Laser ultrasonic and texture cutter combined machining device and method capable of achieving dynamic gap heat dissipation

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of combined machining, and particularly discloses a laser ultrasonic cooperative texture cutter dynamic gap heat dissipation combined machining device and method.The method comprises the steps that surface microstructure parameters of a cutter are designed according to the material and shape characteristics of a part to be machined; the tool is clamped in an ultrasonic vibration auxiliary machining device, so that the tool is precisely positioned at a micro-texture preparation station, and a micro-texture is prepared on the surface of the tool by adopting femtosecond laser of a laser machining composite device; a workpiece is clamped, the micro-texture tool is installed on the ultrasonic vibration auxiliary machining device, the micro-texture tool is located at a combined machining station and tool setting is completed, the laser machining combined device and the ultrasonic vibration auxiliary machining device move along, the laser machining combined device is adjusted to enable an auxiliary heating laser beam to conduct laser preheating softening on a to-be-machined area, and heat damage is restrained. The ultrasonic vibration auxiliary machining device enables the micro-texture tool to conduct ultrasonic vibration to achieve periodic intermittent machining, the machining feeding process is conducted, and combined machining is completed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of composite processing in special processing technology, and specifically discloses a laser ultrasonic coordinated texturing tool dynamic gap heat dissipation composite processing device and method. Background Art

[0002] Material removal during high-quality and efficient machining is considered a complex system with multiple input and output variables, involving the evolution of surface interface contact behaviors that are influenced by forces, heat, chemistry, and materials. At present, there are many process methods that directly or indirectly change the interface contact conditions and thus affect the machining behavior, such as laser-assisted machining and ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining. Among them, laser-assisted machining can reduce cutting forces through preheating, but continuous heat input aggravates thermal damage to the tool. Ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining reduces the average machining temperature through dynamic intermittent machining, and the micro-texture of the tool surface can improve the friction reduction and gap heat dissipation of the tool-workpiece contact interface. However, a single process method has limited improvement in high-efficiency and high-quality machining and will introduce unnecessary machining damage. Therefore, some composite processes have emerged, for example: Patent CN202111460177.6 discloses a laser-ultrasonic synchronous assisted cutting system; Patent CN202011232396.4 discloses an ultrasonic laser mechanical composite processing method, ultrasonic vibration fixture, machine tool and laser, etc. However, most of these energy field assisted processes are not combined with tool strengthening technology, and traditional cooling technology cannot respond to the transient thermal field gradient changes in the collaborative assisted processing of laser and ultrasonic energy fields, and cannot adapt to the asymmetric heat source distribution introduced by laser assisted processing, which greatly weakens the laser thermal assisted softening effect and seriously restricts efficient processing. In addition, the laser preparation of tool surface microtexture and laser assisted processing processes are usually implemented in steps, the process chain is lengthy, and the equipment cost is increased. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a laser-ultrasonic collaborative texturing tool dynamic gap heat dissipation composite processing device and method, which combines laser-ultrasonic energy field assisted process and tool strengthening technology, utilizes the laser thermal softening effect to improve the machinability of difficult-to-process materials, and simultaneously combines the ultrasonic vibration and micro-texturing tool's collaborative wear reduction and efficiency improvement characteristics to improve the tool's durability, thus breaking through the problem of high-quality and efficient processing of difficult-to-process materials.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a laser ultrasonic collaborative texturing tool dynamic gap heat dissipation composite processing method as follows: Step 1) according to the material and shape characteristics of the parts to be processed, determine the configuration of the workpiece, the laser processing composite device, the ultrasonic vibration assisted processing device, and the micro-texture tool, and design the surface micro-texture parameters of the tool; Step 2) clamping the tool in an ultrasonic vibration assisted processing device, positioning the tool precisely at the micro-texture preparation station, and using a femtosecond laser of a laser processing composite device to prepare micro-texture on the tool surface; Step 3) clamping the workpiece, installing the micro-texture tool on the ultrasonic vibration assisted processing device, positioning the micro-texture tool at the composite processing station and completing the tool alignment, the laser processing composite device and the ultrasonic vibration assisted processing device follow, adjusting the laser processing composite device so that the auxiliary heating laser beam performs laser preheating and softening on the processing area and inhibits thermal damage, and the ultrasonic vibration assisted processing device causes the micro-texture tool to perform ultrasonic vibration to achieve periodic intermittent processing, and the processing tool passing process is performed to complete the composite processing.

[0005] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a laser ultrasonic collaborative texturing tool dynamic gap heat dissipation composite processing device, comprising: A driving spindle assembly is used to fix the workpiece and drive the workpiece to realize the movement of the workpiece on the Y axis and the rotational movement around its own axis; A micro-textured tool mounted on an ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining device for cutting a workpiece; An ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining device mounted on a servo table having three-axis servo motion of an X-axis, a Z-axis and a rotary B-axis; A laser processing composite device is installed on the servo workbench, and the laser processing composite device includes a micro-texturing processing laser source, an auxiliary heating laser source, a precision workbench, an optical path integration system, and a focusing scanning system, wherein the precision workbench is used for macro-position control of the laser beam, the optical path integration system dynamically switches the optical path to the micro-texturing processing laser source or the auxiliary heating laser source according to processing requirements, and the focusing scanning system is used to focus the laser beam on the micro-texturing processing area of ​​the tool surface or the area to be processed of the workpiece.

