Dual-mode vertical shaft heading machine and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a dual-mode vertical shaft heading machine and a construction method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of tunneling equipment. Comprising a tunneling system, a chain bucket machine deslagging system and a muddy water deslagging system, the tunneling system comprises a cutterhead, a main drive and a front shield, the cutterhead is integrally in an inverted cone shape, and cutters needed for rock breaking are installed on the cutterhead and used for achieving tunneling rock breaking; the main drive is mounted in the front shield, is connected with the cutterhead and provides torque required by the cutterhead for rotatably breaking rocks; the chain bucket machine deslagging system comprises a chain bucket machine and a chain bucket driving structure; the chain bucket machine is a conveying mechanism for conveying muck and integrally rotates around the central shaft of the vertical shaft along with the cutter head; the chain bucket driving structure is used for driving a chain in the chain bucket machine to drive a bucket to rotate around a main drive; the muddy water deslagging system comprises a mud pump and a mud pipe which are connected with each other; the slurry pump is installed on the inner wall of the main drive and arranged in the center area of the cutterhead and used for conveying the slurry below the vertical shaft into the slurry pipe and discharging the slurry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel boring equipment, and in particular relates to a dual-mode shaft boring machine and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Vertical shaft construction equipment is a key factor in the rapid and efficient formation of vertical shafts. At present, the main methods of vertical shaft excavation include drilling and blasting method, drilling method, etc. Compared with traditional vertical shaft excavation methods, vertical shaft boring machines have obvious advantages in terms of shaft completion speed, safety, and economy, especially in the field of deep vertical shafts. However, there is no relatively mature set of vertical shaft boring machine construction equipment so far. The main difficulty is that the vertical slag discharge problem in the vertical shaft construction process has not been completely solved. At present, the slag discharge of vertical shaft boring machines mainly adopts muddy water slag discharge and chain bucket or bucket wheel slag discharge, but muddy water slag discharge is limited by the depth of the vertical shaft, and chain bucket or bucket wheel slag discharge has poor effect in mudstone and clay formations, and chain bucket or bucket wheel slag discharge has certain requirements for the starting depth of the vertical shaft. Therefore, for the construction of vertical shaft boring machines, the development of a vertical shaft boring machine with strong geological adaptability and reliable slag discharge has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a dual-mode shaft boring machine and a construction method thereof, aiming to solve the problem of vertical slag discharge of the shaft boring machine and adapting to various geological excavations.

[0004] The present invention provides a dual-mode shaft boring machine, comprising a boring system, a chain bucket machine slag discharging system and a muddy water slag discharging system;

[0005] The excavation system includes a cutterhead, a main drive and a front shield. The cutterhead is in an inverted cone shape as a whole, and the cutterhead is equipped with tools required for rock breaking to achieve excavation and rock breaking. The main drive is installed inside the front shield and connected to the cutterhead to provide the torque required for the cutterhead to rotate and break rocks.

[0006] The chain bucket machine slag discharge system includes a chain bucket machine and a chain bucket driving structure; the chain bucket machine is a transportation mechanism for conveying slag, and rotates around the central axis of the shaft as a whole with the cutter disc; the chain bucket driving structure is used to drive the chain in the chain bucket machine to drive the bucket to rotate around the main drive;

[0007] The mud and water slag discharge system includes a mud pump and a mud pipe connected to each other; the mud pump is installed on the inner wall of the main drive and built into the center area of ​​the cutter head, and is used to pump the mud below the shaft into the mud pipe and discharge it.

[0008] Furthermore, a lifting device for lifting the mud pump is provided above the mud pump, so as to adjust the position of the mud pump up and down according to the mud condition at the bottom of the shaft.

[0009] Furthermore, a liquid level sensor is provided at the bottom of the chain bucket conveyor to detect whether there is liquid.

