Basement outer wall waterproof structure and construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses a basement outer wall waterproof structure which comprises a basement side wall poured on a bottom plate, the basement side wall comprises an inner wall and an outer wall which are parallel and spaced, and a soil filling layer is arranged in a closed space formed between the inner wall and the outer wall; the multiple capillary drainage pipes are arranged in the soil filling layer in parallel at intervals, and one end of each capillary drainage pipe penetrates out of the interior wall into the basement; the outer wall waterproof layer is laid on the outer side of the outer wall, the outer wall waterproof structure adopts a waterproof strategy of combining outer blocking, inner drainage, passive water blocking and active drainage, the inner wall has good impermeability, the invention further discloses a construction method of the basement outer wall waterproof structure, and under the condition that the site construction difficulty is not increased, the outer wall waterproof layer can be laid on the outer side of the outer wall. And on-site construction of the waterproof structure is effectively completed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of underground building waterproofing, and more specifically, to a basement exterior wall waterproofing structure and a construction method. Background Art

[0002] Basement exterior wall waterproofing technology is a crucial link in building waterproofing projects. Its core goal is to resist the erosion of groundwater, rainwater, and soil seepage, prevent structural leakage, steel corrosion, and concrete deterioration, thereby ensuring the safety and durability of the building. With the acceleration of urbanization, the depth and complexity of underground space development are constantly increasing. Traditional waterproofing technology faces many challenges, which promotes the continuous innovation of waterproof structure design and construction technology.

[0003] At present, due to the objective situation that the sealing of prefabricated structures is not good, the construction of the exterior walls of basements still remains in the practice of cast-in-place concrete. For the waterproofing measures of the side walls of the basements, the main mode of self-waterproofing of the side wall structure and waterproof coatings and waterproof membranes is adopted. In this waterproofing method, three-section water-stop bolts are generally used as template tension members when supporting the side wall formwork. After the side wall concrete reaches the design strength, the external formwork and the exposed water-stop bolt ends are cut off, and polyurethane waterproof coatings are applied. Then, the waterproof membrane is constructed on the side wall. The waterproof membrane of the side wall is installed according to the waterproofing operation. The standard overlap between the top and bottom plates is the most mature traditional method, but the effect is also average. First of all, under long-term work, the waterproof membrane is very likely to deform, open, and puncture, which will cause water to leak between the waterproof membrane and the outer wall of the basement. In addition, because the concrete is working with cracks, the water between the waterproof membrane and the outer wall of the basement enters the basement through the cracks. At this time, drainage cannot be organized in the basement, and grouting can only be done on the cracks in the wall. The cost is extremely high and the plugging effect is poor. Basically, the leakage point continues to leak after a period of time.

[0004] The second reason for leakage caused by traditional waterproofing methods is the position of the tension bolts when supporting the formwork. Even if a three-section waterstop bolt with a waterstop plate in the middle is used in the basement project, after long-term use, the water accumulated between the exterior wall and the exterior wall waterproof layer may still penetrate inward along the tiny gap between the waterstop bolt and the concrete. This is also the cause of leakage on the exterior wall of the basement that is difficult to treat and cure.

[0005] At present, active drainage measures such as gravel blind ditches are also used in general basement waterproofing projects. Generally, drainage channels such as gravel blind ditches are set up in the lower part of the basement structure to organize drainage to a certain extent. However, the effect of setting up gravel blind ditches on preventing leakage of basement side walls is extremely limited, and with the use of time, the gravel blind ditch is also prone to blockage and failure.

[0006] In recent years, organized drainage has been gradually applied to some deep foundation pit projects as a measure that can actively relieve accumulated water. Technical personnel have proposed and implemented the technical concept of organizing drainage outside the basement wall using the capillary principle. For example, in some subway tunnel projects, a capillary drainage belt is set between the ground-connected wall and the outer wall of the structure to organize drainage. In this way, the water that passes through the ground-connected wall is guided out by the capillary drainage belt and can be effectively discharged without causing leakage of the outer wall of the structure. However, this type of technology is currently only applicable to projects with ground-connected walls. The ground-connected wall is a wall retaining structure set up around the foundation pit. It is commonly found in deep foundation pit projects such as comprehensive pipe corridors and subway tunnels. For conventional residential and commercial buildings, which often use retaining and water-stopping forms such as slope reduction and water-stopping piles, it is unrealistic to set up a ground-connected wall and a capillary drainage system between the wall and the basement. There are three main reasons for this. First, the construction cost of the ground-connected wall is The cost performance of ground-connected walls is extremely low. Second, in deep foundation pit projects that use double walls and organized drainage, the ground-connected wall is an early construction structure and is set from the ground surface to the bottom of the trench. The process of this type of project is to use the ground-connected wall as the base surface to first carry out waterproofing or organized drainage construction, and then build the main structure of the basement. In conventional projects, the normal process is to first construct the main structure of the basement, then waterproofing construction, and then backfilling and other operations. The process is completely opposite to this solution and is difficult to implement. Third, in conventional non-deep foundation pit projects, even if another wall is added to the outside of the basement outer wall and then organized drainage is set between the two walls, considering that the height of the wall cannot reach ±0 when used in the surface space, the wall not only cannot form an effective water retaining effect, but must rely on other structures to exist, and is completely uneconomical and unfeasible. In summary, in projects that do not use ground-connected walls, the double wall plus organized drainage solution faces many practical engineering problems.

[0007] In the case of conventional basement projects without ready-made continuous walls, if the method of organized drainage is adopted, in addition to failing to achieve the ideal active drainage effect, it will also lead to a significant increase in construction period and cost. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a new basement exterior wall waterproofing structure that can be integrated into the existing conventional basement process with low additional cost. Combined with the dual design concepts of active organized drainage and passive water retaining in the basement, the problem of leakage of the basement side wall is eliminated. Summary of the invention

[0008] One object of the present invention is to provide a basement exterior wall waterproofing structure and construction method, which can effectively achieve an effective combination of passive water retaining and active drainage of the wall by coordinating prefabricated components that are cast once and external waterproofing. The construction process is well combined with existing conventional processes, the cost is controllable, and the anti-leakage effect is excellent.