[0006] The laser ultrasonic energy field coordinated micro-texture tool dynamic gap heat dissipation composite processing of the present invention is achieved through the multi-physical field time-space synergy effect of the laser energy field, ultrasonic vibration energy field and micro-texture tool, wherein the thermal effect of the laser energy field and the dynamic heat dissipation effect of the ultrasonic vibration energy field cooperate with thermal management to achieve local thermal softening of the material and suppress the temperature rise of the tool, improve the machinability of the material while suppressing tool wear, and the ultrasonic vibration energy field and micro-texture cooperate with the dynamic gap strong time-varying heat dissipation to utilize the periodic time-varying effect of the gap between the ultrasonic vibration machining tool and the workpiece to cooperate with the forced convection heat dissipation effect of the micro-texture groove as a directional heat dissipation channel to achieve together; in the composite processing, the processing temperature and the force, vibration and shape of the processing process are also integrated and monitored.

[0007] As a further technical solution, the driving spindle assembly includes a Y-axis driving platform, a clamping device for fixing the workpiece, and a servo spindle for driving the workpiece, wherein the clamping device is fixed to the output end of the servo spindle, and the servo spindle is fixed to the Y-axis driving platform. It can realize the functions of locking the spindle, slow servo motion and conventional rotary motion, and can lock the workpiece, make the workpiece perform servo motion during the processing, or make the workpiece perform conventional rotary motion; As a further technical solution, the X-axis and Z-axis servo movements of the servo workbench can enable the laser processing composite device and the ultrasonic vibration assisted processing device to synchronously complete the processing feed movement, and the rotating B axis can accurately position the tool at the micro-texture preparation station or the composite processing station.

[0008] As a further technical solution, the micro-texturing laser source is a femtosecond pulse laser source, which is used to prepare micro-texture on the tool surface, and the auxiliary heating laser source is a nanosecond pulse laser source or a continuous laser source, which is used for laser-assisted heating to soften the workpiece during composite processing.

[0009] As a further technical solution, the ultrasonic vibration assisted processing device can apply one-dimensional high-frequency vibration, two-dimensional high-frequency vibration and three-dimensional high-frequency vibration to the micro-textured tool.

[0010] As a further technical solution, the driving spindle assembly and the servo workbench are also equipped with infrared temperature sensors, dynamometers, vibrometers, acoustic emission sensors and high-speed cameras for monitoring the workpiece processing process and heat dissipation performance.

[0011] As a further technical solution, the ultrasonic vibration assisted processing device includes a transducer, a horn and a tool clamping mechanism, which are used to apply high-frequency vibration to the micro-texturing tool.

[0012] As a further technical solution, the microtexture on the microtexture tool includes a heat dissipation guiding microtexture and a friction reducing microtexture; the size of the heat dissipation guiding microtexture is larger than that of the friction reducing microtexture.

[0013] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a processing method of the laser ultrasonic collaborative texturing tool dynamic gap heat dissipation composite processing device based on the above-mentioned laser ultrasonic collaborative texturing tool dynamic gap heat dissipation composite processing device, as follows: The tool is clamped on the ultrasonic vibration assisted processing device, and a micro-texture is prepared on the surface of the tool by using a laser beam emitted by a micro-texture processing laser source of a laser processing composite device to form a micro-texture tool; The spindle assembly is driven to clamp the workpiece, so that the micro-texture tool is positioned at the composite processing station and the tool setting is completed. The servo worktable drives the laser processing composite device and the ultrasonic vibration auxiliary processing device to follow up. The laser processing composite device is adjusted so that the auxiliary heat laser beam preheats and softens the processing area and suppresses thermal damage. The ultrasonic vibration auxiliary processing device makes the micro-texture tool perform ultrasonic vibration to achieve periodic intermittent processing, and the processing tool path process is carried out to complete the composite processing.

[0014] As a further technical solution, during the processing of the workpiece, the processing parameters of the auxiliary heating laser beam are modulated, the laser type is selected as a nanosecond pulse laser beam, and the irradiation position is selected as a set distance in front of the micro-texture tool processing position to ensure that the area to be processed of the workpiece is locally heated and softened, and no thermal damage is caused to the micro-texture tool and the processed surface; the vibration frequency and amplitude of the ultrasonic vibration are set so that the ultrasonic vibration matches the parameters of the micro-texture tool and the auxiliary heating laser beam to achieve effective local thermal softening of the material. The high-frequency intermittent processing characteristics are used to decouple the laser thermal softening effect and the heat resistance of the micro-texture tool, and multi-scale collaborative heat dissipation of laser heat diffusion and processing heat is carried out.