[0010] Further, in addition to the above structure, the dual-mode shaft boring machine also includes a swivel joint and a bucket slag removal system;

[0011] The swivel joint is connected to the supporting support system and the bucket slag discharge system;

[0012] The bucket slag discharge system is installed on the rear supporting support system, and is used to lift the rock slag discharged by the chain bucket conveyor out of the wellbore and / or lift the rock slag separated by the mud separation system out of the wellbore.

[0013] Furthermore, in addition to the above structure, it also includes a mud separation system, which is installed on the rear supporting support system and can separate the slag and water from the mud discharged by the mud slag discharge system. The separated rock slag can be discharged out of the well through a bucket, and the separated mud and water can be injected into the lower face again.

[0014] The present invention also provides a construction method of a dual-mode shaft boring machine, comprising:

[0015] (1) The origination process;

[0016] Install the cutterhead, main drive, front shield and mud removal system of the dual-mode shaft boring machine described above from bottom to top;

[0017] As the shaft boring machine continues to dig downward, the bucket chain conveyor slag discharge system is installed;

[0018] (II) During the excavation process, when encountering mudstone and water-rich soft soil layers, the liquid level sensor at the bottom of the chain bucket machine detects a high liquid level, and the water content in the slag barrel is high and the slag is soft, it switches to the muddy and water slag excavator mode. The specific process is as follows:

[0019] Inject a certain amount of water into the tunnel face to meet the mud ratio requirements for mud-water tunneling;

[0020] Replace all buckets on the chain bucket machine with stirring rods. When excavating, start the chain bucket machine to drive the stirring rods to stir the mud at the bottom of the well to stir the mud;

[0021] Start the mud discharge system to discharge the mud at the bottom of the well to the mud separation system located on the rear supporting support platform; during this process, the mud pump lifting device will control the position of the mud pump relative to the bottom of the well in real time according to the information feedback provided by the bottom liquid level sensor of the chain bucket conveyor and the excavation process. If the mud pump is too high, it will affect the slag discharge effect, and if it is too low, the mud discharge port is prone to blockage;

[0022] As the cutterhead continues to advance, the position of the mud pump needs to be adjusted in real time according to the excavation process to control the mud pump to always be in the appropriate slurry discharge position;

[0023] The mud separation system separates the mud and slag. The separated rock slag is lifted out of the well by a bucket, and the separated mud and water are discharged into the face below again to achieve mud and water circulation.

[0024] Preferably, during the excavation process, when encountering a waterless or low-water stratum, the liquid level sensor at the bottom of the chain bucket machine detects that there is no liquid level, and the water content in the slag barrel slag is low, the chain bucket machine is switched to the slag excavation mode. The specific implementation method is as follows:

[0025] Shut down the mud slag discharge system and replace all the stirring rods on the chain bucket conveyor with buckets. During excavation, start the chain bucket conveyor to drive the bucket to rotate and discharge the rock slag at the bottom of the well to the bucket for slag discharge.

[0026] Preferably, during the excavation process, when encountering a water-rich hard rock formation, the liquid level sensor at the bottom of the chain bucket machine detects a high liquid level, and the water content in the slag barrel is high and the slag is hard, the dual-mode slag excavation mode is switched, as follows:

[0027] A bucket is installed on the chain bucket machine. When excavating, the chain bucket machine is started to drive the bucket to rotate and discharge the rock slag at the bottom of the well to the bucket for slag discharge;

[0028] Start the mud pump to drain the bottom water of the well to the rear bucket or directly discharge it out of the well through the water pump installed on the rear supporting equipment;

[0029] The two systems are enabled at the same time without interfering with each other.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] The present invention provides a dual-mode shaft boring machine and a construction method thereof, which are used in combination with a chain bucket machine slag excavation mode and a muddy water slag excavation mode to excavate a shaft, thereby enhancing the geological adaptability of the shaft boring machine and improving construction efficiency.

[0032] In addition to the above-described purposes, features and advantages, the present invention has other purposes, features and advantages. The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] The drawings constituting a part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0034] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a dual-mode shaft boring machine in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the initial state.

