A cantilever tunneling device for controlling the deformation of surrounding rock

Abstract

The present invention is applicable to the technical field of tunnel excavation. The present invention discloses a cantilever tunneling device for controlling surrounding rock deformation, which includes a tunneling cantilever installed at the front end of a roadheader. A cutting bit is installed at one end of the tunneling cantilever away from the roadheader. Two longitudinal driving members are symmetrically installed on both sides of the roadheader. A longitudinal strip-shaped assembly seat is detachably connected to the output end of each longitudinal driving member. A plurality of support-type guiding mechanisms are installed between the two longitudinal strip-shaped assembly seats. A universal plugging mechanism is connected between the two longitudinal strip-shaped assembly seats. The universal plugging mechanism is located on the side of the support-type guiding mechanism away from the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel. An active shotcreting mechanism is installed on the support-type guiding mechanism at the very front end of the roadheader. The present invention solves the problems of uneven deformation of the surrounding rock and intrusion into the limit of the initial support when excavating a tunnel with a cantilever roadheader under soft stratum conditions, controls the overbreak and underbreak of the tunnel surrounding rock, and ensures the normal construction of the initial support of the tunnel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel excavation, and specifically relates to a cantilever tunneling device for controlling surrounding rock deformation. Background Art

[0002] Since some areas are post-seismic tectonic regions, the strata and rock-soil structures are loose, and the self-stabilizing ability of the surrounding rock is poor. There is a situation of large deformation of high in-situ stress surrounding rock during tunnel excavation. In addition, there are large areas of nature reserves in some individual excavation areas. In order to ensure the safety of tunnel construction and reduce the impact on the surface nature reserve, non-blasting excavation methods are usually adopted for tunnel construction in this area.

[0003] A cantilever tunneling machine is one of the non-blasting excavation methods. When the cantilever tunneling machine performs sectional excavation on the tunnel face, the cutting head continuously cuts the rock-soil mass on the tunnel face through rotating picks to achieve the purpose of excavation. Therefore, it is impossible to excavate the entire area of the tunnel face simultaneously, resulting in a time difference in the exposed deformation of the surrounding rock in different sectional areas. The surrounding rock in the area that has been excavated first loses the support of the surrounding rock-soil mass and begins to produce convergent deformation, while the surrounding rock in the area that has not been excavated is restricted by the surrounding rock and has not produced obvious deformation. When the excavation of the entire tunnel section is completed, this leads to the situation that some surrounding rock at the tunnel face has deformed and encroached on the limit, while some surrounding rock has not had time to deform. After the excavation of the tunnel section, the convergent deformation is uneven. Although the convergent deformation of the surrounding rock can be predicted by predicting the deformation amount, and the surrounding rock can be over-excavated in advance, and after the excavation of the entire tunnel face is completed and the surrounding rock produces convergent deformation, the design section requirements can be met. However, the predicted deformation amount is affected by geological conditions, rock-soil parameters, construction time, etc. It is difficult to make a good prediction under actual conditions. If blindly excavated outward, it may lead to difficulties in controlling over-excavation and under-excavation of the tunnel surrounding rock, increasing the consumption of shotcrete, which is not worth the loss. If pre-judged over-excavation is not adopted, the convergent deformation of the surrounding rock will affect the positioning and installation of the subsequent initial support steel arch, and ultimately lead to the deterioration of the long-term service performance of the tunnel structure. According to the initial support deformation situation of the tunnels constructed in this stratum, the horizontal displacement deformation of the tunnel sidewall is greater than the vertical settlement deformation of the tunnel arch crown, and the deformation in the range from the arch foot to the arch waist of the upper bench excavation of the tunnel is relatively serious. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The invention provides a cantilever tunneling device for controlling surrounding rock deformation, which is used to solve the problems of uneven deformation of the surrounding rock and intrusion into the limit of the initial support when excavating a tunnel with a cantilever tunneling machine under soft stratum conditions, control over-excavation and under-excavation of the tunnel surrounding rock, and ensure the normal construction of the tunnel initial support.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solutions adopted by the invention are as follows:

[0006] A cantilever tunneling device for controlling the deformation of surrounding rock, comprising a tunneling cantilever installed at the front end of a tunneling machine. A cutting bit is installed at the end of the tunneling cantilever away from the tunneling machine. Two longitudinal driving members are symmetrically installed on both sides of the tunneling machine. A longitudinal strip-shaped assembly seat is detachably connected to the output end of each longitudinal driving member. A plurality of support and guiding mechanisms are installed at intervals along the length direction of the tunnel between the two longitudinal strip-shaped assembly seats. All the plurality of support and guiding mechanisms are located at the front end of the tunneling machine. A universal plugging mechanism is slidably connected between the two longitudinal strip-shaped assembly seats. The universal plugging mechanism is located on the side away from the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel of the support and guiding mechanism. An active shotcreting mechanism is installed on the support and guiding mechanism at the very front end of the tunneling machine. A multi-section grouting pipe is inserted into the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel through the support and guiding mechanism.