[0009] In order to achieve these purposes and other advantages according to the present invention, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a basement exterior wall waterproof structure, including: a basement side wall, which is cast on a base plate, the basement side wall includes parallel and spaced inner walls and outer walls, and a fill layer is provided in a closed space formed between the inner wall and the outer wall; a plurality of capillary drain pipes, the plurality of capillary drain pipes are spaced and parallelly arranged in the fill layer, and one end of the capillary drain pipe passes through the inner wall into the basement; an exterior wall waterproof layer, which is laid on the outer side of the exterior wall.

[0010] Preferably, a plurality of connecting columns are arranged at intervals between the inner wall and the outer wall, the inner wall, the outer wall and the plurality of connecting columns are cast integrally, a fill layer is arranged between any two adjacent connecting columns, and each of the fill layers is provided with more than one capillary drainage pipe.

[0011] Preferably, it also includes a plurality of prefabricated pipes arranged in a row at intervals, wherein the prefabricated pipes are vertically placed on the bottom plate, and the height of the prefabricated pipes is not lower than the height of the basement side walls, wherein when the basement side walls are poured with concrete, the reinforced concrete located on the side of the plurality of prefabricated pipes facing the basement forms the inner wall, the reinforced concrete located on the side of the plurality of prefabricated pipes facing the backfill soil forms the outer wall, and the reinforced concrete poured in the space between any two adjacent prefabricated pipes forms a connecting column, and a fill layer is provided in the prefabricated pipe, and the capillary drainage pipe of the fill layer passes through the prefabricated pipe and the inner wall in sequence into the basement.

[0012] Preferably, the prefabricated pipe is a square concrete pipe, and a plurality of bolts are arranged in a matrix on the four surfaces outwardly, the tails of the bolts are embedded in the prefabricated pipe, and the heads of the plurality of bolts are respectively embedded in the inner wall, outer wall and connecting column according to their positions installed in the prefabricated pipe.

[0013] Preferably, the tail end of the bolt is flush with the inner wall of the prefabricated tube.

[0014] Preferably, it also includes a first counter-ridge and a second counter-ridge cast together with the base plate, the inner wall is cast on the second counter-ridge and has the same width as the second counter-ridge, the outer wall is cast on the first counter-ridge and has the same width as the first counter-ridge, and a plurality of prefabricated tubes are arranged between the first counter-ridge and the second counter-ridge, and the spacing between the first counter-ridge and the second counter-ridge is equal to the width of the prefabricated tube.

[0015] Preferably, the capillary drainage pipe is composed of a base layer, a hygroscopic layer and a filter layer from the inside to the outside, the base layer is a column or a tube, the outer wall of the base layer is radially provided with circumferentially arranged capillary waterways, the base layer is tightly wrapped with a hygroscopic layer, and the hygroscopic layer is tightly wrapped with a filter layer, wherein particulate matter in the fill layer cannot pass through the filter layer.

[0016] Preferably, the basement side walls and the basement top plate are cast together, the top surface of the basement side walls is flush with the top surface of the top plate, the top of the fill layer is lower than the top of the prefabricated pipe, and a pressure top is formed by secondary casting on the fill layer inside the prefabricated pipe, and the top surface of the pressure top is flush with the top surface of the top plate.

[0017] Preferably, two groups of fixing plates are symmetrically arranged on the outer wall of the prefabricated pipe, and the two groups of fixing plates are respectively close to the inner and outer surfaces of the basement side wall. The fixing plates are sleeved and fixed with tension bolts, and the other ends of the tension bolts pass through the surface of the adjacent basement side wall.

[0018] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a construction method for a basement exterior wall waterproof structure, which is applied to the above-mentioned basement exterior wall waterproof structure and comprises the following steps: S1. Producing a number of the prefabricated pipes in a prefabrication plant and transporting them to the site; S2. After the foundation pit is inspected, a cushion layer is constructed, and a bottom plate waterproof layer is laid on the cushion layer, and the bottom plate is constructed on the bottom plate waterproof layer; S3, placing the prefabricated pipes on the bottom plate at intervals and fixing them; S4. Tie the outer wall steel bars and the inner wall steel bars, and fix the water stop sleeves in the inner wall steel bars. Each fixed water stop sleeve corresponds to a prefabricated pipe. S5, erecting formwork on both sides of the basement side wall, and connecting and anchoring two sets of fixing plates to the formwork on the adjacent side with tension bolts; S6. Set up the supporting formwork for the top plate and tie up the reinforcement for the top plate; S7. Cast the top slab and basement side walls in the same batch; S8. After the concrete strength of the basement side wall and top slab reaches the design strength, the capillary drainage pipe is inserted from the water-stop sleeve into the prefabricated pipe and hung from the basement. The top of the capillary drainage pipe is protected by water insulation and is set at the preset height of the fill layer. S9, filling soil into the prefabricated pipe and compacting it layer by layer to form a filling layer; S10, pouring concrete on the fill layer to form a capping; S11. Complete the construction of the exterior wall waterproofing layer according to standard waterproofing practices.

