Visual detection method and system for bivalent copper ions in water body and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a visual detection method and system for bivalent copper ions in a water body and electronic equipment, and the method comprises the following steps: obtaining a test fluorescence image of a test microstructure folding sensor under the irradiation of a preset fluorescence excitation unit and a contrast fluorescence image of a contrast microstructure folding sensor under the irradiation of the preset fluorescence excitation unit; a to-be-tested water body is dropwise added into the test microstructure folding sensor; establishing a color change calibration curve of reaction of the microstructure folding sensor and standard solutions with different Cu < 2 + > concentrations; determining a first Cu < 2 + > concentration corresponding to the contrast fluorescence image and a second Cu < 2 + > concentration corresponding to the test fluorescence image by combining the color of the contrast fluorescence image, the color of the test fluorescence image and the calibration curve; combining the first Cu < 2 + > concentration and the second Cu < 2 + > concentration to obtain the target Cu < 2 + > concentration of the current water sample to be detected. The problems that an existing Cu < 2 + > detection method is long in period and tedious in operation are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of optical sensing technology, and in particular to a method, system and electronic equipment for visually detecting divalent copper ions in water. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of social economy, the global mining of mineral resources, the advancement of industrialization, the large-scale use of agricultural fertilizers and pesticides, and the discharge of industrial wastewater have led to the continuous increase in heavy metal pollution in water, soil and air. As an essential trace element, heavy metal copper has certain biological effects on plants, animals and humans, but its excessive accumulation in the body will cause serious health problems. Long-term intake of excessive Cu 2+ It may cause damage to important organs such as the liver and kidneys, and even cause serious diseases such as cell mutation and cancer, directly threatening human health and the balance of the ecosystem. Long-term excessive intake of Cu 2+ It will cause biological damage in the body, promote cell canceration, and directly threaten life and health.

[0003] Currently, Cu 2+ Pollution detection methods mainly include flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS), electrochemical method and UV-visible spectrophotometry. These traditional detection methods have high accuracy in the laboratory, but they often require complex sample pretreatment and expensive instruments and equipment, which greatly limits their application in on-site monitoring and emergency detection. In addition, these methods have long detection cycles and cumbersome operations, and cannot meet the needs of fast and convenient detection. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a method, system and electronic equipment for visual detection of divalent copper ions in water, which solves the problems of the existing Cu 2+ The detection method has a long cycle and cumbersome operation.

[0005] At least one embodiment of the present invention provides a method for visually detecting divalent copper ions in water, comprising:

[0006] Acquire a test fluorescence image of the test microstructure folded sensor under the irradiation of a preset fluorescence excitation unit, and a comparative fluorescence image of the comparative microstructure folded sensor under the irradiation of a preset fluorescence excitation unit, wherein both the test microstructure folded sensor and the comparative microstructure folded sensor have superhydrophobic filter paper modified with AuAgNCs solution, and the test microstructure folded sensor is dripped with water to be tested;

[0007] Establishment of microstructured folded sensors with different Cu 2+Calibration curve of color change of standard solution reaction of concentration;

[0008] Combine the color of the contrast fluorescence image, the color of the test fluorescence image and the calibration curve to determine the first Cu 2+ concentration, and the corresponding experimental fluorescence image of the second Cu 2+ concentration;

[0009] Combined with the first Cu 2+ concentration and the second Cu 2+ concentration, and obtain the target Cu of the current water sample to be tested 2+ concentration.

[0010] The technical solution disclosed in the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0011] The microstructure folded sensor was made of superhydrophobic filter paper modified with AuAgNCs solution. 2+ The fluorescence reaction with AuAgNCs solution can be determined by the color change of the superhydrophobic filter paper on the microstructure folded sensor based on the established calibration curve. 2+ concentration;

[0012] When taking the experimental fluorescence image, the Cu directly determined above is affected by the changes in the ambient light or other external factors. 2+ The concentration has a certain deviation. The present invention determines the first Cu on the corresponding contrast fluorescence image by combining the color of the contrast fluorescence image, the color of the test fluorescence image and the calibration curve. 2+ concentration, and the corresponding experimental fluorescence image of the second Cu 2+ concentration, due to the first Cu 2+ The concentration should be 0, and the first Cu 2+ Concentration deviation can adjust the second Cu 2+ concentration value, so that it is consistent with the actual Cu 2+ The concentration is closer to the target Cu 2+ concentration;

[0013] Through the above method, Cu 2+ The fluorescence reaction with AuAgNCs solution is fast and easy to operate, which greatly simplifies the aqueous Cu 2+ The detection steps of concentration and the detection speed are improved. By comparing the setting of microstructure folding sensor, the method is also enhanced in detecting Cu 2+ Accuracy of concentration.

[0014] In a method for visual detection of divalent copper ions in water provided by one embodiment of the present invention, the steps of obtaining the test fluorescence image and the comparison fluorescence image include:

[0015] Acquire an initial test fluorescence image of the test microstructure folded sensor under the illumination of a preset fluorescence excitation unit, and an initial comparison fluorescence image of the comparison microstructure folded sensor under the illumination of a preset fluorescence excitation unit;

[0016] Calculating the variance and entropy of the RGB color distribution in the initial test fluorescence image or the initial comparison fluorescence image;

[0017] According to the variance and entropy value, selecting HSV color space, Lab color space or RGB color space as the target color space;

[0018] The initial test fluorescence image and the initial comparison fluorescence image are converted from the current color space to the target color space to obtain a test fluorescence image and a comparison fluorescence image.