[0036] in:

[0037] 1. Cutterhead, 2. Main drive, 3. Front shield, 4. Rear supporting support system, 5. Chain bucket conveyor slag discharge system, 6. Mud slag discharge system, 601, lifting device, 7. Rotary joint, 8. Bucket slag discharge system, 9. Mud separation system, 10. Electrical control system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more clear and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the drawings of the present invention are all simplified and use non-precise proportions, which are only used to conveniently and clearly assist in explaining the implementation of the present invention; the "number" mentioned in the present invention is not limited to the specific number in the examples in the accompanying drawings; the directions or positional relationships indicated by "front", "middle", "back", "left", "right", "up", "down", "top", "bottom", "middle", etc. mentioned in the present invention are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have a specific direction, nor can they be understood as limitations on the present invention.

[0039] This embodiment:

[0040] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a dual-mode shaft boring machine provided by the present invention includes a cutter head 1, a main drive 2, a front shield 3, a rear supporting support system 4, a chain bucket machine slag discharge system 5, a mud slag discharge system 6, a return joint 7, a bucket slag discharge system 8 and a mud separation system 9;

[0041] The cutterhead 1 is in an inverted cone shape as a whole, and the cutters required for rock breaking are installed on the cutterhead 1, which is the only component for realizing rock breaking by the shaft boring machine;

[0042] The main drive 2 is installed inside the front shield 3 and connected to the cutter head 1 through a stud to provide the torque required for the cutter head 1 to rotate and break rocks;

[0043] The rear supporting support system 4 is installed at the tail end of the shaft boring machine, and each platform thereon is installed with various electrical and hydraulic components and other components necessary for the normal use of the shaft boring machine;

[0044] The chain bucket machine slag discharge system 5 is mainly composed of a chain bucket machine, a chain bucket driving system, etc. The chain bucket machine is a transportation mechanism for conveying slag, which can rotate around the central axis of the shaft as a whole with the cutter head 1, and can also drive the chain to drive the bucket to rotate around the transmission mechanism under the action of its own driving mechanism to realize upward slag discharge from the bottom of the shaft;

[0045] The mud discharge system 6 is mainly composed of a mud pump, a mud pipeline, etc. The mud pump is installed on the inner wall of the main drive 2 and built into the center area of ​​the cutter head 1, and can discharge the mud below the shaft.

[0046] Furthermore, it also includes a swivel joint 7 and a bucket slag discharge system 8, the swivel joint 7 connects the rear supporting support system 4 and the bucket slag discharge system 8; the bucket slag discharge system 8 is installed on the rear supporting support system 4, and can lift the rock slag discharged by the chain bucket conveyor out of the wellbore as well as the rock slag separated by the mud separation system 9 out of the wellbore.

[0047] Further preferably, the swivel joint 7 is composed of an outer sleeve and a core shaft with an intermediate channel. It is the only component that provides electricity and hydraulics to the chain bucket system and is also the only channel for mud to discharge slag upwards.

[0048] Furthermore, it also includes a mud separation system 9, which is installed on the rear supporting support system 4 and can separate the mud discharged by the mud slag discharge system 6 into slag and water. The separated rock slag can be discharged out of the well through a bucket, and the separated mud and water can be injected into the lower face again.

[0049] Furthermore, a liquid level sensor is provided at the bottom of the chain bucket crane, and the liquid level sensor is used to detect the liquid level condition of the excavation face and the thrust and torque condition of the cutter disc during the excavation process.

[0050] Furthermore, a lifting device 601 for lifting the mud pump is provided above the mud pump, so as to adjust the position of the mud pump up and down according to the mud condition at the bottom of the shaft.

[0051] When the shaft boring machine is in the starting state, the starting shaft depth of the shaft is relatively shallow. If the various components of the shaft boring machine are to be fully installed, a very high derrick must be erected on the ground to install the chain bucket machine slag discharge system 5 and the upper swivel joint 7, bucket slag discharge system 8, rear supporting support system 4 and other supporting systems. Obviously, this is not the most ideal shaft starting method.

