Vibration reduction structure and method for open-type TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) adopting multi-cavity main beam

Abstract

The invention discloses a vibration reduction structure and method for an open-type TBM adopting a multi-cavity main beam, the vibration reduction structure comprises a cutter head and a main beam which are located on a TBM body, the main beam is provided with a plurality of cavities, each cavity is internally provided with a plurality of particles, the particles are stacked in each cavity in a stacking mode, each cavity is internally provided with a space for the particles to move, and each cavity is provided with a plurality of grooves. The particle size in the cavity on one side, close to the cutter head, of the main beam is larger than that in the cavity on one side, away from the cutter head, of the main beam; according to the improved TMB vibration reduction main beam structure, under the condition that the actual use space of the TBM is not additionally occupied, the function of an existing TMB main beam is achieved, the vibration reduction effect is achieved, vibration reduction is achieved through mutual friction and collision energy dissipation among particles in a main beam cavity, vibration of the open TBM in the operation period is reduced, and the service life of the TMB main beam is prolonged. Therefore, it is guaranteed that the whole device has better stability and safety, the accident probability of the TBM is reduced, the overhaul frequency is reduced, and the tunneling construction period is shortened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of full-face tunnel boring machines, and in particular relates to a vibration reduction structure and method of an open full-face tunnel boring machine using a multi-cavity main beam. Background Art

[0002] As the most advanced set of equipment for large-scale underground tunnel excavation and lining, the Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) has demonstrated a high degree of mechanization and automation in tunnel construction. It has been widely used in tunnel engineering for its many advantages, such as speed, efficiency, safety and reliability, excellent construction quality and little disturbance to the surrounding rock.

[0003] During the excavation process, the strong impact of rock crushing caused by the cutterhead will cause severe vibration of the propulsion system, thus affecting the working performance and service life of its key components. In addition, the vibration will also have a certain impact on the working environment of the construction workers. The dampers currently on the market are not well suited to the narrow space environment of the TBM system, and it is difficult to control vibration in multiple directions.

[0004] Therefore, adopting appropriate vibration reduction methods to reduce the vibration generated during TBM excavation is an important technical issue that needs to be solved urgently during the construction process. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a vibration reduction structure and method for an open TBM using a multi-cavity main beam, so as to reduce the vibration generated during the excavation process of the open TBM.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is:

[0007] An open TBM adopts a vibration reduction structure with a multi-cavity main beam, including a cutter head and a main beam located on the TBM body. A plurality of cavities are arranged on the main beam, and a plurality of particles are arranged in each cavity. The plurality of particles are stacked inside each cavity in a stacked manner, and space is left in each cavity for the particles to move.

[0008] Furthermore, the plurality of cavities are evenly spaced on the main beam, the main beam comprises two sides, one side is close to the cutter disc, and the other side opposite to the main beam is away from the cutter disc, and the plurality of cavities are evenly spaced between the two sides of the main beam (5).

[0009] Furthermore, the two cavities are arranged in upper and lower layers on the main beam.

[0010] Furthermore, the multiple cavities are six cavities, the six cavities are evenly spaced on the main beam, and a plurality of particles are arranged in each cavity.

[0011] Furthermore, the particle size inside each cavity inside the main beam decreases gradually from the cavity close to the cutter disc to the cavity away from the cutter disc, and the particle size in the cavity close to the cutter disc on the main beam is larger than the particle size in the cavity away from the cutter disc.

[0012] Furthermore, the particles are spheres made of steel.

[0013] Furthermore, the bottom surface of each cavity is rounded.

[0014] A method for achieving vibration reduction by using the vibration reduction structure of the multi-cavity main beam of the open TBM, the method comprising:

[0015] A plurality of cavities are evenly spaced on the main beam of the TBM, and particles are filled in each cavity. The vibration generated during the TBM excavation process is transmitted to the main beam through the main drive on the TBM body. The vibration of the main beam causes the particles in the cavity to move, and the particles rub against each other and collide to dissipate energy to achieve vibration reduction.

[0016] A finite element model for simulating the displacement of the vibration reduction structure of the multi-cavity main beam of the open TBM, the model includes the main beam, support shoes, and springs. The support shoes are fixed constraints, simulating the situation of tightening the rock wall during the TBM excavation process. The spring constraints between the support shoes and the main beam simulate the hydraulic rods on the TBM body, and the main beam simulates the particle-free main beam or the particle-containing vibration reduction main beam on the TBM body.