[0019] The technical solution disclosed in the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0020] By converting the initial test fluorescence image and the initial comparison fluorescence image from the current color space to the target color space, the accuracy and robustness of concentration measurement can be improved. Different from the traditional RGB data processing method, this processing method can dynamically select the most suitable color space according to the characteristics of the sample, thereby reducing the influence of external factors such as light changes and shadows when acquiring fluorescence images, especially when the sample colors are close or the environmental conditions are unstable, which leads to increased measurement errors.

[0021] In a method for visual detection of divalent copper ions in water provided by one embodiment of the present invention, selecting HSV color space, Lab color space or RGB color space as the target color space according to the variance and entropy value includes:

[0022] When the entropy value is higher than a first preset value, the HSV color space is used as a target color space;

[0023] When the entropy value is lower than a first preset value and the variance is higher than a second preset value, taking the Lab color space as a target color space;

[0024] When the entropy value is lower than a first preset value and the variance is lower than a second preset value, the RGB color space is used as a target color space.

[0025] The technical solution disclosed in the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0026] Through this method of adaptively adjusting the color space, the present invention can ensure the stability and accuracy of data processing under a variety of samples and environmental conditions, thereby achieving efficient quantitative analysis of sample concentration.

[0027] In a method for visual detection of divalent copper ions in water provided by one embodiment of the present invention, the step of obtaining an initial test fluorescence image of the test microstructure folded sensor and an initial comparison fluorescence image of the comparison microstructure folded sensor includes:

[0028] Taking images of the test microstructure folded sensor and the comparison microstructure folded sensor by a camera device to obtain a test shot image and a comparison shot image;

[0029] The test shot image and the comparison shot image are cropped, denoised and brightness balanced to obtain an initial test fluorescence image of the test microstructure folded sensor and an initial comparison fluorescence image of the comparison microstructure folded sensor.

[0030] The technical solution disclosed in the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0031] By performing the steps of cropping, denoising and brightness equalization on the captured images, the effects of ambient lighting and background interference can be preliminarily eliminated, ensuring the stability of the input image data and enhancing the accuracy of subsequent steps.

[0032] In a method for visual detection of divalent copper ions in water provided by one embodiment of the present invention, the initial test fluorescence image and the initial comparison fluorescence image are converted from the current color space to the target color space to obtain the test fluorescence image and the comparison fluorescence image, including

[0033] Converting the initial test fluorescence image and the initial comparison fluorescence image from the current color space to the target color space;

[0034] An enhanced feature extraction algorithm is used to extract features from the initial test fluorescence image and the initial comparison fluorescence image after conversion into the target color space, so as to obtain a test fluorescence image and a comparison fluorescence image.

[0035] The technical solution disclosed in the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0036] Through the above-mentioned enhanced feature extraction algorithm, the present invention can not only overcome the shortcomings of traditional methods that are greatly affected by lighting changes and shadows, but also effectively improve the accuracy of sample concentration detection, especially when the colors are close or the lighting conditions are complex, it can still maintain high robustness and stability.

[0037] At least one embodiment of the present invention also provides a visual detection system for divalent copper ions in water, including: a mobile terminal and a detection device;

[0038] The detection device is equipped with a comparison microstructure folding sensor, a test microstructure folding sensor and a fluorescence excitation light source, wherein:

[0039] The comparative microstructure folded sensor and the experimental microstructure folded sensor are both configured with superhydrophobic filter paper modified with AuAgNCs solution;

[0040] The mobile terminal includes a camera module and a control unit, and the control unit is used to control the fluorescent excitation light source to irradiate the comparison microstructure folding sensor and the test paper-based sensor;

[0041] The camera module is used to obtain a test fluorescence image of the test microstructure folded sensor and a comparison fluorescence image of the comparison microstructure folded sensor under the illumination of the fluorescence excitation light source;

[0042] The control unit is equipped with a microstructure folding sensor and different Cu 2+ Calibration curve of color change of standard solution reaction of concentration;

[0043] The control unit is also used to combine the color of the contrast fluorescence image, the color of the test fluorescence image and the calibration curve to determine the first Cu on the corresponding contrast microstructure folded sensor. 2+ concentration, and the corresponding experimental microstructure folded sensor on the second Cu 2+ concentration, and according to the first Cu 2+ concentration and the second Cu 2+ The difference in concentration is used to obtain the target Cu of the current water sample to be tested. 2+ concentration.

[0044] The technical solution disclosed in the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0045] The water copper ion visualization detection system provided by the present invention can carry and accurately detect the Cu ion in the water to be tested. 2+ Concentration, can be quickly applied to on-site monitoring and emergency detection.

[0046] In a visual detection system for divalent copper ions in water provided by one embodiment of the present invention, the detection device includes a sensor carrier and a flip cover, wherein:

[0047] The comparison microstructure folding sensor and the test microstructure folding sensor are both configured on the sensor carrier;

[0048] One side of the flip cover is hinged to one side of the sensor carrier to rotate and shield the comparison microstructure folded sensor and the test microstructure folded sensor.

[0049] The technical solution disclosed in the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0050] By hingedly connecting one side of the flip cover to one side of the sensor carrier, the flip cover can shield the comparison microstructure folding sensor and the test microstructure folding sensor when not in use to avoid contamination, while further simplifying the space occupied by the system and making it more convenient to carry.

