Small-sized seeding device adaptive to grain size of seeds and steplessly adjustable in seeding plant spacing and depth

Abstract

In order to adapt to the grain size of seeds and realize stepless adjustable seeding plant spacing and depth, a front end structure comprises a rack F, universal wheels are arranged at the bottom of the front side, the top of the front side is fixedly connected with a box body D, a lifting mechanism is arranged in the box body D, a motor and a battery which are arranged on a rack B are arranged on one side of the middle, and a rack C penetrating through the rack F is arranged on the other side of the middle; the rotary blade is connected with the motor through gear transmission and belt transmission; a rack A is arranged on the middle rear side of the rack F, and a fender is arranged on the rack A close to the rotary blade; the seed falling mechanism is arranged on the rear side of the front end structure and comprises a rack D, the bottom of the rack D is connected with a collection box, the bottom of the collection box is connected with a hose, one half of the top is a charging barrel, and the other half is in an inverted U shape with an inward opening; the rear end structure is arranged on the rear side of the seed falling mechanism and comprises a box body A penetrating through a shaft M, the shaft M is fixed on a rack F, a press wheel is arranged at the bottom of the rack F, and a speed change mechanism is arranged on the box body A. The integrated operation of soil loosening, seeding and soil covering is realized, the labor intensity is reduced, and the seeding efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural sowing, and in particular relates to a small-sized sowing device which is adaptable to seed particle size and has stepless adjustable sowing spacing and sowing depth. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of agricultural science and technology, the application of large-scale seeding devices in plain areas is becoming more and more popular. However, large-scale seeding devices are not suitable for complex areas such as mountains and hills, and the greenhouse agriculture that has flourished in recent years. Seeding in mountainous, hilly areas and greenhouses can only be achieved by manpower and the use of small seeding devices. Manual seeding is inefficient and labor-intensive; and the functions of existing small seeding devices are not perfect, such as being unable to adapt to the seeding spacing and depth of different crops. In addition, small seeding devices also have problems such as unstable operation and the seeding spacing being affected by the forward speed of the device.

[0003] Chinese patent CN117561850A discloses a seeding machine for agricultural planting. The device brings seeds into the chute in the seeding disk by rotating the seeding disk, and the push plate pushes the seeds in the chute out of the seeding disk for sowing. However, the outline size of the chute in the seeding disk is not adjustable, and the stroke of the push plate cannot be adjusted, so it can only meet the sowing needs of crops with a single particle diameter; and the method of rotating the seeding disk to bring the seeds into the chute in the seeding disk is difficult to ensure that the seeds just fill the volume of the chute in the seeding disk, which may result in insufficient sowing and seeds blocking the seeding disk. The user pushes the device forward from the rear, and the friction between the front wheel and the ground causes rotation. The transmission between the front wheel and the seed tray is achieved through a chain. The sowing spacing is affected by the transmission ratio between the front wheel and the seed tray. The chain transmission ratio of this device is not adjustable, and can only meet the sowing spacing requirements of a single crop. In addition, the overall center of gravity of the device is biased backward. During operation, the front wheel may tilt up and stop for a short time, causing the seed tray to stop, affecting the sowing spacing. The device uses a traditional plow to dig furrows, which will generate greater resistance during furrowing. The deeper the furrowing depth, the greater the resistance, which requires high physical fitness from the user, and the depth of the device plow cannot be adjusted, resulting in the unadjustable sowing depth, and can only meet the sowing depth requirements of a single crop.

