Method for recording characteristics of high-pressure compressor under simulated whole machine working environment

Abstract

The invention provides a method for simulating high-pressure compressor characteristic recording in a whole machine working environment, and belongs to the field of aero-engine tests.The method comprises the steps that the initial adjusting state of a key adjusting variable of a double-shaft compressor tester in a test is estimated; under the state that the fan and the high-pressure air compressor are installed in series, the section parameters of a fan outlet or a high-pressure air compressor inlet are corrected, the corrected fan pressure ratio and efficiency are obtained, and high-pressure air compressor characteristic parameters including the corrected total pressure and total temperature of the fan outlet are obtained through calculation based on the corrected fan pressure ratio and efficiency; performing state control on the fan and the high-pressure compressor based on the characteristic parameters, adjusting the test initial state according to the initial adjustment state of the key adjustment variable, and adjusting the test initial state to a reference state; and carrying out high-pressure compressor characteristic recording according to the reference state to obtain a high-pressure compressor characteristic curve. According to the invention, the non-uniform distribution of the fan outlet flow field and the simulation of the blade tip clearance state of the high-pressure compressor in the whole machine state can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of aero-engine testing, and in particular relates to a method for recording characteristics of a high-pressure compressor in a simulated whole-machine working environment. Background Art

[0002] At present, most of the characteristics of high-pressure compressors are obtained through separate component tests (uniform inlet conditions). However, the actual characteristics of high-pressure compressors in the whole machine use environment have certain deviations from the separate component tests. This deviation is caused by factors such as the non-uniform distribution of the fan outlet flow field and the difference in the compressor tip clearance state. In order to study the characteristic matching of high-pressure compressors in the whole machine use environment, it is usually necessary to carry out a large number of whole machine matching verification tests to obtain its optimal matching characteristics. However, a large number of high-pressure compressor characteristic optimization verifications are carried out in the whole machine test, the verification cycle is long, the test risk is high, and there are few freely adjustable variables in the whole machine test, and the verification state is limited. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present application is to provide a method for recording the characteristics of a high-pressure compressor in a simulated whole-machine working environment, so as to solve or alleviate at least one problem in the background technology.

[0004] The technical solution of the present application is: a method for recording the characteristics of a high-pressure compressor under a simulated whole machine working environment, which is implemented based on a biaxial compressor tester, and the method comprises: Predicting the initial adjustment states of key adjustment variables of the dual-axis compressor tester during the test, the key adjustment variables including fan and high-pressure compressor speeds, fan and high-pressure compressor adjustable stator blade angles, inlet throttling device states, internal throttling device states, and external throttling device states; When the fan and the high-pressure compressor are installed in series, the fan outlet or high-pressure compressor inlet section parameters are corrected to obtain a corrected fan pressure ratio and fan efficiency, and a corrected fan outlet total pressure and total temperature are calculated based on the corrected fan pressure ratio and fan efficiency, thereby realizing the correction of the high-pressure compressor characteristic parameters; Based on the characteristic parameters, the state of the fan and the high-pressure compressor is controlled. According to the initial adjustment state of the key adjustment variables, the initial state of the test is adjusted in the order of the fan and high-pressure compressor speed, the adjustable stator blade angle, the state of the inlet throttling device, the state of the internal throttling device and the state of the external throttling device, and adjusted to the recorded reference state; The high-pressure compressor characteristic recording is carried out based on the reference state to obtain the high-pressure compressor characteristic curve.

[0005] Preferably, the rotation speeds of the fan and the high-pressure compressor and the angles of the adjustable stator blades of the fan and the high-pressure compressor are kept consistent with the matching of the whole machine working environment.

[0006] Preferably, the process of estimating the state of the intake throttle device in the key adjustment variable includes: Estimate the drive power P and torque M based on the characteristic parameters of the fan and high-pressure compressor: ; In the formula, is the specific heat ratio of air, To calculate flow rate, is the total inlet temperature, is the pressure ratio, For efficiency, is the specific heat ratio; ; In the formula, is the conversion speed; Determine the inlet throttling ratio required for the test by combining the power and torque limits at each speed of the first drive device and the second drive device: ; In the formula, is the throttled power and torque, J is the inlet throttling ratio; According to the relationship between the flow area and the throttling ratio under different flow rates of the intake throttling device, the flow area of ​​the corresponding intake throttling device is determined.

