Acoustic logging instrument and method for eccentrically measuring dipole transverse wave far detection

Abstract

The invention provides an eccentric measurement dipole transverse wave far detection acoustic logging instrument and method, the instrument comprises a core shaft, and an upper centralizer and a lower centralizer which are fixedly arranged on the core shaft at an interval, and the core shaft is also provided with a main control unit, a receiver, a sound insulator, an emitter and an electronic unit; the main control unit is electrically connected with the receiver, the transmitter and the electronic unit; the receiver is used for collecting sound wave signals; the sound insulator is used for isolating direct waves propagating along the instrument; the emitter and electronic unit is used for exciting to generate a monopole sound source and a dipole sound source; the mandrel can be in an eccentric state in a well through the upper centralizer and the lower centralizer, meanwhile, the upper centralizer and the lower centralizer interact with each other and can adapt to different well inner walls, it can be guaranteed that the mandrel is located at a preset angle, and by picking up reflected waves from stratums in different directions, the amplitude and phase difference of stratum waves can be judged, so that the stratum wave amplitude and phase difference can be accurately determined. And the reflector orientation is accurately positioned.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of oil exploration sonic logging, and in particular relates to an eccentric measurement dipole shear wave long-range detection sonic logging instrument and method. Background Art

[0002] Deep fracture-cave oil and gas reservoirs have rich reserves and huge development potential, but they face the challenges of strong reservoir heterogeneity and hidden oil and gas that are difficult to detect. Geophysical logging is the most direct and effective technology to determine oil and gas deep underground, but conventional logging can only detect 1-2 meters outside the well, and it is difficult to find hidden oil and gas tens of meters away from the wellbore. The development of remote detection logging technology is an important technical direction. At present, remote detection logging technology mainly includes electromagnetic wave and acoustic wave remote detection methods. Electromagnetic wave remote detection logging is sensitive to fluids in rock pores, and acoustic wave remote detection logging is sensitive to formation wave impedance interfaces. Therefore, electromagnetic wave remote detection logging is used to qualitatively characterize fluid properties, while acoustic wave remote detection is used to characterize the structure of geological bodies such as fractures and holes. Remote detection acoustic wave logging is the only reliable means to evaluate the geological structure of deep fracture-cave oil and gas reservoirs.

[0003] The earliest acoustic long-range detection logging technology used was the reflected longitudinal wave long-range detection technology developed in 1989, which had a detection distance of up to more than 40 meters, but had no directionality. With the continuous advancement of oil exploration and development technology, the non-directionality and limited detection range of monopole longitudinal wave long-range detection technology have made it difficult to meet the needs of horizontal wells and side-drilling wells in oil and gas field development. There is an urgent need to develop long-range detection acoustic wave logging technology that can detect farther and has azimuthity. In 2004, the dipole shear wave long-range detection logging technology appeared, and after nearly 20 years of development, the detection distance has been extended to more than 80 meters. However, the inherent directivity of the dipole sound source is 180° symmetrical, so the azimuth of the reflector obtained by the dipole shear wave reflection imaging logging has an uncertainty of 180°. This inherent technical defect has greatly affected the application of this technology in guiding oil field drilling, perforating and fracturing. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides an eccentric measurement dipole shear wave long-range detection acoustic logging instrument and method, which can pick up reflected waves from strata in different orientations and accurately locate the orientation of the reflector by distinguishing the amplitude and phase differences of the stratum waves.

[0005] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] An eccentric measurement dipole shear wave long-range detection acoustic logging instrument comprises a mandrel and an upper centralizer and a lower centralizer fixedly arranged on the mandrel at intervals, wherein the mandrel is also provided with a main control unit, a receiver, a sound insulator, a transmitter and an electronic unit;

[0007] The main control unit is electrically connected to the receiver, the transmitter and the electronic unit;

[0008] The receiver is used to collect sound wave signals;

[0009] The sound insulator is used to isolate direct waves propagating along the instrument;

[0010] The transmitter and the electronic unit are used to excite and generate a monopole sound source and a dipole sound source.