[0004] In summary, the existing technology has the problem that small-scale seeding devices cannot simultaneously meet the seeding requirements of different crops (with different particle diameters) and the different seeding spacing and depth requirements. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of this section is to summarize some aspects of the embodiments of the present invention and briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section and the specification summary and invention title of the present invention to avoid blurring the purpose of this section, specification summary and invention title, and such simplifications or omissions cannot be used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0006] Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a small-sized sowing device that is adaptable to seed particle size and has stepless adjustable sowing spacing and depth, which can solve the problem that the existing technology has that the small-sized sowing device cannot simultaneously meet the sowing requirements of different crops (different particle diameters) and different sowing spacing and depth requirements. The present invention provides a small-sized sowing device that is adaptable to seed particle size and has stepless adjustable sowing spacing and depth. The small-sized sowing device that is adaptable to seed particle size and has stepless adjustable sowing spacing and depth comprises a front end structure located at the front end of the device, the front end structure comprises a frame F, a universal wheel that can be raised and lowered is installed at the bottom of the front side of the frame F, the top of the front side is fixedly connected to the box D, a lifting mechanism is arranged inside the box D, a frame B is arranged on one side in the middle, the motor and the battery are both inside the frame B, a frame C that runs through the frame F is arranged on the other side in the middle, and a rotary tiller is connected to the motor through gear transmission and belt transmission; a frame A is arranged on the rear side of the frame F, the frame B is above the frame A, and a fender is arranged on the frame A near the position of the rotary tiller; The seed dropping mechanism is located at the rear side of the front-end structure, and includes a frame D. The frame D is hollowed out in an inverted U shape at the bottom, and is provided with a collection box. The top of the collection box is connected to the bottom of the frame D, and the bottom is connected to a hose. The top half is fixed to the bracket D by a screw H, and the other half is an inverted U shape with an opening inward. The barrel is arranged inside the bracket D, and the rear side of the frame D is connected to the push rod; The rear end structure is located at the rear side of the seed placement mechanism, including a box body A, a shaft M passing through the box body A, a speed change mechanism is provided on the box body A, the shaft M is fixed on the frame F, a pressing wheel is provided at the bottom of the frame F, shafts N are installed on both sides of the pressing wheel, a frame G is provided between the two shafts N, a shaft sleeve W is provided on the frame G, and the soil cover plate is connected to the shaft N; The front end structure, the seed placement mechanism and the rear end structure are fixed by bolts.

[0007] Optionally, the lifting mechanism inside the box D includes a threaded sleeve fixed by a bolt K, the threaded sleeve is connected to the worm gear B through a thrust ball bearing B1, the worm gear B is above the thrust ball bearing B2, the screw A is above the thrust ball bearing B2, the shaft O is at the rear side of the threaded sleeve, and has worms B matched with the worm gear B at both ends, one side of the worm gear B is fixed to the inside of the box D through a bearing E2, and the other side is fixed to the inside of the box D through a bearing E2, a bearing end cover C is provided on the outside and fixed by a screw L, the handwheel B is connected to the inner bearing E2 through a fixed shaft and fixed by a nut K, the universal wheel is connected to the frame F through a bearing seat and a pressure plate A, the universal wheel is fixed by a bolt L, and thrust ball bearings A1 and thrust ball bearings A2 are provided inside from bottom to top.

[0008] Optionally, the rotary tiller transmission mechanism includes gear B, gear A, and gear C from bottom to top; they are respectively connected to the inner side of the frame C through sleeve E, sleeve C and sleeve B, a pulley B is arranged between the gear C and the sleeve B, the pulley B is connected to pulley A through a belt, the radius of the pulley A is smaller than the radius of the pulley B, the pulley A is controlled by the motor through shaft B on the side of the inverted L-shaped plate where the switch is located, the switch controls the motor, the other side of the gear B is connected to sleeve Z with the rotary tiller in the middle, and the other side of the sleeve Z is installed with bearing A and shaft C.

[0009] Optionally, the upper portion of the fender is fixed to the side of the frame A by means of a bolt B, a bolt C and a nut A matching therewith are arranged below the bolt B, and a support plate is arranged on the side of the fender.