[0019] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: First, the basement side wall of the present invention is a double-layer wall with an internal cavity interlayer. The bottom plate, outer wall, top plate and overlapping measures can be constructed according to conventional process methods. The intensity and difficulty of on-site construction work are kept on par with existing process methods. In addition, since the internal cavity is filled with a filling layer formed by soil, a capillary drainage pipe is arranged in the filling layer to organize drainage. Even if the waterproof layer of the wall outside the basement side wall fails, the seepage water will first enter the filling layer and spread out, and be discharged by the capillary drainage pipe in the filling layer. Even if cracks appear in the inner wall, no water can seep in, and naturally no leakage occurs. The present invention innovatively proposes how to organically combine the existing waterproofing method with the capillary drainage method in the conventional basement exterior wall waterproofing work, and adopts the concept of combining blocking and drainage for building leakage prevention, avoiding the technical pain point that the basement exterior wall waterproofing can only be passively blocked after failure; Second, in the technical solution of the present invention, a process of pouring the basement side wall in one time with prefabricated pipes is adopted. The prefabricated pipes are processed in the factory and arranged in rows on site by conventional hoisting and positioning means. The two sides of the prefabricated pipes are used to set the steel bars of the inner wall and the outer wall. After the mold is sealed, the basement side wall can be formed in one time, and the prefabricated pipes and the basement side wall become one body. In this way, the effect of a double-layer wall can be effectively formed without affecting the construction period. Third, in the technical solution of the present invention, the inner wall, the outer wall and the connecting column are cast and formed at one time, the outer wall directly bears the earth pressure of the outer backfill soil, and the force is further shared to the inner wall through the integrally formed connecting column. The connecting column actually plays the role of a bearing force or a keel. The side wall of the basement forms a coordinated force of the outer wall, the inner wall and the connecting column. When the same amount of concrete is used, the basement side wall of the present invention has better anti-earth pressure performance; Fourth, in the technical solution of the present invention, the bolts on the prefabricated pipe have three functions. First, they are to strengthen the reinforcement ratio of the inner wall, the outer wall and the connecting column. Secondly, the bolts can be used as binding support points for the inner wall steel bars and the outer wall steel bars, which is convenient for on-site construction. Finally, the bolts of the present invention are designed to have the tail ends flush with the inner wall of the prefabricated pipe. The purpose is that if the outer wall waterproof layer fails, the groundwater will penetrate the outer wall and preferentially penetrate into the fill layer from the gap between the outer periphery of the bolts and the prefabricated pipe, instead of continuing to develop toward the inner wall.

[0020] Fifth, in the technical solution of the present invention, two sets of independent fixing plates are arranged on the prefabricated pipe. When sealing the template of the basement side wall, two sets of independent tension bolts are used. A tension relationship is formed between the templates on the corresponding sides of one set of fixing plates, which solves the problem that the tension bolts must penetrate the wall to pull the templates on both sides in the conventional formwork system, thereby possibly forming a tiny seepage channel penetrating the inside and outside of the wall; Sixth, in the technical solution of the present invention, a design is adopted in which more than one capillary drainage pipe is configured in each prefabricated pipe. The filter layer in the capillary drainage pipe can use geotextile to isolate the sand and gravel of the fill layer, and the hygroscopic layer is used to quickly absorb the surrounding moisture and release it. The capillary suction effect of the capillary waterway itself is utilized to promote the active absorption of moisture in the fill layer by the hygroscopic layer, actively absorb the moisture in the fill layer into the capillary channel, and discharge it into the basement along the pipe. The basement can effectively organize the drainage design.

[0021] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be embodied in part through the following description, and in part will be understood by those skilled in the art through study and practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a structural waterproof system in a technical solution of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic cross-sectional diagram of a basement side wall in a technical solution of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic side section diagram of a basement side wall in a technical solution of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a technical solution of the present invention after the bottom plate construction is completed; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of prefabricated pipe installation in a technical solution of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the completion of the inner and outer wall reinforcement binding in a technical solution of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a basement side wall before pouring in a technical solution of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a basement side wall after formwork removal in a technical solution of the present invention; Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the construction process of the basement side wall in a technical solution of the present invention Figure 1 , where (a) is a side view after the bottom plate is poured, and (b) is a side view after the prefabricated pipes are placed; Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the construction process of the basement side wall in a technical solution of the present invention Figure 2 , where (c) is a schematic diagram of the inner and outer wall after reinforcement binding, and (d) is a schematic diagram after formwork support; Fig.11 This is an enlarged view of node A in a technical solution of the present invention; Fig.12 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a node A in a technical solution of the present invention; Fig.13This is a schematic diagram of a prefabricated pipe structure in a technical solution of the present invention; Fig.14 It is a schematic diagram of the inner cross section of a prefabricated tube in a technical solution of the present invention; Fig.15 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a capillary drainage pipe in a technical solution of the present invention; Fig.16 It is a schematic diagram of a capillary drainage pipe in a technical solution of the present invention.

[0023] Description of the drawings: 1-basement side wall, 101-bottom plate, 102-top plate, 1010-cushion, 1011-first anti-ridge, 1012-second anti-ridge, 11-external wall, 111-external wall reinforcement, 12-inner wall, 121-inner wall reinforcement, 13-support wall, 2-external wall waterproof layer, 21-bottom plate waterproof layer, 22-top plate waterproof layer, 23-protective layer, 20-backfill soil, 3 -capillary drainage pipe, 31-matrix, 310-capillary waterway, 32-hygroscopic layer, 33-filtration layer, 4-prefabricated square tube, 41-bolt, 42-fixing plate, 420-fixing hole, 421-anchor section, 43-square tube steel cage, 44-waterstop ring, 5-fill layer, 51-top pressure, 6-formwork, 7-tension bolt, 71-waterstop plate, 8-waterstop casing, 9-waterstop steel plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention with reference to the description.

[0025] It should be understood that the terms such as “having”, “including” and “comprising” used herein do not exclude the existence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.

[0026] It should be noted that the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents and materials can be obtained from commercial sources unless otherwise specified; in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "set" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, they can be fixedly connected, set, or detachably connected, set, or connected and set in one piece. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific circumstances. The orientation or position relationship indicated by the terms "lateral", "longitudinal", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc. is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention.

