Novel environment-friendly temperature-resistant anti-seismic building material and application

Abstract

The invention discloses a novel environment-friendly temperature-resistant anti-seismic building material and application, and the building material is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 23-36 parts of silicon carbide, 16-25 parts of silicon dioxide, 8-13 parts of sodium fluosilicate, 8-15 parts of magnesium sodium silicate, 5-10 parts of aluminum oxide, 10-15 parts of silicate, 10-20 parts of furnace ash, 4-8 parts of graphite and 28-35 parts of aluminum silicate fiber. 28-35 parts by weight of carbon fibers, 1-2 parts by weight of a diluent and 2-3 parts by weight of an adhesive agent; the cement is used in the building field to replace part or all of cement. The technical problem that an existing building material cannot resist earthquakes with large earthquake magnitudes and fire hazards at the same time can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of earthquake-resistant building materials, in particular to a new type of environmentally friendly, temperature-resistant and earthquake-resistant building material and its application. Background Art

[0002] Environmental protection, heat resistance and earthquake resistance of buildings are an important field of building science and technology. Environmental protection, heat resistance and earthquake resistance are also important components of building materials science. Environmental protection means that the materials used in engineering construction must be pollution-free and produce no released substances, especially at high temperatures. Heat resistance means that building materials can withstand high temperatures of 1500℃ for several hours without deformation, fracture, explosion or collapse. Earthquake resistance means that when a building encounters a strong impact, such as an earthquake, especially an earthquake with a large magnitude (generally referring to an earthquake of more than 8 degrees), the building will not collapse, bend or break. With the progress of society and the improvement of people's living standards, people have put forward higher requirements for the performance of buildings in resisting disasters such as fire and earthquakes.

[0003] Patent CN114477904A discloses a cement-based high-ductility earthquake-resistant material for earthquake-resistant reconstruction of village and town buildings and its preparation method. The earthquake-resistant material can greatly improve the earthquake resistance of self-built houses, as well as improve the waterproof and moisture-proof performance of houses, and extend the service life of buildings. Patent CN110372319A discloses a new type of building thermal insulation earthquake-resistant material and its preparation method. The building material has a small thermal conductivity and excellent waterproof and fireproof properties. However, most of the existing earthquake-resistant building materials focus on their earthquake resistance without taking into account the temperature resistance of the building materials. The existing building materials with temperature resistance also hardly take into account the earthquake resistance of the building materials. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the existing building materials so that they can simultaneously take into account excellent earthquake resistance and temperature resistance. Summary of the invention

[0004] To this end, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a new type of environmentally friendly, heat-resistant and earthquake-resistant building material and its application that takes into account both earthquake resistance and temperature resistance, so as to solve the technical problem that existing building materials cannot resist large-magnitude earthquakes and fire hazards at the same time.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A novel environmentally friendly, heat-resistant and earthquake-resistant building material is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 23-36 parts by weight of silicon carbide, 16-25 parts by weight of silicon dioxide, 8-13 parts by weight of sodium fluorosilicate, 8-15 parts by weight of sodium magnesium silicate (i.e. sodium magnesium lithium silicate), 5-10 parts by weight of aluminum oxide, 10-15 parts by weight of silicate, 10-20 parts by weight of furnace ash slag, 4-8 parts by weight of graphite, 28-35 parts by weight of aluminum silicate fiber, 28-35 parts by weight of carbon fiber, 1-2 parts by weight of diluent and 2-3 parts by weight of adhesive.

[0007] The new environmentally friendly, heat-resistant and earthquake-resistant building material comprises calcium silicate and / or magnesium silicate, acrylic acid as the diluent and polyester phosphate as the adhesive.

[0008] In the above-mentioned novel environmentally friendly heat-resistant and earthquake-resistant building material, the silicate is a mixture of calcium silicate and magnesium silicate in a mass ratio of 1:1. Compared with other types of silicates, the present invention adds calcium silicate and magnesium silicate in equal mass ratios to the above-mentioned novel environmentally friendly heat-resistant and earthquake-resistant building material, which can significantly improve the high temperature resistance limit of the building material, while the use of calcium silicate or magnesium silicate alone does not significantly improve the high temperature resistance limit of the building material.

[0009] The above-mentioned new environmentally friendly heat-resistant and earthquake-resistant building material, the carbon fiber is composed of short carbon fiber and long carbon fiber according to the mass ratio of 3:1; the diameter of the short carbon fiber is 3-5μm, the aspect ratio is 180-200:1; the diameter of the long carbon fiber is 8-10μm, the aspect ratio is 180-200:1. Carbon fiber can improve the bearing capacity and stability of buildings, and improve the earthquake resistance and fire resistance of building materials. The present invention can effectively improve the heat resistance and earthquake resistance of building materials by controlling the dosage ratio of short carbon fiber and long carbon fiber and selecting the appropriate carbon fiber diameter and aspect ratio.