[0010] Optionally, the barrel is fixed inside the bracket D by screws I, the barrel is on the outside of the drum, the top of the barrel is an end cover, the end cover is fixed by screws D, a funnel-shaped opening is arranged on the top of the end cover, the barrel also includes 5 sliding arc plates, and each sliding arc plate on one side of the funnel-shaped opening is provided with a slider B, and 5 U-shaped buckles are arranged on the barrel, each of the U-shaped buckles is adapted to the slider B, and each sliding buckle on the other side opposite to the funnel-shaped opening is provided with a slider B. The arc plate is provided with an arc seed dropping plate, which are arc seed dropping plate A, arc seed dropping plate B, arc seed dropping plate C, arc seed dropping plate D and arc seed dropping plate E respectively. An annular groove is provided in the middle of the arc seed dropping plate, and a rubber ring matching with the seed dropping groove is provided on the outside of the seed dropping groove. The seed dropping groove is conical with a taper of 7:10. The drum has a circular hole matching with the seed dropping groove, and a telescopic cylinder is provided at the bottom of the drum, which passes through a partition and is arranged inside the other half of the inverted U-shaped box of the frame D, and an inclined plate is provided inside the drum.

[0011] Optionally, the outside of the collection box includes a flip door, a pressure plate C is installed on the flip door by a screw F, a cross handle B is arranged on the pressure plate C, the bottom of one side of the collection box is connected to the hose, the inside of the collection box is provided with a nut I and a locking tongue matched with the cross handle B, the slopes of the inner wall of the collection box are 1:1, 1:2, 5:6, 5:6 respectively, the slope of the bottom plate is 3:40, and the bottom opening of the hose is matched with the box body C on the rear side of the rack A.

[0012] Optionally, the outer ring of the shaft M has a sleeve R, one side of the pressing wheel passes through the inside of the frame F through the sleeve H and is connected to the sprocket A, the other side of the pressing wheel is fixed by a gasket B, a shaft E and a nut B, the other side of the shaft M is also connected to the sprocket D, the sprocket A is the same as the sprocket D, and the shaft M is fixed to the frame F through a bearing end cover B.

[0013] Optionally, the inner side of the box body A is an end cover C, and there are four groups of gaskets C and screws B distributed in pairs on the end cover C. A through opening is provided in the middle of the end cover C, and a cross handle A is fixed on the left side of the through opening. The cross handle C on the top of the box body A is fixed by a nut E. A threaded transmission disk is provided on the outer side of the box body A, and a slider A is provided in the middle position of the outer side of the box body A. The sprocket B is fixed by a shaft F and a nut C. Four cross-distributed brackets C are provided on the front middle side of the outer side of the box body A, a torsion spring B is provided on one side of the bracket C, and a tensioning sprocket is fixed on the other side of the bracket C by a bolt E. The sprocket C passes through the roller, and the chain A is sleeved on the sprocket C and the bracket C, and the bottom is connected to the sprocket outside the tensioning sprocket. The bottom locking slider of the slider A passes through the notch through the end face ratchet B It contacts the end face ratchet A on the inner side of the sprocket B, the inner side of the box A is a threaded locking disk, a screw rod B is arranged in the middle of the threaded locking disk, and a gear D is arranged on the outer side of the screw rod B. The cross handle A is connected to the gear E through the shaft G, and the gear E is adapted to the gear D. There are two screw rods B in the middle of the box A, a toothed locking slider A is arranged above the screw rod B, and a toothed locking slider B is arranged below. The toothed locking slider A is connected to the outer side of the box A through a self-locking screw rod, and the self-locking screw rod is in the middle of the two screw rods B. The other side of the toothed locking slider A is connected to the screw rod seat through the self-locking screw rod. The cross handle C has the word "loose" on the left and the word "lock" on the right. A threaded transmission disk is arranged on the threaded locking disk, and the screw rod B is connected to the box A through a bearing F.

[0014] Optionally, a bracket F is provided on the shaft N, a shaft sleeve Q is provided on the bracket F, and the bracket G is vertically fixed below the shaft N to fix the covering plate via bolts G and nuts G.