[0027] like Figures 1 to 16 As shown, the present invention provides a basement exterior wall waterproof structure, including: a basement side wall 1, which is cast on a bottom plate 101, the basement side wall 1 includes a parallel and spaced inner wall 12 and an outer wall 11, and a fill layer 5 is arranged in a closed space formed between the inner wall 12 and the outer wall 11; a plurality of capillary drain pipes 3, the plurality of capillary drain pipes 3 are spaced and parallelly arranged in the fill layer 5, and one end of the capillary drain pipe 3 passes through the inner wall 12 into the basement; an exterior wall waterproof layer 2, which is laid on the outer side of the exterior wall 11. In the present technical solution, before the casting construction of the bottom plate 101, it is necessary to prepare a cushion layer 1010 and a bottom plate waterproof layer 21 according to the conventional construction process, wherein the bottom plate waterproof layer 21 should extend out of the basement side wall 1 for subsequent connection with the bottom plate waterproof layer 21. The outer wall waterproof layer 2 forms an overlap operation, and a continuous water-stop steel plate 9 is set at the joint between the bottom plate 101 and the basement side wall 1 to avoid the risk of water seepage in the gap. Before pouring the basement side wall 1, it is necessary to first complete the binding of the inner wall steel bars 121 and the outer wall steel bars 111. The gap between the inner wall 12 and the outer wall 11 can be filled with extruded boards, rigid formworks and other materials. When pouring concrete, the basement side wall 1 and the basement top plate can be poured together or separately. In addition to meeting the normal concrete structure construction requirements, the pouring process also needs to ensure that the interval space between the inner wall 12 and the outer wall 11 is not capped. When the inner wall 12 and the outer wall 11 reach a certain strength, the temporary filler or rigid formwork between the two walls is taken out.

[0028] In the present technical solution, the capillary drain pipe 3 is a multi-layer pipe body structure with a certain degree of flexibility. The outermost layer is used to prevent the sand and gravel in the backfill layer 5 from entering. The inner layer of the capillary drain pipe 3 is provided with a number of radial capillary water passages. When the steel bars of the inner wall 12 are tied, it is necessary to bury the water-stop sleeve 8 in advance, wherein the two ends of the water-stop sleeve 8 are respectively located in the basement and in the interval space between the inner wall 12 and the outer wall 11. The middle part of the water-stop sleeve 8 is provided with a water-stop wing ring embedded in the inner wall 12. After the temporary filler or template between the inner wall 12 and the outer wall 11 is taken out, the capillary drain pipe 3 is passed through the water-stop sleeve 8 from the basement, and the end of the capillary drain pipe 3 is lifted between the inner wall 12 and the outer wall 11. And fixed, the end of the capillary drain pipe 3 remains in the basement, the gap between the capillary drain pipe 3 and the water stop sleeve 8 can be filled with polyurethane waterproof material or foam waterproof material for sealing. After completing this step, fill the space between the inner wall 12 and the outer wall 11 with soil. The filling process must first ensure that it does not affect the positioning of the capillary drain pipe 3. Secondly, it is necessary to press as you fill to ensure that the filling layer 5 is dense. When the elevation of the filling layer 5 is greater than the top end of the capillary drain pipe 3, concrete can be poured on the top of the filling layer 5 to completely close the gap between the inner wall 12 and the outer wall 11. Optionally, for the end of the capillary drain pipe 3 located in the filling layer 5, a closed waterproof operation can be performed to avoid drainage when constructing the concrete on the top of the filling layer 5.

[0029] In the present technical scheme, after the inner wall 12 and the outer wall 11 are sealed, the existing bottom plate-outer wall-top plate waterproofing method is used for construction. The outer wall waterproof layer 2 and the top plate waterproof layer 22 use commercial waterproof membranes such as SBS modified asphalt waterproof membranes and root-resistant waterproof membranes that are easily available on the market. The bottom plate waterproof layer 21 uses commercial waterproof membranes such as pre-laid reverse-adhesive waterproof membranes. The lap length between adjacent membranes and the setting of additional layers are carried out in accordance with the existing underground structure waterproofing construction specifications. After qualified acceptance, a protective layer 23 made of extruded board or rock wool board is hung, and backfill is carried out on the outside of the protective layer 23. In the present technical scheme, the basement side wall 1 adopts passive waterproofing measures of membrane waterproofing. When the outer wall waterproof layer 2 partially fails and water enters, the groundwater first enters the filling layer 5 through the outer wall 11, and is discharged into the basement in an organized manner by the capillary drainage pipe 3 in the filling layer 5, and the inner wall 12 will not leak.

[0030] The industry assumes that concrete structure is a working structure with cracks. Any concrete will have microscopic cracks that can form water-permeable channels. In existing actual projects, even if micro-expansive concrete, self-compacting concrete and other materials are used to construct the basement exterior wall, leakage caused by cracks in the exterior wall cannot be eliminated or avoided by adding water stop plates and other measures. As for the waterproofing of the basement, since the waterproof membrane is difficult to fit tightly with the exterior wall of the basement under long-term work, basically as long as there is a tiny damage point, in some cases Water will leak between the side wall waterproofing and the basement outer wall, resulting in large-area wall leakage. However, this technical solution adopts the dual measures of passive water blocking and active drainage. Even if the groundwater passes through the outer wall 11, it will first enter the fill layer 5. When the water develops in the fill layer 5 to the periphery of the capillary drainage pipe 3, it will pass through the outer layer of the capillary drainage pipe 3 and drain into the basement along the capillary water channel inside. In the basement, the drainage from each capillary drainage pipe 3 can be organized and guided to the municipal sewer through measures such as connecting pipes. This technical solution has three advantages: First, the double-wall inner filling mode is adopted in this technical solution. The filling layer 5 inside the basement side wall 1 is compacted, which can provide additional lateral rigidity and enhance the overall shear resistance. Compared with the traditional single-wall structure or two separate and unrelated wall structures, this design disperses stress concentration and reduces the risk of lateral deformation through the synergistic effect of rigid walls and flexible filling; Second, when the external wall waterproof layer 2 partially fails, groundwater infiltrates into the fill layer 5 through the external wall 11. The low permeability of the fill layer causes the water to flow to the pre-buried capillary drainage pipe 3 and concentrate. Through the radial capillary water passage of the capillary drainage pipe 3, the irregular external wall leakage is converted into directional organized drainage, thus avoiding water pressure accumulation leading to leakage of the internal wall 12. Third, each capillary drainage pipe 3 is independently inserted into the basement, and its tail end is exposed to the indoor space. When the external wall waterproof layer of a certain area fails, the leaking water will be discharged through the capillary drainage pipe 3 at the corresponding position. The maintenance personnel can quickly locate the waterproof failure area by observing the leakage position of the drainage pipe, without the need for large-scale excavation and detection, which greatly reduces the maintenance cost and time.