[0010] The diameter of the aluminum silicate fiber in the above-mentioned new environmentally friendly heat-resistant and earthquake-resistant building material is 20 to 50 μm, and the aspect ratio is 80 to 100: 1. Compared with aluminum silicate fibers of other specifications, the aluminum silicate fibers of this specification can effectively play the role of enhancing the heat resistance and earthquake resistance of the building material in the new environmentally friendly heat-resistant and earthquake-resistant building material of the present invention.

[0011] The preparation method of the above-mentioned new environmentally friendly, heat-resistant and earthquake-resistant building material, aluminum silicate fiber, is as follows:

[0012] Step (1), crushing the gangue and then calcining it, and crushing and screening it after calcination to obtain gangue clinker;

[0013] Step (2), mixing and melting the gangue clinker, magnesium oxide and zirconium oxide to obtain a mixed melt;

[0014] Step (3), processing the mixed melt into inorganic fibers by centrifugal spinning process, namely aluminum silicate fibers.

[0015] The above-mentioned new environmentally friendly, heat-resistant and earthquake-resistant building material, in step (1), the particle size of the coal gangue after crushing is less than or equal to 5mm; the calcination temperature is 1200℃~1500℃, and the calcination time is 6~8h; the coal gangue clinker is passed through a 200-mesh sieve; in step (2), the mass ratio of coal gangue clinker, magnesium oxide and zirconium oxide is 100:(12~20):(3~5); the melting temperature is 2300℃~2500℃; magnesium oxide and zirconium oxide are both nano-grade powders.

[0016] The above-mentioned new environmentally friendly, heat-resistant and earthquake-resistant building material has a silicon carbide particle size of 200-300nm, a silicon dioxide particle size of 200-300nm, an aluminum oxide particle size of 200-300nm, a silicate particle size of 200-300nm, a slag particle size of 200-300nm, and a graphite particle size of 200-300nm.

[0017] The above-mentioned new environmentally friendly, heat-resistant and earthquake-resistant building material is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts by weight of silicon carbide, 20 parts by weight of silicon dioxide, 10 parts by weight of sodium fluorosilicate, 10 parts by weight of sodium magnesium silicate, 8 parts by weight of aluminum oxide, 12 parts by weight of silicate, 15 parts by weight of ash, 5 parts by weight of graphite, 30 parts by weight of aluminum silicate fiber, 30 parts by weight of carbon fiber, 1.5 parts by weight of diluent, and 2.5 parts by weight of adhesive.

[0018] The invention discloses an application of a new type of environmentally friendly heat-resistant and earthquake-resistant building material, wherein the new type of environmentally friendly heat-resistant and earthquake-resistant building material is used in the construction field to replace part or all of cement; when used alone, the mass ratio of the new type of environmentally friendly heat-resistant and earthquake-resistant building material to water is 1: (70-80).

[0019] The technical solution of the present invention achieves the following beneficial technical effects:

[0020] 1. In the novel environmentally friendly heat-resistant and earthquake-resistant building materials of the present invention, adding silicon carbide, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, silicate and graphite in a specific proportion can synergistically improve the high-temperature stability of the building materials with other components; adding aluminum silicate fiber and carbon fiber in a specific proportion can significantly improve the earthquake resistance of the novel environmentally friendly heat-resistant building materials of the present invention; and furnace ash slag, sodium fluorosilicate and sodium magnesium silicate as well as diluents and adhesives can work together with other components in the building materials of the present invention to improve the mechanical properties of the building materials. The novel environmentally friendly heat-resistant and earthquake-resistant building materials of the present invention are not only environmentally friendly, but also have excellent high temperature resistance and earthquake resistance.

[0021] 2. Buildings constructed with the new environmentally friendly heat-resistant and earthquake-resistant building materials of the present invention do not produce toxic gases or release toxic substances at a high temperature of 1500°C; and the steel structure of the building does not deform, break or explode at a high temperature of 1500°C for 5 hours. According to tests, buildings constructed with the new environmentally friendly heat-resistant and earthquake-resistant building materials of the present invention can withstand earthquakes with an intensity greater than 8 degrees, and the building life is greater than 100 years.