[0015] Optionally, a shaft L is provided on the upper part of the box body C, the shaft L passes through the side of the box body C, and the outer side and the nut F fix the bearing B, a handwheel A is provided on the bearing, the shaft L passes through the shaft sleeve P and the worm A, the worm A is adapted to the worm wheel A below, the shaft sleeve O passes through the worm wheel A and is fixed in position by the shaft K, a gear H with a small cross section is provided on the rear side of the worm wheel A on the shaft sleeve O, the shaft sleeve O is connected to the sowing tube, shaft sleeves M are provided on both sides of the shaft sleeve O, and the shaft The sleeve M is provided with a gear F2 adapted to the rack on the side of the sowing tube, and the two sleeves M are respectively provided with a gear F5 adapted to the gear H and a gear F3 adapted to the reversing gear F4. The reversing gear F4 is adapted to the gear H and fixed by the shaft J. A sowing depth scale is provided between the two racks. Gears F1 adapted to the racks and distributed symmetrically therewith are provided on both sides of the racks on the sleeve K. The sleeve K is outside the shaft H, and the racks can move up and down.

[0016] In summary, the present invention includes at least one of the following beneficial effects: The present invention adopts the inclined plate built into the drum to make the seeds converge to the seed placement port. The vibration generated by the rotation of the drum and the sweeping of the inclined plate on the inner wall of the drum ensure successful seed placement without clogging.

[0017] The present invention realizes single-seed or multi-seed sowing by adjusting the number of arc-shaped seed dropping plates opened; and realizes sowing of seeds with different diameters by replacing the seed dropping grooves on the arc-shaped seed dropping plates.

[0018] The present invention drives the slider A to radially contract or expand simultaneously by rotating the threaded transmission disk, thereby changing the transmission ratio between the pressing wheel and the roller, and realizing stepless adjustment of the sowing spacing. The pressing wheel is used as the power wheel of the sowing mechanism to drive the roller to rotate, and the sowing spacing is not affected by the forward speed of the device. Moreover, the surface of the pressing wheel is evenly distributed with hemispherical anti-skid protrusions to prevent the pressing wheel from slipping with the ground, thereby ensuring reliable transmission.

[0019] The invention realizes stepless adjustment of the sowing depth by adjusting the upward and downward linear motion of the rack in the worm gear self-locking gear train.

[0020] The present invention loosens the soil by rotating the rotary tiller, and generates forward traction while loosening the soil. The end of the sowing pipe is a V-shaped surface, and the end of the sowing pipe pushes the soil to both sides, so as to realize sowing and reduce the forward resistance of the device.