[0007] Further, the longitudinal strip-shaped assembly seat includes a longitudinal strip-shaped seat body whose one end is detachably connected to the longitudinal driving member through a fixed seat body. A longitudinal guide rail is constructed on the longitudinal strip-shaped seat body. The two ends of the longitudinal guide rail respectively extend to the two ends of the longitudinal strip-shaped seat body. A plurality of strip-shaped holes are arranged at intervals along the extending direction of the longitudinal strip-shaped seat body. Each strip-shaped hole extends along the length direction of the longitudinal strip-shaped seat body. Both sides of each support and guiding mechanism are respectively assembled on the longitudinal guide rails of the two longitudinal strip-shaped assembly seats. The lower end of the universal plugging mechanism is slidably connected to the two longitudinal strip-shaped seat bodies.

[0008] Further, the support and guiding mechanism includes an arched assembly part and two connecting parts. And the arched assembly part has the same arc shape as the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel. The two connecting parts are respectively installed at the two ends of the arched assembly part. A sliding block is constructed on each connecting part. A fixing hole is arranged at intervals along the length direction of the sliding block. The sliding block is slidably assembled on the corresponding longitudinal guide rail. And a fastening bolt passes through the corresponding strip-shaped hole and fixing hole to fasten the longitudinal strip-shaped seat body and the sliding block.

[0009] Further, the arched assembly part includes an arched plate. A plurality of first articulated bowl fasteners are constructed at intervals along the arc extending direction of the arched plate. A first articulated ball is movably assembled in each first articulated bowl fastener. A guiding channel is opened in each first articulated ball, which radially penetrates the first articulated ball along the radial direction of the first articulated ball.

[0010] Further, adjacent arched plates among the plurality of support and guiding mechanisms are connected by an elastic telescopic support member. The bending shape of the elastic telescopic support member is the same as the bending shape of the arched plate. The cross section of the elastic telescopic support member is in a wavy shape.

[0011] Furthermore, the active shotcreting mechanism includes a first arc-shaped guide rail whose two ends are respectively connected to the support type guiding mechanism through adapter plates. A first sliding seat is slidably assembled on the first arc-shaped guide rail. A shotcreting assembly is assembled on the first sliding seat. A transmission assembly is constructed between the first sliding seat and the first arc-shaped guide rail.

[0012] Furthermore, the shotcreting assembly includes two second articulated bowl fasteners constructed at intervals along the width direction of the first sliding seat. Two shotcreting pipes respectively pass through the first sliding seat through the two second articulated bowl fasteners. Second articulated balls are constructed on each shotcreting pipe. The second articulated balls are movably assembled in the second articulated bowl fasteners. Shotcreting nozzles are installed at the upper ends of the shotcreting pipes. The lower ends of the two shotcreting pipes are connected by a shotcreting hose. A shotcreting joint pipe is constructed on the shotcreting hose.

[0013] Furthermore, the transmission assembly includes a driving motor installed on the first sliding seat. A driving gear is coaxially installed on the output shaft of the driving motor. The driving gear meshes with an arc-shaped rack. The shape of the arc-shaped rack is the same as that of the first arc-shaped guide rail. One end of a connecting screw rod is fixedly connected to the first arc-shaped guide rail. The other end of the connecting screw rod passes through the arc-shaped rack. Two locking nuts are threadedly connected to the connecting screw rod. The two locking nuts are tightened at both ends of the arc-shaped rack.

[0014] Furthermore, the universal pipe inserting mechanism includes a second arc-shaped guide rail, a hydraulic cylinder and two adapter seats. The second arc-shaped guide rail is arranged on the side of the support type guiding mechanism away from the inner wall of the tunnel, and the arc shape of the second arc-shaped guide rail is the same as that of the inner wall of the tunnel. The two adapter seats are constructed at both ends of the second arc-shaped guide rail. Guide blocks slidably connected to the longitudinal strip-shaped assembly seats are constructed on each adapter seat. A second sliding seat is slidably installed on the second arc-shaped guide rail. A bowl-shaped seat is installed on the second sliding seat. The hydraulic cylinder is arranged between the second arc-shaped guide rail and the support type guiding mechanism. The end of the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder is movably connected to the bowl-shaped seat through a connecting ball joint. An assembly joint is constructed at the end of the cylinder rod of the hydraulic cylinder. An assembly groove is constructed on the assembly joint. One end of a multi-section grouting pipe is assembled in the assembly groove.