[0022] 3. Compared with the existing aluminum silicate fibers, the aluminum silicate fibers prepared by the process conditions of the present invention have a more significant comprehensive improvement in the heat resistance and seismic resistance of building materials. This may be because the aluminum silicate fibers and the carbon fibers in the present invention can interact with each other to form a uniform and stable fiber mesh, and when preparing the aluminum silicate fibers, the present invention adds a specific amount of magnesium oxide and zirconium oxide to improve the microstructure of the aluminum silicate fibers, so that the fiber mesh can provide a more "firm" attachment site for the other components in the building materials, thereby providing "space" for the synergistic effect of each component on the heat resistance and seismic resistance of the building materials. In addition, the fiber mesh formed by the interaction between aluminum silicate fibers and carbon fibers can effectively enhance the ductility and impact resistance of building materials; and, when the fiber mesh and the components of its network encounter high temperatures, they can interact at high temperatures to form a dense insulation layer, thereby significantly improving the high temperature resistance of building materials. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] Example 1

[0024] The new environmentally friendly, heat-resistant and earthquake-resistant building material of this embodiment is composed of the following components by weight: 30kg of silicon carbide, 20kg of silicon dioxide, 10kg of sodium fluorosilicate, 10kg of sodium magnesium silicate, 8kg of aluminum oxide, 12kg of silicate, 15kg of ash slag, 5kg of graphite, 30kg of aluminum silicate fiber, 30kg of carbon fiber, 1.5kg of diluent, and 2.5kg of adhesive.

[0025] In this embodiment, the silicate is a mixture of calcium silicate and magnesium silicate in a mass ratio of 1:1. The carbon fiber is composed of short carbon fiber and long carbon fiber in a mass ratio of 3:1; the diameter of the short carbon fiber is 3-5 μm, and the aspect ratio is 180-200:1; the diameter of the long carbon fiber is 8-10 μm, and the aspect ratio is 180-200:1. The diameter of the aluminum silicate fiber is 20-50 μm, and the aspect ratio is 80-100:1.

[0026] In this embodiment, the particle size of silicon carbide is 200-300nm, the particle size of silicon dioxide is 200-300nm, the particle size of aluminum oxide is 200-300nm, the particle size of silicate is 200-300nm, the particle size of ash slag is 200-300nm, and the particle size of graphite is 200-300nm; the diluent is acrylic acid, and the adhesive is water-based polyester phosphate; (in some other embodiments, the diluent and adhesive can also be other components that can improve the adhesion and mechanical properties of building materials).

[0027] The preparation method of aluminum silicate fiber in this embodiment is:

[0028] Step (1), crushing the coal gangue to a particle size of less than or equal to 5 mm and then calcining, the calcination temperature is 1200° C., and the calcination time is 8 hours; after the calcination is completed, crushing through a 200 mesh sieve to obtain coal gangue clinker;

[0029] Step (2), mixing and melting the gangue clinker, magnesium oxide and zirconium oxide in a mass ratio of 100:17:3 at a melting temperature of 2300° C. to obtain a mixed melt; both magnesium oxide and zirconium oxide are nano-sized powders;

[0030] Step (3), processing the mixed melt into inorganic fibers by centrifugal spinning process, namely aluminum silicate fibers.

[0031] The material prepared in this embodiment is a synthetic product. Construction can be carried out according to the proportion and use requirements of the present invention, and it is safe and convenient to use. The packaging form of this embodiment is 50kg / bag; when used, the mass ratio of the new environmentally friendly heat-resistant and earthquake-resistant building material to water is 1:70; in some other embodiments, it can also be mixed with cement according to actual construction requirements.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the aluminum silicate fiber is commercially available aluminum silicate fiber. The composition and source of other raw materials are the same as those in embodiment 1.

[0034] Example 3

[0035] The only difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the carbon fibers are all short carbon fibers with a diameter of 3 to 5 μm and an aspect ratio of 180 to 200: 1. The composition and sources of other raw materials are the same as those in embodiment 1.

[0036] Example 4

[0037] The only difference between this embodiment and embodiment 3 is that the aluminum silicate fiber is commercially available aluminum silicate fiber. The composition and source of other raw materials are the same as those in embodiment 3.

[0038] Example 5

[0039] The only difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the carbon fibers are all composed of long carbon fibers with a diameter of 8 to 10 μm and an aspect ratio of 180 to 200: 1. The composition and sources of other raw materials are the same as those in embodiment 1.

[0040] Example 6

[0041] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 5 is that the aluminum silicate fiber is commercially available aluminum silicate fiber. The composition and source of other raw materials are the same as those in embodiment 5.