[0052] The present invention adopts the following initialization method, such as Figure 2 As shown, the cutter head 1, main drive 2, front shield 3, mud slag discharge system 6 are installed from bottom to top of the shaft boring machine, and other electrical and hydraulic systems are installed on the ground first. When the shaft is excavated, the mud is directly discharged to the mud separation station installed on the ground. As the shaft boring machine continues to dig downward, the chain bucket slag discharge system 5 and the upper slewing joint 7, bucket slag discharge system 8, rear supporting support system 4 and other supporting systems are installed in sequence. At this time, the shaft has completed the initial excavation and all supporting systems have been installed, and further excavation can be carried out according to specific geological conditions.

[0053] When encountering mudstone or water-rich soft soil strata, the machine switches to the mud and water slag discharge tunneling machine mode. The specific implementation method is as follows: (1) Inject a certain amount of water into the face to meet the mud ratio requirements for mud and water tunneling; (2) Replace all buckets on the chain bucket machine with stirring rods. During tunneling, start the chain bucket machine to drive the stirring rods to stir the mud at the bottom of the well, thereby stirring the mud; (3) Start the mud slag discharge system 6 to discharge the mud at the bottom of the well to the mud separation system 9 located on the rear supporting support platform; (4) The mud separation system 9 separates the mud and slag, and the separated rock slag is lifted out of the well by a bucket, while the separated mud and water are discharged into the face below again to achieve mud and water circulation.

[0054] When encountering waterless or water-scarce strata, switch to the chain bucket machine slag discharge excavation mode. The specific implementation method is as follows: turn off the mud slag discharge system 6, and replace all the stirring rods on the chain bucket machine with buckets. During excavation, start the chain bucket machine to drive the bucket to rotate and discharge the rock slag at the bottom of the well to the bucket system for slag discharge.

[0055] When encountering a hard rock formation with a lot of water, the system switches to a dual-mode synchronous slag discharge excavation mode. The specific implementation method is as follows: (1) A bucket is installed on the chain bucket machine. When excavating, the chain bucket machine is started to drive the bucket to rotate and discharge the rock slag at the bottom of the well to the bucket for slag discharge; (2) The mud pump is started to discharge the water at the bottom of the well to the rear bucket or directly to the outside of the well by the water pump installed on the rear supporting equipment. The two systems can be enabled at the same time without interfering with each other.

[0056] By installing a liquid level sensor at the bottom of the chain bucket machine to detect the liquid level of the excavation face and the thrust and cutter torque during tunneling, the mode selection system in the electrical control system of the tunnel boring machine automatically generates suggestions for the slag discharge mode. The operator in the tunnel boring machine control room decides whether to use the chain bucket machine slag discharge mode, the muddy water slag discharge mode, or the dual-mode slag discharge mode based on the slag status and actual on-site working conditions. The tunnel boring machine operator only needs to manually switch the mode switch button in the operating room to switch the online slag discharge mode.

[0057] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dual-mode shaft boring machine, characterized in that: It includes a tunneling system, a bucket chain machine slag discharging system (5) and a muddy water slag discharging system (6); The excavation system comprises a cutterhead (1), a main drive (2) and a front shield (3); the cutterhead (1) is in an inverted cone shape as a whole, and a tool required for rock breaking is installed on the cutterhead (1) to achieve excavation and rock breaking; the main drive (2) is installed inside the front shield (3), connected to the cutterhead (1), and provides the torque required for the cutterhead (1) to rotate and break rocks; The chain bucket machine slag discharge system (5) comprises a chain bucket machine and a chain bucket driving structure; the chain bucket machine is a transport mechanism for conveying slag, and rotates together with the cutter disc (1) around the central axis of the shaft as a whole; the chain bucket driving structure is used to drive the chain in the chain bucket machine to drive the bucket to rotate around the main drive (2); The mud and water slag discharge system (6) comprises a mud pump and a mud pipe which are connected to each other; the mud pump is installed on the inner wall of the main drive (2) and built into the central area of ​​the cutter head (1), and is used to pump the mud below the shaft into the mud pipe and discharge it.