[0015] Furthermore, the multi - section grouting pipe includes a head pipe and multiple assembled pipes. An insertion tip is formed at one end of the head pipe, and a first assembly port is formed at the other end of the head pipe. The inner cavity of the head pipe is the first grouting channel, and a plurality of first grouting holes communicating with the first grouting channel are opened on the peripheral wall of the head pipe. At both ends of each assembled pipe, a connection joint and a second assembly port are respectively formed. The connection joints of adjacent assembled pipes are thread - connected to the corresponding second assembly ports, the first assembly port of the head pipe is thread - connected to the connection joint of the adjacent assembled pipe, the inner cavity of the assembled pipe is the second grouting channel, and a plurality of second grouting holes communicating with the second grouting channel are opened on the peripheral wall of the assembled pipe, and the first grouting channel is communicated with each second grouting channel.

[0016] Due to the adoption of the above - mentioned structure, compared with the prior art, the technical progress achieved by the present invention is as follows: When the present invention is used for tunneling excavation of a tunnel, the longitudinal driving member is controlled to pull the longitudinal strip - shaped assembly seat, and the support - type guiding mechanism, the universal - type pipe - inserting mechanism and the active shot - creting mechanism are moved close to the tunneling machine. The tunneling cantilever and the cutting bit protrude forward. In this way, during the process of controlling the tunneling cantilever to drive the cutting bit to cut the rock mass, other components are prevented from blocking the actions of the tunneling cantilever and the cutting bit. After tunneling and excavating for a certain distance, the longitudinal driving member is controlled to drive the longitudinal strip - shaped assembly seat to move forward. During this process, a mortar pump is used to pressurize and pump the mortar into the active shot - creting mechanism, and at the same time, the active shot - creting mechanism is controlled to act so that it sprays the mortar on the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel. After the mortar on the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel hardens, a hard shell is formed on the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel. Then, the universal - type pipe - inserting mechanism is controlled to insert one or more multi - section grouting pipes into the loose part of the formation rock - soil structure through the support - type guiding mechanism and this hard shell, and according to the specific situation, when inserting the multi - section grouting pipe, the insertion angle and depth of the multi - section grouting pipe are adjusted to ensure that during the subsequent grouting process, the mortar can fully fill the loose part of the formation rock - soil structure, and under the restriction of the hard shell on the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel, the seepage of the mortar is avoided. Moreover, during the grouting process, the support - type guiding mechanism supports the hard shell to prevent it from detaching from the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel under the swelling of the mortar. After the grouting is completed, the multi - section grouting pipe is pulled out, the mortar gradually solidifies in the formation rock - soil structure, and the mortar close to the hard shell solidifies and becomes an integral part with the hard shell, improving the structural strength of the formation rock - soil in this area while increasing the connection strength between the hard shell and the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel. To sum up, the present invention can effectively solve the problems of uneven deformation of the surrounding rock and intrusion into the limit of the initial support when excavating a tunnel with a roadheader under soft ground conditions, control the over - excavation and under - excavation of the tunnel surrounding rock, and ensure the normal construction of the tunnel initial support. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0017] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention, and do not constitute a limitation to the present invention.

[0018] In the accompanying drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another angle of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the connection of the longitudinal strip-shaped assembly seat, the support type guiding mechanism, the universal type inserting pipe mechanism and the active grouting mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the longitudinal strip-shaped assembly seat in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the connection of the support type guiding mechanism and the longitudinal strip-shaped assembly seat in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the support type guiding mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the elastic telescopic support member in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the active grouting mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of another angle of the active grouting mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the universal type inserting pipe mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 11 is a schematic structural diagram of the multi-section grouting pipe in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 12 is an axial sectional view of the multi-section grouting pipe in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 13 is a schematic structural diagram of the end pipe in the multi-section grouting pipe in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 14 is a schematic structural diagram of the assembled pipe in the multi-section grouting pipe in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Labeled components: 100 - tunneling cantilever, 200 - cutting bit, 300 - longitudinal drive, 400 - longitudinal strip-shaped assembly seat, 401 - longitudinal strip-shaped seat body, 402 - longitudinal guide rail, 403 - strip-shaped hole, 404 - fixed seat body, 500 - support-type guiding mechanism, 501 - arched assembly part, 502 - adapter part, 503 - sliding block, 504 - fixing hole, 505 - first joint bowl buckle, 506 - first joint ball, 507 - guiding channel, 600 - elastic telescopic support member, 700 - active shotcreting mechanism, 701 - first sliding seat, 702 - second joint bowl buckle, 703 - shotcreting pipe, 704 - shotcreting head, 705 - second joint ball, 706 - shotcreting hose, 707 - shotcreting joint pipe, 708 - first arc-shaped guide rail, 709 - adapter plate, 710 - drive motor, 711 - driving gear, 712 - arc-shaped rack, 713 - connecting screw, 714 - locking nut, 800 - universal plugging mechanism, 801 - second arc-shaped guide rail, 802 - adapter seat, 803 - guiding block, 804 - second sliding seat, 805 - bowl-shaped seat, 806 - hydraulic cylinder, 807 - connecting ball joint, 808 - assembly joint, 809 - assembly groove, 900 - multi-section grouting pipe, 901 - end pipe, 902 - insertion tip, 903 - first grouting channel, 904 - first grouting hole, 905 - first assembly port, 906 - assembly pipe, 907 - second grouting channel, 908 - second grouting hole, 909 - connecting joint, 910 - second assembly port. Detailed implementation mode