[0011] Furthermore, the upper stabilizer and the lower stabilizer both include a first slider plug and a second slider plug slidably set on the core shaft, and a plurality of spring sheets are symmetrically arranged between the first slider plug and the second slider plug, and the closer the extension direction of the plurality of spring sheets is to the end, the closer they are to the core shaft; at least two rigid springs are sleeved on the core shaft between the first slider plug and the second slider plug, and the same balancing slider sleeved on the core shaft is abutted between the two rigid springs.

[0012] Furthermore, the lengths of the multiple spring pieces are different.

[0013] Furthermore, the balancing slider can be detachably fixedly connected to the core shaft.

[0014] Furthermore, a main control unit, an upper centralizer, a receiver, a sound insulator, a transmitter, an electronic unit and a lower centralizer are sequentially arranged on the core shaft.

[0015] Furthermore, the main control unit, the sound insulation body, the transmitter and the outer wall of the electronic unit are all sleeved with sealing short sections.

[0016] Furthermore, it also includes at least one intermediate centralizer arranged on the mandrel.

[0017] Furthermore, the intermediate centralizer is arranged between the main control unit, the receiver, the sound insulation body, the transmitter and the electronic unit between the upper centralizer and the lower centralizer.

[0018] Furthermore, the receiver includes at least one azimuth receiver, the strip receiver has a built-in electronic circuit, and the outer cover is provided with a metal shell.

[0019] An eccentric measurement dipole shear wave long-range detection acoustic logging method comprises the following steps:

[0020] S1: Adjust the upper and lower centralizers to the preset eccentric positions and lower the instrument to the logging interval;

[0021] S2: The main control unit controls and turns on the transmitter and the electronic unit, and the transmitter and the electronic unit generate sound wave signals;

[0022] S3: After the acoustic wave signal enters the bottom layer and is modulated by the bottom layer and reflectors, it enters the receiver. The receiver stores the collected data after preliminary processing to the main control unit. The main control unit processes the azimuth information in real time and transmits the key data to the ground system for real-time analysis.

[0023] S4: Repeat steps S2-S3 until the instrument reaches the target layer and the measurement is completed.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0025] The invention provides an eccentric measurement dipole shear wave long-range detection acoustic well logging instrument, comprising a core shaft and an upper centralizer and a lower centralizer fixedly arranged on the core shaft at intervals, wherein the core shaft is further provided with a main control unit, a receiver, a sound insulator, a transmitter and an electronic unit; the main control unit is electrically connected to the receiver, the transmitter and the electronic unit; the receiver is used to collect acoustic wave signals; the sound insulator is used to isolate direct waves propagating along the instrument; the transmitter and the electronic unit are used to excite and generate monopole sound sources and dipole sound sources; the application enables the core shaft to be in an eccentric state in a well through the upper centralizer and the lower centralizer, and at the same time, the upper centralizer and the lower centralizer interact with each other, can adapt to different well inner walls, can ensure that the core shaft is located at a preset angle, can target the 180° azimuth uncertainty problem of dipole shear wave long-range detection, use a multi-azimuth receiver deviating from the well axis to break the symmetry of the original dipole receiver, thereby picking up reflected waves from formations in different azimuths, and accurately locate the azimuth of the reflector by distinguishing the amplitude and phase differences of the formation waves.

[0026] The invention provides an eccentric measurement dipole shear wave long-range detection acoustic wave logging method, comprising the following steps: S1: adjusting an upper stabilizer and a lower stabilizer to a preset eccentric position, and lowering the instrument to a logging layer section; S2: a main control unit controls and turns on a transmitter and an electronic unit, and the transmitter and the electronic unit generate an acoustic wave signal; S3: after the acoustic wave signal enters the bottom layer and is modulated by the bottom layer and a reflector, it enters a receiver, and the receiver stores the collected data after preliminary processing in the main control unit, and the main control unit processes the azimuth information in real time, and transmits the key data to a ground system for real-time analysis; S4: repeating steps S2-S3 until the instrument reaches a target layer and completes the measurement; the method can solve the problem of 180° azimuth uncertainty of dipole shear wave long-range detection, and adopts a multi-azimuth receiver deviating from the well axis to break the symmetry of the original dipole receiver, thereby picking up reflected waves from strata in different azimuths, and accurately locating the azimuth of the reflector by distinguishing the amplitude and phase differences of the formation waves. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is an eccentric measurement dipole shear wave long-range detection acoustic logging instrument in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2It is a schematic diagram of lowering an eccentric measurement dipole shear wave long-range detection acoustic logging instrument into a well in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a centralizer in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 The invention discloses an eccentric measurement dipole shear wave long-range detection sonic logging instrument provided with an intermediate centralizer in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] In the figure: 1, mandrel; 2, upper centralizer; 3, lower centralizer; 4, main control unit; 5, receiver; 6, sound insulation; 7, transmitter and electronic unit; 8, intermediate centralizer; 20, first slider plug; 21, second slider plug; 22, spring sheet; 23, rigid spring; 24, balance slider; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, which are intended to explain the present invention rather than to limit it.

