An intelligent monitoring system and method for integrated drilling and sealing of anchor bolts

Abstract

An intelligent monitoring system and method for integrated drilling, sealing, and grouting of anchor bolts is disclosed. The system comprises a bolt body consisting of a first wave-shaped threaded section, a middle section with large threads, and a final wave-shaped threaded section, with a grouting channel at the center. A drill bit and a round nut are installed at the first and second ends of the bolt body, respectively. An anti-shear tray, a torque-regulating plate, and a hexagonal nut are fitted onto the outer side of the final wave-shaped threaded section. A built-in mixer is inserted into the grouting channel. The drilling rig is connected to the anchor bolt via monitoring sensors fitted onto the hexagonal nut. The monitoring sensors include a strain gauge force sensor, a speed sensor, a high-frequency vibration sensor, a well inclination meter, and a load sensor. The method involves using the forward rotation of the drilling rig to drive the drill bit for drilling operations, simultaneously performing slag removal. During drilling, multiple sensors collect various parameters in real time. The drilling rig is reversed for pre-tightening. Grouting is performed using the built-in mixer. Sealing is then completed. This system and method enable intelligent monitoring of the entire drilling process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of intelligent support technology, specifically relating to an integrated drilling, sealing and injection intelligent monitoring system and method for anchor drilling. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous advancement of mine support technology, the integrated drill-sealing-grouting anchor bolt support technology is being applied more and more widely in the field of roadway support, especially in complex environments such as mines and underground engineering projects. This technology integrates drilling, grouting, and anchoring into a single system, significantly improving construction efficiency and enhancing the stability and safety of the support structure. Compared to traditional single anchor bolt construction methods, this integrated technology effectively addresses the various challenges arising from complex geological conditions and high equipment precision requirements during construction, while achieving the desired support effect.

[0003] However, the construction parameters in the integrated drilling, grouting, and anchoring anchoring process are complex and highly variable. How to monitor various indicators in real time and accurately to ensure the coordination and precise execution of drilling, grouting, and anchoring processes has become a key challenge in current technological development. Traditional monitoring methods mostly rely on manual inspection and simple physical measuring equipment, which not only increases labor costs but also suffers from problems such as delayed monitoring data, incomplete information, and inability to make real-time adjustments.

[0004] Therefore, the introduction of intelligent monitoring technology has become an important direction for solving this problem. By integrating sensors, data acquisition systems, wireless communication, and intelligent analysis technologies, it is possible to monitor and analyze various key parameters in the drilling-sealing-injection integrated anchor bolt construction process in real time, thereby achieving precise control over construction quality and safety. However, existing intelligent monitoring devices typically have the following limitations: limited monitoring system functionality, unstable information transmission, and low integration between equipment and systems, making it difficult to provide comprehensive and real-time feedback on the construction status during construction, thus affecting the construction effect and the overall safety of the project.

[0005] Therefore, developing an intelligent monitoring system that can integrate multiple monitoring functions and provide real-time feedback on the drilling, grouting, and anchoring processes is of great significance for improving the accuracy, efficiency, and safety of integrated drilling, sealing, and grouting anchor construction. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems in the prior art, this invention provides an intelligent monitoring system and method for integrated drilling, grouting, and anchoring anchor drilling. This system boasts a high degree of intelligence and diverse monitoring functions. It can analyze and judge the operating status of the drill bit and rod, as well as the structure and differences of the drilling medium, through online real-time monitoring, which is beneficial for improving drilling efficiency and ensuring the safety of drilling operations. The method is simple and convenient to construct, with a high degree of intelligence. It can reliably monitor each operational stage and provide real-time feedback of monitoring data during drilling, grouting, and anchoring. This is of great significance for improving the accuracy, efficiency, and safety of integrated drilling, grouting, and anchoring anchor construction. Using this method can effectively improve the construction efficiency of support construction and significantly enhance the support effect.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an integrated drilling and sealing anchor bolt drilling intelligent monitoring system, including a drilling and sealing anchor bolt, monitoring sensors, a drilling rig, an alarm reminder module, and a test host;

[0008] The drill-sealed anchor bolt includes a rod body, drill bit, anti-shear tray, torsion plate, hexagonal nut, round nut and built-in mixer;

[0009] The rod body has an axially penetrating grouting channel at its axis, and its outer surface has a continuous thread structure, which is divided into a first wave-shaped thread section, a middle large thread section, and a final wave-shaped thread section from the beginning to the end. The outer diameters of the first and final wave-shaped thread sections are both smaller than the outer diameter of the middle large thread section. A front spiral slag discharge channel is formed in the first wave-shaped thread section, and a rear spiral slag discharge channel is formed in the middle large thread section. The drill bit is installed at the beginning of the rod body, and the beginning of the drill bit has a grout outlet communicating with the grouting channel. Simultaneously, the outer diameter of the drill bit is larger than the outer diameter of the first wave-shaped thread section but smaller than the outer diameter of the middle large thread section. The anchor hole at the center of the anti-shear tray is an axially protruding tubular structure with continuously tapering inner and outer diameters. The inner diameter of the anchor hole is larger than the outer diameter of the final wave-shaped thread section but smaller than the outer diameter of the middle large thread section. The anti-shear tray is slidably fitted onto the final wave-shaped thread section through the anchor hole. The external part of the rod is described as follows: the fixed torsion plate is a hollow, flat-bottomed, spherical crown-shaped piece with a mounting hole at its top center; the fixed torsion plate is slidably fitted onto the outside of the final wave-shaped threaded section through the mounting hole, and is closer to the end of the rod than the anti-shear tray; the hexagonal nut is fitted onto the outside of the final wave-shaped threaded section through a threaded engagement, and is closer to the end of the rod than the fixed torsion plate; the outer diameter of the circular nut is smaller than that of the hexagonal nut; the circular nut is coaxially fixedly welded to the end of the rod, and its internal threaded cavity is smoothly connected to the grouting channel; the main body of the built-in mixer is a rod-shaped structure, and an external threaded structure adapted to the circular nut is provided on its outer surface; an axially penetrating mixing cavity is provided at the axis of the built-in mixer, and a dividing mesh frame for dividing the radial space of the mixing cavity is fixedly installed inside the mixing cavity; the built-in mixer is connected to the inside of the circular nut through a threaded engagement, and its head extends into the grouting channel;

[0010] The monitoring sensors include a rod-shaped connector, a strain gauge force sensor, a speed sensor, a high-frequency vibration sensor, a well inclination meter, a load sensor, and a control mainboard. The rod-shaped connector has an internal hexagonal connection hole at its front axis and an external hexagonal connector fixedly connected at its rear axis. An installation cavity is provided inside its middle section. The size and shape of the internal hexagonal connection hole are compatible with the size and shape of the hexagonal nut's outer contour. The monitoring sensor is fitted onto the outside of the hexagonal nut through the internal hexagonal connection hole at its front end. The strain gauge force sensor is fixedly installed at the inner end of the internal hexagonal connection hole and connected to the control mainboard for collecting rod data. The propulsion force signal of the drill bit; the speed sensor, high-frequency vibration sensor, well inclination meter, and load sensor are all installed in the mounting cavity and connected to the control main board, respectively used to collect the speed signal, high-frequency vibration signal, drilling angle signal, and torque signal of the drill bit; the control main board is connected to a main control chip and a wireless communication module; the wireless communication module is used to establish a wireless communication connection between the main control chip and the outside world; the main control chip is connected to the strain gauge force sensor, speed sensor, high-frequency vibration sensor, well inclination meter, load sensor, and wireless communication module respectively;

[0011] The output end of the drilling rig has an internal hexagonal connector, and the size and shape of the internal hexagonal connector are adapted to the size and shape of the outer contour of the external hexagonal connector at the rear end of the monitoring sensor, and the internal hexagonal connector is fitted onto the outside of the external hexagonal connector at the rear end of the monitoring sensor.

[0012] The alarm notification module is used to perform voice alarm notification actions;

[0013] The test host is connected to the monitoring sensors, drilling rig, and alarm module, respectively.

[0014] Furthermore, to facilitate positioning during assembly, the end of the built-in mixer is externally fitted with an annular positioning boss.