[0007] Preferably, the state estimation process of the internal throttling device and the external throttling device is: The areas of the inner throttling device and the outer throttling device are estimated according to the throat area of ​​the fan and the high-pressure compressor exhaust flow path. The flow areas of the inner throttling device and the outer throttling device are determined according to 95%-100% of the throat area.

[0008] Preferably, the process of calculating the corrected fan outlet total pressure and total temperature based on the corrected fan pressure ratio and fan efficiency includes: Based on the single component test of the fan or in combination with CFD simulation, the correction coefficients of the corrected fan pressure ratio and fan efficiency are determined, and the corrected fan pressure ratio and fan efficiency are calculated based on the correction coefficients: ; ; In the formula, , is the corrected fan pressure ratio and fan efficiency, , The fan pressure ratio and fan efficiency are obtained based on instrument measurement under dual-axis conditions. , is the correction factor for fan pressure ratio and fan efficiency; The characteristic parameters of the high-pressure compressor state control are calculated based on the corrected fan pressure ratio and fan efficiency, and the characteristic parameters include the fan outlet total pressure and total temperature: ; ; In the formula, , is the corrected total pressure and temperature at the fan outlet, , is the total pressure and temperature at the fan inlet.

[0009] Preferably, the recorded reference state is consistent with the matching state of the whole machine, and the matching state consistency means that the state points of the fan and the high-pressure compressor are both on a common working line.

[0010] Preferably, in the process of carrying out high-pressure compressor characteristic recording based on the reference state to obtain the high-pressure compressor characteristic curve, the internal throttling device is first adjusted to change the flow area of ​​the internal exhaust device to record the high-pressure compressor characteristic curve. The state points for recording the high-pressure compressor characteristic curve are no less than 7 points, including at least a blockage point, an operating point, a maximum efficiency point and a breathing point. After each state point on the characteristic curve is stable, the state point collection is performed. During the characteristic curve recording process, when the deviation of the relative converted speed of the high-pressure compressor from the reference state is greater than a predetermined value, the fan state point adjustment is performed to stabilize the relative converted speed of the high-pressure compressor.

[0011] Preferably, it also includes: The influence test of the adjustable variable on the matching characteristic is carried out under the reference state, and the state point or characteristic curve is recorded under the state of adjusting a single adjustable variable.

[0012] Compared with the existing single-component test of the high-pressure compressor with uniform inlet conditions, the method for recording the high-pressure compressor characteristics under the simulated whole-machine working environment proposed in the present application can realize the simulation of the non-uniform distribution of the fan outlet flow field and the tip clearance state of the high-pressure compressor under the whole-machine state. The high-pressure compressor characteristics obtained under the test state are closer to the high-pressure compressor characteristics under the whole-machine environment, thereby improving the support for the whole-machine matching. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution provided by the present application, the following is a brief introduction to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application.

[0014] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the biaxial compressor tester in this application.

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a method for recording high-pressure compressor characteristics under a simulated whole-machine working environment of the present application.

[0016] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a characteristic curve of a relative converted speed of a high-pressure compressor according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the implementation of this application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be described in more detail below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of this application.

[0018] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, such as the difference between the characteristics obtained from the high-pressure compressor component test and the characteristics under the real environment of the whole machine, the lack of multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment in the whole machine verification and the high test risk, the present application proposes a method for recording high-pressure compressor characteristics in the working environment of the whole machine based on a biaxial compressor tester to simulate the whole machine. By performing high-pressure compressor characteristic recording verification on the biaxial compressor tester with the fan, intermediate casing and high-pressure compressor installed in series, the high-pressure compressor characteristics in the simulated whole machine working environment are obtained, thereby realizing the simulation of the whole machine working environment in the component-level test, and realizing the verification of the influence of multi-degree-of-freedom variable adjustment on the performance of the high-pressure compressor.