[0015] The present invention achieves improved machinability of difficult-to-machine materials through deep fusion of laser-ultrasonic energy field and micro-texture tool, and ensures tool life and machining quality of parts through dynamic gap strong time-varying heat dissipation mechanism, which has the following beneficial effects: 1) In the laser ultrasonic collaborative texturing tool dynamic gap heat dissipation composite processing device and method proposed in the present invention, the laser energy field The multi-physical field space-time synergistic effect of ultrasonic vibration energy field and micro-texture tool realizes the composite processing of laser ultrasonic energy field and micro-texture tool dynamic gap heat dissipation; wherein the thermal effect of laser energy field and the dynamic heat dissipation effect of ultrasonic vibration energy field cooperate with thermal management to realize local thermal softening of material and suppress tool temperature rise, improve material machinability while suppressing tool wear, and the ultrasonic vibration energy field and micro-texture cooperate with dynamic gap strong time-varying heat dissipation to utilize the periodic time-varying effect of the gap between ultrasonic vibration machining tool and workpiece and cooperate with the forced convection heat dissipation effect of micro-texture groove as a directional heat dissipation channel to achieve it together.

[0016] 2) In the composite processing, the processing temperature and the force, vibration and shape of the processing process are also integrated and monitored; ultrasonic vibration induces intermittent contact between the tool and the workpiece, and the micro-texture groove provides a directional guide gap in the tool-workpiece contact area. The ultrasonic vibration cooperates with the tool micro-texture to improve the heat dissipation efficiency during the processing, significantly improving the adverse thermal damage to the workpiece and the tool introduced while laser-assisted machinability improvement of difficult-to-process materials, thereby improving the tool life and processing surface integrity.

[0017] 3) Laser processing microtexturing and laser auxiliary heating functions are integrated in the same device, and time-sharing multiplexing is achieved through dynamic switching of optical paths, which reduces equipment costs, reduces redundant processes, and improves processing efficiency.

[0018] 4) This method and device breaks through the difficulties of high-quality and efficient processing of difficult-to-process materials through the multi-physical field spatiotemporal synergistic effect of laser energy field, ultrasonic vibration energy field and micro-textured tool, and realizes the performance improvement and wide application of high-end equipment parts. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The following drawings are only intended to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the laser ultrasonic collaborative texturing tool dynamic gap heat dissipation composite processing method of the present invention.

[0021] FIG2( a ) is a schematic diagram of a cross-scale micro-groove texture tool disclosed in the present invention; FIG2( b ) is a schematic diagram of a micro-groove and elliptical composite texture tool disclosed in the present invention; FIG2( c ) is a schematic diagram of a diamond and elliptical composite texture tool disclosed in the present invention; FIG2( d ) is a schematic diagram of a triangular, circular and elliptical composite texture tool disclosed in the present invention; FIG2( e ) is a schematic diagram of a circular arc and micro groove composite texture tool disclosed in the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the laser-ultrasonic collaborative texturing tool dynamic gap heat dissipation composite processing device disclosed in the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of a laser processing composite device of a laser ultrasonic collaborative texturing tool dynamic gap heat dissipation composite processing device disclosed in the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an optical path integration system in a laser processing composite device disclosed in the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a focusing scanning system in a laser processing composite device disclosed in the present invention; Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of preparing a micro-textured tool disclosed in the present invention; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the composite processing of the end face of a round rod workpiece disclosed in the present invention.

[0022] In the figure, 1. workpiece, 2. laser processing composite device, 3. ultrasonic vibration assisted processing device, 4. micro-texturing tool, 5. driving spindle assembly, 6. acoustic emission sensor, 7. vibrometer, 8. fixed base, 9. high-speed camera, 10. infrared temperature sensor, 11. dynamometer, 12. servo workbench, 13. micro-texturing laser source, 14. optical path integration system, 15. focusing scanning system, 16. auxiliary heating laser source, 17. precision workbench, 18. optical path switching micromirror, 19. laser output optical path, 20. digital scanning galvanometer, 21. focusing lens; a1. Laser heat diffusion, a2. Laser thermal softening, a3. Ultrasonic vibration, a4. Thermal convection, a5. Strong time-varying heat dissipation by dynamic gap, a6. Microtexture draught heat dissipation, a7. Processing heat generation, a8. Time-varying intermittent heat dissipation, b1. Cross-scale microgroove texture, b2. Microgroove and ellipse composite texture, b3. Diamond and ellipse composite texture, b4. Triangle, circle and ellipse composite texture, b5. Arc and microgroove composite texture, s1. Femtosecond laser beam, s2. Auxiliary heating laser beam, v. Workpiece speed direction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. In the following detailed description, preferred embodiments of the present invention are described only by way of illustration. Needless to say, those skilled in the art will recognize that the described embodiments may be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the drawings and description are illustrative in nature and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the claims.

[0024] Explanation of terms: In this embodiment, the top horizontal plane of the fixed base 8 is used as a reference to define the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis, wherein the X-axis and Z-axis are located on the horizontal plane and are perpendicular to each other, the Y-axis is a vertical axis perpendicular to the horizontal plane; the rotating B-axis is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the Y-axis is parallel.