[0015] Furthermore, in order to reduce the manufacturing cost of the built-in mixer, the built-in mixer is made of nylon and manufactured using a slip casting method.

[0016] Furthermore, in order to ensure the overall load-bearing strength of the anchor bolt and to ensure the support effect in the later stage, the lengths of the first wave-shaped threaded section, the middle large threaded section and the last wave-shaped threaded section are respectively 3 / 5, 1 / 5 and 1 / 5 of the length of the bolt body.

[0017] Furthermore, in order to improve drilling efficiency, the drill bit is a three-wing drill bit.

[0018] Furthermore, in order to achieve stress homogenization and ensure support effect during long-term use, the perimeter of the anti-shear tray is connected to its anchor hole via a transition section, and the transition section is uniformly provided with 5 to 8 longitudinal ribs in the circumferential direction.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment, the test host is equipped with a display screen.

[0020] In this invention, by making the outer diameter of the drill bit fixedly installed at the head end of the rod larger than the outer diameter of the first wave-shaped thread section and larger than the outer diameter of the small-to-medium-sized thread section, a larger borehole diameter can be formed by the drill bit during drilling. This effectively reduces the friction and resistance between the first wave-shaped thread section and the borehole wall as it advances, thereby reducing the stress on the first wave-shaped thread section and ensuring the strength of the rod body in the first wave-shaped thread section. At the same time, the high cutting performance of the drill bit can be fully utilized to quickly break the coal and rock mass into small particles, and the annular gap between the first wave-shaped thread section and the borehole wall can be used to promptly transport the slag and debris to the position of the large-to-medium-sized thread section. This improves the efficiency of slag and chip removal and effectively prevents the drill from getting stuck due to untimely slag or chip removal, ensuring the continuity and efficiency of drilling. Furthermore, the large outer diameter of the middle section of the threaded section can be utilized for borehole enlargement. Simultaneously, the outer edge of the large threaded section can fully engage with the borehole wall, effectively sealing the hole. During pumping grouting, the large threaded section can effectively seal the grout, preventing leakage and maintaining pressure. This allows the continuously injected grout to penetrate deeper into the surrounding rock fissures more efficiently, significantly improving the filling effect and resulting in more effective reinforcement. The drill bit also features a grout outlet connected to the grouting channel within the drill rod, facilitating subsequent grouting operations after drilling is completed. The anchor holes of the shear-resistant tray are designed as continuously tapering tubular structures, with the hole diameter larger than the outer diameter of the final wave-shaped threaded section. This allows the rod to have a certain degree of free movement during construction. During drilling, the angle of the anchor holes can be adjusted by rotating the tray to match the bending angle of the rod, providing sufficient room for the rod to move and effectively reducing the shear force exerted by the shear-resistant tray on the rod, thus effectively protecting it. Simultaneously, this structure allows the stress borne by the anchor holes to be evenly distributed to the perimeter of the shear-resistant tray during support, acting on the rock surface at the hole opening, increasing the load-bearing capacity of the shear-resistant tray and achieving stress homogenization. Since the torsion plate can achieve a flattened state under the set preload pressure, installing a torsion plate on one side of the shear-resistant tray end allows for direct judgment of whether the applied preload pressure has reached the set preload pressure, thus simplifying the construction process.A round nut is fixedly welded to the end of the rod, ensuring smooth connection between the threaded cavity of the round nut and the grouting channel of the rod. Simultaneously, a hexagonal nut is positioned between the torque plate and the round nut. This serves two purposes: firstly, the round nut acts as a limiting block for the hexagonal nut, thereby limiting its backward travel and locking it in place. Thus, when the drilling rig provides clockwise driving force and the hexagonal nut rotates via a monitoring sensor, the round nut can resist and limit its backward travel, and apply continuous torque to the… The rod and drill bit enable drilling operations. Furthermore, after the rod is anchored, the reverse drilling rig can rotate the hexagonal nut in reverse, thus pre-tightening the torque plate and anti-shear tray using the hexagonal nut. This design achieves the dual functions of forward drilling and reverse pre-tightening, reducing intermediate steps and significantly improving construction efficiency, ensuring the stability and reliability of the anchor installation process. On the other hand, the built-in mixer with an external thread structure can be securely mounted to the inner side of the rod end using a round nut. The built-in mixer has a mixing chamber with a separating mesh frame. During grouting, the synergistic effect of the separating mesh frame and grouting pressure can be fully utilized to further break up large particles and remix the already mixed grout, resulting in more thorough mixing and significantly increased grout permeability. This prevents grout blockage and facilitates the filling of deeper fissures with the grout. This drill-sealed anchor bolt features a simple structure, low manufacturing cost, and reliable support capability. It integrates drilling, hole sealing, and grouting reinforcement operations, effectively solving the problem of grout blockage during surrounding rock grouting reinforcement. It also effectively reduces the shear force exerted by the tray on the bolt body. Furthermore, it allows for direct assessment of whether the preload meets requirements, effectively ensuring the strength and effectiveness of the support and providing reliable technical support for the stability control of the surrounding rock. The monitoring sensor's rod-shaped connector has an internal hexagonal connection hole at the front end and an external hexagonal connector at the rear end. This allows for easy mounting of the monitoring sensor's front end onto the hexagonal nut through the internal hexagonal connection hole, and easy connection of the rear end of the monitoring sensor to the internal hexagonal connector at the front end of the drilling rig using the external hexagonal connector. Installing a strain gauge force sensor at the end of the internal hexagonal connection hole facilitates the real-time acquisition of thrust signals from the rod and drill bit during drilling. This allows for monitoring of the host machine to obtain thrust data, enabling accurate determination of whether stuck drill or drill jumping occurs based on the continuous changes in thrust data during drilling. This facilitates timely detection of stuck drill or drill jumping, allowing relevant personnel to take timely and effective countermeasures to avoid damage to the drilling rig.By incorporating a rotational speed sensor into the monitoring system, the rotational speed signals of the rod and drill bit can be acquired in real time during operation. This allows for accurate determination of the rod and drill bit's motion state based on continuous changes in rotational speed data. Since the rod and monitoring sensor vibrate at the same frequency during drilling, a high-frequency vibration sensor can be installed to acquire high-frequency vibration signals from the rod and drill bit in real time. This provides high-frequency vibration data, and further, based on continuous changes in this data, drilling speed, acceleration, and displacement data can be obtained. Incorporating a borehole inclination meter into the monitoring system allows for real-time acquisition of drilling angle signals during drilling, providing data on the drilling inclination angle. This enables real-time monitoring of the rod and drill bit's trajectory and allows for timely adjustments to the drilling method when deviations occur, ensuring borehole quality. Finally, incorporating a load sensor into the monitoring system allows for real-time acquisition of torque signals from the rod and drill bit during drilling, providing torque data. This torque data can then be used to determine the drilling rig's power, further facilitating the monitoring of the drilling rig's motion state. Furthermore, the testing host can combine the motion status of the drill rod and drill bit, drilling speed data, drilling acceleration data, drilling displacement data, and drilling rig power data to perform real-time analysis of the differences in the drilling medium during the drilling process. This allows for a comprehensive assessment of rock strata changes and the development of surrounding rock fractures. It can also perform real-time judgments on parameters such as the strength, integrity, and stress state of various points in the rock strata, enabling appropriate countermeasures to be taken when anomalies occur. This achieves intelligent monitoring of the drilling process and intelligent analysis of the surrounding rock condition, and can prevent related problems in tunnel support in advance. By incorporating a main control chip and wireless communication module into the monitoring sensors, various collected signals can be wirelessly transmitted to the testing host in real time for timely processing. The alarm module allows for automatic voice alarms controlled by the testing host in the event of anomalies, promptly reminding relevant personnel to take effective countermeasures.

[0021] This invention proposes an "Intelligent Monitoring System for Integrated Drilling-Sealing-Injection Anchor Bolt Drilling," aiming to achieve comprehensive monitoring and intelligent analysis of the entire construction process of integrated drilling-sealing-injection anchor bolts through innovative technical solutions. This effectively overcomes the limitations of existing drilling monitoring systems and helps promote the development of integrated drilling-sealing-injection support technology towards greater intelligence and automation. The system boasts a high degree of intelligence and diverse monitoring functions. It can analyze and judge the operating status of the drill bit and rod, as well as the structure and differences of the drilling medium, through online real-time monitoring, which is beneficial for improving drilling efficiency and ensuring the safety of drilling operations.