[0033] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present invention described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0035] The present invention provides an eccentric measurement dipole shear wave long-range detection acoustic wave logging instrument, such as Figure 1 As shown, it comprises a mandrel 1 and an upper centralizer 2 and a lower centralizer 3 which are fixedly arranged on the mandrel 1 at intervals. A main control unit 4, a receiver 5, a sound insulator 6, a transmitter and an electronic unit 7 are also arranged on the mandrel 1;

[0036] The main control unit 4 is electrically connected to the receiver 5 and the transmitter and electronic unit 7;

[0037] The receiver 5 is used to collect sound wave signals;

[0038] The sound insulator 6 is used to isolate the direct waves propagating along the instrument;

[0039] The transmitter and electronic unit 7 are used to stimulate and generate monopole sound sources and dipole sound sources.

[0040] It should be noted that the main control unit 4 described in this embodiment is implemented by an embedded industrial computer, which has good anti-electromagnetic interference performance and can ensure the stable operation of the whole machine 24 hours a day without stopping; the main control unit 4 consists of two parts: the upper computer software and the lower computer. The upper computer software mainly completes the monitoring and management of the entire system and the data collection and processing; the lower computer is mainly responsible for the real-time processing and storage of data and the connection and communication function with the upper software.

[0041] The receiver 5 described in this embodiment uses sensors to sense sound waves in the surrounding environment and convert them into electrical signals; these electrical signals can be further processed, analyzed and recorded for subsequent audio processing, speech recognition, noise control and other applications.

[0042] The material used for the sound insulator 6 described in this embodiment is generally a material that can block or reduce airborne noise, and its purpose is to reduce noise interference by reducing the propagation of sound waves; common sound insulator materials include gypsum board, asbestos, cement, plywood, steel plate, aluminum plate and hard fiberboard, etc. These materials can effectively absorb and block the propagation of noise through resonance sound absorption; in addition to the selection of materials, the structural design of the sound insulator is also an important factor affecting its sound insulation performance. For example, the plate can be fixed around and then the closed air layer behind the plate can be connected to achieve the effect of sound absorption and sound insulation.

[0043] The core part of the transmitter in the transmitter and electronic unit 7 described in this embodiment is a signal generator, which is usually implemented by an LC oscillation circuit. The LC oscillation circuit is composed of an inductor L and a capacitor C. The oscillation frequency is changed by adjusting the capacitance value of the capacitor C. In addition, the transmitter also includes a signal modulation circuit and a power amplifier circuit. The signal modulation circuit modulates the signal to be sent onto a carrier for transmission and reception, and the power amplifier circuit amplifies the modulated signal so that it can be sent to a longer distance. For the electronic unit, its functions usually include signal processing, data storage, communication, etc. The signal processing part can be connected to the The received signal is filtered, amplified, demodulated and other processes are performed to extract useful information. The data storage part can be used to store programs, data and other information. The communication part can realize connection and communication with other devices, such as serial communication, Bluetooth communication, etc. When realizing electronic units, microcontrollers or single-chip microcomputers are usually used. A microcontroller is a highly integrated chip that includes multiple functional modules such as a processor, memory, and timer. It can be programmed to realize various applications. A single-chip microcomputer is a simplified version of a computer. It also includes modules such as a processor and memory, but its functions are simpler than those of a microcontroller.