[0019] like Figure 1 The figure shows a schematic diagram of a biaxial compressor tester, wherein the biaxial compressor tester 100 includes an intake system 10 , a test piece 20 , an exhaust system 30 , a speed increaser 40 , a power device 50 and an angle adjustment device 60 .

[0020] Among them, the air intake system 10 includes an intake flow measuring device 11, an intake throttling device 12, a pressure stabilizing device 13 and an intake adapter section 14. The intake flow measuring device 11 is connected to the intake throttling device 12 via a pipeline. The intake throttling device 12 (the inlet throttling ratio can be changed by adjusting the flow area of ​​the intake throttling device 12) is connected to the pressure stabilizing device 13 via a pipeline. The pressure stabilizing device 13 is connected to the fan 21 of the test piece 20 via the intake adapter section 14.

[0021] The test piece 20 includes a fan 21 , an intermediate casing 22 and a high-pressure compressor 23 . The fan 21 , the intermediate casing 22 and the high-pressure compressor 23 are connected together to form the test piece 20 . The intermediate casing 22 is divided into an outer duct 221 and an inner duct 222 .

[0022] The exhaust system 30 includes an outer bypass throttling device 31, an outer bypass exhaust device 32, an inner bypass throttling device 33 and an inner bypass exhaust device 34. The outer bypass throttling device 31 and the outer bypass exhaust device 32 are arranged in sequence on the outlet side of the outer bypass duct 221, and the inner bypass throttling device 33 and the inner bypass exhaust device 34 are arranged in sequence on the outlet side of the inner bypass duct 222.

[0023] The airflow passes through the fan 21 and enters the intermediate casing 22. Part of the airflow passes through the outer duct 221, the outer duct throttling device 31, and the outer duct exhaust device 32 and is discharged into the atmosphere. Part of the airflow passes through the inner duct 222 and enters the high-pressure compressor 23. Finally, after being pressurized by the high-pressure compressor 23, it is discharged into the atmosphere through the inner throttling device 33 and the inner exhaust device 34.

[0024] The driving device 50 includes a first driving device 51 and a second driving device 52. The first driving device 51 and the second driving device 52 respectively drive the fan shaft 211 and the high-pressure compressor shaft 231 after being accelerated by the speed increaser 40, thereby driving the fan 21 and the high-pressure compressor 23 to rotate. The blades of the fan 21 and the high-pressure compressor 23 include adjustable stator blades, non-adjustable stator blades and rotor blades, wherein the adjustable stator blades are adjusted and controlled by the angle adjustment device 60.

[0025] Based on the above-mentioned biaxial compressor tester 100, the present application provides a method for recording high-pressure compressor characteristics under a simulated whole machine working environment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the method includes: S10, estimating the initial adjustment state of the key adjustment variables of the dual-axis compressor tester in the test, the key adjustment variables including the fan and high-pressure compressor speeds, the fan and high-pressure compressor adjustable stator blade angles, the intake throttling device state and the inner / outer bypass throttling device state.

[0026] Among them, the rotation speed of the fan and high-pressure compressor and the angle of the adjustable stator blades are consistent with the matching of the working environment of the whole machine.

[0027] The state of the air intake throttling device 12 is determined by estimating the driving power and torque according to the characteristic parameters of the fan and the high-pressure compressor (converted speed, converted flow, pressure ratio, efficiency). The driving power is calculated according to Formula 1: ; (1) In the formula, is the specific heat ratio of air, generally taken as 1.004 kJ / (kg·K); To convert the flow rate, kg / s; is the total inlet temperature, generally 288.15K; is the pressure ratio; For efficiency; is the specific heat (capacity) ratio, which is 1.4 at room temperature.

[0028] Taking into account the incompleteness of the inlet total temperature and calculation characteristics, 1.2 times the result calculated by formula (1) is taken as the estimated driving power, and the torque M is calculated according to formula 2: ; (2) In the formula, To convert the speed.