[0022] This invention also provides an intelligent monitoring method for integrated drilling, sealing, and injection anchor bolt drilling, employing an intelligent monitoring system for integrated drilling, sealing, and injection anchor bolt drilling, comprising the following steps:

[0023] Step 1: Select the predetermined construction location on the rock mass surface;

[0024] Step 2: Fit the internal hexagonal connector on the drilling rig onto the external hexagonal connector at the rear end of the monitoring sensor. At the same time, fit the internal hexagonal connector at the front end of the monitoring sensor onto the external hexagonal nut from the end of the drill-sealing anchor rod.

[0025] Step 3: Establish connections between the test host, monitoring sensors, and drilling rig;

[0026] Step 4: Using the clockwise driving force provided by the drilling rig, the monitoring sensor synchronously drives the hexagonal nut to rotate towards the end of the rod. When the hexagonal nut reaches the state of contact with the round nut, the round nut locks the hexagonal nut at the rear limit and transmits the torque to the rod and the drill bit, thereby synchronously driving the rod and the drill bit to perform high-speed drilling operations.

[0027] In the initial stage of drilling, large chunks of coal and rock in the direction of travel are broken up by the drill bit. Simultaneously, the rotating front spiral slag discharge channel removes the generated debris and cuttings from the borehole, achieving initial slag and cuttings removal. As drilling continues, the drill rod penetrates deeper into the borehole. When the first wave-shaped threaded section is fully inside the hole, the drill speed is reduced, and the middle large threaded section is slowly driven into the borehole. The tight contact between the outer edge of the middle large threaded section and the borehole wall is used for hole enlargement. Simultaneously, the rotating rear spiral slag discharge channel receives the debris and cuttings discharged from the front spiral slag discharge channel and removes them from the borehole, achieving subsequent slag and cuttings removal. When the large threaded section is fully inserted into the hole, continue to apply torque through the drilling rig until the end of the large threaded section is fully inserted into the hole. Stop drilling and control the drilling rig to rotate in the opposite direction to provide counterclockwise driving force. This causes the monitoring sensor to synchronously drive the hexagonal nut to rotate in the opposite direction towards the hole opening, and gradually push the fixed torque pressure plate towards the anti-shear tray until the first end of the fixed torque pressure plate is pressed firmly against the end of the anti-shear tray, and the front end of the anti-shear tray is pressed firmly against the surface of the rock wall. Continue to apply torque through the drilling rig to make the fixed torque pressure plate continue to deform. When the fixed torque pressure plate reaches the flattened state, it is determined that the set pre-tightening force has been reached. Control the drilling rig to stop applying torque and remove the drilling rig to complete the installation of the drilled and sealed anchor bolt.

[0028] During each stage of drilling, a rotation speed sensor is used to collect the rotation speed signal of the drill-sealed anchor rod in real time and send it to the main control chip. A strain gauge force sensor is used to collect the thrust signal of the drill-sealed anchor rod in real time and send it to the main control chip. A high-frequency vibration sensor is used to collect the high-frequency vibration signal of the drill-sealed anchor rod in real time and send it to the main control chip. A borehole inclination meter is used to collect the drilling angle signal of the drill-sealed anchor rod in real time and send it to the main control chip. A load sensor is used to collect the torque signal of the drill-sealed anchor rod in real time and send it to the main control chip. Upon receiving the rotation speed signal, thrust signal, high-frequency vibration signal, drilling angle signal, and torque signal, the main control chip transmits them to the test host via a wireless communication module. The test host obtains the rotation speed data of the rod and drill bit based on the rotation speed signal and determines the motion state of the rod and drill bit based on the continuous changes in the rotation speed data. The test host obtains the thrust force data of the rod and drill bit based on the thrust force signal and determines the motion state of the rod and drill bit based on the continuous changes in the thrust force data during drilling. The test host determines whether the drill bit is stuck or jumping. When the drill bit is stuck or jumping, the speed of the drill is reduced and the alarm module issues a voice alarm for stuck or jumping until the stuck or jumping disappears. The test host obtains high-frequency vibration data of the rod and drill bit based on the high-frequency vibration signal, and obtains drilling speed data, drilling acceleration data and drilling displacement data of the rod and drill bit based on the continuous change of the high-frequency vibration data. The test host obtains the angle difference between the rod and drill bit and the vertical direction based on the drilling angle signal, and then obtains the inclination angle data of the borehole and the movement trajectory of the rod. When the inclination angle data of the borehole and the movement trajectory of the rod deviate, the speed of the drill is reduced and the alarm module issues a voice alarm for trajectory deviation until the movement trajectory returns to normal. The test host (8) obtains the torque data of the rod based on the torque signal, and obtains the power data of the drill based on the torque data. The test host (8) By combining the motion status of the drill rod and drill bit, drilling speed data, drilling acceleration data, drilling displacement data, and drilling rig power data, the differences in drilling media during the drilling process are analyzed in real time. This allows for real-time understanding of the rock strata layering and obtaining rock strata distribution data, ultimately achieving the goal of identifying rock strata and obtaining data on the integrity of the internal surrounding rock. After obtaining the rock strata distribution data, the test host adjusts different drilling parameters according to different rock strata during the drilling process. This allows for adaptive adjustments to the drilling rig control based on different working conditions, achieving efficient and safe drilling operations.

[0029] Step 5: Perform grouting operations;

[0030] S51: Thoroughly mix the slurry to ensure its uniformity and fluidity meet the grouting requirements; connect a pressure sensor to the grouting pipeline, and then connect both ends of the grouting pipeline to the outlet of the grouting pump and the end of the built-in mixer, respectively; establish connections between the test host and the grouting pump and the pressure sensor, respectively.

[0031] S52: The grout pump is used to pump the mixed grout into the mixing chamber of the built-in mixer through the grouting pipe. Under the action of the partition frame, the grout is further mixed evenly in the mixing chamber. Then, it is transported to the drill bit outlet through the grouting channel. Then, it enters the depth of the hole from the drill bit outlet. During this process, the pressure sensor collects the grouting pressure signal in real time and sends it to the test host. The test host obtains the grouting pressure data based on the grouting pressure signal. The outer edge of the large thread section in the middle section is fitted with the hole wall to achieve a tight seal of the hole, thus playing a role in grouting pressure maintenance during the grouting process. Under the pressure maintenance, the grout continues to enter and fill the entire hole and gradually enters the deep fissures to achieve effective sealing of the fissures. During the entire grouting process, the test host controls the grouting volume based on the data of the integrity of the internal surrounding rock to achieve efficient and high-quality grouting operation.

[0032] S53: When the grouting pressure data suddenly increases, the test host controls the grouting pump to stop the grouting operation, removes the grouting pipe, and then seals the end of the built-in mixer.

[0033] As a preferred embodiment, in step four, after acquiring the rotational speed data, thrust data, high-frequency vibration data, drilling speed data, drilling acceleration data, drilling displacement data, borehole inclination angle data, torque data, and power data, the test host displays them in real time on the display screen.

[0034] In this invention, a monitoring sensor is used to establish the connection between the drill-sealed anchor bolt and the drilling rig. This allows for efficient drilling operations by fully utilizing the locking function of the round nut on the backward stroke of the hexagonal nut. Simultaneously, the spiral-shaped slag discharge channels at the front and rear sections effectively remove debris and slag generated during drilling, preventing jamming and ensuring smooth drilling. Furthermore, the hexagonal nut can be pushed towards the borehole opening by changing the drive direction, thereby pressing the torque plate and anti-shear tray firmly at the opening. Since the torque plate reaches a flattened state upon reaching the set preload, the preload status can be visually observed when the hexagonal nut applies preload to the torque plate. During each stage of drilling, rotational speed signals, thrust signals, high-frequency vibration signals, drilling angle signals, and torque signals are collected. This facilitates the acquisition of data on the rotational speed, thrust, high-frequency vibration, drilling speed, drilling acceleration, drilling displacement, borehole inclination angle, torque, and power of the drill bit and rod. This allows for a comprehensive understanding of the movement status and trajectory of the drill bit and rod during drilling. Furthermore, it enables accurate detection of any abnormalities, such as trajectory deviation or borehole inclination. In the event of an anomaly, an alarm module is activated to promptly alert relevant personnel and facilitate timely and effective countermeasures. Furthermore, the testing unit can combine the motion status of the drill rod and drill bit, drilling speed data, drilling acceleration data, drilling displacement data, and drilling rig power data to perform real-time analysis of the differences in the drilling medium during the drilling process. This allows for real-time understanding of the rock strata's layering and obtaining rock strata distribution data. The testing unit can then adjust different drilling parameters based on varying rock strata distributions, ensuring efficient and high-quality drilling operations while improving safety. By connecting a pressure sensor to the grouting pipe, grouting pressure signals can be collected in real-time during grouting. The testing unit can then acquire grouting pressure data in real-time. Analyzing the continuous changes in grouting pressure data effectively detects the degree of grouting within the borehole and can detect the completion of grouting through sudden increases in grouting pressure.