[0021] The present invention realizes the integrated operation of loosening soil, sowing and covering soil, greatly reduces the labor intensity and improves the sowing efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a small-sized sowing device of the present invention which is adaptable to seed particle size and has stepless adjustable sowing spacing and sowing depth; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the front end structure of a small-sized sowing device of the present invention which is adaptable to seed particle size and has stepless adjustable sowing spacing and sowing depth; Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of a rotary tiller transmission mechanism of a small-sized sowing device that is adaptable to seed particle size and has stepless adjustable sowing spacing and sowing depth according to the present invention; Figure 4A schematic diagram of the structure of the rotary blade transmission mechanism and the fender mechanism of a small-sized sowing device adapted to the seed particle size and having steplessly adjustable sowing spacing and depth according to the present invention; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of the lifting mechanism of the small-sized sowing device of the present invention, which is adapted to the seed particle size and has stepless adjustable sowing spacing and depth; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the upper structure of the lifting mechanism of the small sowing device of the present invention, which is adapted to the seed particle size and has stepless adjustable sowing spacing and depth; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the lower structure of the lifting mechanism of the small sowing device of the present invention, which is adapted to the seed particle size and has stepless adjustable sowing spacing and depth; Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of the seed dropping mechanism of the small-sized sowing device of the present invention, which is adapted to the seed particle size and has stepless adjustable sowing spacing and depth; Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the internal parts of the seed dropping mechanism of a small-sized sowing device adapted to the seed particle size and having steplessly adjustable sowing spacing and depth of the present invention; Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the structure of the arc-shaped seed drop plate and the seed drop groove of the small-sized seeding device of the present invention, which is adapted to the seed particle size and the seeding spacing and depth are steplessly adjustable; Fig.11 A schematic diagram of the external and internal structures of the collection box of the small sowing device of the present invention, which is adapted to the seed particle size and has stepless adjustable sowing spacing and depth; Fig.12 A schematic diagram of the structure of the external seeding mechanism of a small-sized sowing device adapted to the seed particle size and having steplessly adjustable sowing spacing and depth according to the present invention; Fig.13 A schematic diagram of the structure of the internal structure of the seeding mechanism of a small-sized sowing device adapted to the seed particle size and having steplessly adjustable sowing spacing and depth; Fig.14 A schematic diagram of the structure of the rear end of the mechanism of the small sowing device of the present invention, which is adapted to the seed particle size and has stepless adjustable sowing spacing and depth; Fig.15 A rear end cross-sectional view of the mechanism of the small sowing device of the present invention, which is adapted to the seed particle size and has stepless adjustable sowing spacing and depth; Fig.16 A schematic diagram of the structure of the speed change mechanism of the small-sized sowing device of the present invention, which is adapted to the seed particle size and has stepless adjustable sowing spacing and depth; Fig.17 G part of the exploded diagram of the small sowing device adapted to the seed particle size of the present invention and the sowing spacing and depth steplessly adjustable; Fig.18A schematic diagram of the structure of a small-sized sowing device adapted to the seed particle size and capable of steplessly adjusting the sowing spacing and depth; Fig.19 A schematic diagram of the use method of the cross handle C of the small sowing device of the present invention which is adapted to the seed particle size and has stepless adjustable sowing spacing and depth; Fig. 20 A partial enlarged view of the transmission mechanism portion H of a small sowing device adapted to the seed particle size of the present invention and the sowing spacing and depth steplessly adjustable; Fig.21 A partial cross-sectional view of the