[0029] Considering that the estimated driving power of the fan and the high-pressure compressor is relatively large, inlet throttling is required. The inlet throttling ratio required for the test is determined to be: , where is the throttled power and torque, J is the inlet throttling ratio.

[0030] According to the relationship between the flow area and the throttling ratio of the intake throttling device 12 at different flow rates, the flow area of ​​the corresponding intake throttling device 12 is determined.

[0031] Determination of the status of the inner / outer throttling device: Estimate the areas of the inner throttling device 33 and the outer throttling device 31 according to the throat (minimum) area of ​​the exhaust flow path of the fan 21 and the high-pressure compressor 23 in the test piece 20. Usually, the flow area of ​​the inner / outer throttling device is determined according to 95%-100% of the throat area.

[0032] S20, when the fan and the high-pressure compressor are installed in series, the fan outlet or high-pressure compressor inlet cross-sectional parameters are corrected to obtain a corrected fan pressure ratio and fan efficiency, and a corrected fan outlet total pressure and total temperature are calculated based on the corrected fan pressure ratio and fan efficiency, thereby realizing the correction of the high-pressure compressor characteristic parameters.

[0033] When the fan and high-pressure compressor are installed in series, in order to avoid the influence of too many instruments on the flow field at the fan outlet, a small number of instruments are often arranged at the fan outlet. In order to enable a small number of instruments to accurately characterize the aerodynamic state of the fan outlet or the high-pressure compressor inlet, it is necessary to correct the cross-sectional parameters.

[0034] In some embodiments of the present application, the correction coefficients of the corrected fan pressure ratio and fan efficiency can be determined based on a single component test of the fan or in combination with CFD simulation, and the corrected fan pressure ratio and fan efficiency can be calculated by Formula 3 and Formula 4: ; (3) ; (4) In the formula, , is the corrected fan pressure ratio and fan efficiency, , The fan pressure ratio and fan efficiency are obtained based on a small number of instrument measurements under dual-axis conditions. , is the correction factor for fan pressure ratio and fan efficiency.

[0035] The corrected fan pressure ratio and fan efficiency are used as the characteristic parameters of the fan state control during the test, and the corrected fan outlet total pressure and total temperature are used as the inlet parameters of the high-pressure compressor. The characteristic parameters of the high-pressure compressor state control (i.e., the fan outlet total pressure and total temperature) are calculated according to these parameters: ; (5) ; (6) In the formula, , is the corrected total pressure and temperature at the fan outlet, , is the total pressure and temperature at the fan inlet.

[0036] S30, control the state of the fan and the high-pressure compressor according to the characteristic parameters determined in step S20, and adjust the initial state of the test in the order of the fan and high-pressure compressor speed, the adjustable stator blade angle, the state of the intake throttling device and the state of the inner / outer bypass throttling device according to the initial adjustment state of the key adjustment variables in the test determined in step S10.

[0037] Adjust to the reference state of the record, the reference state of the record is consistent with the matching state of the whole machine (usually the common working line) to ensure consistency with the working environment of the whole machine. In the adjustment process, for a small bypass ratio engine (bypass ratio less than 1), the inner throttling device 33 is preferentially adjusted to reduce the flow area of ​​the inner exhaust device 34 (the adjustment step is 0.5%-1.0% of the maximum flow area of ​​the inner exhaust device 34), the pressure ratio of the fan and the high-pressure compressor is gradually increased, so that the state of the high-pressure compressor and the fan is close to the common working line, and then the outer throttling device 31 is adjusted (the adjustment step is 0.5%-1.0% of the maximum flow area of ​​the outer exhaust device 32), so that the state points of the fan and the high-pressure compressor are both on the common working line (state point control accuracy requirement: pressure ratio deviation ≤ 0.5%).

[0038] S40, carrying out a high-pressure compressor characteristic acquisition test to obtain a high-pressure compressor characteristic curve.