[0025] This embodiment is based on the fact that traditional cooling technology in the prior art cannot respond to the transient thermal field gradient changes in the laser and ultrasonic energy field synergistic assisted processing, and cannot adapt to the asymmetric heat source distribution introduced by laser assisted processing, which greatly weakens the laser thermal assisted softening effect and seriously restricts efficient processing; and the laser preparation of tool surface micro-texture and laser assisted processing process are usually implemented in steps, the process chain is lengthy, and the equipment cost is increased. The present embodiment provides a composite processing method combining multi-energy field assistance and tool micro-texture strengthening technology. Through the synergistic effect of laser-ultrasonic energy field and micro-texture strengthening of tools, the processing performance of difficult-to-process materials is improved, tool wear is suppressed, and the technical bottleneck of high-quality and efficient processing of difficult-to-process materials is broken through.

[0026] Example 1 This embodiment provides a laser ultrasonic collaborative texturing tool dynamic gap heat dissipation composite processing method. The method disclosed in this embodiment is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 The laser ultrasonic collaborative texturing tool dynamic gap heat dissipation composite processing method specifically includes the following steps: 1) Determine the configuration form of energy field collaborative processing: the material of the parts to be processed is generally difficult-to-process materials such as titanium alloy and high-temperature alloy, and the shape features are generally plane, rotation surface and cylindrical end face; determine the configuration form of the workpiece 1, the laser processing composite device 2, the ultrasonic vibration assisted processing device 3, and the micro-texture tool 4; design the shape and preparation position of the surface micro-texture of the micro-texture tool 4, the preparation position is generally the front and rear faces of the tool, and the shape can be cross-scale micro-groove texture b1, micro-groove and ellipse composite texture b2, diamond and ellipse composite texture b3, triangle, circle and ellipse composite texture b4, arc and micro-groove composite texture b5, please refer to Figure 2 (a), Figure 2 (b), Figure 2 (c), Figure 2 (d), Figure 2 (e) for details; 2) Preparation of micro-textured tool 4: Clamp the tool in the ultrasonic vibration assisted processing device 3, adjust the position so that the tool is precisely located at the micro-textured preparation station, use femtosecond laser beam s1 to prepare micro-texture on the tool surface, and complete the preparation of micro-textured tool 4.

[0027] 3) Formulate a composite processing technology of laser ultrasonic energy field coordinated with dynamic gap heat dissipation of micro-texture tool 4: clamp the workpiece 1, install the micro-texture tool 4 on the ultrasonic vibration assisted processing device 3, adjust the position of the ultrasonic vibration assisted processing device 3 so that the micro-texture tool 4 is positioned at the composite processing station and complete the tool alignment; during the processing, the laser processing composite device 2 and the ultrasonic vibration assisted processing device 3 move synchronously to ensure that the distance between the auxiliary heating laser beam s2 and the micro-texture tool 4 is maintained at 1-10mm; adjust the laser processing composite device 2 so that the auxiliary heating laser beam s2 is aligned with the surface of the area to be processed, and perform local laser thermal softening a2 on the workpiece 1; at the same time, the ultrasonic vibration assisted processing device 3 causes the micro-texture tool 4 to perform ultrasonic vibration a3, and the micro-texture tool 4 is in periodic intermittent contact with the workpiece 1 to realize periodic intermittent processing during the processing; the workpiece moves along the workpiece speed direction v, performs the processing tool pass process, and completes the composite processing of the workpiece 1.

[0028] 4) Modulate the laser ultrasonic energy field to coordinately assist the processing parameters: Modulate the processing parameters of the auxiliary heating laser beam s2, select the laser type as a nanosecond pulse laser beam, the laser power is 5-80W, the pulse width is 100ns, the spot diameter is about 1μm, and the irradiation position is selected to be 6mm in front of the processing position of the micro-texture tool 4. Do not use the laser beam scanning setting to ensure that the area to be processed of the workpiece 1 is locally softened by heat, and no thermal damage is caused to the micro-texture tool 4 and the processed surface; Set the vibration frequency of the ultrasonic vibration a3 to 20-100kHz and the amplitude to 5-20μm. The ultrasonic vibration a3 matches the parameters of the micro-texture tool 4 and the auxiliary heating laser beam s2 to achieve local effective thermal softening of the material. On the basis of this, the high-frequency intermittent processing characteristics are used to decouple the laser thermal softening a2 effect and the heat resistance of the micro-texture tool 4, and perform multi-scale collaborative heat dissipation of the laser thermal diffusion a1 and the processing heat a7. Based on the above steps, the laser processing composite device 2, the ultrasonic vibration assisted processing device 3 and the micro-texture tool 4 work together to give play to the synergistic effects of laser thermal softening a2 effect, ultrasonic time-varying intermittent heat dissipation a8 and micro-texture dredging heat dissipation a6, so as to achieve efficient and high-quality processing of the workpiece 1 and extend the service life of the micro-texture tool 4; the thermal effect of the laser energy field and the dynamic heat dissipation effect of the ultrasonic vibration a3 energy field cooperate with thermal management to achieve local thermal softening of the workpiece 1 and suppress the temperature rise of the tool, improve the machinability of the material while suppressing tool wear, and the ultrasonic vibration a3 energy field and the micro-texture cooperate with the dynamic gap strong time-varying heat dissipation a5 to utilize the periodic time-varying effect of the gap between the tool and the workpiece 1 in the ultrasonic vibration a3 processing and the forced convection heat dissipation effect of the micro-texture groove as a directional heat dissipation channel to jointly achieve, breaking through the limitation of heat dissipation only through thermal convection a4 in traditional processing; during the composite processing, the processing temperature and the force, vibration and morphology of the processing process are integrated and monitored to further optimize the processing process.