[0031] In another technical solution, a plurality of connecting columns 13 are arranged at intervals between the inner wall 12 and the outer wall 11, and the inner wall 12, the outer wall 11 and the plurality of connecting columns 13 are cast as one piece, and a backfill layer 5 is arranged between any two adjacent connecting columns 13, and each of the backfill layers 5 is provided with one or more capillary drainage pipes 3. In this technical solution, when casting the basement side wall 1, rectangular steel formworks arranged at intervals, extruded boards stacked in a rectangular shape and other materials can be used, which are arranged in the wall body along with the steel bar binding and formwork process of the basement side wall 1, and then uniformly inserted into the formwork. By pouring, an integrated inner wall 12, outer wall 11 and connecting column 13 can be formed. After that, the steel formwork or extruded board can be taken out to form a number of spaced cavities for filling. The connecting column 13 transfers the force of the outer wall 11 to the inner wall 12, and the lateral stiffness of the basement side wall 1 is further improved. Longitudinal steel bars can be arranged in the connecting column 13. It should be noted that when supporting the formwork, it is necessary to avoid the formwork tension bolts directly passing from the outer wall 11 through the connecting column 13 to the inner wall 12, so as to avoid the formation of a water seepage channel directly connecting the outer wall-connecting column 13-inner wall 12.

[0032] In another technical solution, it also includes a plurality of prefabricated pipes 4 arranged in a row at intervals, the prefabricated pipes 4 are vertically placed on the bottom plate 101, and the height of the prefabricated pipes 4 is not lower than the height of the basement side wall 1, wherein, when the basement side wall 1 is poured with concrete, the reinforced concrete on the side of the plurality of prefabricated pipes 4 facing the basement forms the inner wall 12, and the reinforced concrete on the side of the plurality of prefabricated pipes 4 facing the backfill 20 forms the outer wall 11, and the reinforced concrete poured in the space between any two adjacent prefabricated pipes 4 forms a connecting column 13, and a backfill layer 5 is provided in the prefabricated pipe 4. The capillary drainage pipe 3 of the soil layer 5 passes through the prefabricated pipe 4 and the inner wall 12 in turn to enter the basement. In the present technical solution, the prefabricated pipe 4 is a finished concrete structure produced in a prefabricated component processing plant, and its wall thickness is between 20 mm and 40 mm, which meets the force requirements for lifting and can be self-erected on the base plate 101. A water stop ring 44 is provided at the bottom of the prefabricated pipe 4, and the middle wing plate of the water stop ring 44 is clamped in the prefabricated pipe 4. The water stop ring 44 can be made of steel structure and welded to the end of the water stop sleeve 8 when the steel bars of the inner wall 12 are subsequently tied. The capillary drainage pipe 3 enters the prefabricated pipe 4 from the basement through the water stop sleeve 8 and the water stop ring 44.

[0033] In another technical solution, the prefabricated pipe 4 is a square concrete pipe, and a plurality of bolts 41 are arranged in a matrix on its four surfaces facing outward. The tail of the bolt 41 is embedded in the prefabricated pipe 4, and the heads of the bolts 41 are respectively embedded in the inner wall 12, the outer wall 11 and the connecting column 13 according to the positions where they are installed in the prefabricated pipe 4. In this technical solution, before the prefabricated pipe 4 is cast in the factory, it is necessary to tie the square tube steel cage 4, and the bolts 41 are tied to the square tube steel cage 4 in a matrix. Optionally, the threaded sleeve can also be tied to the square tube steel cage 4, and after the prefabricated pipe 4 is placed, the threaded bolt 41 is screwed into the matching threaded sleeve. The bolt 41 not only facilitates the tying of the inner wall steel bars 121 and the outer wall steel bars 111, but also improves the reinforcement ratio of the inner wall 12, the outer wall 11 and the connecting column 13.

[0034] In another technical solution, the tail end of the stud 41 is flush with the inner wall of the prefabricated pipe 4. In this technical solution, the stud 41 can not only improve the reinforcement ratio of the inner wall 12, the outer wall 11 and the connecting column 13, but also play a water diversion role. The tail of the stud 41 is not completely embedded in the prefabricated pipe 4, and a water-permeable gap is formed between the outer periphery of the stud 41 and the prefabricated pipe 4, so that when water seepage cracks appear in the outer wall 11, the water entering the outer wall 11 will first enter the fill layer 5 along the stud 41. The matrix-arranged studs 41 greatly improve the efficiency of water entering the fill layer 5, avoid water seepage along the cracks that may be directly connected between the outer wall 11-connecting column 13-inner wall 12 and pass through the inner wall 12, and further improve the inner wall 1 2 Anti-leakage effect. In another embodiment of the present technical solution, the flush position between the bolt 41 and the inner wall of the prefabricated pipe 4 is sealed with a sealant. The sealant is a weather-resistant and waterproof sealant. Under a temperature environment of -20°C to 80°C, the tensile strength is not less than 1.5MPa and the elongation at break is not less than 300%; the bolt 41 is made of high-strength alloy steel with a yield strength of not less than 400MPa and a tensile strength of not less than 550MPa. The surface is galvanized and the thickness of the galvanized layer is not less than 20μm; the inner wall of the prefabricated pipe 4 may be provided with an annular groove in the contact area with the bolt 41. The depth of the annular groove is 5-10mm and the width is 8-15mm. The sealant is filled in the annular groove.