[0039] The high-pressure compressor characteristic recording is carried out with step S30 as the reference state, and the internal throttling device 33 is slowly adjusted to change the flow area of ​​the internal exhaust device 34 (the adjustment step is 0.1%-0.5% of the maximum flow area of ​​the internal exhaust device 34) to perform high-pressure compressor characteristic recording. The state points of the high-pressure compressor characteristic recording are not less than 7 points, covering the blockage point, working point, maximum efficiency point and breathing point. Each state point on the characteristic curve should be fully stable (the high-pressure compressor converted speed fluctuation is ≤10r / min, the high-pressure compressor converted flow fluctuation is ≤0.5%, and the high-pressure compressor pressure ratio fluctuation is ≤0.3%) before the state point collection is performed. During the characteristic recording process, when the deviation of the relative converted speed of the high-pressure compressor from the reference state is greater than 0.2%, the fan state point adjustment is performed to stabilize the relative converted speed of the high-pressure compressor (the deviation from the reference state is ≤0.2%).

[0040] like Figure 3 The figure shows a schematic diagram of a characteristic curve L2 of a relative converted speed of a high-pressure compressor of an embodiment of the present application. The blocking point P1 is a state point where the pressure of the high-pressure compressor is relatively low, the working point P2 is a state point on the common working line L1, the maximum efficiency point P3 is a state point with the highest efficiency, and the breathing point P4 is a state point where the high-pressure compressor is unstable. The instability of the high-pressure compressor is monitored by pressure pulsation measuring points, and pressure pulsation measuring points need to be arranged between stages and outlet positions of the fan and each stage of the high-pressure compressor.

[0041] S50, conducting an experiment on the influence of the adjustable variable on the matching characteristic, and recording the state point or characteristic curve under the state of adjusting a single adjustable variable.

[0042] Taking step S30 as the reference state, the test of the influence of adjustable variables on matching characteristics is carried out. The relative converted speed of the fan is changed by adjusting the first drive device 51, the angle of the adjustable stator blades of the fan is changed by adjusting the angle adjustment device 60, and the pressure ratio of the fan 21 is changed by adjusting the flow area of ​​the outer throttling device 31. The adjustment range of each variable in the matching characteristics influence test is determined according to the adjustment range of the above variables when the whole machine is matched and used. The variable adjustment range in the matching characteristics influence test covers 120% of the use range of the whole machine. The state point or characteristic curve is recorded under the state of single adjustable variable adjustment. The recording of the state point is collected after the state is fully stable. The recording of the characteristic curve is consistent with the high-pressure compressor characteristic recording test.

[0043] The method for recording high-pressure compressor characteristics in a simulated whole-machine working environment proposed in the present application is realized by adopting a dual-axis compressor tester in which a fan, an intermediate casing and a high-pressure compressor are installed in series. Compared with the existing single-component test of a high-pressure compressor (uniform inlet conditions), it can realize the non-uniform distribution of the fan outlet flow field and the simulation of the high-pressure compressor tip clearance state in the whole-machine state. The high-pressure compressor characteristics obtained in the test state are closer to the high-pressure compressor characteristics in the whole-machine environment, thereby improving the support for whole-machine matching.

[0044] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for recording high-pressure compressor characteristics under a simulated whole machine working environment, based on a biaxial compressor tester, characterized in that: The method comprises: Predicting the initial adjustment states of key adjustment variables of the dual-axis compressor tester during the test, the key adjustment variables including fan and high-pressure compressor speeds, fan and high-pressure compressor adjustable stator blade angles, inlet throttling device states, internal throttling device states, and external throttling device states; When the fan and the high-pressure compressor are installed in series, the fan outlet or high-pressure compressor inlet section parameters are corrected to obtain a corrected fan pressure ratio and fan efficiency, and a corrected fan outlet total pressure and total temperature are calculated based on the corrected fan pressure ratio and fan efficiency, thereby realizing the correction of the high-pressure compressor characteristic parameters; Based on the characteristic parameters, the state of the fan and the high-pressure compressor is controlled. According to the initial adjustment state of the key adjustment variables, the initial state of the test is adjusted in the order of the fan and high-pressure compressor speed, the adjustable stator blade angle, the state of the inlet throttling device, the state of the internal throttling device and the state of the external throttling device, and adjusted to the recorded reference state; The high-pressure compressor characteristic recording is carried out based on the reference state to obtain the high-pressure compressor characteristic curve.