[0051] In a visual detection system for divalent copper ions in water provided by one embodiment of the present invention, the detection device further comprises a micro dropper, and the micro dropper is installed at a position where the flip cover is directly opposite to the test microstructure folding sensor.

[0052] The technical solution disclosed in the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0053] The provision of the micro dropper can facilitate workers to drop the water to be tested, while preventing the water to be tested from contaminating the comparison microstructure folded sensor.

[0054] In a visual detection system for divalent copper ions in water provided by one embodiment of the present invention, the detection device further comprises a housing having a cavity;

[0055] The fluorescent excitation light source, the sensor carrier and the flip cover are all arranged in the cavity. A switch door is movably connected to one side of the shell. A through hole is also reserved on the shell for the camera module to shoot.

[0056] The technical solution disclosed in the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0057] By setting the outer shell, the influence of the external lighting environment on the test fluorescent image and the comparison fluorescent image can be further reduced.

[0058] The present invention also provides an electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a program stored in the memory and running on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, a method for visually detecting divalent copper ions in water as described above is implemented. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0059] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of a method for visually detecting divalent copper ions in water;

[0060] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a visual detection system for divalent copper ions in water according to the present invention;

[0061] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the sensor carrier and the flip cover;

[0062] Figure 4 This is the control block diagram of the fluorescence excitation light source;

[0063] Figure 5 is the fluorescence intensity and Cu 2+ Concentration linear fitting curve;

[0064] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the use process of the present invention.

[0065] In the accompanying drawings, the components represented by the reference numerals are listed as follows:

[0066] 1. Mobile terminal, 2. Fluorescence excitation light source, 3. Sensor carrier, 4. Housing, 5. Control unit, 6. Experimental microstructure folding sensor, 7. Comparative microstructure folding sensor, 8. Flip cover, 9. Micro dropper. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0067] The principles and features of the present invention are described below. The examples given are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0068] The present invention provides a method for visual detection of divalent copper ions in water. Figure 1 As shown, including:

[0069] Acquire a test fluorescence image of the test microstructure folded sensor 6 under the irradiation of a preset fluorescence excitation unit, and a comparative fluorescence image of the comparative microstructure folded sensor 7 under the irradiation of a preset fluorescence excitation unit, wherein both the test microstructure folded sensor 6 and the comparative microstructure folded sensor 7 have super-hydrophobic filter paper modified with AuAgNCs solution, and the test microstructure folded sensor 6 is dripped with water to be tested;

[0070] Establishment of microstructured folded sensors with different Cu 2+ Calibration curve of color change of standard solution reaction of concentration;

[0071] Combine the color of the contrast fluorescence image, the color of the test fluorescence image and the calibration curve to determine the first Cu 2+ concentration, and the corresponding experimental fluorescence image of the second Cu 2+ concentration;

[0072] Combined with the first Cu 2+ concentration and the second Cu 2+ concentration, and obtain the target Cu of the current water sample to be tested 2+ concentration.

[0073] The microstructure folded sensor was made of superhydrophobic filter paper modified with AuAgNCs solution. 2+ The fluorescence reaction with AuAgNCs solution can be determined by the color change of the superhydrophobic filter paper on the microstructure folded sensor based on the established calibration curve. 2+ concentration;

[0074] When taking the experimental fluorescence image, the Cu directly determined above is affected by the changes in the ambient light or other external factors. 2+ The concentration has a certain deviation. The present invention determines the first Cu on the corresponding contrast fluorescence image by combining the color of the contrast fluorescence image, the color of the test fluorescence image and the calibration curve. 2+ concentration, and the corresponding experimental fluorescence image of the second Cu 2+ concentration, due to the first Cu 2+ The concentration should be 0, and the first Cu 2+ Concentration deviation can adjust the second Cu 2+ concentration value, so that it is consistent with the actual Cu 2+ The concentration is closer to the target Cu 2+ concentration;

[0075] Through the above method, Cu 2+ The fluorescence reaction with AuAgNCs solution is fast and easy to operate, which greatly simplifies the aqueous Cu 2+ The detection steps and detection speed of the concentration are compared with the setting of the microstructure folding sensor 7, which also enhances the detection of Cu in the water body to be tested. 2+ Accuracy of concentration.

[0076] Specifically, the steps of acquiring the test fluorescence image and the comparison fluorescence image include:

[0077] Acquire an initial experimental fluorescence image of the experimental microstructure folding sensor 6 under the illumination of a preset fluorescence excitation unit, and an initial comparative fluorescence image of the comparative microstructure folding sensor 7 under the illumination of a preset fluorescence excitation unit;

[0078] Calculating the variance and entropy of the RGB color distribution in the initial test fluorescence image or the initial comparison fluorescence image;

[0079] According to the variance and entropy value, selecting HSV color space, Lab color space or RGB color space as the target color space;

[0080] The initial test fluorescence image and the initial comparison fluorescence image are converted from the current color space to the target color space to obtain a test fluorescence image and a comparison fluorescence image.

[0081] By converting the initial test fluorescence image and the initial comparison fluorescence image from the current color space to the target color space, the accuracy and robustness of concentration measurement can be improved. Different from the traditional RGB data processing method, this processing method can dynamically select the most suitable color space according to the characteristics of the sample, thereby reducing the influence of external factors such as light changes and shadows when acquiring fluorescence images, especially when the sample colors are close or the environmental conditions are unstable, which leads to increased measurement errors.