[0035] In another technical solution, it also includes a first anti-ridge 1011 and a second anti-ridge 1012 cast together with the bottom plate 101, the inner wall 12 is cast on the second anti-ridge 1012 and has the same width as the second anti-ridge 1012, the outer wall 11 is cast on the first anti-ridge 1011 and has the same width as the first anti-ridge 1011, and a plurality of the prefabricated pipes 4 are arranged between the first anti-ridge 1011 and the second anti-ridge 1012 at intervals, and the spacing between the first anti-ridge 1011 and the second anti-ridge 1012 is It is equal to the width of the prefabricated pipe 4. In the present technical solution, the first counter-ridge 1011 and the second counter-ridge 1012 are cast simultaneously with the bottom plate 101. The cross-section of the prefabricated pipe 4 matches the empty area between the two counter-ridges and can be placed between the two counter-ridges to form a temporary fixation. The first counter-ridge 1011 and the second counter-ridge 1012 are provided with a through water-stop steel plate 9. Optionally, as the prefabricated pipes 4 are stacked, micro-expansive concrete can be cast into the interval between the two prefabricated pipes 4 to fix the prefabricated pipes 4.

[0036] In another technical solution, the capillary drainage tube 3 is composed of a base layer 31, a hygroscopic layer 32 and a filter layer 33 from the inside to the outside, the base layer 31 is a column or a tube, and the outer wall of the base layer 31 is radially provided with circumferentially arranged capillary waterways 310, the base layer 31 is tightly wrapped with a hygroscopic layer 32, and the hygroscopic layer 32 is tightly wrapped with a filter layer 33, wherein the particulate matter in the fill layer 5 cannot pass through the filter layer 33. Specifically, the surface layer of the base layer 31 is evenly provided with a plurality of axial capillary waterways 310 along the circumferential direction, and each capillary waterway 310 is connected to the outside through a radially arranged groove, and the width of the groove is smaller than the capillary waterway 310. Fig.15 As shown, in one embodiment, the diameter of the capillary waterway 310 is less than 1 mm, the width of the groove is 0.3~0.4 mm, and the depth is 0.5~0.7 mm. The hygroscopic layer 32 is made of a composite fiber material with excellent hygroscopic and dehumidifying properties available on the market. The hygroscopic layer 32 has good water absorption and water release properties and a thickness of 30~40 mm. The filter layer 33 is made of a 5 mm thick permeable geotextile. The hygroscopic layer 32 actively absorbs moisture in the fill layer 5, and the moisture passes through the hygroscopic layer 32 until it contacts the base layer 31. The capillary channel triggers the capillary phenomenon of water, so that the moisture in the hygroscopic layer 32 enters the capillary waterway 310. The combined effect of the surface tension, cohesion and adhesion of the water enables the moisture to expand in the capillary waterway 310 and be discharged into the basement from the end of the capillary drain pipe 3. In this technical solution, the capillary drain pipe 3 arranged in the fill layer 5 can effectively discharge the moisture in the fill layer 5, thereby changing the disordered leakage phenomenon into orderly organized drainage.

[0037] In another technical solution, the basement side wall 1 and the basement top plate 102 are cast together, the top surface of the basement side wall 1 is flush with the top surface of the top plate 102, the top of the fill layer 5 is lower than the top of the prefabricated pipe 4, and a capping 51 is formed by secondary casting on the fill layer 5 in the prefabricated pipe 4, and the top surface of the capping 51 is flush with the top surface of the top plate 102. In this technical solution, since the basement side wall 1 is formed by one-time casting, and it is necessary to construct fill and capillary drainage pipe 3 in the prefabricated pipe 4, it is necessary to ensure that the top of the prefabricated pipe 4 is sealed when pouring concrete, or to install pipe joints to prevent concrete from flowing into the prefabricated pipe 4. After the construction of the capillary drainage pipe 3 and the fill layer 5 in the prefabricated pipe 4 is completed, high-grade micro-expansive concrete is poured in the top of the prefabricated pipe 4 to form a capping 51, and the subsequent top plate waterproofing layer 22 can directly cover the capping 51.

[0038] In another technical solution, two groups of fixing plates 42 are symmetrically arranged on the outer wall of the prefabricated pipe 4, and the two groups of fixing plates 42 are respectively close to the inner and outer surfaces of the basement side wall 1, and the fixing plates 42 are sleeved and fixed with tension bolts 7, and the other end of the tension bolts 7 passes through the surface of the adjacent basement side wall 1. In this technical solution, since the templates 6 on both sides must form a tension relationship during the pouring of wall concrete, and the templates 6 on both sides are directly tightened by the tension bolts 7, it is inevitable that the gap between the tension bolts 7 and the concrete in the wall will form a direct water seepage channel, causing seepage points to appear on the inner wall 12, such as Fig.11 , Fig.12 As shown, two rows of mutually parallel fixing plates 42 are respectively provided on both sides of the prefabricated pipe 4. The fixing plates 42 are T-shaped and include an anchoring section 421 buried in the concrete of the prefabricated pipe 4. The fixing plates 42 extending out of the prefabricated pipe 4 are provided with fixing holes 420. The two rows of fixing plates 42 of the same group are both in a pulling relationship with the template 6 on the adjacent side through the pulling bolts 7. In this way, the templates 6 on both sides of the basement side wall 1 are in a pulling relationship with the prefabricated pipe 4 through the pulling bolts 7. The two groups of pulling bolts 7 are different, which avoids the formation of penetration. A water seepage channel is formed between the outer wall 11, the connecting column 13 and the inner wall 12. Optionally, a water stop plate 71 may be provided in the middle of the tension bolt 7 to further enhance the anti-seepage capability. Optionally, symmetrical through holes may be provided on the prefabricated pipe 4. The tension bolt 7 does not use a water stop plate 71 but passes through the prefabricated pipe 4 and directly forms a tension relationship with the formwork on both sides of the basement side wall 1. Although this ignores the structural self-waterproof capability of the outer wall 11, it better guides the water seeping between the outer wall 11 and the outer wall waterproof layer 2 into the fill layer 5.