present invention, which is adapted to the seed particle size and the sowing spacing and depth of the small sowing device with the transmission mechanism chain partially removed from the box A, the screw B and other parts; Fig. 22 The J, K, L partial enlarged view of the small sowing device of the present invention which is adapted to the seed particle size and the sowing spacing and depth are steplessly adjustable; Fig.23 A schematic diagram of a scale for sowing spacing of a small sowing device adapted to seed particle size and having stepless adjustable sowing spacing and depth according to the present invention; Fig.24 A schematic diagram of the structure of a small-sized sowing device that is adapted to the seed particle size and has stepless adjustable sowing spacing and depth; Fig.25 A schematic diagram of the structure of a depth adjustment mechanism of a small sowing device that is adapted to the seed particle size and has stepless adjustable sowing spacing and depth of the present invention; Fig.26 A schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention is a small-scale sowing device adapted to the seed particle size and the sowing spacing and depth steplessly adjustable without removing the box C; Fig. 27 A schematic diagram of a gear transmission structure and a sowing depth scale of a small sowing device adapted to seed particle size and steplessly adjustable sowing spacing and depth according to the present invention; List of accompanying drawings: 1. Frame A; 11. Frame B; 111. Motor; 112. Battery; 113. Switch; 12. Frame C; 1220. Pulley A; 1221. Pulley B; 1222. Bushing B; 1223. Shaft A; 1224. Bushing C; 1225. Shaft D; 1226. Shaft B; 1227. Belt; 1228. Bushing D; 1229. Gear A; 1230. Gear B; 1231. Shaft C; 1232. Bushing Z; 1233. Bushing E; 1234. Gear C; 13. Support plate; 131. Fender; 132. Bolt B; 133. Bolt C; 134. Nut A; 135. Washer A; 14. Rotary tiller; Suppression wheel; 21, end cover A; 211, screw A; 212, sleeve G; 213, nut B; 214, shaft E; 215, gasket B; 221, sprocket A; 222, sleeve H; 223, end cover B; 224, sleeve X; 225, sleeve A; Box A; 31, sprocket B; 3101, end ratchet A; 3102, end ratchet B; 311, shaft F; 312, nut C; 313, slider A; 315, spring B; 316, threaded transmission plate; 317, spring A; 318, locking slider; 319, threaded locking plate; 32, end cover C; 321, cross handle C; 3211, nut E; 322, gasket C; 323, screw B; 324, shaft G; 325, Cross handle A; 33, gear D; 332, toothed locking slider A; 3321, toothed locking slider B; 3322 screw B; 3323, bearing F; 333, self-locking screw; 3331, screw seat; 3341, square column; 335, gear E; 336, bearing E; 3361, bushing I; 341, bracket C; 342, bolt E; 343, torsion spring B; 345, tensioning sprocket; 35, chain A; 351, sprocket C; Frame D; 41, funnel; 411, screw J; 42, end cover; 421, screw D; 422, screw E; 423, funnel-shaped opening; 424, inclined plate; 425, seed drop opening; 4251, arc seed drop plate A; 4252, arc seed drop plate B; 4253, arc seed drop plate C; 4254, arc seed drop plate D; 4255, arc seed drop plate E; 4256, seed drop groove; 4257, rubber ring; 4258, annular groove; 43, bracket D; 431, screw H; 44, bracket E; 45, roller; 451, bearing end cover A; 452, screw I; 453, bearing A; 46, barrel; 461, slider B; 462, U-shaped buckle ring; 463, sliding arc plate; Box C; 52, sowing tube; 53, shaft H; 531, sleeve J; 5321, gear F1; 5322, gear F2; 5323, gear F3; 5324, reversing gear F4; 5325, gear F5; 533, sleeve K; 54, shaft I; 541, sleeve L; 542, sleeve M; 544, rack; 55, shaft J; 56, shaft K; 561, sleeve N; 562, worm wheel A; 563, gear H; 564, sleeve O; 57, shaft L; 571, sleeve P; 572, worm A; 573, nut F; 574, hand wheel A; 575, bearing B; 6. Bracket F; 61. Bushing Q; 62. Covering plate; 63. Bolt G; 64. Bracket G; 7, frame F; 71, shaft M; 711, bearing cover B; 712, bolt H; 713, bushing R; 714, nut G; 715, pressure plate B; 716, bolt I; 717, gasket E; 718, bearing C; 719, bushing S; 72, box B; 7201, bearing D1; 7202, bearing D2; 721, sprocket D; 722, bushing U; 723, chain B; 724 , sleeve V; 726, sleeve F; 73, shaft N; 731, frame G; 732, sleeve W; 74, push rod; 741, stud; 742, nut H; 75, universal wheel; 76, collection box; 761, hose; 762, pressure plate C; 7621, screw F; 7622, ​​cross handle B; 7623, flip door; 7624, nut L; 7625, nut I; 7626, lock tongue; 8. Box D; 81. Handwheel B; 811. Nut K; 812. Shaft O; 813. Bearing cover C; 814. Screw L; 8151. Bearing E1; 8152. Bearing E2; 816. Worm B; 817. Worm wheel B; 82. Screw A; 8211. Thrust ball bearing B1; 8212. Thrust ball bearing B2; 822. Bolt K; 823. Threaded sleeve; 824. Pressure plate A; 825. Bearing seat; 8261. Thrust ball bearing A1; 8262. Thrust ball bearing A2; 827. Bolt L. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following is combined with Figure 1-27 The present invention is described in further detail.