[0082] Specifically, selecting the HSV color space, the Lab color space, or the RGB color space as the target color space according to the variance and the entropy value includes:

[0083] When the entropy value is higher than a first preset value, the HSV color space is used as a target color space;

[0084] When the entropy value is lower than a first preset value and the variance is higher than a second preset value, taking the Lab color space as a target color space;

[0085] When the entropy value is lower than a first preset value and the variance is lower than a second preset value, the RGB color space is used as a target color space.

[0086] Through this method of adaptively adjusting the color space, the present invention can ensure the stability and accuracy of data processing under a variety of samples and environmental conditions, thereby achieving efficient quantitative analysis of sample concentration.

[0087] Specifically, the step of acquiring the initial test fluorescence image of the test microstructure folding sensor 6 and the initial comparison fluorescence image of the comparison microstructure folding sensor 7 includes:

[0088] Taking images of the test microstructure folding sensor 6 and the comparison microstructure folding sensor 7 by a camera device to obtain a test shot image and a comparison shot image;

[0089] The test shot image and the comparison shot image are cropped, denoised and brightness balanced to obtain an initial test fluorescence image of the test microstructure folded sensor 6 and an initial comparison fluorescence image of the comparison microstructure folded sensor 7.

[0090] By performing the steps of cropping, denoising and brightness equalization on the captured images, the effects of ambient lighting and background interference can be preliminarily eliminated, ensuring the stability of the input image data and enhancing the accuracy of subsequent steps.

[0091] Specifically, converting the initial test fluorescence image and the initial comparison fluorescence image from the current color space to the target color space to obtain the test fluorescence image and the comparison fluorescence image includes:

[0092] Converting the initial test fluorescence image and the initial comparison fluorescence image from the current color space to the target color space;

[0093] An enhanced feature extraction algorithm is used to extract features from the initial test fluorescence image and the initial comparison fluorescence image after conversion into the target color space, so as to obtain a test fluorescence image and a comparison fluorescence image.

[0094] Through the above-mentioned enhanced feature extraction algorithm, the present invention can not only overcome the shortcomings of traditional methods that are greatly affected by lighting changes and shadows, but also effectively improve the accuracy of sample concentration detection, especially when the colors are close or the lighting conditions are complex, it can still maintain high robustness and stability.

[0095] In summary:

[0096] The specific steps for obtaining the experimental fluorescence image and the comparative fluorescence image are as follows:

[0097] Taking images of the test microstructure folding sensor 6 and the comparison microstructure folding sensor 7 by a camera device to obtain a test shot image and a comparison shot image;

[0098] The test shot image and the comparison shot image are cropped, denoised and brightness balanced to obtain an initial test fluorescence image of the test microstructure folded sensor 6 and an initial comparison fluorescence image of the comparison microstructure folded sensor 7;

[0099] Calculating the variance and entropy of the RGB color distribution in the initial test fluorescence image or the initial comparison fluorescence image;

[0100] According to the variance and entropy value, the HSV color space, Lab color space or RGB color space is selected as the target color space according to the following logic:

[0101] When the entropy value is higher than a first preset value, the HSV color space is used as a target color space;

[0102] When the entropy value is lower than a first preset value and the variance is higher than a second preset value, taking the Lab color space as a target color space;

[0103] When the entropy value is lower than a first preset value and the variance is lower than a second preset value, taking the RGB color space as a target color space;

[0104] Converting the initial test fluorescence image and the initial comparison fluorescence image from the current color space to the target color space;

[0105] An enhanced feature extraction algorithm is used to extract features from the initial test fluorescence image and the initial comparison fluorescence image after conversion into the target color space, so as to obtain a test fluorescence image and a comparison fluorescence image.

[0106] Wherein, the step of obtaining the AuAgNCs solution comprises:

[0107] Mixing the bovine serum albumin solution with the chloroauric acid solution, and stirring in a water bath for a preset time (e.g., 5 minutes) and a preset temperature (e.g., 37° C.) to obtain a first mixed solution;

[0108] Using NaOH solution to adjust the pH value of the first mixed solution to 6-7 to ensure uniform formation of gold particles;

[0109] adding silver nitrate solution to the first mixed solution to obtain a second mixed solution;

[0110] Adjusting the pH value of the second mixed solution to 6-7, so that the second mixed solution and the silver nitrate solution fully react, and obtaining a third mixed solution containing gold-silver alloy nanoclusters;

[0111] Impurities and excess ions in the third mixed solution were removed by dialysis purification operation to obtain a purified AuAgNCs solution, and the purified AuAgNCs solution was stored in a refrigerator at 4° C. to maintain its stability.

[0112] Through the above steps, before the silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution and the chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) solution are mixed and reacted, the bovine serum albumin solution and the chloroauric acid solution are mixed and stirred in a water bath at a preset time (such as 5 minutes) and a preset temperature (such as 37°C), so that the bovine serum albumin can be used as a stabilizer to protect the metal ions while promoting the reduction generation of gold particles and ensuring the stability of the nanoclusters, so that it can be modified on the surface of the super-hydrophobic filter paper and react with the Cu in the water to be tested. 2+ When involved in the reaction, it can produce more obvious signal changes.