[0034] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0035] The present invention discloses a cantilever tunneling device for controlling the deformation of surrounding rock, such as Figure 1-14As shown in the figure, it includes a roadheader, a tunneling boom 100, a cutting bit 200, a universal pipe inserting mechanism 800, an active shotcreting mechanism 700, two longitudinal driving members 300, two longitudinal strip-shaped assembly seats 400, and a plurality of supporting and guiding mechanisms 500. Among them, the tunneling boom 100 is installed at the front end of the roadheader, the cutting bit 200 is installed at the end of the tunneling boom 100 far from the roadheader, the two longitudinal driving members 300 are symmetrically installed on both sides of the roadheader, the two longitudinal strip-shaped assembly seats 400 are respectively detachably connected to the output ends of the two longitudinal driving members 300, and the longitudinal driving member 300 is generally a hydraulic cylinder 806. The above-mentioned plurality of supporting and guiding mechanisms 500 are installed between the two longitudinal strip-shaped assembly seats 400, these supporting and guiding mechanisms 500 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the tunnel, and these supporting and guiding mechanisms 500 are all located at the front end of the roadheader. The universal pipe inserting mechanism 800 of the present invention is slidably connected between the two longitudinal strip-shaped assembly seats 400, the universal pipe inserting mechanism 800 is located on the side of the supporting and guiding mechanism 500 away from the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel, and the supporting and guiding mechanism 500 at the frontmost end of the roadheader is connected to the active shotcreting mechanism 700. The working principle and advantages of the present invention are as follows: When the present invention is used for tunneling and excavation of the tunnel, the longitudinal driving member 300 is controlled to pull the longitudinal strip-shaped assembly seat 400, and the supporting and guiding mechanism 500, the universal pipe inserting mechanism 800, and the active shotcreting mechanism 700 are moved close to the roadheader, and the tunneling boom 100 and the cutting bit 200 protrude forward. In this way, during the process of controlling the tunneling boom 100 to drive the cutting bit 200 to cut the rock mass, other components are prevented from blocking the actions of the tunneling boom 100 and the cutting bit 200. After tunneling and excavation for a certain distance, the longitudinal driving member 300 is controlled to drive the longitudinal strip-shaped assembly seat 400 to move forward. During this process, a mortar pump is used to pressurize and pump the mortar into the active shotcreting mechanism 700, and at the same time, the active shotcreting mechanism 700 is controlled to act to spray the mortar on the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel. After the mortar on the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel hardens, a hard shell is formed on the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel; then, the universal pipe inserting mechanism 800 is controlled to insert one or more multi-section grouting pipes 900 into the loose part of the formation rock and soil structure through the supporting and guiding mechanism 500 and through this hard shell, and according to the specific situation, when the multi-section grouting pipe 900 is inserted, the insertion angle and depth of the multi-section grouting pipe 900 are adjusted to ensure that during the subsequent grouting process, the mortar can fully fill the loose part of the formation rock and soil structure, and under the restriction of the hard shell on the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel, the mortar seepage is avoided; moreover, during the grouting process, the supporting and guiding mechanism 500 supports the hard shell to prevent it from detaching from the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel under the impact of the mortar.After the grouting is completed, the multi-section grouting pipe 900 is pulled out. The mortar gradually solidifies within the formation rock and soil structure, and the mortar close to the hard shell solidifies and becomes integrated with the hard shell. While enhancing the structural strength of the formation rock and soil in this area, the connection strength between the hard shell and the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel is improved. In summary, the present invention can effectively solve the problems of uneven surrounding rock deformation and intrusion into the limit of the initial support during tunnel excavation using a roadheader under soft formation conditions, control the overbreak and underbreak of the tunnel surrounding rock, and ensure the normal construction of the tunnel initial support.

[0036] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 4 shown, the longitudinal strip-shaped assembly seat 400 includes a longitudinal strip-shaped seat body 401. One end of the longitudinal strip-shaped seat body 401 is configured with a fixed seat body 404, and the fixed seat body 404 is detachably connected to one end of the longitudinal driving member 300. A longitudinal guide rail 402 is configured on the longitudinal strip-shaped seat body 401. Both ends of the longitudinal guide rail 402 extend to both ends of the longitudinal strip-shaped seat body 401 respectively. A plurality of strip-shaped holes 403 are arranged at intervals along the extending direction of the longitudinal strip-shaped seat body 401, and each strip-shaped hole 403 extends along the length direction of the longitudinal strip-shaped seat body 401. Both sides of each support type guiding mechanism 500 in this embodiment are respectively assembled on the longitudinal guide rails 402 of two longitudinal strip-shaped assembly seats 400, and the lower end of the universal type inserting pipe mechanism 800 is slidably connected to the two longitudinal strip-shaped seat bodies 401. In this embodiment, the longitudinal strip-shaped assembly seat 400 serves as a connecting component to connect the longitudinal driving member 300 and the support type guiding mechanism 500.