[0039] In another technical solution, a construction method of a basement exterior wall waterproof structure is applied to the above-mentioned basement exterior wall waterproof structure, comprising the following steps: S1. Produce a number of the prefabricated pipes 4 in a prefabrication plant and transport them to the site; specifically, if a manufacturing process is adopted in which the bolts 41 are directly embedded in the prefabricated pipes 4, during the transportation and storage of the prefabricated pipes 4, it is necessary to use pads, sleepers, etc. to avoid stress on the bolts 41, which may cause local breakage of the prefabricated pipes 4.

[0040] S2. After the foundation pit is inspected, a cushion layer 1010 is constructed, and a bottom plate waterproof layer 21 is laid on the cushion layer 1010. The bottom plate 101 is constructed on the bottom plate waterproof layer 21. The first counter-ridge 1011 and the second counter-ridge 1012 are cast together with the bottom plate 101. Specifically, the cushion layer 1010 is made of concrete with the same grade as the bottom plate 101, and the thickness is greater than 20 mm. The bottom plate waterproof layer 21 adopts pre-laid reverse-adhesive waterproof membrane. The bottom plate waterproof layer 21 extends out of the bottom plate 101 by a certain amount to facilitate subsequent overlap with the external wall waterproof layer 2. Before the first counter-ridge 1011 and the second counter-ridge 1012 are cast, the inner reinforcement needs to be left upward according to the setting position of the external wall steel bars 111 and the internal wall steel bars 121, and the extension amount is left to facilitate the subsequent reinforcement connection.

[0041] S3. The prefabricated pipes 4 are placed between the first counter-ridge 1011 and the second counter-ridge 1012 at intervals and fixed. Specifically, the construction site uses tower cranes, truck cranes and other lifting equipment to insert the prefabricated pipes 4 between the first counter-ridge 1011 and the second counter-ridge 1012 in sequence, and micro-expansive concrete can be poured in the empty area between the two prefabricated pipes 4 between the two counter-ridges to completely fix the prefabricated pipes 4.

[0042] S4. Tie the outer wall steel bars 111 on the first anti-ridge 1011, tie the inner wall steel bars 121 on the second anti-ridge 1012, fix the water-stop sleeve 8 in the inner wall steel bars 121, and each fixed water-stop sleeve 8 corresponds to a prefabricated pipe 4. Specifically, the longitudinal bars of the outer wall steel bars 111 and the inner wall steel bars 121 are overlapped and tied with the turned-up steel bars of the first anti-ridge 1011 and the second anti-ridge 1012, and the transverse bars are tied with the longitudinal bars and the corresponding side bolts 41. Multiple longitudinal bars can be set at the position of the connecting column 13 and tied and connected with the bolts 41 on both sides. The water-stop sleeve 8 corresponds one by one to the water-stop ring 44 on the prefabricated pipe 4, and the ends are aligned and fully welded.

[0043] S5. Formwork 6 is set up on both sides of the basement side wall 1, and the two groups of fixing plates 42 are connected and anchored to the formwork 6 on the adjacent side by tension bolts 7. Specifically, the tension bolts 7 are finished products that are easily available on the market, and the water stop plate 71 is square or round with a thickness of more than 3 mm. It is arranged in the middle of the tension bolt 7 by welding. The formwork 6 is provided with a through hole, and the tension bolts 7 are connected to the formwork 6 on the corresponding side by tension through nuts and the fixing plates 42.

[0044] S6. Set up the supporting formwork of the top plate 102 and tie up the steel bars of the top plate 102. Specifically, the horizontal steel bars of the top plate 102 need to be bent downward and anchored to the top of the inner wall 12 according to the steel bar anchoring design requirements.

[0045] S7. Cast the top plate 102 and the basement side wall 1 in the same batch. Specifically, the construction is carried out according to the existing wall plate and column integrated casting process.

[0046] S8. After the concrete strength of the basement side wall 1 and the top plate 101 reaches the design strength, the capillary drain pipe 3 is inserted from the water-stop sleeve 8 into the prefabricated pipe 4 in the basement and hung. The top of the capillary drain pipe 3 is waterproofed and set at a preset height of the fill layer 5. Specifically, when the basement side wall 1 and the top plate 101 reach the demolding strength, the formwork 6 is removed, and the capillary drain pipe 3 is inserted from the basement into the prefabricated pipe 4 along the water-stop sleeve 8. The end of the capillary drain pipe 3 is lifted outside the basement, and the capillary drain pipe 3 is located in the center of the prefabricated pipe 4. The capillary drain pipe 3 is temporarily fixed by means of wire, sleeve or frame.

[0047] S9. Fill the prefabricated pipe 4 with soil and compact it layer by layer to form a filling layer 5. Specifically, pour soil into the prefabricated pipe 4 at a filling amount of 300 mm and compact it, and then repeat until it covers the top of the capillary drainage pipe 3. The filling material can be clay, silty clay or other soil with moderate permeability, which allows water to penetrate into the capillary drainage pipe, but the permeability cannot be too high to prevent the water from being effectively concentrated.