[0113] Specifically, the method of using the test microstructure folded sensor 6 to detect the water sample to be tested includes:

[0114] Add the water sample to be tested and the buffer solution (such as ethanol solution) dropwise onto the test microstructure folded sensor 6 to obtain a fourth mixed solution;

[0115] The pH value of the fourth mixed solution is adjusted to 8-10 by using ammonia water to ensure a stable reaction without interference and optimize the effect of the fluorescence reaction.

[0116] In summary, a more specific embodiment of the present invention can be described as follows:

[0117] (1) Synthesis of AuAgNCs solution:

[0118] (2) The synthesized AuAgNCs solution was modified on two super-hydrophobic filter paper surfaces to form a test microstructure folded sensor 6 and a comparison microstructure folded sensor 7. This microstructure folded sensor can adsorb Cu in water samples. 2+ , and produce obvious signal changes through fluorescence quenching reaction.

[0119] (3) Adding the water sample to be tested: Add the water sample to be tested onto the surface of the microstructure folded sensor. 2+ The reaction with AuAgNCs resulted in a significant decrease in the red fluorescence intensity, and the degree of fluorescence change was similar to that of Cu 2+ The concentration is positively correlated.

[0120] pH adjustment: By adding a buffer solution (such as ethanol solution) to the test card and using ammonia to adjust the pH to the range of 8-10, ensure that the reaction is stable and without interference, and optimize the effect of the fluorescence reaction.

[0121] (4) Fluorescence image acquisition: Use a smartphone to photograph the microstructure folded sensor after the reaction, set appropriate shooting parameters (for example: shooting distance 10 cm, ISO 2000, exposure -1), ensure that the image is clear and the fluorescence signal is easy to identify, and obtain the test shooting image and the comparison shooting image.

[0122] UV excitation: The UV light source is started by controlling the Bluetooth or Wi-Fi microcontroller system, with an excitation wavelength of 365 nm and a power of 16 W to illuminate the detection card and excite the fluorescence signal of AuAgNCs.

[0123] (5) Calibration curve establishment: According to Figure 5 The fluorescence intensity and Cu 2+ The concentration linear fitting curve was established to establish the super hydrophobic filter paper and different Cu 2+ The color change calibration curve of the standard solution reaction of different concentrations was used to extract the RGB value in the fluorescence image through image processing software, focusing on the intensity change of the red channel (R). 2+ The concentration of standard solution is used to establish a calibration curve, and the water sample to be tested is compared with the standard curve to quantitatively determine the Cu in the water sample. 2+ concentration.

[0124] (6) Preprocessing the test images and the comparison images, including cropping (retaining only the target sample area), denoising (using Gaussian filtering), and brightness equalization (using histogram equalization). These preprocessing steps can eliminate the effects of ambient light, background interference, etc., ensure the stability of the input image data, and obtain the initial test fluorescence image and the initial comparison fluorescence image.

[0125] (7) Statistical color distribution: Calculate the RGB color distribution histogram of the initial test fluorescence image or the initial comparison fluorescence image, and count the mean, standard deviation, and pixel ratio of each color component (R, G, B) in the image.

[0126] Determine color complexity: By analyzing the variance and entropy of the RGB distribution, the color complexity index of the image is calculated to evaluate the color diversity of the image:

[0127] C complexity = -∑P(i)logP(i)

[0128] Where P(i) is the normalized pixel ratio of each color channel.

[0129] Low complexity scene: When the variance of the color distribution is small (for example, the variance is less than 0.05) and the entropy value is low (for example, less than 1.0), it means that the image is mainly composed of a single color or color gradients.

[0130] High complexity scene: When the variance and entropy of the color distribution are high (for example, the variance is greater than 0.1 and the entropy is greater than 1.5), it means that the image contains multiple color regions and the color distinction is high.

[0131] Rule-based color space selection:

[0132] Based on the preliminary analysis results of color features, the system uses the following logic to select a suitable color space:

[0133] HSV color space: When the color changes of the initial test fluorescence image or the initial comparison fluorescence image are concentrated on hue or saturation, and the color complexity is high (that is, the entropy value is higher than the first preset value), the system selects the HSV color space. HSV can effectively separate hue and brightness, which helps to enhance the color characteristics of the sample under a complex background.

[0134] Lab color space: When the colors of the initial test fluorescence image or the initial comparison fluorescence image have a small but significant difference, the variance is higher than the second preset value, and the color contrast is low (i.e., the entropy value is lower than the first preset value), the system selects the Lab color space. The Lab color space can minimize the impact of ambient lighting and device differences, thereby enhancing color differentiation capabilities.

[0135] RGB color space: When the characteristics of the sample color are simple and clear, and the ambient light conditions are good (the entropy value is lower than the first preset value, and the variance is lower than the second preset value), the system directly retains the original RGB color space for processing.

[0136] Color space conversion

[0137] According to the color space selected above, the RGB data of the initial test fluorescence image and the initial comparison fluorescence image are converted to the target color space using the conversion formula:

[0138] HSV conversion formula: Completed according to the standard RGB-HSV conversion algorithm.

[0139] Lab conversion formula: Completed using the CIE standard RGB-Lab conversion formula.

[0140] For example, for samples with relatively simple or uncomplicated color changes, the system chooses to use the RGB color space; for samples with more complex color changes, the system automatically switches to the HSV or Lab color space, which can more effectively separate color components, reduce external interference, and enhance the accuracy of concentration prediction.