[0037] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 5 、 6As shown in the figure, the support type guiding mechanism 500 includes an arch-shaped assembly part 501 and two adapter parts 502. The two adapter parts 502 are respectively installed at both ends of the arch-shaped assembly part 501, and the arch-shaped assembly part 501 has the same arc shape as the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel. Among them, a sliding block 503 is constructed on each adapter part 502, and fixing holes 504 are spaced along the length direction of the sliding block 503. Each sliding block 503 is slidably assembled on the corresponding longitudinal guide rail 402, and a fastening bolt passes through the corresponding strip-shaped hole 403 and the fixing hole 504, and the fastening bolt fastens the longitudinal strip-shaped seat body 401 and the sliding block 503 together. The specific structure of the arch-shaped assembly part 501 in this embodiment is that the arch-shaped assembly part 501 includes an arch-shaped plate, and a plurality of first joint bowl buckles 505 are spaced along the arc extension direction of the arch-shaped plate. A first joint ball 506 is movably assembled in each first joint bowl buckle 505, and a guiding channel 507 is opened in each first joint ball 506. The guiding channel 507 penetrates the first joint ball 506 along the radial direction of the first joint ball 506, thereby achieving the purpose of penetrating the arch-shaped plate. The working principle and advantages of this embodiment are as follows: According to the requirements for the grouting interval in the formation rock and soil structure, the distance between adjacent support type guiding mechanisms 500 can be adjusted in this embodiment. That is, loosen the fastening bolt, and then adjust the position of the support type guiding mechanism 500 along the length direction of the longitudinal strip-shaped seat body 401 to realize the adjustment of the distance between the support type guiding mechanisms 500. After completion, tighten the fastening bolt. Then, insert multiple multi-section grouting pipes 900 into multiple support type guiding mechanisms 500 respectively, and there is at least one multi-section grouting pipe 900 in each support type guiding mechanism 500. Moreover, the insertion angle of the multi-section grouting pipe 900 can be changed according to requirements. That is, the first joint ball 506 deflects a certain angle in the first joint bowl buckle 505, so that the guiding channel 507 is deflected by a corresponding angle. Then, extend the end of the multi-section grouting pipe 900 into the guiding channel 507, and control the universal plugging mechanism 800 to apply an inclined pressure to the multi-section grouting pipe 900, so that the multi-section grouting pipe 900 is gradually inserted into the formation rock and soil structure at a predetermined angle, thereby enabling the grouting range of one or more multi-section grouting pipes 900 inserted into the formation rock and soil structure to cover the entire area to be grouted, ensuring the strength and stability of the surrounding rock.

[0038] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 2 、 7As shown, among the above-mentioned multiple supporting guide mechanisms 500, an elastic telescopic support member 600 is arranged between two adjacent supporting guide mechanisms 500, and the two sides of the elastic telescopic support member 600 are respectively connected and fixed to the corresponding two arch plates. The bending shape of the elastic telescopic support member 600 is the same as the bending shape of the arch plate, and the cross-section of the elastic telescopic support member 600 is a wavy shape. In the process of adjusting the spacing between the two supporting guide mechanisms 500 of this embodiment, the elastic telescopic support member 600 will expand and contract accordingly. The working principle and advantage of this embodiment are: in the process of grouting the stratum rock and soil structure of this embodiment, the arch plate and the elastic telescopic support member 600 are supported on the above-mentioned hard shell, thereby avoiding the situation in which the concrete injected into the stratum rock and soil structure expands the hard shell and causes the hard shell to detach from the inner wall of the tunnel.

[0039] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Figure 8 , 9 As shown, the active spraying mechanism 700 includes a first arc-shaped guide rail 708, a first sliding seat 701, a spraying assembly and a transmission assembly. Adapter plates 709 are respectively constructed at both ends of the first arc-shaped guide rail 708, and the two adapter plates 709 are respectively connected to the supporting guide mechanism 500, the first sliding seat 701 is slidably assembled on the first arc-shaped guide rail 708, the spraying assembly is assembled on the first sliding seat 701, and the transmission assembly is constructed between the first sliding seat 701 and the first arc-shaped guide rail 708. The working principle and advantages of this embodiment are as follows: this embodiment controls the movement of the transmission component to drive the first sliding seat 701 to reciprocate along the guide of the first curved guide rail 708, thereby enabling the first sliding seat 701 to drive the spraying component to move synchronously, and at the same time pump mortar into the spraying component. The mortar is evenly sprayed on the inner wall of the tunnel by the spraying component, and under the drive of the longitudinal drive member 300, the purpose of continuous spraying of mortar by the spraying component is achieved to avoid leakage. This embodiment can also adopt a step-by-step spraying method, that is, the longitudinal driving member 300 is controlled to drive the longitudinal strip assembly seat 400 to move a certain distance, and the active spraying mechanism 700 is displaced a corresponding distance, and then the active spraying mechanism 700 is controlled to reciprocately spray the inner wall of the tunnel. After spraying this area of the tunnel, the longitudinal driving member 300 is controlled to continue to drive the longitudinal strip assembly seat 400 to move a certain distance, so as to realize the active spraying mechanism 700 to spray the next spraying area of the inner wall of the tunnel. Although this method has a lower efficiency, the spraying effect is greatly improved.