2. The dual-mode shaft boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A lifting device (601) for lifting the mud pump is also provided above the mud pump, and is used to adjust the position of the mud pump up and down according to the mud conditions at the bottom of the shaft.

3. The dual-mode shaft boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A liquid level sensor is also provided at the bottom of the chain bucket conveyor to detect whether there is liquid.

4. The dual-mode shaft boring machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: It also includes a swivel joint (7) and a bucket slag discharge system (8); The swivel joint (7) is connected to the rear supporting support system (4) and the bucket slag discharge system (8); The bucket slag discharge system (8) is installed on the rear supporting support system (4) and is used to lift the rock slag discharged by the chain bucket conveyor out of the wellbore and / or lift the rock slag separated by the mud separation system (9) out of the wellbore.

5. The dual-mode shaft boring machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a mud separation system (9), which is installed on the rear supporting support system (4) and can separate the mud discharged by the mud slag discharge system (6) from the slag water. The separated slag can be discharged out of the well through a bucket, and the separated mud and water can be injected into the lower face again.

6. A construction method for a dual-mode shaft boring machine, characterized in that: include: (1) The origination process; The dual-mode shaft boring machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is sequentially installed with a cutter head, a main drive, a front shield and a mud removal system from bottom to top; As the shaft boring machine continues to dig downward, the bucket chain conveyor slag discharge system is installed; (II) During the excavation process, when encountering mudstone and water-rich soft soil layers, the liquid level sensor at the bottom of the chain bucket machine detects a high liquid level, and the water content in the slag barrel is high and the slag is soft, it switches to the muddy and water slag excavator mode. The specific process is as follows: (1) Inject a certain amount of water into the tunnel face to meet the mud ratio requirements for mud-water excavation; (2) All buckets on the chain bucket machine are replaced with stirring rods. When excavating, the chain bucket machine is started to drive the stirring rods to stir the mud at the bottom of the well, thereby stirring the mud; (3) Start the mud discharge system to discharge the mud at the bottom of the well to the mud separation system located on the rear supporting support platform; during this process, the mud pump lifting device will control the position of the mud pump relative to the bottom of the well in real time according to the information feedback provided by the liquid level sensor at the bottom of the chain bucket and the excavation process. If the mud pump is too high, it will affect the slag discharge effect, and if it is too low, the mud discharge port is prone to blockage; As the cutterhead continues to advance, the position of the mud pump needs to be adjusted in real time according to the excavation process to control the mud pump to always be in the appropriate slurry discharge position; (4) The mud separation system separates the mud and slag. The separated rock slag is lifted out of the well by a bucket, and the separated mud and water are discharged into the face below again to achieve mud and water circulation.

7. The construction method according to claim 6, characterized in that: During the excavation process, when encountering a waterless or low-water stratum, the liquid level sensor at the bottom of the chain bucket detects that there is no liquid level, and the water content in the slag barrel is low, the chain bucket is switched to the slag excavation mode. The specific implementation method is as follows: Shut down the mud slag discharge system and replace all the stirring rods on the chain bucket conveyor with buckets. During excavation, start the chain bucket conveyor to drive the bucket to rotate and discharge the rock slag at the bottom of the well to the bucket for slag discharge.

8. The construction method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: During the excavation process, when encountering water-rich hard rock formations, the liquid level sensor at the bottom of the chain bucket detects a high liquid level, and the water content in the slag barrel is high and the slag is hard, it switches to the dual-mode slag excavation mode, as follows: (1) A bucket is installed on the chain bucket machine. When excavating, the chain bucket machine is started to drive the bucket to rotate and discharge the rock slag at the bottom of the well to the bucket for slag discharge; (2) Start the mud pump to drain the bottom water into the rear bucket or directly out of the well through the water pump installed on the rear supporting equipment; The two systems are enabled at the same time without interfering with each other.

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