[0029] Example 2 The laser ultrasonic coordinated texturing tool dynamic gap heat dissipation composite processing device provided in this embodiment is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings: For details, see Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , this embodiment provides a laser ultrasonic collaborative texturing tool dynamic gap heat dissipation composite processing device, including a driving spindle assembly 5, a fixed base 8, a servo workbench 12, a laser processing composite device 2, an ultrasonic vibration auxiliary processing device 3 and a micro-texturing tool 4; The laser processing composite device 2 only moves along the X and Z axes; the ultrasonic vibration auxiliary processing device 3 is installed on the B axis.

[0030] The driving spindle assembly 5 is used to fix the workpiece 1 and drive the workpiece 1 to realize the movement of the workpiece 1 in the Y axis (vertical direction) and the rotational movement around its own axis; The micro-texture tool 4 is mounted on the ultrasonic vibration-assisted processing device 3 and is used for cutting the workpiece 1; The ultrasonic vibration assisted processing device 3 is mounted on a servo workbench 12 with three-axis servo motion of the X-axis, the Z-axis and the rotary B-axis; The laser processing compound device 2 is installed on the servo workbench 12 with three-axis servo motion of X-axis, Z-axis and rotary B-axis, wherein the laser processing compound device 2 moves in the X-axis and Z-axis directions, and the ultrasonic vibration auxiliary processing device 3 can move in the X-axis and Z-axis directions, and can also perform rotational motion in the B-axis direction; The laser processing composite device 2 includes a micro-texturing laser source 13, an auxiliary heating laser source 16, a precision workbench 17, an optical path integration system 14, and a focusing scanning system 15, wherein the precision workbench 17 is used for macroscopic position control of the laser beam, the optical path integration system 14 can dynamically switch the optical path to the micro-texturing laser source 13 or the auxiliary heating laser source 16 according to processing requirements, and the focusing scanning system 15 is used to focus the laser beam on the micro-texturing processing area of ​​the tool surface or the area to be processed of the workpiece 1; The driving spindle assembly 5 and the servo workbench 12 are installed on the fixed base 8. The servo workbench 12 drives the ultrasonic vibration assisted processing device 3 and the laser processing composite device 2 to feed synchronously, and can perform laser assisted heating and ultrasonic vibration a3 assisted processing on the workpiece 1 at the same time.

[0031] The laser ultrasonic energy field coordinated micro-texture tool 4 dynamic gap heat dissipation composite processing of the present invention is achieved through the multi-physical field space-time synergistic effect of the laser energy field, the ultrasonic vibration a3 energy field, and the micro-texture tool 4, wherein the thermal effect of the laser energy field and the dynamic heat dissipation effect of the ultrasonic vibration a3 energy field cooperate with thermal management to achieve local thermal softening of the material and suppress the temperature rise of the tool, improve the machinability of the material while suppressing tool wear, and the ultrasonic vibration a3 energy field and micro-texture cooperate with the dynamic gap strong time-varying heat dissipation a5 to utilize the periodic time-varying effect of the gap between the ultrasonic vibration a3 processing tool and the workpiece 1 to cooperate with the forced convection heat dissipation effect of the micro-texture groove as a directional heat dissipation channel to achieve together; in the composite processing, the processing temperature and the force, vibration, and shape of the processing process are also integrated and monitored.

[0032] Furthermore, the above-mentioned drive spindle assembly 5 can realize the translation of the servo spindle along the Y-axis, and the servo spindle can realize spindle locking, slow servo movement and conventional rotary movement, and can lock the workpiece 1, make the workpiece 1 perform servo movement during the processing, or make the workpiece 1 perform conventional rotary movement.

[0033] Furthermore, the servo workbench 12 can provide three-axis servo motion of the X-axis, Z-axis and rotary B-axis, wherein the X-axis and Z-axis servo motions can enable the laser processing composite device 2 and the ultrasonic vibration assisted processing device 3 to move synchronously to complete the processing feed, and the rotary B-axis can enable the tool to be accurately positioned at the micro-texture preparation station or the composite processing station.