[0040] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Figure 8As shown in the figure, the shotcreting assembly includes two second articulated couplers 702 and two shotcreting pipes 703. These two second articulated couplers 702 are spaced apart in the width direction of the first sliding seat 701 and are constructed on the first sliding seat 701. The two shotcreting pipes 703 of this embodiment respectively pass through the first sliding seat 701 through the two second articulated couplers 702. A second articulated ball 705 is constructed on each shotcreting pipe 703, and the second articulated ball 705 is movably assembled within the second articulated coupler 702. In this embodiment, a shotcreting head 704 is installed at the upper end of the shotcreting pipe 703. The lower ends of the two shotcreting pipes 703 are respectively connected to both ends of a shotcreting hose 706. A shotcreting joint pipe 707 is constructed on the shotcreting hose 706, and the outlet end of the mortar pump is connected to the shotcreting joint pipe 707 through a pipeline. The shotcreting pipe 703 of this embodiment is movably connected to the first sliding seat 701 through a joint connection. In this way, during the spraying process, the spraying angle of the shotcreting pipe 703 can be adjusted, aiming to avoid the situation of spraying dead corners and ensure the comprehensiveness of spraying.

[0041] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 9 shown in the figure, the transmission assembly includes a driving motor 710, a driving gear 711, and an arc-shaped rack 712. Among them, the driving motor 710 is installed on the first sliding seat 701, the driving gear 711 is coaxially installed on the output shaft of the driving motor 710, the driving gear 711 meshes with the arc-shaped rack 712, the arc-shaped rack 712 is taken from a half external gear ring, and the shape of the arc-shaped rack 712 is the same as that of the first arc-shaped guide rail 708. The arc-shaped rack 712 of this embodiment is fixedly connected to the first arc-shaped guide rail 708 through multiple connecting screws 713. One end of each connecting screw 713 is fixedly connected to the first arc-shaped guide rail 708, the other end of the connecting screw 713 passes through the arc-shaped rack 712, and two locking nuts 714 are threadedly connected to the connecting screw 713. The two locking nuts 714 are tightened at both ends of the arc-shaped rack 712. The working principle and advantages of this embodiment are as follows: In this embodiment, by controlling the driving motor 710 to drive the driving gear 711 to rotate forward and backward alternately, the first sliding seat 701 reciprocates on the first arc-shaped guide rail 708. In this way, the first sliding seat 701 drives the shotcreting assembly thereon to move synchronously, achieving the purpose of reciprocally spraying the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel by the shotcreting assembly.

[0042] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 10As shown, the universal pipe inserting mechanism 800 includes a second arc-shaped guide rail 801, a second sliding seat 804, a hydraulic cylinder 806 and two adapter seats 802. The hydraulic cylinder 806 is arranged between the second arc-shaped guide rail 801 and the support type guiding mechanism 500. Among them, the two adapter seats 802 are respectively constructed at both ends of the second arc-shaped guide rail 801. The second arc-shaped guide rail 801 is arranged on the side of the support type guiding mechanism 500 away from the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel, and the arc shape of the second arc-shaped guide rail 801 is the same as that of the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel. A guide block 803 is constructed on each adapter seat 802, and the guide block 803 is slidably connected with the longitudinal strip-shaped assembly seat 400. The second sliding seat 804 of this embodiment is slidably installed on the second arc-shaped guide rail 801. A bowl-shaped seat 805 is installed on the second sliding seat 804. The end of the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder 806 is movably connected with the bowl-shaped seat 805 through a connecting ball joint 807. An assembly joint 808 is constructed at the end of the cylinder rod of the hydraulic cylinder 806, and an assembly groove 809 is constructed on the assembly joint 808. One end of the multi-section grouting pipe 900 is assembled in the assembly groove 809. The working principle and advantages of this embodiment are as follows: According to the different positions of the inserted multi-section grouting pipe 900, this embodiment can adjust the position of the universal pipe inserting mechanism 800 on the longitudinal strip-shaped assembly seat 400 to make it correspond to the position of the multi-section grouting pipe 900 to be inserted. Then, adjust the position of the second sliding seat 804 on the second arc-shaped guide rail 801, and then adjust the angle between the hydraulic cylinder 806 and the second sliding seat 804. Assemble one end of the multi-section grouting pipe 900 in the assembly groove 809, and the other end of the multi-section grouting pipe 900 extends into the guiding channel 507 of the corresponding first joint ball 506. Drive the hydraulic cylinder 806 to act, so that the multi-section grouting pipe 900 is gradually inserted into the formation and rock structure of the tunnel at a predetermined angle. In order to avoid deviation of the multi-section grouting pipe 900 from the predetermined angle during the insertion process, this embodiment can be manually assisted and corrected during the initial insertion of the multi-section grouting pipe 900. After inserting a certain distance, the formation and rock restrict the insertion end of the multi-section grouting pipe 900, and then the manual assistance measure is removed, and the hydraulic cylinder 806 is directly controlled to insert the remaining parts of the multi-section grouting pipe 900 into the formation and rock structure. Since the insertion force of the multi-section grouting pipe 900 in this embodiment is not particularly large, during the pipe insertion process, the second arc-shaped guide rail 801 and the hydraulic cylinder 806 can be held by hand to avoid relative movement between the second arc-shaped guide rail 801 and the longitudinal strip-shaped assembly seat 400, and at the same time avoid relative movement between the second sliding seat 804 and the second arc-shaped guide rail 801.