[0017] A method for realizing simulation using the finite element model includes: applying a horizontal exciting force to the front end surface of the main beam to simulate the vibration generated during the TBM excavation process, extracting the displacement data of the tail of the main beam, and analyzing the vibration reduction effect.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0019] 1. In the present invention, particles in the main beam cavity rub and collide with each other, and a large amount of energy is consumed through friction and collision to achieve vibration reduction, so that the vibration of the open TBM during operation is reduced, thereby ensuring that the device as a whole has better stability and safety, reducing the accident probability of the TBM, reducing the maintenance frequency, and shortening the excavation period.

[0020] 2. The vibration reduction structure of the present invention is to set a cavity for accommodating multiple particles on the existing main beam of the TBM, and to reduce vibration by consuming energy through collision between the particles. The improved TMB vibration reduction main beam structure of the present invention not only plays the role of the existing TMB main beam, but also has a vibration reduction effect without occupying the actual use space of the TBM.

[0021] 3. In the present invention, the particles in the cavity on the main beam can move in all directions, and the purpose of multi-directional vibration reduction is achieved through friction and collision energy consumption in multiple directions.

[0022] 4. The present invention can absorb vibrations of different frequencies. The particle size inside the cavity of the main beam of the present invention gradually decreases from the cavity close to the cutter disc to the cavity far away from the cutter disc, so as to absorb vibrations of different frequencies, so that the present invention has a better vibration reduction effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the vibration-damping main beam structure of the open TBM of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional perspective view of the vibration-damping main beam of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal particles of the vibration-damping main beam of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the finite element model used in the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 (a) is a comparison diagram of the displacement of the TBM generated by vibration during operation when using a main beam without particles and a main beam with particles to reduce vibration under the first exciting force value.

[0028] Figure 5 (b) is a comparison diagram of the displacements of the TBMs produced during operation using a main beam without particles and a main beam with particles for vibration reduction under the second exciting force value.

[0029] In the figure: 1-cutter disc; 2-top shield; 3-shield; 4-main drive; 5-main beam; 6-thrust hydraulic cylinder; 7-support shoe; 8-rear support; 5A~5F-cavity; 5a~5f-particles; 8-spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the invention clearer, the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0031] The present invention utilizes the particle vibration inside the vibration-damping main beam cavity to reduce the vibration generated during the TBM excavation process.

[0032] like Figure 1As shown, during one cycle of excavation of an open TBM, the gripper 7 on the TBM body holds the cave wall tightly to bear the forward reaction force of the TBM, and the thrust hydraulic cylinder 6 on the TBM body extends to push the TBM forward. At the same time, the main drive 4 on the TBM body drives the cutter head 1 to rotate, and the roller cutter on the cutter head 1 cuts into the rock to form excavation. Then the rear support 8 on the TBM body is lowered to support the TBM, and the gripper 7 is retracted by the thrust hydraulic cylinder 6. The thrust hydraulic cylinder 6 compresses and drives the gripper 7 forward. Then, the gripper 7 holds the cave wall tightly again, completing one excavation cycle. In this process, the roller cutter on the cutter head 1 generates strong vibrations in the process of squeezing and cutting the rock.

[0033] The present invention uses the main beam 5 of the TBM itself as a vibration-damping main beam, and a plurality of cavities are evenly spaced on the main beam 5. The main beam 5 includes two sides, one of which is close to the cutterhead 1, and the other side of the main beam 5 is far away from the cutterhead 1. The plurality of cavities are evenly spaced between the two sides of the main beam 5. Multiple particles are placed in each cavity, and the multiple particles are stacked inside each cavity in a stacked manner. The particles do not completely fill each cavity, and space is left in each cavity for the particles to move. The vibration generated during the excavation process is transmitted to the main beam 5 through the main drive 4 on the TBM body. The vibration generated by the main beam 5 causes the particles inside the cavity to move. The particles can rub and collide with each other to consume energy, thereby achieving a vibration reduction effect.