[0035] This method is simple, convenient, and highly intelligent. It can reliably monitor each operation stage and provide real-time feedback on monitoring data during drilling, grouting, and anchoring. It is of great significance for improving the accuracy, efficiency, and safety of integrated drilling, sealing, and grouting anchor construction. Using this method can effectively improve the construction efficiency of support construction and significantly enhance the support effect. It has wide applicability and is easy to apply to various engineering support projects. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the monitoring system in this invention;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the drill-sealed anchor bolt structure in this invention;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the drill bit structure in this invention;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-shear pallet in this invention;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the constant torsion pressure plate in this invention;

[0041] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the built-in mixer in this invention;

[0042] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the monitoring sensor in this invention;

[0043] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the monitoring sensor in this invention;

[0044] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the grouting status in the monitoring method section of this invention;

[0045] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the monitoring system in this invention.

[0046] In the diagram: 1. Rod body; 2. Drill bit; 3. Anti-shear tray; 4. Torque-regulating pressure plate; 5. Hexagonal nut; 6. Round nut; 7. Built-in mixer; 8. Test host; 9. Drilling rig; 10. Grouting pump; 11. Monitoring sensor; 12. Rod-shaped connector; 13. Internal hexagonal connecting hole; 14. External hexagonal connector; 15. Strain gauge force sensor; 16. Rotation speed sensor; 17. High-frequency vibration sensor; 18. Well inclination gauge; 19. Load sensor; 20. First section of wave-shaped threaded section; 21. Middle section of large threaded section; 22. Last section of wave-shaped threaded section; 23. Drill bit grout outlet; 24. Anchor hole; 25. Separating mesh frame; 26. Annular limiting boss. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0048] like Figures 1 to 10 As shown, the present invention provides an intelligent monitoring system for drilling and sealing of anchor bolts, including drilling and sealing anchor bolts, monitoring sensors 11, drilling rig 9, alarm reminder module and test host 8;

[0049] The drill-sealed anchor bolt includes a rod body 1, a drill bit 2, an anti-shear tray 3, a torsion plate 4, a hexagonal nut 5, a round nut 6, and a built-in mixer 7;

[0050] The rod body 1 has an axially penetrating grouting channel at its axis, and its outer surface has a continuous thread structure, which is divided into a first wave-shaped thread section 20, a middle large thread section 21, and a last wave-shaped thread section 22 from the first end to the last end; wherein the outer diameter of the first wave-shaped thread section 20 and the outer diameter of the last wave-shaped thread section 22 are both smaller than the outer diameter of the middle large thread section 21; a front spiral slag discharge channel is formed in the first wave-shaped thread section 20; a rear spiral slag discharge channel is formed in the middle large thread section 21; the drill bit 2 is installed at the beginning of the rod body 1. The beginning of the drill bit 2 has a drill bit outlet 23 that communicates with the grouting channel. At the same time, the outer diameter of the drill bit 2 is larger than the outer diameter of the first wave-shaped thread section 20 and smaller than the outer diameter of the middle large thread section 21. The anchor hole 24 in the center of the anti-shear tray 3 is a tubular structure that protrudes axially and has a continuously tapering inner and outer diameter. The inner diameter of the anchor hole 24 is larger than the outer diameter of the last wave-shaped thread section 22 and smaller than the outer diameter of the middle large thread section 21. The anti-shear tray 3 is slidably fitted through the anchor hole 24. Outside the final wave-shaped threaded section 22; the fixed torque pressure plate 4 is a hollow flat-bottomed spherical crown shape, and a mounting hole is opened at the center of its top; the fixed torque pressure plate 4 is slidably fitted on the outside of the final wave-shaped threaded section 22 through the mounting hole, and it is closer to the end of the rod body 1 than the anti-shear tray 3; the hexagonal nut 5 is fitted on the outside of the final wave-shaped threaded section 22 through threaded engagement, and it is closer to the end of the rod body 1 than the fixed torque pressure plate 4; the outer diameter of the circular nut 6 is smaller than the outer diameter of the hexagonal nut 5; the circular nut 6 is coaxially fixedly welded to the end of the rod body 1, and its internal thread cavity is smoothly connected to the grouting channel; the main body of the built-in mixer 7 is a rod-shaped structure, and an external thread structure adapted to the circular nut 6 is provided on the outer surface; the built-in mixer 7 has an axially penetrating mixing cavity at the axis, and a dividing mesh frame 25 for dividing the radial space of the mixing cavity is fixedly installed inside the mixing cavity; the built-in mixer 7 is connected to the inside of the circular nut 6 through threaded engagement, and its head extends into the grouting channel;

[0051] The monitoring sensor 11 includes a rod-shaped connector 12, a strain gauge force sensor 15, a speed sensor 16, a high-frequency vibration sensor 17, a well inclination meter 18, a load sensor 19, and a control main board; the rod-shaped connector 12 has an internal hexagonal connection hole 13 at the center of its front section and an external hexagonal connector 14 fixedly connected at the center of its rear section, and an installation cavity is provided inside its middle section; as a preferred embodiment, the depth of the internal hexagonal connection hole 13 is adapted to the length of the final wave-shaped thread section 22;

[0052] The size and shape of the internal hexagonal connecting hole 13 are adapted to the size and shape of the outer contour of the hexagonal nut 5; the monitoring sensor 11 is fitted onto the outside of the hexagonal nut 5 through the internal hexagonal connecting hole 13 at the front end; the strain gauge force sensor 15 is fixedly installed at the inner end of the internal hexagonal connecting hole 13 and connected to the control motherboard to collect the thrust signal of the rod; the speed sensor 16, the high-frequency vibration sensor 17, the well inclination meter 18, and the load sensor 19 are all installed in the mounting cavity and are all connected to the control motherboard to collect the speed signal, high-frequency vibration signal, drilling angle signal, and torque signal of the drill-sealed anchor rod, respectively; the control motherboard is connected to the main control chip and the wireless communication module; the wireless communication module is used to establish a wireless communication connection between the main control chip and the outside world; the main control chip is connected to the strain gauge force sensor 15, the speed sensor 16, the high-frequency vibration sensor 17, the well inclination meter 18, the load sensor 19, and the wireless communication module, respectively;

[0053] The output end of the drilling rig 9 has an internal hexagonal connector, and the size and shape of the internal hexagonal connector are adapted to the size and shape of the outer contour of the external hexagonal connector 14 at the rear end of the monitoring sensor 11, and the internal hexagonal connector is fitted onto the outside of the external hexagonal connector 14 at the rear end of the monitoring sensor 11.

[0054] The alarm notification module is used to perform voice alarm notification actions;

[0055] The test host 8 is connected to the monitoring sensor 11, the drilling rig 9, and the alarm module. Preferably, the test host is equipped with a display screen.

[0056] To facilitate positioning during assembly, the end of the built-in mixer 7 is externally fitted with an annular limiting boss 26; to reduce the manufacturing cost of the built-in mixer, the built-in mixer 7 is made of nylon and is manufactured by injection molding.

[0057] To ensure the overall load-bearing strength of the anchor bolt and the subsequent support effect, the lengths of the first wave-shaped threaded section 20, the middle large threaded section 21, and the last wave-shaped threaded section 22 are respectively 3 / 5, 1 / 5, and 1 / 5 of the length of the bolt body 1.