[0043] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as Figures 11-14As shown in the figure, the multi-section grouting pipe 900 includes a head pipe 901 and multiple assembled pipes 906. An insertion tip 902 is formed at one end of the head pipe 901, and a first assembly port 905 is formed at the other end of the head pipe 901. The inner cavity of the head pipe 901 is a first grouting channel 903, and a plurality of first grouting holes 904 are formed in the peripheral wall of the head pipe 901, and these first grouting holes 904 are all communicated with the first grouting channel 903. In this embodiment, connection joints 909 and second assembly ports 910 are respectively formed at both ends of each assembled pipe 906. The connection joints 909 of two adjacent assembled pipes 906 are threadedly connected to the corresponding second assembly ports 910, and the first assembly port 905 of the head pipe 901 is threadedly connected to the connection joint 909 of the adjacent assembled pipe 906. The inner cavity of the assembled pipe 906 is a second grouting channel 907. A plurality of second grouting holes 908 are formed in the peripheral wall of the assembled pipe 906, and these second grouting holes 908 are all communicated with the second grouting channel 907, and the first grouting channel 903 is communicated with each second grouting channel 907. The working principle and advantages of this embodiment are as follows: Since the length of the multi-section grouting pipe 900 is relatively long, when using the universal pipe insertion mechanism 800 to insert the multi-section grouting pipe 900 as a whole, the entire operation process is restricted by space and the pipe insertion operation cannot be completed. Therefore, an appropriate number of assembled pipes 906 are first assembled together, and then the head pipe 901 is connected to the assembled pipe 906 at the end. After that, the assembled part of the multi-section grouting pipe 900 is inserted into the inner wall of the tunnel using the universal pipe insertion mechanism 800. After the insertion is completed, the remaining assembled pipes 906 are assembled together and connected to the inserted part. Then, the universal pipe insertion mechanism 800 is used to insert it into the inner wall of the tunnel again; after completion, the end of the multi-section grouting pipe 900 is connected to the grouting pump, and the grouting pump injects concrete into the formation rock and soil structure through the multi-section grouting pipe 900. In this embodiment, by increasing or decreasing the number of assembled pipes 906, the length of the multi-section grouting pipe 900 is adjusted, so as to insert the multi-section grouting pipe 900 into different depths of the formation rock and soil structure and achieve the purpose of adjusting the grouting depth.

[0044] Finally, it should be noted that the above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cantilever tunneling device for controlling the deformation of surrounding rock, comprising a tunneling cantilever installed at the front end of a roadheader, and a cutting bit installed at one end of the tunneling cantilever away from the roadheader, characterized in that: Two longitudinal driving members are symmetrically installed on both sides of the tunnel boring machine, and a longitudinal strip assembly seat is detachably connected to the output end of each of the longitudinal driving members, and a plurality of supporting guide mechanisms are installed at intervals along the length direction of the tunnel between the two longitudinal strip assembly seats. These supporting guide mechanisms are all located at the front end of the tunnel boring machine, and a universal pipe insertion mechanism is slidably connected between the two longitudinal strip assembly seats, and the universal pipe insertion mechanism is located on the side of the supporting guide mechanism away from the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel, and an active grouting mechanism is installed on the supporting guide mechanism located at the front end of the tunnel boring machine, and a multi-section grouting pipe is inserted into the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel through the supporting guide mechanism; the longitudinal strip assembly seat includes a longitudinal strip seat body, one end of which is detachably connected to the longitudinal driving member through a fixed seat body, and a longitudinal guide rail is constructed on the longitudinal strip seat body, and the two ends of the longitudinal guide rail extend to the two ends of the longitudinal strip seat body respectively, and a plurality of strip holes are spaced apart on the longitudinal strip seat body along its extension direction, and each of the strip holes Extending along the length direction of the longitudinal strip seat body, the two sides of each supporting guide mechanism are respectively assembled on the longitudinal guide rails of the two longitudinal strip assembly seats, and the lower end of the universal insertion mechanism is slidably connected with the two longitudinal strip seat bodies; the supporting guide mechanism includes an arched assembly part and two adapter parts, and the arched assembly part has the same arc shape as the inner wall of the tunnel, and the two adapter parts are respectively installed at the two ends of the arched assembly part, and a sliding block is constructed on each of the adapter parts, and fixing holes are provided on the sliding block at intervals along its length direction, and the sliding block is slidably assembled on the corresponding longitudinal guide rails, and the fastening bolts pass through the corresponding strip holes and the fixing holes and fasten the longitudinal strip seat body and the sliding block; the arched assembly part includes an arched plate, and a plurality of first joint bowl buckles are constructed on the arched plate at intervals along its arc extension direction, and a first joint ball is movably assembled in each of the first joint bowl buckles, and a guide channel is provided in each of the first joint balls that penetrates the first joint ball along the radial direction of the first joint ball.