[0042] The performance tests were conducted on the new environmentally friendly, heat-resistant and earthquake-resistant building materials of Examples 1 to 6. The specific results are shown in the following table:

[0043] Table 1

[0044]

[0045] In Table 1, the thermal conductivity after high temperature refers to the test under the condition of 1500° C. for 5 hours. As can be seen from Table 1, the new environmentally friendly temperature-resistant and earthquake-resistant building material of the present invention has both excellent high temperature resistance and earthquake resistance.

[0046] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for the purpose of clear explanation, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. The obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the claims of this patent application.

Claims

1. A new type of environmentally friendly, heat-resistant and earthquake-resistant building material, characterized in that: The invention is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 23-36 parts by weight of silicon carbide, 16-25 parts by weight of silicon dioxide, 8-13 parts by weight of sodium fluorosilicate, 8-15 parts by weight of sodium magnesium silicate, 5-10 parts by weight of aluminum oxide, 10-15 parts by weight of silicate, 10-20 parts by weight of ash slag, 4-8 parts by weight of graphite, 28-35 parts by weight of aluminum silicate fiber, 28-35 parts by weight of carbon fiber, 1-2 parts by weight of diluent and 2-3 parts by weight of adhesive.

2. The new environmentally friendly, heat-resistant and earthquake-resistant building material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The silicate is calcium silicate and / or magnesium silicate, the diluent is acrylic acid, and the adhesive is polyester phosphate.

3. The new environmentally friendly, heat-resistant and earthquake-resistant building material according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The silicate is a mixture of calcium silicate and magnesium silicate in a mass ratio of 1:

1.

4. The new environmentally friendly, heat-resistant and earthquake-resistant building material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The carbon fiber is composed of short carbon fiber and long carbon fiber in a mass ratio of 3:1; the diameter of the short carbon fiber is 3-5 μm, and the aspect ratio is 180-200:1; the diameter of the long carbon fiber is 8-10 μm, and the aspect ratio is 180-200:

1.

5. The new environmentally friendly, heat-resistant and earthquake-resistant building material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The diameter of the aluminum silicate fiber is 20 to 50 μm, and the aspect ratio is 80 to 100:

1.

6. The new environmentally friendly, heat-resistant and earthquake-resistant building material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The preparation method of aluminum silicate fiber is as follows: Step (1), crushing the gangue and then calcining it, and crushing and screening it after calcination to obtain gangue clinker; Step (2), mixing and melting the gangue clinker, magnesium oxide and zirconium oxide to obtain a mixed melt; Step (3), processing the mixed melt into inorganic fibers by centrifugal spinning process, namely aluminum silicate fibers.

7. The new environmentally friendly, heat-resistant and earthquake-resistant building material according to claim 6 is characterized in that: In step (1), the particle size of the coal gangue after crushing is less than or equal to 5 mm; the calcination temperature is 1200° C. to 1500° C., and the calcination time is 6 to 8 hours; the coal gangue clinker is sieved through a 200-mesh sieve; in step (2), the mass ratio of the coal gangue clinker, magnesium oxide and zirconium oxide is 100:(12 to 20):(3 to 5); the melting temperature is 2300° C. to 2500° C.; and both magnesium oxide and zirconium oxide are nano-grade powders.

8. The novel environmentally friendly, heat-resistant and earthquake-resistant building material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The particle size of silicon carbide is 200 to 300 nm, the particle size of silicon dioxide is 200 to 300 nm, the particle size of aluminum oxide is 200 to 300 nm, the particle size of silicate is 200 to 300 nm, the particle size of ash slag is 200 to 300 nm, and the particle size of graphite is 200 to 300 nm.

9. The new environmentally friendly, heat-resistant and earthquake-resistant building material according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The invention is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts by weight of silicon carbide, 20 parts by weight of silicon dioxide, 10 parts by weight of sodium fluorosilicate, 10 parts by weight of sodium magnesium silicate, 8 parts by weight of aluminum oxide, 12 parts by weight of silicate, 15 parts by weight of ash slag, 5 parts by weight of graphite, 30 parts by weight of aluminum silicate fiber, 30 parts by weight of carbon fiber, 1.5 parts by weight of diluent and 2.5 parts by weight of adhesive.

10. Application of a new type of environmentally friendly, heat-resistant and earthquake-resistant building material, characterized in that: The new environmentally friendly heat-resistant and earthquake-resistant building material as claimed in claim 1 is used in the construction field to replace part or all of the cement; when used alone, the mass ratio of the new environmentally friendly heat-resistant and earthquake-resistant building material to water is 1: (70-80).

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