[0048] S10, pouring concrete on the fill layer 5 to form a capping 51; specifically, before pouring the capping 51, it is necessary to check that the end of the capillary drain pipe 3 cannot expose the fill layer 5. S11. Complete the construction of the exterior wall waterproof layer 2 according to standard waterproofing practices.

[0049] It should be noted that, although the above describes the various steps in a specific order, it does not mean that the various steps must be performed in the above specific order. In fact, some of these steps can be performed concurrently or even in a different order, as long as the required functions can be achieved. The number of devices and processing scales described here are used to simplify the description of the present invention, and the application, modification and variation of the present invention are obvious to those skilled in the art.

[0050] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed as above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and the implementation modes, and they can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those familiar with the art, additional modifications can be easily implemented. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the scope of equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and the illustrations shown and described herein.

Claims

1. The basement exterior wall waterproof structure is characterized by: include: A basement side wall is cast on the bottom plate, the basement side wall comprises an inner wall and an outer wall which are parallel and spaced apart, and a fill layer is arranged in the closed space formed between the inner wall and the outer wall; A plurality of capillary drainage pipes, wherein the capillary drainage pipes are arranged in parallel and at intervals in the fill layer, and one end of the capillary drainage pipe passes through the inner wall into the basement; The exterior wall waterproof layer is laid on the outside of the exterior wall.

2. The basement exterior wall waterproof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of connecting columns are arranged at intervals between the inner wall and the outer wall. The inner wall, the outer wall and the connecting columns are cast as one piece. A filling layer is arranged between any two adjacent connecting columns. Each of the filling layers has at least one capillary drainage pipe.

3. The basement exterior wall waterproof structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a plurality of prefabricated pipes arranged in a row at intervals, wherein the prefabricated pipes are vertically placed on the bottom plate, and the height of the prefabricated pipes is not lower than the height of the side walls of the basement, wherein when the side walls of the basement are poured with concrete, the reinforced concrete on the side of the prefabricated pipes facing the basement forms the inner wall, the reinforced concrete on the side of the prefabricated pipes facing the backfill soil forms the outer wall, and the reinforced concrete poured in the space between any two adjacent prefabricated pipes forms a connecting column, and a fill layer is provided in the prefabricated pipe, and the capillary drainage pipe in the fill layer passes through the prefabricated pipe and the inner wall in sequence into the basement.

4. The basement exterior wall waterproof structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The prefabricated pipe is a square concrete pipe, and a plurality of bolts are arranged in a matrix on the four surfaces outward. The tails of the bolts are embedded in the prefabricated pipe, and the heads of the plurality of bolts are respectively embedded in the inner wall, outer wall and connecting column according to the positions where they are installed in the prefabricated pipe.

5. The basement exterior wall waterproof structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The tail end of the bolt is flush with the inner wall of the prefabricated tube.

6. The basement exterior wall waterproof structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a first counter-ridge and a second counter-ridge cast together with the base plate, the inner wall is cast on the second counter-ridge and has the same width as the second counter-ridge, the outer wall is cast on the first counter-ridge and has the same width as the first counter-ridge, and a plurality of prefabricated tubes are arranged between the first counter-ridge and the second counter-ridge, and the spacing between the first counter-ridge and the second counter-ridge is equal to the width of the prefabricated tube.

7. The basement exterior wall waterproof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The capillary drainage pipe comprises a base layer, a hygroscopic layer and a filter layer from the inside to the outside, wherein the base layer is a column or a tube, the outer wall of the base layer is radially provided with circumferentially arranged capillary waterways, the base layer is tightly wrapped with a hygroscopic layer, and the hygroscopic layer is tightly wrapped with a filter layer, wherein particulate matter in the fill layer cannot pass through the filter layer.

8. The basement exterior wall waterproof structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The basement side walls and the basement top plate are cast together, the top surface of the basement side walls is flush with the top surface of the top plate, the top of the fill layer is lower than the top of the prefabricated pipe, and a pressure top is formed by secondary casting on the fill layer in the prefabricated pipe, and the top surface of the pressure top is flush with the top surface of the top plate.

9. The basement exterior wall waterproof structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer wall of the prefabricated pipe is symmetrically provided with two groups of fixing plates, which are respectively close to the inner and outer surfaces of the basement side wall. The fixing plates are sleeved and fixed with tension bolts, and the other ends of the tension bolts pass through the surface of the adjacent basement side wall.

10. A construction method for a basement exterior wall waterproof structure, applied to the basement exterior wall waterproof structure according to claim 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Producing a number of the prefabricated pipes in a prefabrication plant and transporting them to the site; S2. After the foundation pit is inspected, a cushion layer is constructed, and a bottom plate waterproof layer is laid on the cushion layer, and the bottom plate is constructed on the bottom plate waterproof layer; S3, placing the prefabricated pipes on the bottom plate at intervals and fixing them; S4. Tie the outer wall steel bars and the inner wall steel bars, and fix the water stop sleeves in the inner wall steel bars. Each fixed water stop sleeve corresponds to a prefabricated pipe. S5, erecting formwork on both sides of the basement side wall, and connecting and anchoring two sets of fixing plates to the formwork on the adjacent side with tension bolts; S6. Set up the supporting formwork for the top plate and tie up the reinforcement for the top plate; S7. Cast the top slab and basement side walls in the same batch; S8. After the concrete strength of the basement side wall and top slab reaches the design strength, the capillary drainage pipe is inserted from the water-stop sleeve into the prefabricated pipe and hung from the basement. The top of the capillary drainage pipe is protected by water insulation and is set at the preset height of the fill layer. S9, filling soil into the prefabricated pipe and compacting it layer by layer to form a filling layer; S10, pouring concrete on the fill layer to form a capping; S11. Complete the construction of the exterior wall waterproofing layer according to standard waterproofing practices.

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