[0141] Through this method of adaptively adjusting the color space, the present invention can ensure the stability and accuracy of data processing under a variety of samples and environmental conditions, thereby achieving efficient quantitative analysis of sample concentration.

[0142] (8) In order to further improve the accuracy of quantitative analysis of sample concentration, the present invention adopts an enhanced feature extraction algorithm to enhance the recognizability of sample color. This technology provides more effective information for concentration prediction by extracting edge information, texture features and morphological features in the image. The images after color space conversion of the initial test fluorescence image and the initial comparison fluorescence image are input into the enhanced feature extraction algorithm to obtain the test fluorescence image and the comparison fluorescence image.

[0143] In the image processing process of the above algorithm, the edge detection algorithm (such as Canny edge detection or Sobel operator) is first used to identify the boundaries and important feature areas in the sample image. This method is particularly suitable for situations where the color changes of the sample are relatively subtle. It can effectively separate the sample edge from the complex background, reduce the influence of light or shadow, and thus improve the accuracy of measurement.

[0144] Secondly, texture analysis methods are used to extract detailed features of the sample surface in important feature areas. By calculating statistical features such as the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) of the image, the system can capture changes in the texture of the sample surface, which is particularly effective for samples with similar colors but different concentrations. The introduction of texture features greatly enhances the model's sensitivity and ability to distinguish concentration changes.

[0145] Through the above-mentioned enhanced feature extraction technology, the present invention can not only overcome the shortcomings of traditional methods, but also effectively improve the accuracy of sample concentration detection, especially when the colors are close or the lighting conditions are complex, it can still maintain high robustness and stability.

[0146] (9) Determine the first Cu on the corresponding contrast fluorescence image by combining the color of the contrast fluorescence image, the color of the test fluorescence image and the calibration curve. 2+ concentration, and the corresponding experimental fluorescence image of the second Cu 2+ concentration;

[0147] (10) Combined with the first Cu 2+ concentration and the second Cu 2+ concentration, and obtain the target Cu of the current water sample to be tested 2+ concentration.

[0148] The present invention also provides a visual detection system for divalent copper ions in water, referring to Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown, it includes: a mobile terminal 1 and a detection device;

[0149] The detection device is equipped with a comparison microstructure folding sensor 7, a test microstructure folding sensor 6 and a fluorescence excitation light source 2, wherein:

[0150] The comparative microstructure folded sensor 7 and the experimental microstructure folded sensor 6 are both configured with superhydrophobic filter paper modified with AuAgNCs solution;

[0151] The mobile terminal 1 includes a camera module and a control unit, and the control unit is used to control the fluorescent excitation light source 2 to irradiate the comparison microstructure folding sensor 7 and the test paper-based sensor. In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 4 As shown, the mobile terminal 1 (such as a smart phone) is connected to the micro control unit 5 in the detection device through Bluetooth or Wi-Fi and the Bluetooth control module in the detection device, and the micro control unit 5 controls the start and stop of the fluorescence excitation light source 2 through the laser driving module connected thereto. Among them, the above-mentioned micro control unit 5, laser driving module and Bluetooth control module are all integrated in the control unit 5, and the control unit 5 is installed inside the detection device. This wireless communication mode provides high flexibility of the system, and the user can remotely control the working state of the device, wherein the fluorescence excitation light source 2 is an ultraviolet excitation light source with an excitation wavelength of 365nm and a power of 16W. The ultraviolet excitation light source provides uniform excitation light irradiation to ensure the efficient conduct of the fluorescence reaction. The ultraviolet excitation light source can excite AuAgNCs to emit light and enhance the sensitivity of the fluorescence signal.

[0152] The camera module is used to obtain a test fluorescence image of the test microstructure folded sensor 6 and a comparison fluorescence image of the comparison microstructure folded sensor 7 under the illumination of the fluorescence excitation light source 2;

[0153] The control unit is equipped with a microstructure folding sensor and different Cu 2+ Calibration curve of color change of standard solution reaction of concentration;

[0154] The control unit is also used to combine the color of the contrast fluorescence image, the color of the test fluorescence image and the calibration curve to determine the first Cu on the corresponding contrast microstructure folding sensor 7. 2+ concentration, and the corresponding second Cu 2+ concentration, and according to the first Cu 2+ concentration and the second Cu 2+ The difference in concentration is used to obtain the target Cu of the current water sample to be tested. 2+ concentration.

[0155] The water copper ion visualization detection system provided by the present invention can carry and accurately detect the Cu ion in the water to be tested. 2+ Concentration, can be quickly applied to on-site monitoring and emergency detection.

[0156] For further information, refer to Figure 3 As shown, the detection device includes a sensor carrier 3 and a flip cover 8, wherein:

[0157] The comparison microstructure folding sensor 7 and the test microstructure folding sensor 6 are both arranged on the sensor carrier 3;

[0158] One side of the flip cover 8 is hinged to one side of the sensor carrier 3 to rotate and shield the comparison microstructure folded sensor 7 and the test microstructure folded sensor 6 .

[0159] By hingedly connecting one side of the flip cover 8 to one side of the sensor carrier 3, the flip cover 8 can shield the comparison microstructure folding sensor 7 and the test microstructure folding sensor 6 when not in use to avoid contamination. At the same time, it further simplifies the space occupied by the system, making it more convenient to carry and capable of rapid detection in various field environments.