[0034] Furthermore, the above-mentioned laser processing composite device 2 includes a micro-texturing processing laser source 13, an auxiliary heating laser source 16, a precision workbench 17, an optical path integration system 14, a focusing scanning system 15, etc., wherein the micro-texturing processing laser source 13 is a femtosecond pulse laser source, and the auxiliary heating laser source 16 is a nanosecond pulse laser source or a continuous laser source; the precision workbench 17 adjusts the macroscopic position of the laser beam by adjusting the position and angle of the optical path integration system 14 and the focusing scanning system 15; when preparing the micro-texturing tool 4, the optical path integration system 14 switches the optical path to the micro-texturing processing laser source 13 through the optical path switching micromirror 18, and reflects the laser beam emitted by the micro-texturing processing laser source 13 to the laser output optical path 19; during composite processing, the optical path is switched to the auxiliary heating laser source 16 through the optical path switching micromirror 18, and the laser beam emitted by the auxiliary heating laser source 16 is reflected to the laser output optical path 19; the focusing scanning system 15 adjusts the position of the output laser beam through the digital scanning galvanometer 20, and the focusing lens 21 is used to adjust the spot size of the laser beam.

[0035] Furthermore, the ultrasonic vibration-assisted processing device 3 can apply one-dimensional, two-dimensional or three-dimensional high-frequency vibration to the micro-textured tool 4 .

[0036] Furthermore, the driving spindle assembly 5 and the servo workbench 12 are also equipped with an acoustic emission sensor 6, a vibrometer 7, a high-speed camera 9, and an infrared temperature sensor 10 for monitoring the processing process and heat dissipation performance of the workpiece 1, and a dynamometer 11 is installed between the ultrasonic vibration-assisted processing device 3 and the servo workbench 12.

[0037] Furthermore, the surface microtexture parameters of the micro-texture tool 4 are designed according to the requirements of component processing and the performance requirements of friction reduction, heat dissipation and chip guiding during processing, wherein the surface microtexture parameters are the shape and preparation position of the surface microtexture, wherein the shape includes but is not limited to microgrooves, micropits, polygons, ellipses, arcs, and honeycombs, and the surface microtexture is a different cross-scale combination of the above shapes, wherein the heat dissipation guiding microtexture is a large-scale groove, and the preparation position of the surface microtexture is the front face of the tool or the back face of the tool; for the surface microtexture of the micro-texture tool 4, please refer to Figures 2 (a), 2 (b), 2 (c), 2 (d), and 2 (e); Figure 2 (a) shows a cross-scale microgroove texture b1; Figure 2 (b) shows a microgroove and ellipse composite texture b2; Figure 2 (c) shows a rhombus and ellipse composite texture b3; Figure 2 (d) shows a triangle, circle and ellipse composite texture b4; Figure 2 (e) shows an arc and microgroove composite texture b5.

[0038] Furthermore, the laser assisted heat processing parameters in the laser ultrasonic energy field synergistic assisted processing parameters can achieve the decoupling of the local thermal softening zone and the heat resistance of the micro-textured tool 4, and the ultrasonic vibration can cooperate with the micro-textured tool 4 to achieve multi-scale synergistic heat dissipation.

[0039] Furthermore, the above-mentioned laser ultrasonic collaborative texturing tool dynamic gap heat dissipation composite device is specifically implemented as follows: 1) According to the round rod end face shape characteristics of the workpiece 1, the processing configuration is determined as follows: the workpiece 1 is clamped on the drive spindle assembly 5, the laser processing composite device 2 and the ultrasonic vibration assisted processing device 3 are assembled on the servo workbench 12, wherein the ultrasonic vibration assisted processing device 3 is installed on the rotary B-axis of the servo workbench 12, and the micro-texture tool 4 is installed on the ultrasonic vibration assisted processing device 3. The surface micro-texture parameters of the designed tool are the cross-scale micro-groove texture b1, and the preparation position is the tool rake face.

[0040] 2) Install the micro-texture tool 4 on the ultrasonic vibration assisted processing device 3, and drive the rotary B axis of the servo workbench 12 to accurately position the tool at the micro-texture preparation station (see Figure 7 The position of the micro-texture tool 4 is located), the laser processing composite device 2 is adjusted to position the laser beam on the front cutting edge of the tool, the optical path is switched to make the femtosecond pulse laser source work, the laser power is set to 50W, the pulse width is 200fs, and the cross-scale micro-groove texture b1 is prepared on the front cutting edge of the tool by using the femtosecond pulse laser beam. During the preparation process, a high-speed camera 9 is used to monitor the preparation process of the micro-texture tool 4, and an infrared temperature sensor 10 is used to observe the temperature field distribution of the laser-processed micro-texture.