[0025] Embodiment 1, refer to Figure 1-27 In this embodiment, in order to solve the problem that the existing small-scale sowing device cannot simultaneously meet the sowing requirements of different crops (different particle diameters), and the different sowing spacing and depth requirements. The present invention discloses a small-scale sowing device that can adapt to the seed particle size and the sowing spacing and depth are steplessly adjustable, including a front-end structure, which is located at the front end of the device. The front-end structure includes a frame F7, and a liftable universal wheel 75 is installed at the bottom of the front side of the frame F7. The top of the front side is fixedly connected to the box D8, and a lifting mechanism is arranged inside the box D8. The middle side is the frame B11, and the motor 111 and the battery 112 are both inside the frame B11. The other side of the middle is equipped with a frame C12 that runs through the frame F7, and the rotary tiller 14 is connected to the motor 111 through gear transmission and belt transmission; the frame A1 is arranged at the middle and rear side of the frame F7, and the frame B11 is above the frame A1. The frame A1 is provided with a fender 131 near the rotary tiller 14; The seed placement mechanism is located at the rear side of the front structure, including a frame D4. The frame D4 is hollowed out in an inverted U shape at the bottom and is provided with a collection box 76. The collection box 76 is connected to the bottom of the frame D4 at the top and to the hose 761 at the bottom. The top half is fixed to the bracket D43 by screws H431, and the other half is an inverted U shape with the opening inward. The barrel 46 is arranged inside the bracket D43, and the rear side of the frame D4 is connected to the push rod 74; The rear end structure is located at the rear side of the seed dropping mechanism, and includes a box body A3. The shaft M71 passes through the box body A3. The box body A3 is provided with a speed change mechanism. The shaft M71 is fixed on the frame F7. A pressing wheel 2 is provided at the bottom of the frame F7. Shafts N73 are installed on both sides of the pressing wheel 2. A frame G731 is provided between the two shafts N73. There is a shaft sleeve W732 on the frame G731. The covering plate 62 is connected to the shaft N73. The front end structure, the seed dropping mechanism and the rear end structure are fixed by bolts.