[0044] Preferably, Figure 3 As shown, the upper centralizer 2 and the lower centralizer 3 both include a first slider plug 20 and a second slider plug 21 slidably disposed on the core shaft 1, and a plurality of spring sheets 22 are symmetrically disposed between the first slider plug 20 and the second slider plug 21, and the closer the plurality of spring sheets 22 are to the end in the extension direction, the closer they are to the core shaft 1; at least two rigid springs 23 are sleeved on the core shaft 1 between the first slider plug 20 and the second slider plug 21, and a balancing slider 24 sleeved on the core shaft 1 is abutted between the two rigid springs 23; it should be noted that the plurality of spring sheets 22 are disposed along the axial direction of the core shaft 1 and are evenly distributed on the outer periphery of the core shaft 1;

[0045] Furthermore, the multiple spring sheets 22 have different lengths. It should be noted that the different lengths of the spring sheets 22 can achieve non-coincidence of the core shaft 1 with the axis of the well according to different abutment requirements, and can be set according to a preset eccentric distance.

[0046] Furthermore, the balancing slider 24 is detachably fixedly connected to the core shaft 1. It should be noted that the balancing slider 24 described in the present embodiment is fixedly connected to the core shaft 1 by a fastening screw. The balancing slider 24 is mainly used for the balance and stability of the mechanical system. Its main function is to balance and adjust the center of gravity of the object to reduce the vibration and noise caused by imbalance. When the object is unbalanced, the spring between the balancing slider 24 can generate a certain elastic force to push the slider to move relative to the support to adjust the center of gravity of the object to restore its balance. It should be further noted that the design and manufacture of the balancing slider 24 need to take into account its stiffness and stability to ensure that it can effectively balance and stabilize the object.

[0047] Preferably, a main control unit 4, an upper centralizer 2, a receiver 5, a sound insulator 6, a transmitter and electronic unit 7 and a lower centralizer 3 are sequentially arranged on the core shaft 1.

[0048] Preferably, the main control unit 4, the sound insulation body 6, and the outer walls of the transmitter and the electronic unit 7 are all sleeved with sealing short sections;

[0049] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the sealing nipple is a device for protecting the pipe connection, usually used to prevent fluid leakage and interference from the external environment. It is usually composed of two semicircular metal shells, each of which has a semicircular groove for accommodating a seal. During installation, the two semicircular metal shells are buckled together and the seal is placed in the two semicircular grooves. In this way, when the pipes are connected, the seal can fit tightly against the outer wall of the pipe to prevent fluid leakage. At the same time, the sealing nipple can also effectively prevent interference from the external environment, such as temperature changes, vibrations, etc.

[0050] Preferred, such as Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment also includes at least one intermediate centralizer 8 arranged on the core shaft 1.

[0051] Furthermore, the intermediate centralizer 8 is arranged between the main control unit 4 , the receiver 5 , the sound insulator 6 and the transmitter and electronic unit 7 between the upper centralizer 2 and the lower centralizer 3 .

[0052] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the intermediate stabilizer 8 is suitable for when the core shaft 1 is long or the core shaft 1 is provided with external devices such as equipment with large mass, and therefore more intermediate stabilizers 8 are required to provide stable support so that the core shaft 1 can be fixed in the well according to the preset position.

[0053] It should be further explained that the upper centralizer 2, the lower centralizer 3 and the intermediate centralizer 8 described in the present application preferably use the same centralizer, and the centralizer can be any type of well logging centralizer, including but not limited to stainless steel lantern spring centralizer, rubber centralizer, etc.

[0054] Preferably, the receiver 5 includes at least one azimuth receiver, the strip receiver has a built-in electronic circuit, and the outer cover is provided with a metal shell.

[0055] It should be noted that the strip receiver described in this embodiment is a device for receiving and storing data, which is usually used together with a strip recorder. A strip recorder is a device for recording and storing data, which can store a large amount of data on a continuous strip. The function of the strip receiver is to receive data from the strip recorder and store it in a computer system. It usually consists of a receiver and a decoder. The receiver is used to receive data transmitted from the strip recorder, and the decoder decodes the data into a format that can be recognized by the computer.

[0056] The present invention provides an eccentric measurement dipole shear wave long-range detection acoustic well logging method, such as Figure 2 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0057] S1: Adjust the upper centralizer 2 and the lower centralizer 3 to the preset eccentric position, and lower the instrument to the logging layer;

[0058] S2: The main control unit 4 controls and turns on the transmitter and the electronic unit 7, and the transmitter and the electronic unit 7 generate a sound wave signal;

[0059] S3: After the acoustic wave signal enters the bottom layer and is modulated by the bottom layer and the reflector, it enters the receiver 5. The receiver 5 stores the collected data after preliminary processing to the main control unit 4. The main control unit 4 processes the azimuth information in real time and transmits the key data to the ground system for real-time analysis;

[0060] S4: Repeat steps S2-S3 until the instrument reaches the target layer and the measurement is completed.