[0041] 3) Formulate the composite processing technology as follows: the workpiece 1 is clamped on the driving spindle assembly 5, the micro-texture tool 4 is installed on the ultrasonic vibration assisted processing device 3, the servo workbench 12 is adjusted to position the micro-texture tool 4 at the composite processing station and complete the tool setting (see Figure 8 At the position where the micro-texturing tool 4 is located), the laser processing composite device 2 and the ultrasonic vibration auxiliary processing device 3 are installed on the servo workbench 12 to realize synchronous feeding movement; the laser processing composite device 2 is regulated to make the auxiliary heating laser beam aim at the to-be-processed area of ​​the workpiece 1 for local laser thermal softening a2, and the distance between the auxiliary heating laser beam and the micro-texturing tool 4 is 1-10mm; at the same time, the ultrasonic vibration auxiliary processing device 3 makes the micro-texturing tool 4 perform ultrasonic vibration a3 to realize periodic intermittent processing; the driving spindle assembly 5 is locked, and the servo workbench 12 is driven to perform processing.

[0042] 4) Modulate the processing parameters of the nanosecond pulse laser beam of the laser processing composite device 2, set the laser power to 20 W, the pulse width to 100 ns, the spot diameter to 1 μm, and select the irradiation position to be 6 mm in front of the processing position of the micro-texture tool 4 to ensure that the area to be processed of the workpiece 1 is locally softened by heat, and no adverse thermal damage is caused to the micro-texture tool 4 and the processed surface; set the processing parameters of the ultrasonic vibration assisted processing device 3, the vibration frequency is 20 kHz, the amplitude is 10 μm, and the vibration dimension is one-dimensional longitudinal vibration, so as to match the parameters of the laser processing composite device 2 and the micro-texture tool 4 during the composite processing process, realize effective thermal softening of the material, utilize the high-frequency intermittent processing characteristics, decouple the laser thermal softening a2 effect and the heat resistance of the micro-texture tool 4, and perform multi-scale coordinated forced dynamic gap heat dissipation on the laser heat diffusion a1 and the processing heat generation a7.

[0043] 5) An acoustic emission sensor 6 is used to monitor the processing defects of the workpiece 1, a vibrometer 7 is used to monitor the ultrasonic vibration state a3 of the tool, a high-speed camera 9 is used to monitor the material removal process during the composite processing, an infrared temperature sensor 10 is used to monitor the heat dissipation performance during the composite processing, a dynamometer 11 is used to monitor the force signal during the composite processing, and multi-sensor fusion monitoring provides feedback guidance for the composite processing technology; the laser processing composite device 2, the ultrasonic vibration assisted processing device 3, the micro-texture tool 4, the drive spindle assembly 5 and the servo workbench 12 work together to perform composite processing, giving play to the synergistic effects of laser thermal softening a2 effect, ultrasonic time-varying intermittent heat dissipation a8 and micro-texture dredging heat dissipation a6, improving the material machinability and performing dynamic clearance strong time-varying heat dissipation a5 on the processing process, improving the processing quality and tool life, and realizing efficient and high-quality processing of difficult-to-process materials.

[0044] In the laser ultrasonic collaborative texturing tool dynamic gap heat dissipation composite processing device and method proposed in this embodiment, the laser energy field The multi-physical field space-time synergistic effect of the ultrasonic vibration a3 energy field and the micro-texture tool 4 realizes the composite processing of laser ultrasonic energy field and micro-texture tool 4 dynamic gap heat dissipation; wherein the thermal effect of the laser energy field and the dynamic heat dissipation effect of the ultrasonic vibration a3 energy field cooperate with the thermal management to realize local thermal softening of the material and suppress the temperature rise of the tool, improve the machinability of the material while suppressing the tool wear, and the ultrasonic vibration a3 energy field and micro-texture cooperate with the dynamic gap strong time-varying heat dissipation a5 to utilize the periodic time-varying effect of the gap between the ultrasonic vibration a3 processing tool and the workpiece 1 to cooperate with the forced convection heat dissipation effect of the micro-texture groove as a directional heat dissipation channel to achieve it together.

[0045] The laser ultrasonic collaborative texturing tool dynamic gap heat dissipation composite processing device and method proposed in this embodiment can be used for the manufacture of parts in high-end equipment such as aerospace and energy equipment. High-end equipment such as aerospace and energy equipment faces extreme service environment, high reliability, long life and other requirements. The core parts of the equipment have a surge in demand for high-temperature alloys, titanium alloys and other difficult-to-process materials with excellent performance. The material processing and removal process plays a core role in the manufacturing process of core parts. The increased tool wear and deterioration of surface integrity during the processing have become a bottleneck that seriously restricts the application of difficult-to-process materials. The manufacturing process of core parts of high-end equipment supported by high-quality and efficient cutting technology has extremely high requirements for processing technology and cutting tools. The laser ultrasonic collaborative texturing tool dynamic gap heat dissipation composite processing device and method proposed in this invention can ensure the high integrity and excellent service performance of the parts processing surface, improve production efficiency, and break through the high-quality and efficient processing technology problems of difficult-to-process materials that restrict the development of high-end manufacturing.