[0058] To improve drilling efficiency, the drill bit 2 is a three-wing drill bit, preferably a three-wing PDC drill bit.

[0059] In order to achieve stress homogenization and ensure the support effect during long-term use, the periphery of the anti-shear tray 3 is connected to the anchor hole 24 through a transition section, and the transition section is uniformly provided with 5 to 8 longitudinal ribs in the circumferential direction.

[0060] In this invention, by making the outer diameter of the drill bit fixedly installed at the head end of the rod larger than the outer diameter of the first wave-shaped thread section and larger than the outer diameter of the small-to-medium-sized thread section, a larger borehole diameter can be formed by the drill bit during drilling. This effectively reduces the friction and resistance between the first wave-shaped thread section and the borehole wall as it advances, thereby reducing the stress on the first wave-shaped thread section and ensuring the strength of the rod body in the first wave-shaped thread section. At the same time, the high cutting performance of the drill bit can be fully utilized to quickly break the coal and rock mass into small particles, and the annular gap between the first wave-shaped thread section and the borehole wall can be used to promptly transport the slag and debris to the position of the large-to-medium-sized thread section. This improves the efficiency of slag and chip removal and effectively prevents the drill from getting stuck due to untimely slag or chip removal, ensuring the continuity and efficiency of drilling. Furthermore, the large outer diameter of the middle section of the threaded section can be utilized for borehole enlargement. Simultaneously, the outer edge of the large threaded section can fully engage with the borehole wall, effectively sealing the hole. During pumping grouting, the large threaded section can effectively seal the grout, preventing leakage and maintaining pressure. This allows the continuously injected grout to penetrate deeper into the surrounding rock fissures more efficiently, significantly improving the filling effect and resulting in more effective reinforcement. The drill bit also features a grout outlet connected to the grouting channel within the drill rod, facilitating subsequent grouting operations after drilling is completed. The anchor holes of the shear-resistant tray are designed as continuously tapering tubular structures, with the hole diameter larger than the outer diameter of the final wave-shaped threaded section. This allows the rod to have a certain degree of free movement during construction. During drilling, the angle of the anchor holes can be adjusted by rotating the tray to match the bending angle of the rod, providing sufficient room for the rod to move and effectively reducing the shear force exerted by the shear-resistant tray on the rod, thus effectively protecting it. Simultaneously, this structure allows the stress borne by the anchor holes to be evenly distributed to the perimeter of the shear-resistant tray during support, acting on the rock surface at the hole opening, increasing the load-bearing capacity of the shear-resistant tray and achieving stress homogenization. Since the torsion plate can achieve a flattened state under the set preload pressure, installing a torsion plate on one side of the shear-resistant tray end allows for direct judgment of whether the applied preload pressure has reached the set preload pressure, thus simplifying the construction process.A round nut is fixedly welded to the end of the rod, ensuring smooth connection between the threaded cavity of the round nut and the grouting channel of the rod. Simultaneously, a hexagonal nut is positioned between the torque plate and the round nut. This serves two purposes: firstly, the round nut acts as a limiting block for the hexagonal nut, thereby limiting its backward travel and locking it in place. Thus, when the drilling rig provides clockwise driving force and the hexagonal nut rotates via a monitoring sensor, the round nut can resist and limit its backward travel, and apply continuous torque to the… The rod and drill bit enable drilling operations. Furthermore, after the rod is anchored, the reverse drilling rig can rotate the hexagonal nut in reverse, thus pre-tightening the torque plate and anti-shear tray using the hexagonal nut. This design achieves the dual functions of forward drilling and reverse pre-tightening, reducing intermediate steps and significantly improving construction efficiency, ensuring the stability and reliability of the anchor installation process. On the other hand, the built-in mixer with an external thread structure can be securely mounted to the inner side of the rod end using a round nut. The built-in mixer has a mixing chamber with a separating mesh frame. During grouting, the synergistic effect of the separating mesh frame and grouting pressure can be fully utilized to further break up large particles and remix the already mixed grout, resulting in more thorough mixing and significantly increased grout permeability. This prevents grout blockage and facilitates the filling of deeper fissures with the grout. This drill-sealed anchor bolt features a simple structure, low manufacturing cost, and reliable support capability. It integrates drilling, hole sealing, and grouting reinforcement operations, effectively solving the problem of grout blockage during surrounding rock grouting reinforcement. It also effectively reduces the shear force exerted by the tray on the bolt body. Furthermore, it allows for direct assessment of whether the preload meets requirements, effectively ensuring the strength and effectiveness of the support and providing reliable technical support for the stability control of the surrounding rock. The monitoring sensor's rod-shaped connector has an internal hexagonal connection hole at the front end and an external hexagonal connector at the rear end. This allows for easy mounting of the monitoring sensor's front end onto the hexagonal nut through the internal hexagonal connection hole, and easy connection of the rear end of the monitoring sensor to the internal hexagonal connector at the front end of the drilling rig using the external hexagonal connector. Installing a strain gauge force sensor at the end of the internal hexagonal connection hole facilitates the real-time acquisition of thrust signals from the rod and drill bit during drilling. This allows for monitoring of the host machine to obtain thrust data, enabling accurate determination of whether stuck drill or drill jumping occurs based on the continuous changes in thrust data during drilling. This facilitates timely detection of stuck drill or drill jumping, allowing relevant personnel to take timely and effective countermeasures to avoid damage to the drilling rig.By incorporating a rotational speed sensor into the monitoring system, the rotational speed signals of the rod and drill bit can be acquired in real time during operation. This allows for accurate determination of the rod and drill bit's motion state based on continuous changes in rotational speed data. Since the rod and monitoring sensor vibrate at the same frequency during drilling, a high-frequency vibration sensor can be installed to acquire high-frequency vibration signals from the rod and drill bit in real time. This provides high-frequency vibration data, and further, based on continuous changes in this data, drilling speed, acceleration, and displacement data can be obtained. Incorporating a borehole inclination meter into the monitoring system allows for real-time acquisition of drilling angle signals during drilling, providing data on the drilling inclination angle. This enables real-time monitoring of the rod and drill bit's trajectory and allows for timely adjustments to the drilling method when deviations occur, ensuring borehole quality. Finally, incorporating a load sensor into the monitoring system allows for real-time acquisition of torque signals from the rod and drill bit during drilling, providing torque data. This torque data can then be used to determine the drilling rig's power, further facilitating the monitoring of the drilling rig's motion state. Furthermore, the testing host can combine the motion status of the drill rod and drill bit, drilling speed data, drilling acceleration data, drilling displacement data, and drilling rig power data to perform real-time analysis of the differences in the drilling medium during the drilling process. This allows for a comprehensive assessment of rock strata changes and the development of surrounding rock fractures. It can also perform real-time judgments on parameters such as the strength, integrity, and stress state of various points in the rock strata, enabling appropriate countermeasures to be taken when anomalies occur. This achieves intelligent monitoring of the drilling process and intelligent analysis of the surrounding rock condition, and can prevent related problems in tunnel support in advance. By incorporating a main control chip and wireless communication module into the monitoring sensors, various collected signals can be wirelessly transmitted to the testing host in real time for timely processing. The alarm module allows for automatic voice alarms controlled by the testing host in the event of anomalies, promptly reminding relevant personnel to take effective countermeasures.

[0061] This invention proposes an "Intelligent Monitoring System for Integrated Drilling-Sealing-Injection Anchor Bolt Drilling," aiming to achieve comprehensive monitoring and intelligent analysis of the entire construction process of integrated drilling-sealing-injection anchor bolts through innovative technical solutions. This effectively overcomes the limitations of existing drilling monitoring systems and helps promote the development of integrated drilling-sealing-injection support technology towards greater intelligence and automation. The system boasts a high degree of intelligence and diverse monitoring functions. It can analyze and judge the operating status of the drill bit and rod, as well as the structure and differences of the drilling medium, through online real-time monitoring, which is beneficial for improving drilling efficiency and ensuring the safety of drilling operations.