2. The method for recording high pressure compressor characteristics under a simulated whole machine working environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotation speed of the fan and the high-pressure compressor and the angle of the adjustable stator blades of the fan and the high-pressure compressor are consistent with the matching of the working environment of the whole machine.

3. The method for recording the characteristics of a high-pressure compressor in a simulated whole machine working environment according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The process of estimating the state of the intake throttle device among the key manipulated variables includes: Estimate the drive power P and torque M based on the characteristic parameters of the fan and high-pressure compressor: ； In the formula, is the specific heat ratio of air, To calculate flow rate, is the total inlet temperature, is the pressure ratio, For efficiency, is the specific heat ratio; ； In the formula, is the conversion speed; Determine the inlet throttling ratio required for the test by combining the power and torque limits at each speed of the first drive device and the second drive device: ； In the formula, is the throttled power and torque, J is the inlet throttling ratio; According to the relationship between the flow area and the throttling ratio under different flow rates of the intake throttling device, the flow area of ​​the corresponding intake throttling device is determined.

4. The method for recording the characteristics of a high-pressure compressor under a simulated whole machine working environment as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The state estimation process of the inner throttling device and the outer throttling device is as follows: The areas of the inner throttling device and the outer throttling device are estimated according to the throat area of ​​the fan and the high-pressure compressor exhaust flow path. The flow areas of the inner throttling device and the outer throttling device are determined according to 95%-100% of the throat area.

5. The method for recording the characteristics of a high-pressure compressor in a simulated whole machine working environment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The process of calculating the corrected fan outlet total pressure and total temperature based on the corrected fan pressure ratio and fan efficiency includes: Determine the correction coefficient of the corrected fan pressure ratio and fan efficiency based on the single component test of the fan or in combination with CFD simulation, and calculate the corrected fan pressure ratio and fan efficiency based on the correction coefficient: ； ； In the formula, , is the corrected fan pressure ratio and fan efficiency, , The fan pressure ratio and fan efficiency are obtained based on instrument measurement under dual-axis conditions. , is the correction factor for fan pressure ratio and fan efficiency; The characteristic parameters of the high-pressure compressor state control are calculated based on the corrected fan pressure ratio and fan efficiency, and the characteristic parameters include the fan outlet total pressure and total temperature: ； ； In the formula, , is the corrected total pressure and temperature at the fan outlet, , is the total pressure and temperature at the fan inlet.

6. The method for recording the characteristics of a high-pressure compressor in a simulated whole-machine working environment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The recorded reference state is consistent with the matching state of the whole machine, and the matching state consistency means that the state points of the fan and the high-pressure compressor are both on a common working line.

7. The method for recording the characteristics of a high-pressure compressor in a simulated whole machine working environment according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the process of acquiring the high-pressure compressor characteristic curve by carrying out the high-pressure compressor characteristic recording based on the said reference state, the internal throttling device is first adjusted to change the flow area of ​​the internal exhaust device to record the high-pressure compressor characteristic curve. The state points for recording the high-pressure compressor characteristic curve are no less than 7 points, including at least a blockage point, an operating point, a maximum efficiency point and a breathing point. After each state point on the characteristic curve is stable, the state point collection is carried out. During the characteristic curve recording process, when the deviation of the relative converted speed of the high-pressure compressor from the reference state is greater than a predetermined value, the fan state point is adjusted to stabilize the relative converted speed of the high-pressure compressor.

8. The method for recording high pressure compressor characteristics under the simulated whole machine working environment according to claim 7, characterized in that: Also includes: The influence test of the adjustable variable on the matching characteristic is carried out under the reference state, and the state point or characteristic curve is recorded under the state of adjusting a single adjustable variable.

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