[0034] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in a specific embodiment, six cavities are evenly spaced on the main beam 5, and the six cavities are 5A to 5F, and the cavities 5A to 5F are filled with particles 5a to 5f respectively. The vibration generated during the excavation process is transmitted to the main beam 5 through the main drive 4 on the TBM body. The vibration of the main beam 5 causes the particles 5a to 5f inside the cavities 5A to 5F to move, and the particles 5a to 5f can rub and collide with each other to consume energy, thereby achieving a vibration reduction effect. In one embodiment, the particles 5a to 5f are made of steel, and the particles 5a to 5f can be steel balls.

[0035] The particles 5a to 5f in the cavities 5A to 5F are stacked together. When the main beam 5 vibrates, the particles 5a to 5f can rub and collide with each other to consume energy. The size of the particles 5a to 5f in the cavities 5A to 5F inside the main beam 5 gradually decreases from the cavity 5A close to the cutter disc to the cavity 5F far from the cutter disc to absorb vibrations of different frequencies. On the main beam 5, the particle size in the cavity close to the cutter disc is larger than the particle size in the cavity far from the cutter disc.

[0036] The bottom surfaces of cavities 5A to 5F are chamfered to increase the intensity of friction and collision between particles. Of course, the above arrangement of cavities 5A to 5F and particles 5a to 5f is only a preferred method of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the above arrangement of cavities 5A to 5F and particles 5a to 5f, and can be improved according to the shape of the TBM main beam and the different requirements of vibration reduction. At the same time, energy consumption can be controlled by controlling the size, number, layering and number of superimposed layers of cavities 5A to 5F. And due to this special filling method, particles 5a to 5f can move in all directions to achieve the purpose of multi-directional vibration reduction. In one embodiment, according to the size of the main beam 5, the cavity can be arranged in upper and lower layers on the main beam 5.

[0037] The present invention also discloses a vibration reduction method for an open TBM using a multi-cavity main beam, wherein the main beam 5 included in the full-section TBM tunnel boring machine body is used as the vibration reduction main beam of the open TBM, a cavity is arranged on the vibration reduction main beam, and particles are filled in the cavity. The vibration reduction method of the present invention does not occupy the already limited space inside the TBM, and by filling particles in the cavity of the vibration reduction main beam, friction and collision between particles inside the cavity when the structure vibrates consumes a large amount of energy, thereby increasing the vibration reduction efficiency. While acting as a main beam, the present invention is used to control vibrations in multiple directions, reducing the vibration of the open TBM during operation, thereby ensuring that the device as a whole has better stability and safety, reducing the probability of accidents of the TBM, reducing the frequency of maintenance, and shortening the excavation period.

[0038] In the present invention, the cavity for accommodating particles on the main beam 5 can be a fixed closed type, or a movable door can be provided on each cavity. When the cavity needs to be closed, the door can be fixed to the main beam 5 by bolts.

[0039] The present invention also discloses a finite element model for simulating the displacement of a vibration-damping structure of an open TBM using a multi-cavity main beam due to vibration. The finite element model is as follows: Figure 5 As shown, the experimental model adopts finite element structural analysis, and the model includes a main beam 5, a support shoe 7, and a spring 8. The support shoe 7 is a fixed constraint, simulating the situation of tightening the rock wall during the TBM excavation process; there is a spring constraint between the support shoe and the main beam, simulating the hydraulic rod, that is, the propulsion hydraulic cylinder 6 on the TBM body; the simulation method in the experiment is to apply a horizontal exciting force to the end face of the main beam to simulate the vibration generated during the TBM excavation process, and finally extract the displacement data of the tail of the main beam to analyze the vibration reduction effect. The present invention performs a simulation experiment in ABAQUS software, and obtains the displacement data by extracting the displacement time series of the tail of the main beam in the software. Figure 5The right end of the main beam 5 is the tail of the main beam. The main beam 5 included in the model is divided into two cases: a main beam without particles and a main beam with particle vibration reduction. The main beam without particles is the main beam used in the prior art TBM, and the main beam with particle vibration reduction is the main beam structure of the present invention.

[0040] The present invention uses a particle-free main beam and a particle-equipped vibration-damping main beam to conduct a displacement comparison experiment. The present invention uses a numerical simulation method to conduct a displacement comparison experiment on a TBM full-face tunneling machine using a particle-free main beam and a particle-equipped vibration-damping main beam.