[0062] This invention also provides an intelligent monitoring method for integrated drilling, sealing, and injection anchor bolt drilling, employing an intelligent monitoring system for integrated drilling, sealing, and injection anchor bolt drilling, comprising the following steps:

[0063] Step 1: Select the predetermined construction location on the rock mass surface;

[0064] Step 2: Fit the internal hexagonal connector on the drilling rig 9 onto the external hexagonal connector 14 at the rear end of the monitoring sensor 11. At the same time, fit the internal hexagonal connector 13 at the front end of the monitoring sensor 11 onto the external hexagonal nut 5 from the end of the drilling and sealing anchor rod.

[0065] Step 3: Establish the connection between the test host 8, the monitoring sensor 11, and the drilling rig 9;

[0066] Step 4: Using the clockwise driving force provided by the drill rig 9, the monitoring sensor 11 synchronously drives the hexagonal nut 5 to rotate towards the end of the rod 1. When the hexagonal nut 5 reaches the state of contact with the round nut 6, the round nut 6 locks the hexagonal nut 5 at the rear limit and transmits the torque to the rod 1 and the drill bit 2, thereby synchronously driving the rod 1 and the drill bit 2 to perform high-speed drilling operations.

[0067] In the initial stage of drilling, the drill bit 2 breaks up large chunks of coal and rock in the direction of travel. Simultaneously, the rotating front spiral slag discharge channel discharges the generated debris and cuttings from the borehole, achieving initial slag and cuttings removal. As drilling continues, the drill rod 1 penetrates deeper into the borehole. When the first wave-shaped threaded section 20 is fully inside the hole, the rotation speed of the drill rig 9 is reduced, and the middle large threaded section 21 is slowly driven into the borehole. The outer edge of the middle large threaded section 21 is used to achieve borehole enlargement through close contact with the borehole wall. Simultaneously, the rotating rear spiral slag discharge channel receives the debris and cuttings discharged from the front spiral slag discharge channel and discharges them from the borehole, achieving subsequent slag and cuttings removal. In the middle large threaded section... When section 21 is fully inside the hole, continue to apply torque through the drill rig 9 until the end of the large thread section 21 is fully inside the hole. Stop drilling and control the drill rig 9 to rotate in the opposite direction to provide a counterclockwise driving force. This will cause the monitoring sensor 11 to synchronously drive the hexagonal nut 5 to rotate in the opposite direction towards the hole. Gradually push the fixed torque plate 4 towards the anti-shear tray 3 until the first end of the fixed torque plate 4 is pressed firmly against the end of the anti-shear tray 3 and the front end of the anti-shear tray 3 is pressed firmly against the surface of the rock wall. Continue to apply torque through the drill rig 9 to make the fixed torque plate 4 continue to deform. When the fixed torque plate 4 reaches the flattened state, it is determined that the set pre-tightening force has been reached. Control the drill rig 9 to stop applying torque and remove the drill rig 9 to complete the installation of the drilled and sealed anchor rod.

[0068] At each stage of drilling, the rotational speed sensor 16 collects the rotational speed signal of the drill-sealed anchor rod in real time and sends it to the main control chip; the strain gauge force sensor 15 collects the thrust signal of the drill-sealed anchor rod in real time and sends it to the main control chip; the high-frequency vibration sensor 17 collects the high-frequency vibration signal of the drill-sealed anchor rod in real time and sends it to the main control chip; the well inclination gauge 18 collects the drilling angle signal of the drill-sealed anchor rod in real time and sends it to the main control chip; and the load sensor 19 collects the torque signal of the drill-sealed anchor rod in real time and sends it to the main control chip. The main control chip receives rotation speed signals, thrust signals, high-frequency vibration signals, drilling angle signals, and torque signals, and then transmits them to the test host 8 via a wireless communication module. The test host 8 obtains the rotation speed data of the rod 1 and drill bit 2 based on the rotation speed signals, and determines the motion state of the rod 1 and drill bit 2 based on the continuous changes in the rotation speed data. The test host 8 obtains the thrust force data of the rod 1 and drill bit 2 based on the thrust force signals, and determines whether stuck drill or skipped drill has occurred based on the continuous changes in the thrust force data during drilling. When the thrust data suddenly changes, it indicates that there is a stuck drill or drill jumping situation. Simultaneously, when a stuck drill or drill jumping situation is detected, the speed of the drill rig 9 is reduced, and the alarm module issues a voice alarm for stuck drill or drill jumping until the stuck drill or drill jumping situation disappears, at which point the speed of the drill rig 9 is restored. The test host 8 obtains high-frequency vibration data of the rod 1 and drill bit 2 based on the high-frequency vibration signal, and obtains drilling speed data, drilling acceleration data, and drilling displacement data of the rod 1 and drill bit 2 based on the continuous changes in the high-frequency vibration data. The test host 8 obtains the angle difference between the rod 1 and drill bit 2 and the vertical direction based on the drilling angle signal, and then obtains the borehole inclination angle data and the movement trajectory of the rod 1. When the borehole inclination angle data and the movement trajectory of the rod 1 deviate, the speed of the drill rig 9 is reduced, and the alarm module issues a voice alarm for trajectory deviation until the movement trajectory returns to normal, at which point the speed of the drill rig 9 is restored. The test host 8 obtains the torque data of the rod 1 based on the torque signal, and obtains the power data of the drill rig 9 based on the torque data. The test host 8... By combining the motion status of the drill rod 1 and drill bit 2, drilling speed data, drilling acceleration data, drilling displacement data, and power data of the drilling rig 9, the differences in the drilling medium during the drilling process are analyzed in real time. This allows for real-time understanding of the rock strata layering and obtaining rock strata distribution data, ultimately achieving the goal of identifying rock strata and obtaining data on the integrity of the surrounding rock. After obtaining the rock strata distribution data, the test host 8 adjusts different drilling parameters according to the different rock strata during the drilling process. This allows for adaptive adjustments to the drilling rig 9 based on different working conditions, achieving efficient and safe drilling operations.

[0069] Among them, the test host 8 can also combine the motion state of the rod body 1 and the drill bit 2, drilling speed data, drilling acceleration data, drilling displacement data, and power data of the drilling rig 9 to effectively evaluate rock parameters such as uniaxial compressive strength of rock blocks, rock mass quality indicators, rock mass integrity, rock hardness, rock mass stress state, and discontinuity, thereby achieving the functions of determining surrounding rock support parameters, surrounding rock classification, and analyzing surrounding rock stability;

[0070] Step 5: Perform grouting operations;

[0071] S51: Thoroughly mix the slurry to ensure that the uniformity and fluidity of the slurry meet the grouting requirements; connect the pressure sensor to the grouting pipeline, and then connect both ends of the grouting pipeline to the slurry outlet of the grouting pump 10 and the end of the built-in mixer 7 respectively; establish the connection between the test host 8 and the grouting pump 10 and the pressure sensor respectively.

[0072] S52: The well-mixed grout is pumped into the mixing chamber of the built-in mixer 7 through the grouting pipe using a grouting pump. Under the action of the partition frame 25, the grout is further mixed evenly in the mixing chamber and then transported to the drill bit outlet 23 through the grouting channel. Then, it enters the depth of the hole through the drill bit outlet 23. During this process, the grouting pressure signal is collected in real time by a pressure sensor and sent to the test host 8. The test host 8 obtains the grouting pressure data based on the grouting pressure signal and uses the outer edge of the large thread section 21 in the middle section to fit into the hole wall to achieve a tight seal of the hole, thereby playing a grouting pressure holding role during the grouting process. Under the pressure holding role, the grout continues to enter and fill the entire hole and gradually enters the deep fissures to achieve effective sealing of the fissures. During the entire grouting process, the test host 8 controls the grouting volume based on the internal surrounding rock integrity data to achieve efficient and high-quality grouting operation.

[0073] S53: When the grouting pressure data suddenly increases, the test host 8 controls the grouting pump 10 to stop the grouting operation, removes the grouting pipe, and then seals the end of the built-in mixer 7.

[0074] As a preferred embodiment, in step four, after acquiring the rotational speed data, thrust data, high-frequency vibration data, drilling speed data, drilling acceleration data, drilling displacement data, borehole inclination angle data, torque data, and power data, the test host displays them in real time on the display screen.