[0160] Furthermore, the detection device also includes a micro dropper 9, and the micro dropper 9 is installed at a position where the flip cover 8 is directly opposite to the test microstructure folding sensor 6.

[0161] The provision of the micro dropper 9 can facilitate the staff to drip the water to be tested, while preventing the water to be tested from contaminating the comparison microstructure folded sensor 7. The folded structure ensures that the reaction area is uniform and not prone to contamination, thus simplifying the operation process.

[0162] Furthermore, the detection device also includes a housing 4 having a cavity;

[0163] The fluorescent excitation light source 2, the sensor carrier 3 and the flip cover 8 are all arranged in the cavity. A switch door is movably connected to one side of the shell 4. The shell 4 also has a through hole for the camera module to shoot.

[0164] By setting the housing 4, the influence of the external lighting environment on the test fluorescent image and the comparison fluorescent image can be further reduced.

[0165] The system also includes a power module to power the micro-control unit in the detection device: a convenient rechargeable battery system is used to ensure that the device can work stably without an external power supply. The battery can be charged through the USB interface, which is convenient for users to use in the field and on site.

[0166] Furthermore, the camera module specifically includes:

[0167] Acquire an initial experimental fluorescence image of the experimental microstructure folding sensor 6 under the illumination of a preset fluorescence excitation unit, and an initial comparative fluorescence image of the comparative microstructure folding sensor 7 under the illumination of a preset fluorescence excitation unit;

[0168] The initial test fluorescence image and the initial comparison fluorescence image are transmitted to the control unit in the mobile terminal 1, and the control unit is also used to calculate the variance and entropy value of the RGB color distribution in the initial test fluorescence image or the initial comparison fluorescence image, and according to the variance and entropy value, select the HSV color space, Lab color space or RGB color space as the target color space, convert the initial test fluorescence image and the initial comparison fluorescence image from the current color space to the target color space, and obtain the test fluorescence image and the comparison fluorescence image.

[0169] Furthermore, the control unit selects the target color space according to the following steps:

[0170] When the entropy value is higher than a first preset value, the HSV color space is used as a target color space;

[0171] When the entropy value is lower than a first preset value and the variance is higher than a second preset value, taking the Lab color space as a target color space;

[0172] When the entropy value is lower than a first preset value and the variance is lower than a second preset value, the RGB color space is used as a target color space.

[0173] Furthermore, the camera module includes:

[0174] Taking images of the test microstructure folding sensor 6 and the comparison microstructure folding sensor 7 to obtain a test shot image and a comparison shot image;

[0175] The test shot image and the comparison shot image are cropped, denoised and brightness balanced to obtain an initial test fluorescence image of the test microstructure folded sensor 6 and an initial comparison fluorescence image of the comparison microstructure folded sensor 7.

[0176] Furthermore, the control unit is also used for:

[0177] Converting the initial test fluorescence image and the initial comparison fluorescence image from the current color space to the target color space;

[0178] An enhanced feature extraction algorithm is used to extract features from the initial test fluorescence image and the initial comparison fluorescence image after conversion into the target color space, so as to obtain a test fluorescence image and a comparison fluorescence image.

[0179] Through the above arrangement, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0180] 1. Rapid visual detection: The detection process is simple and fast, and the fluorescence intensity is visualized and quickly qualitatively analyzed, combined with smartphone image analysis technology, to achieve the detection of Cu 2 Quantitative detection of concentration.

[0181] 2. Low cost and portability: The microstructure folding sensor has low production cost and can be mass-produced. The entire detection system is compact, light and portable, suitable for field environment detection needs with limited resources.

[0182] 3. Intelligence and automation: The detection device combines with a smartphone to realize the integrated operation of image acquisition, data processing, RGB value extraction and result display, reducing human operation errors. The smartphone controls the start and stop of the UV excitation light source through wireless communication (Bluetooth or Wi-Fi), which improves the intelligence level of the system.

[0183] 4. High flexibility and versatility: Through the folding microstructure folding sensor design, the detection area is concentrated and easy to operate, which is suitable for the detection of different water samples. The detection range and target ion type can be expanded by adjusting the calibration curve, which has high flexibility and versatility.

[0184] 5. Environmentally friendly: The detection method uses environmentally friendly materials (microstructure folded sensors) and an aqueous reaction system, avoiding the use of pollutants such as organic solvents. The microstructure folded sensors are easy to recycle after use, reducing the environmental burden.

[0185] 6. Strong practicability: It is suitable for environmental monitoring (such as water quality testing), food safety, emergency detection of emergencies and other fields. The device is highly portable and does not require complex laboratory equipment. It is particularly suitable for field monitoring and resource-constrained scenarios.

[0186] The present invention also provides an electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a program stored in the memory and running on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, a method for visually detecting divalent copper ions in water as described above is implemented.

[0187] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0188] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0189] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A visual detection method for divalent copper ions in water, characterized in that: include: Acquire a test fluorescence image of the test microstructure folded sensor (6) under the illumination of a preset fluorescence excitation unit, and a comparative fluorescence image of the comparative microstructure folded sensor (7) under the illumination of a preset fluorescence excitation unit, wherein both the test microstructure folded sensor (6) and the comparative microstructure folded sensor (7) have super-hydrophobic filter paper modified with an AuAgNCs solution, and the test microstructure folded sensor (6) is dripped with water to be tested; Establish the super hydrophobic filter paper with different Cu 2+ Calibration curve of color change of standard solution reaction of concentration; Combine the color of the contrast fluorescence image, the color of the test fluorescence image and the calibration curve to determine the first Cu 2+ concentration, and the corresponding experimental fluorescence image of the second Cu 2+ concentration; Combined with the first Cu 2+ concentration and the second Cu 2+ concentration, and obtain the target Cu of the current water sample to be tested 2+ concentration.