[0046] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention in other forms. Any technician familiar with the profession may use the above disclosed technical content to change or modify it into an equivalent embodiment with equivalent changes. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiment according to the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the technical solution of the present invention still belongs to the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser ultrasonic collaborative texturing tool dynamic gap heat dissipation composite processing method, characterized in that: as follows: Step 1) according to the material and shape characteristics of the parts to be processed, determine the configuration of the workpiece, the laser processing composite device, the ultrasonic vibration assisted processing device, and the micro-texture tool, and design the surface micro-texture parameters of the tool; Step 2) clamping the tool in an ultrasonic vibration assisted processing device, positioning the tool precisely at the micro-texture preparation station, and using a femtosecond laser of a laser processing composite device to prepare micro-texture on the tool surface; Step 3) clamping the workpiece, installing the micro-texture tool on the ultrasonic vibration assisted processing device, positioning the micro-texture tool at the composite processing station and completing the tool alignment, the laser processing composite device and the ultrasonic vibration assisted processing device follow, adjusting the laser processing composite device so that the auxiliary heating laser beam performs laser preheating and softening on the processing area and inhibits thermal damage, and the ultrasonic vibration assisted processing device causes the micro-texture tool to perform ultrasonic vibration to achieve periodic intermittent processing, and the processing tool passing process is performed to complete the composite processing.

2. A laser ultrasonic collaborative texturing tool dynamic gap heat dissipation composite processing device, characterized in that: include: A driving spindle assembly is used to fix the workpiece and drive the workpiece to realize the movement of the workpiece on the Y axis and the rotational movement around its own axis; A micro-textured tool mounted on an ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining device for cutting a workpiece; An ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining device mounted on a servo table having three-axis servo motion of an X-axis, a Z-axis and a rotary B-axis; A laser processing composite device is installed on the servo workbench, and the laser processing composite device includes a micro-texturing processing laser source, an auxiliary heating laser source, a precision workbench, an optical path integration system, and a focusing scanning system, wherein the precision workbench is used for macro-position control of the laser beam, the optical path integration system dynamically switches the optical path to the micro-texturing processing laser source or the auxiliary heating laser source according to processing requirements, and the focusing scanning system is used to focus the laser beam on the micro-texturing processing area of ​​the tool surface or the area to be processed of the workpiece.

3. The laser ultrasonic collaborative texturing tool dynamic gap heat dissipation composite processing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The driving spindle assembly comprises a Y-axis driving platform, a clamping device for fixing a workpiece and a servo spindle for driving the workpiece, wherein the clamping device is fixed to the output end of the servo spindle, and the servo spindle is fixed to the Y-axis driving platform.

4. The laser ultrasonic collaborative texturing tool dynamic gap heat dissipation composite processing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The X-axis and Z-axis servo motions of the servo workbench can enable the laser processing composite device and the ultrasonic vibration auxiliary processing device to synchronously complete the processing feed motion, and the rotating B axis can accurately position the tool at the micro-texture preparation station or the composite processing station.

5. The laser ultrasonic collaborative texturing tool dynamic gap heat dissipation composite processing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The micro-texturing laser source is a femtosecond pulse laser source, which is used to prepare micro-texture on the tool surface. The auxiliary heat laser source is a nanosecond pulse laser source or a continuous laser source, which is used for laser auxiliary heat softening of the workpiece during the composite processing process.

6. The laser ultrasonic collaborative texturing tool dynamic gap heat dissipation composite processing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ultrasonic vibration assisted processing device can apply one-dimensional high-frequency vibration, two-dimensional high-frequency vibration and three-dimensional high-frequency vibration to the micro-textured tool.

7. The laser ultrasonic collaborative texturing tool dynamic gap heat dissipation composite processing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The driving spindle assembly and the servo workbench are also equipped with infrared temperature sensors, dynamometers, vibrometers, acoustic emission sensors and high-speed cameras for monitoring the workpiece processing process and heat dissipation performance.

8. The laser ultrasonic collaborative texturing tool dynamic gap heat dissipation composite processing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ultrasonic vibration assisted processing device comprises a transducer, an amplitude change rod and a tool clamping mechanism, and is used for applying high-frequency vibration to the micro-texturing tool.

9. The laser ultrasonic collaborative texturing tool dynamic gap heat dissipation composite processing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The micro-texture on the micro-texture tool includes a heat dissipation guiding micro-texture and a friction reducing micro-texture; the size of the heat dissipation guiding micro-texture is larger than that of the friction reducing micro-texture.

10. The processing method of the laser ultrasonic collaborative texturing tool dynamic gap heat dissipation composite processing device according to any one of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that: The tool is clamped on the ultrasonic vibration assisted processing device, and a micro-texture is prepared on the surface of the tool by using a laser beam emitted by a micro-texture processing laser source of a laser processing composite device to form a micro-texture tool; The spindle assembly is driven to clamp the workpiece, so that the micro-texture tool is positioned at the composite processing station and the tool setting is completed. The servo worktable drives the laser processing composite device and the ultrasonic vibration auxiliary processing device to follow up. The laser processing composite device is adjusted so that the auxiliary heat laser beam preheats and softens the processing area and suppresses thermal damage. The ultrasonic vibration auxiliary processing device makes the micro-texture tool perform ultrasonic vibration to achieve periodic intermittent processing, and the processing tool path process is carried out to complete the composite processing.

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