[0075] In this invention, a monitoring sensor is used to establish the connection between the drill-sealed anchor bolt and the drilling rig. This allows for efficient drilling operations by fully utilizing the locking function of the round nut on the backward stroke of the hexagonal nut. Simultaneously, the spiral-shaped slag discharge channels at the front and rear sections effectively remove debris and slag generated during drilling, preventing jamming and ensuring smooth drilling. Furthermore, the hexagonal nut can be pushed towards the borehole opening by changing the drive direction, thereby pressing the torque plate and anti-shear tray firmly at the opening. Since the torque plate reaches a flattened state upon reaching the set preload, the preload status can be visually observed when the hexagonal nut applies preload to the torque plate. During each stage of drilling, rotational speed signals, thrust signals, high-frequency vibration signals, drilling angle signals, and torque signals are collected. This facilitates the acquisition of data on the rotational speed, thrust, high-frequency vibration, drilling speed, drilling acceleration, drilling displacement, borehole inclination angle, torque, and power of the drill bit and rod. This allows for a comprehensive understanding of the movement status and trajectory of the drill bit and rod during drilling. Furthermore, it enables accurate detection of any abnormalities, such as trajectory deviation or borehole inclination. In the event of an anomaly, an alarm module is activated to promptly alert relevant personnel and facilitate timely and effective countermeasures. Furthermore, the testing unit can combine the motion status of the drill rod and drill bit, drilling speed data, drilling acceleration data, drilling displacement data, and drilling rig power data to perform real-time analysis of the differences in the drilling medium during the drilling process. This allows for real-time understanding of the rock strata's layering and obtaining rock strata distribution data. The testing unit can then adjust different drilling parameters based on varying rock strata distributions, ensuring efficient and high-quality drilling operations while improving safety. By connecting a pressure sensor to the grouting pipe, grouting pressure signals can be collected in real-time during grouting. The testing unit can then acquire grouting pressure data in real-time. Analyzing the continuous changes in grouting pressure data effectively detects the degree of grouting within the borehole and can detect the completion of grouting through sudden increases in grouting pressure.

[0076] This method is simple, convenient, and highly intelligent. It can reliably monitor each operation stage and provide real-time feedback on monitoring data during drilling, grouting, and anchoring. It is of great significance for improving the accuracy, efficiency, and safety of integrated drilling, sealing, and grouting anchor construction. Using this method can effectively improve the construction efficiency of support construction and significantly enhance the support effect. It has wide applicability and is easy to apply to various engineering support projects.

Claims

1. A drilling, sealing, and grouting integrated anchor rod drilling intelligent monitoring system, comprising a drilling, sealing, and grouting anchor rod; characterized in that, It also includes monitoring sensor (11), drilling machine (9), alarm reminder module and test host (8); The drill seal anchor rod comprises a rod body (1), a drill bit (2), a shear-resistant tray (3), a torque fixing pressing plate (4), a hexagonal nut (5), a circular nut (6) and an internal mixer (7); The shaft center of the rod body (1) has an axial through grouting channel, the outer surface thereof is a continuous thread structure, and is sequentially divided into a first wave thread section (20), a middle large thread section (21) and a last wave thread section (22) from the first end to the last end; the outer diameter of the first wave thread section (20) and the outer diameter of the last wave thread section (22) are both smaller than the outer diameter of the middle large thread section (21); a front helical residue discharge channel is formed in the first wave thread section (20); a rear helical residue discharge channel is formed in the middle large thread section (21); the drill bit (2) is installed at the first end of the rod body (1), and the first end of the drill bit (2) has a drill bit grouting outlet (23) in communication with the grouting channel; meanwhile, the outer diameter of the drill bit (2) is larger than the outer diameter of the first wave thread section (20) and smaller than the outer diameter of the middle large thread section (21); the anchor hole (24) in the center of the shear-resistant tray (3) is partially in a tubular structure protruding in the axial direction and continuously tapered in the inner and outer diameters, the inner diameter of the anchor hole (24) is larger than the outer diameter of the last wave thread section (22) and smaller than the outer diameter of the middle large thread section (21), and the shear-resistant tray (3) is slidingly sleeved on the outside of the last wave thread section (22) through the anchor hole (24); the torque fixing pressing plate (4) is in a hollow flat-bottomed spherical cap shape, and a mounting hole is formed in the center of the top thereof; the torque fixing pressing plate (4) is slidingly sleeved on the outside of the last wave thread section (22) through the mounting hole, and is closer to the last end of the rod body (1) than the shear-resistant tray (3); the hexagonal nut (5) is sleeved on the outside of the last wave thread section (22) through thread cooperation, and is closer to the last end of the rod body (1) than the torque fixing pressing plate (4); the outer diameter of the circular nut (6) is smaller than the outer diameter of the hexagonal nut (5), the circular nut (6) is coaxially fixedly welded at the last end of the rod body (1), and the inner thread cavity thereof is in smooth transition communication with the grouting channel; the main body of the internal mixer (7) is in a rod-shaped structure, and an outer thread structure matched with the circular nut (6) is arranged on the outer surface thereof; an axial through mixing cavity is arranged at the shaft center of the internal mixer (7), and a separation grid (25) for dividing the radial space of the mixing cavity is fixedly installed in the interior of the mixing cavity; the internal mixer (7) is connected to the interior of the circular nut (6) through thread cooperation, and the first end thereof extends into the grouting channel; The monitoring sensor (11) comprises a rod-shaped connecting body (12), a strain force sensor (15), a rotating speed sensor (16), a high-frequency vibration sensor (17), a well inclinometer (18), a load sensor (19) and a control mainboard; an inner hexagonal connecting hole (13) is formed at the axis of the front section of the rod-shaped connecting body (12), an outer hexagonal connecting head (14) is fixedly connected at the axis of the rear end of the rod-shaped connecting body (12), and an installation cavity is arranged in the middle section of the rod-shaped connecting body (12); the size and shape of the inner hexagonal connecting hole (13) are matched with the size and shape of the outer contour of the hexagonal nut (5); the monitoring sensor (11) is sleeved outside the hexagonal nut (5) through the inner hexagonal connecting hole (13) at the front end; the strain force sensor (15) is fixedly installed at the inner end of the inner hexagonal connecting hole (13) and connected with the control mainboard, and is used for collecting the propelling force signals of the rod body (1) and the drill bit (2); the rotating speed sensor (16), the high-frequency vibration sensor (17), the well inclinometer (18) and the load sensor (19) are all installed in the installation cavity and connected with the control mainboard, and are respectively used for collecting the rotating speed signal of the drilled and anchored rod, the high-frequency vibration signal of the drilled and anchored rod, the drilling angle signal of the drilled and anchored rod and the torque signal of the drilled and anchored rod; the control mainboard is connected with a main control chip and a wireless communication module; the wireless communication module is used for establishing the wireless communication connection between the main control chip and the outside world; the main control chip is connected with the strain force sensor (15), the rotating speed sensor (16), the high-frequency vibration sensor (17), the well inclinometer (18), the load sensor (19) and the wireless communication module; The output end of the drilling machine (9) has an inner hexagonal joint, the size and shape of the inner hexagonal joint are matched with the size and shape of the outer contour of the outer hexagonal connecting head (14) at the rear end of the monitoring sensor (11), and the inner hexagonal joint is sleeved outside the outer hexagonal connecting head (14) at the rear end of the monitoring sensor (11); The alarm reminding module is used for executing a voice alarm reminding action. The test host (8) is connected with the monitoring sensor (11), the drilling machine (9) and the alarm reminding module.

2. The integrated drilling and grouting intelligent monitoring system for anchor rod drilling according to claim 1, characterized in that, An annular limiting boss (26) is fixedly sleeved outside the tail end of the built-in mixer (7).

3. The integrated drilling and grouting intelligent monitoring system for anchor rod drilling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The built-in mixer (7) is made of nylon and is formed by grouting.

4. The integrated drilling and grouting intelligent monitoring system for anchor rod drilling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lengths of the first wave-shaped thread section (20), the middle large thread section (21) and the last wave-shaped thread section (22) account for 3 / 5, 1 / 5 and 1 / 5 of the length of the rod body (1) respectively.

5. The integrated drilling and grouting intelligent monitoring system for anchor rod drilling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drill bit (2) is a three-wing drill bit.