[0041] like Figure 5 As shown in Figure 1, two different exciting forces were applied to the main beam of the full-section TBM tunnel boring machine for multiple experiments. By applying two different exciting forces F to the main beam of the full-section TBM tunnel boring machine to simulate the vibration caused by the extrusion, collision and friction between the cutter head and the rock wall during the operation of the open TBM, the displacement time history curves were obtained as shown in Figure 1. Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 The black curve in the figure is the displacement value caused by the vibration of the main beam during the excavation of the TBM using a particle-free main beam, and the red curve is the displacement value caused by the vibration of the main beam during the excavation of the TBM using a particle-containing vibration-reducing main beam.

[0042] Through the comparison of numerical simulation experimental results, it can be obtained that the peak displacement and the root mean square displacement are compared. Under the first exciting force value, the TBM adopts a vibration-damping main beam with particles, which can reduce the peak displacement by 16.07% and the root mean square displacement by 16.73% compared with the TBM adopts a main beam without particles. Under the second exciting force value, the TBM adopts a vibration-damping main beam with particles, which can reduce the peak displacement by 45.33% and the root mean square displacement by 43.56% compared with the TBM adopts a main beam without particles.

[0043] Finally, it should be noted that the contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to professional and technical personnel in this field. The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not used to limit the present invention. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions recorded in the aforementioned embodiments, or to replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An open TBM adopts a vibration reduction structure with a multi-cavity main beam, comprising a cutterhead (1) and a main beam (5) located on a TBM body, characterized in that: A plurality of cavities are arranged on the main beam (5), and a plurality of particles are arranged in each cavity. The plurality of particles are stacked inside each cavity in a stacked manner, and a space for the particles to move is reserved in each cavity. The size of the particles in the cavity on the main beam (5) close to the cutter disc (1) is larger than the size of the particles in the cavity on the side away from the cutter disc (1).

2. The open TBM according to claim 1 adopts a vibration reduction structure of a multi-cavity main beam, characterized in that: The plurality of cavities are evenly spaced apart on the main beam (5); the main beam (5) comprises two sides, one side being close to the cutter disc (1) and the other side opposite to the main beam (5) being away from the cutter disc (1); and the plurality of cavities are evenly spaced apart between the two sides of the main beam (5).

3. The vibration reduction structure of the open TBM using a multi-cavity main beam according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The two cavities are arranged in upper and lower layers on the main beam (5).

4. The vibration reduction structure of the open TBM using a multi-cavity main beam according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The multiple cavities are six cavities, the six cavities are evenly spaced on the main beam (5), and a plurality of particles are arranged in each cavity.

5. The vibration reduction structure of the open TBM using a multi-cavity main beam according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The particle size inside the cavity of the main beam (5) gradually decreases from the cavity close to the cutter disc to the cavity away from the cutter disc.

6. The vibration reduction structure of the open TBM using a multi-cavity main beam according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The particles are spheres made of steel.

7. The vibration reduction structure of the open TBM using a multi-cavity main beam according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The bottom surface of each cavity is rounded.

8. A method for achieving vibration reduction using the vibration reduction structure of the multi-cavity main beam of the open TBM according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The method comprises: A plurality of cavities are evenly spaced on a main beam (5) of a TBM, and particles are filled in each cavity. Vibration generated during the excavation of the TBM is transmitted to the main beam (5) through a main drive on the TBM body. The vibration of the main beam (5) causes the particles in the cavity to move, and the particles rub against each other and collide with each other to dissipate energy and achieve vibration reduction.

9. A finite element model for simulating the displacement of the vibration reduction structure of the open TBM using a multi-cavity main beam as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The model comprises a main beam (5), a support shoe (7), and a spring (8). The support shoe (7) is a fixed constraint that simulates the situation of tightening the rock wall during the TBM excavation process. The spring constraint between the support shoe (7) and the main beam (5) simulates the hydraulic rod on the TBM body. The main beam (5) simulates the main beam without particles or the vibration-damping main beam with particles on the TBM body.

10. A method for implementing simulation using the finite element model of claim 9, characterized in that: The method comprises: applying a horizontal exciting force to the front end surface of the main beam to simulate the vibration generated during the TBM excavation process, extracting the displacement data of the tail of the main beam, and analyzing the vibration reduction effect.

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