[0061] Compared with the traditional dipole acoustic logging with 180° uncertainty, this method uses a stabilizer to enable two opposing dipole transducers to collect eccentric data. Data processing based on this can solve the uncertainty problem of dipole acoustic logging.

[0062] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An eccentric measurement dipole shear wave long-range detection acoustic logging instrument, characterized in that: The device comprises a core shaft (1) and an upper centralizer (2) and a lower centralizer (3) which are fixedly arranged on the core shaft (1) at intervals. The core shaft (1) is also provided with a main control unit (4), a receiver (5), a sound insulator (6), a transmitter and an electronic unit (7); The main control unit (4) is electrically connected to the receiver (5) and the transmitter and the electronic unit (7); The receiver (5) is used to collect sound wave signals; The sound insulator (6) is used to isolate direct waves propagating along the instrument; The transmitter and the electronic unit (7) are used to stimulate and generate a monopole sound source and a dipole sound source.

2. The eccentric measurement dipole shear wave long-range detection acoustic logging instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper centralizer (2) and the lower centralizer (3) both comprise a first slider plug (20) and a second slider plug (21) slidably arranged on the core shaft (1); a plurality of spring sheets (22) are symmetrically arranged between the first slider plug (20) and the second slider plug (21); the closer the plurality of spring sheets (22) are to the end in the extension direction, the closer they are to the core shaft (1); at least two rigid springs (23) are sleeved on the core shaft (1) between the first slider plug (20) and the second slider plug (21); a balancing slider (24) sleeved on the core shaft (1) is abutted between the two rigid springs (23).

3. The eccentric measurement dipole shear wave long-range detection acoustic logging instrument according to claim 2, characterized in that: The plurality of spring pieces (22) have different lengths.

4. The eccentric measurement dipole shear wave long-range detection acoustic logging instrument according to claim 2, characterized in that: The balancing slider (24) is detachably fixedly connected to the core shaft (1).

5. The eccentric measurement dipole shear wave long-range detection acoustic logging instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The core shaft (1) is provided with a main control unit (4), an upper centralizer (2), a receiver (5), a sound insulator (6), a transmitter and an electronic unit (7) and a lower centralizer (3) in sequence.

6. The eccentric measurement dipole shear wave long-range detection acoustic logging instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer walls of the main control unit (4), the sound insulation body (6), the transmitter and the electronic unit (7) are all sleeved with sealing short sections.

7. The eccentric measurement dipole shear wave long-range detection acoustic logging instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises at least one intermediate centralizer (8) arranged on the core shaft (1).

8. The eccentric measurement dipole shear wave long-range detection acoustic logging instrument according to claim 7, characterized in that: The intermediate centralizer (8) is arranged between the main control unit (4), the receiver (5), the sound insulation body (6), the transmitter and the electronic unit (7) between the upper centralizer (2) and the lower centralizer (3).

9. The eccentric measurement dipole shear wave long-range detection acoustic logging instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The receiver (5) comprises at least one azimuth receiver, the strip receiver has a built-in electronic circuit, and the outer cover is provided with a metal shell.

10. An eccentric measurement dipole shear wave long-range acoustic logging method, characterized in that: An eccentric measurement dipole shear wave long-range detection acoustic logging instrument according to any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises the following steps: S1: adjusting the upper centralizer (2) and the lower centralizer (3) to a preset eccentric position, and lowering the instrument to the logging layer; S2: the main control unit (4) controls and turns on the transmitter and the electronic unit (7), and the transmitter and the electronic unit (7) generate a sound wave signal; S3: After the acoustic wave signal enters the bottom layer and is modulated by the bottom layer and the reflector, it enters the receiver (5). The receiver (5) stores the collected data after preliminary processing to the main control unit (4). The main control unit (4) processes the azimuth information in real time and transmits the key data to the ground system for real-time analysis; S4: Repeat steps S2-S3 until the instrument reaches the target layer and the measurement is completed.

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