2. The cantilever tunneling device for controlling the deformation of surrounding rock according to claim 1, wherein: Two adjacent arched plates in the plurality of supporting guide mechanisms are connected via an elastic telescopic supporting member, the bending shape of the elastic telescopic supporting member is the same as that of the arched plate, and the cross section of the elastic telescopic supporting member is wavy.

3. The cantilever tunneling device for controlling the deformation of surrounding rock according to claim 1, wherein: The active spraying mechanism includes a first arc-shaped guide rail whose two ends are connected to the supporting guide mechanism through adapter plates, a first sliding seat is slidably mounted on the first arc-shaped guide rail, a spraying assembly is mounted on the first sliding seat, and a transmission assembly is constructed between the first sliding seat and the first arc-shaped guide rail.

4. A cantilever tunneling device for controlling the deformation of surrounding rock according to claim 3, characterized in that: The spray assembly includes two second joint bowl buckles constructed on the first sliding seat at intervals along the width direction of the first sliding seat. The two spray pipes pass through the first sliding seat respectively through the two second joint bowl buckles. A second joint ball is constructed on each spray pipe. The second joint ball is movably assembled in the second joint bowl buckle. A spray head is installed on the upper end of the spray pipe. The lower ends of the two spray pipes are connected by a spray hose, and a spray joint pipe is constructed on the spray hose.

5. The cantilever tunneling device for controlling the deformation of surrounding rock according to claim 3, characterized in that: The transmission assembly includes a driving motor mounted on the first sliding seat. A driving gear is coaxially mounted on the output shaft of the driving motor. The driving gear meshes with an arc-shaped rack. The shape of the arc-shaped rack is the same as that of the first arc-shaped guide rail. One end of a connecting screw rod is fixedly connected to the first arc-shaped guide rail. The other end of the connecting screw rod passes through the arc-shaped rack. Two locking nuts are threadedly connected to the connecting screw rod, and the two locking nuts are tightened at both ends of the arc-shaped rack.

6. The cantilever tunneling device for controlling surrounding rock deformation according to claim 1, wherein: The universal catheter inserting mechanism includes a second arc-shaped guide rail, a hydraulic cylinder and two adapter seats. The second arc-shaped guide rail is arranged on the side of the supporting guide mechanism away from the inner wall of the tunnel, and the arc shape of the second arc-shaped guide rail is the same as that of the inner wall of the tunnel. The two adapter seats are constructed at both ends of the second arc-shaped guide rail. Guide blocks slidably connected to the longitudinal strip-shaped assembly seat are constructed on each adapter seat. A second sliding seat is slidably mounted on the second arc-shaped guide rail. A bowl-shaped seat is mounted on the second sliding seat. The hydraulic cylinder is arranged between the second arc-shaped guide rail and the supporting guide mechanism. The end of the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder is movably connected to the bowl-shaped seat through a connecting ball joint. An assembly joint is constructed at the end of the cylinder rod of the hydraulic cylinder. An assembly groove is constructed on the assembly joint. One end of the multi-section grouting pipe is assembled in the assembly groove.

7. A cantilever tunneling device for controlling the deformation of surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-section grouting pipe includes a head pipe and multiple assembled pipes. An insertion tip is constructed at one end of the head pipe. A first assembly port is constructed at the other end of the head pipe. The inner cavity of the head pipe is a first grouting channel. A plurality of first grouting holes communicating with the first grouting channel are opened on the peripheral wall of the head pipe. Connecting joints and second assembly ports are respectively constructed at both ends of each assembled pipe. The connecting joints of adjacent assembled pipes are threadedly connected to the corresponding second assembly ports. The first assembly port of the head pipe is threadedly connected to the connecting joint of the adjacent assembled pipe. The inner cavity of the assembled pipe is a second grouting channel. A plurality of second grouting holes communicating with the second grouting channel are opened on the peripheral wall of the assembled pipe, and the first grouting channel communicates with each second grouting channel.

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