2. A method for visual detection of divalent copper ions in water according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps of acquiring the test fluorescence image and the comparison fluorescence image include: Acquire an initial experimental fluorescence image of the experimental microstructure folded sensor (6) under the illumination of a preset fluorescence excitation unit, and an initial comparative fluorescence image of the comparative microstructure folded sensor (7) under the illumination of a preset fluorescence excitation unit; Calculating the variance and entropy of the RGB color distribution in the initial test fluorescence image or the initial comparison fluorescence image; According to the variance and entropy value, selecting HSV color space, Lab color space or RGB color space as the target color space; The initial test fluorescence image and the initial comparison fluorescence image are converted from the current color space to the target color space to obtain a test fluorescence image and a comparison fluorescence image.

3. A visual detection method for divalent copper ions in water according to claim 2, characterized in that: The selecting, according to the variance and the entropy value, the HSV color space, the Lab color space or the RGB color space as the target color space comprises: When the entropy value is higher than a first preset value, the HSV color space is used as a target color space; When the entropy value is lower than a first preset value and the variance is higher than a second preset value, taking the Lab color space as a target color space; When the entropy value is lower than a first preset value and the variance is lower than a second preset value, the RGB color space is used as a target color space.

4. A visual detection method for divalent copper ions in water according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step of acquiring the initial test fluorescence image of the test microstructure folded sensor (6) and the initial comparison fluorescence image of the comparison microstructure folded sensor (7) comprises: Using a camera to capture images of the test microstructure folded sensor (6) and the comparison microstructure folded sensor (7), to obtain a test captured image and a comparison captured image; The test shot image and the comparison shot image are cropped, denoised and brightness balanced to obtain an initial test fluorescence image of the test microstructure folded sensor (6) and an initial comparison fluorescence image of the comparison microstructure folded sensor (7).

5. A visual detection method for divalent copper ions in water according to claim 2, characterized in that: The initial test fluorescence image and the initial comparison fluorescence image are converted from the current color space to the target color space to obtain the test fluorescence image and the comparison fluorescence image, including Converting the initial test fluorescence image and the initial comparison fluorescence image from the current color space to the target color space; An enhanced feature extraction algorithm is used to extract features from the initial test fluorescence image and the initial comparison fluorescence image after conversion into the target color space, so as to obtain a test fluorescence image and a comparison fluorescence image.

6. A visual detection system for divalent copper ions in water, characterized in that: include: Mobile terminal (1) and detection device; The detection device is provided with a comparison microstructure folding sensor (7), a test microstructure folding sensor (6) and a fluorescence excitation light source (2), wherein: The comparison microstructure folded sensor (7) and the test microstructure folded sensor (6) are both equipped with super hydrophobic filter paper modified with AuAgNCs solution; The mobile terminal (1) comprises a camera module and a control unit, wherein the control unit is used to control a fluorescent excitation light source (2) to illuminate the comparison microstructure folding sensor (7) and the test microstructure folding sensor (6); The camera module is used to obtain a test fluorescence image of the test microstructure folded sensor (6) and a comparison fluorescence image of the comparison microstructure folded sensor (7) under the illumination of the fluorescence excitation light source (2); The control unit is equipped with a microstructure folding sensor and different Cu 2+ Calibration curve of color change of standard solution reaction of concentration; The control unit is also used to combine the color of the contrast fluorescence image, the color of the test fluorescence image and the calibration curve to determine the first Cu on the corresponding contrast microstructure folding sensor (7). 2+ concentration, and the second Cu on the corresponding experimental microstructure folded sensor (6) 2+ concentration, and combined with the first Cu 2+ concentration and the second Cu 2+ concentration, and obtain the target Cu of the current water sample to be tested 2+ concentration.

7. A visual detection system for divalent copper ions in water according to claim 6, characterized in that: The detection device comprises a sensor carrier (3) and a flip cover (8), wherein: The comparison microstructure folded sensor (7) and the test microstructure folded sensor (6) are both arranged on the sensor carrier (3); One side of the flip cover (8) is hinged to one side of the sensor carrier (3) so as to rotate and shield the comparison microstructure folded sensor (7) and the test microstructure folded sensor (6).

8. A visual detection system for divalent copper ions in water according to claim 7, characterized in that: The detection device further comprises a micro dropper (9), and the micro dropper (9) is installed at a position where the flip cover (8) is directly opposite to the test microstructure folding sensor (6).

9. A visual detection system for divalent copper ions in water according to claim 8, characterized in that: The detection device also includes a housing (4) having a cavity; The fluorescent excitation light source (2), the sensor carrier (3) and the flip cover (8) are all arranged in the cavity, a switch door is movably connected to one side of the shell (4), and a through hole is also reserved on the shell (4) for the camera module to shoot.

10. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a program stored in the memory and running on the processor, characterized in that: When the processor executes the program, a method for visually detecting divalent copper ions in water as described in any one of claims 1 to 5 is implemented.

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