6. The integrated drilling and grouting intelligent monitoring system for anchor rod drilling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The part between the part of the shearing prevention tray (3) and the part of the anchor hole (24) at the periphery of the shearing prevention tray (3) is transitionally connected through a variable-diameter section, and 5-8 longitudinal ribs are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction of the variable-diameter section.

7. The integrated drilling and grouting intelligent monitoring system for anchor drilling according to claim 6, characterized in that, A display screen is arranged on the test host (8).

8. A drilling, sealing and grouting integrated anchor rod drilling intelligent monitoring method, using the drilling, sealing and grouting integrated anchor rod drilling intelligent monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: Step one: selecting a predetermined construction position on the rock surface; Step two: the inner hexagon connector on the drilling machine (9) is sleeved on the outer hexagon connector (14) at the rear end of the monitoring sensor (11), and the inner hexagon connector hole (13) at the front end of the monitoring sensor (11) is sleeved on the outside of the hexagonal nut (5) at the end of the anchor rod; Step three: the test host (8) is connected with the monitoring sensor (11) and the drilling machine (9); Step four: the clockwise driving force provided by the drilling machine (9) drives the hexagonal nut (5) to rotate towards the end of the rod body (1), and when the hexagonal nut (5) reaches the state of contacting the circular nut (6), the circular nut (6) is locked and the torque is transmitted to the rod body (1) and the drill bit (2), thereby driving the rod body (1) and the drill bit (2) to perform high-speed drilling operation; In the initial stage of drilling, the drill bit (2) breaks the large coal and rock body in the direction of travel, and the rotating front spiral-shaped residue discharge channel discharges the generated debris and cuttings out of the hole, realizing the preliminary drilling residue discharge and cutting discharge operation; as the drilling operation continues, the rod body (1) continuously penetrates into the hole, and when the first wave-shaped thread segment (20) completely enters the hole, the rotation speed of the drilling machine (9) is controlled to be reduced, and the middle large thread segment (21) is slowly driven into the hole, and the hole expansion operation is performed by utilizing the close contact process between the outer edge surface of the middle large thread segment (21) and the hole wall, and the rotating rear spiral-shaped residue discharge channel receives the debris and cuttings discharged by the front spiral-shaped residue discharge channel, and discharges the debris and cuttings out of the hole, realizing the subsequent drilling residue discharge and cutting discharge operation; when the middle large thread segment (21) completely enters the hole, the torque is continuously applied through the drilling machine (9), and when the end of the middle large thread segment (21) completely enters the hole, the drilling is stopped, and the drilling machine (9) is controlled to rotate in the opposite direction to provide a counterclockwise driving force, so that the monitoring sensor (11) drives the hexagonal nut (5) to rotate in the opposite direction towards the hole, and gradually pushes the torque fixing pressure piece (4) towards the shear prevention tray (3), until the front end of the torque fixing pressure piece (4) is pressed against the end of the shear prevention tray (3), and the front end of the shear prevention tray (3) is tightly pressed against the surface of the rock wall, and the torque fixing pressure piece (4) is continuously deformed by applying torque through the drilling machine (9), when the torque fixing pressure piece (4) reaches the flat state, it is determined that the set pre-tightening force state is reached, the torque application of the drilling machine (9) is controlled to stop, and the drilling machine (9) is removed, completing the installation of the drilling and sealing anchor rod; In each stage of drilling, the rotation speed sensor (16) is used to collect the rotation speed signal of the drilling and sealing anchor rod in real time and send it to the main control chip, the strain force sensor (15) is used to collect the pushing force signal of the drilling and sealing anchor rod in real time and send it to the main control chip in real time, the high-frequency vibration sensor (17) is used to collect the high-frequency vibration signal of the drilling and sealing anchor rod in real time and send it to the main control chip in real time, the well inclination instrument (18) is used to collect the drilling angle signal of the drilling and sealing anchor rod in real time and send it to the main control chip, and the load sensor (19) is used to collect the torque signal of the drilling and sealing anchor rod in real time and send it to the main control chip in real time. After receiving the rotation speed signal, the pushing force signal, the high-frequency vibration signal, the drilling angle signal and the torque signal, the main control chip sends them to the test host (8) through the wireless communication module. The test host (8) obtains the rotation speed data of the rod body (1) and the drill bit (2) according to the rotation speed signal, and judges the motion state of the rod body (1) and the drill bit (2) according to the continuous change of the rotation speed data. The test host (8) obtains the pushing force data of the rod body (1) and the drill bit (2) according to the pushing force signal, and judges whether the sticking and jumping of the rod body (1) and the drill bit (2) occurs according to the continuous change of the pushing force data in the drilling process. At the same time, when the sticking and jumping of the rod body (1) and the drill bit (2) occurs, the rotation speed of the drilling machine (9) is reduced, and the alarm reminding module issues a voice alarm reminding of sticking and jumping until the rotation speed of the drilling machine (9) is restored when the sticking and jumping disappears. The test host (8) obtains the high-frequency vibration data of the rod body (1) and the drill bit (2) according to the high-frequency vibration signal, and obtains the drilling speed data, the drilling acceleration data and the drilling displacement data of the rod body (1) and the drill bit (2) according to the continuous change of the high-frequency vibration data. The test host (8) obtains the angle difference between the rod body (1) and the drill bit (2) and the vertical direction according to the drilling angle signal, and further obtains the inclination angle data of the drill hole and the motion trajectory of the rod body (1). When the inclination angle data of the drill hole and the motion trajectory of the rod body (1) deviate, the rotation speed of the drilling machine (9) is reduced, and the alarm reminding module issues a voice alarm reminding of trajectory deviation until the rotation speed of the drilling machine (9) is restored when the motion trajectory returns to normal. The test host (8) obtains the torque data of the rod body (1) according to the torque signal, and obtains the power data of the drilling machine (9) according to the torque data. The test host (8) combines the motion state of the rod body (1) and the drill bit (2), the drilling speed data, the drilling acceleration data, the drilling displacement data and the power data of the drilling machine (9) to analyze the difference of the drilling medium in the drilling process in real time, so as to understand the stratification of the rock stratum in real time and obtain the rock stratum distribution data during the drilling process, finally achieve the purpose of identifying the rock stratum and obtaining the complete data of the internal surrounding rock. After obtaining the rock stratum distribution data, the test host (8) adjusts the drilling parameters according to the different rock strata during the drilling process, controls the drilling machine (9) to adapt to the different working conditions, and realizes efficient and safe drilling operation. Step five: grouting operation is carried out. S51: Stir the slurry thoroughly to ensure uniformity and fluidity of the slurry to meet the grouting requirements; connect the pressure sensor on the grouting pipeline, and then connect the two ends of the grouting pipe with the slurry outlet of the grouting pump (10) and the end of the built-in mixer (7), respectively; establish the connection between the test host (8) and the grouting pump (10) and the pressure sensor, respectively; S52: Use the grouting pump to pass the stirred slurry through the grouting pipe into the mixing chamber of the built-in mixer (7), under the action of the separation net rack (25), the slurry is further mixed uniformly in the mixing chamber, and then is delivered to the drill bit slurry outlet (23) through the grouting channel, and then enters the deep hole through the drill bit slurry outlet (23), in this process, the pressure sensor is used to collect the grouting pressure signal in real time and send it to the test host (8), the test host (8) obtains the grouting pressure data according to the grouting pressure signal, the outer edge of the middle large thread section (21) is embedded with the hole wall to play the role of compact plugging of the hole, and then plays the role of grouting pressure maintaining during grouting, under the action of pressure maintaining, the slurry continuously enters and fills the entire hole, and gradually enters the deep fracture, realizing effective plugging of the fracture, during the entire grouting process, the test host (8) controls the grouting amount according to the internal surrounding rock integrity data, to realize efficient and high-quality grouting operation; S53: When the grouting pressure data suddenly increases, the test host (8) controls the grouting pump (10) to stop grouting operation, and removes the grouting pipe, and then seals the end of the built-in mixer (7).

9. The integrated drilling and grouting intelligent monitoring method of a drill rod according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step four, after obtaining the rotation speed data, propulsion force data, high-frequency vibration data, drilling speed data, drilling acceleration data, drilling displacement data, drilling inclination angle data, torque data and power data, the test host (8) displays them in real time through the display screen.

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