[0026] The lifting mechanism inside the box D8 includes a threaded sleeve 823 fixed by a bolt K822. The threaded sleeve 823 is connected to the worm wheel B817 through a thrust ball bearing B18211. The thrust ball bearing B28212 is located above the worm wheel B817. The screw A82 is located above the thrust ball bearing B28212. The shaft O812 is at the rear side of the threaded sleeve 823. The two ends of the shaft have worms B816 that match the worm wheel B817. One side of the worm wheel B817 is fixed to the inside of the box D8 through a bearing E28152. The other side is fixed to the inner side of the box D8 through the bearing E28152, and a bearing end cover C813 is provided on the outer side and fixed by the screw L814. The handwheel B81 and the inner bearing E28152 are connected through the fixed shaft and fixed by the nut K811. The universal wheel 75 and the frame F7 are connected through the bearing seat 825 and the pressure plate A824. The universal wheel 75 is fixed by the bolt L827, and the thrust ball bearing A18261 and the thrust ball bearing A28262 are arranged inside from bottom to top.

[0027] The transmission mechanism of the rotary tiller 14 includes gear B1230, gear A1229, and gear C1234 from bottom to top; they are respectively connected to the inner side of the frame C12 through sleeve E1233, sleeve C1224, and sleeve B1222; a pulley B1221 is provided between the gear C1234 and the sleeve B1222; the pulley B1221 is connected to the pulley A1220 through a belt 1227; the radius of the pulley A1220 is smaller than the radius of the pulley B1221; the pulley A1220 is controlled by the motor 111 through the shaft B1226 on the side of the inverted L-shaped plate where the switch 113 is located; the switch 113 controls the motor 111; the other side of the gear B1230 is connected to the sleeve Z1232; the rotary tiller 14 is in the middle; the other side of the sleeve Z1232 is installed with a bearing A453 and a shaft C1231 The fender 131 is fixed to the side of the frame A1 by bolts B132. Bolts C133 and nuts A134 matching the bolts B132 are provided below the bolts C133 and nuts A134 matching the bolts C133 and A134 matching the bolts B132. The barrel 46 is fixed inside the bracket D43 by screws I452. The barrel 46 is outside the roller 45. The top of the barrel 46 is an end cover 42, which is fixed by screws D421. The top of the end cover 42 is provided with a funnel-shaped opening 423. The barrel 46 also includes five sliding arc plates 463, and each sliding arc plate 463 on one side of the funnel-shaped opening 423 is provided with a slider B461. The barrel 46 is provided with five U-shaped buckle ring 462, each U-shaped buckle ring 462 is matched with slider B461, and on the other side opposite to the funnel-shaped opening 423, each sliding arc plate 463 is provided with an arc seed dropping plate, which are arc seed dropping plate A4251, arc seed dropping plate B4252, arc seed dropping plate C4253, arc seed dropping plate D4254, and arc seed dropping plate E4255, and an annular groove 4258 is provided in the middle of the arc seed dropping plate, and the seed dropping groove 4256 The outer side is provided with a rubber ring 4257 adapted thereto, and the seed drop groove 4256 is conical with a taper of 7:10; the drum 45 has a round hole adapted to the seed drop groove 4256, and the bottom of the drum 45 has a telescopic cylinder, which is arranged inside the other half of the inverted U-shaped box of the frame D4 through the partition, and the inside of the drum 45 is provided with an inclined plate 424. The outside of the collection box 76 includes a flip door 7623, and a pressure plate C is installed on the flip door 7623 through screws F7621. 762, a cross handle B7622 is arranged on the pressure plate C762, and the bottom of one side of the collection box 76 is connected to the hose 761. The inside of the collection box 76 is provided with a nut I7625 and a locking tongue 7626 which are matched with the cross handle B7622. The slopes of the inner wall of the collection box 76 are 1:1, 1:2, 5:6, and 5:6 respectively, and the slope of the bottom plate is 3:40. The bottom opening of the hose 761 is matched with the box C51 on the rear side of the rack A1.

[0028] The outer ring of shaft M71 has a shaft sleeve R713. One side of the pressure wheel 2 passes through the inside of the frame F7 through the shaft sleeve H222 and is connected to the sprocket A221. The other side of the pressure wheel 2 is fixed by the gasket B215, shaft E214 and nut B213. The other side of the shaft M71 is also connected to the sprocket D721. The sprocket A221 is the same as the sprocket D721. The shaft M71 is fixed to the frame F7 through the bearing end cover B711. The inner side of the box A3 is an end cover C32, on which there are four groups of gaskets C322 and screws B323 distributed in pairs. A through hole is set in the middle of the end cover C3, and a cross handle A325 is fixed on the left side of the through hole. The cross handle C321 on the top of the box A3 is fixed by a nut E3211. A threaded transmission plate 316 is set on the outer side of the box A3. A slider A313 is set in the middle position of the outer side of the box A3. The sprocket B31 is fixed by a shaft F311 and a nut C312. Four cross-distributed brackets C341 are set on the front side of the middle of the outer side of the box A3. A torsion spring B343 is set on one side of the bracket C341, and the other side of the bracket C341 is fixed by bolts E3 42 fixes the tensioning sprocket 245, the sprocket C351 passes through the roller 45, the chain A35 is sleeved on the sprocket C351 and the bracket C341, and the bottom is connected to the outer sprocket of the tensioning sprocket 245. The slider A313 locks the slider 318 at the bottom through the end face ratchet B3102 through the gap and contacts the end face ratchet A3101 on the inner side of the sprocket B31. The inside of the box A3 is a threaded locking disk 319, and a screw rod B3322 is arranged in the middle of the threaded locking disk 319. The outer side of the screw rod B3322 is a gear D33. The cross handle A325 is sleeved on the gear E335 through the shaft G324. The gear E335 is adapted to the gear D33. There are two screw rods B3102 in the middle of the box A3. 3322, a toothed locking slider A332 is arranged above the screw rod B3322, and a toothed locking slider B3321 is arranged below. The toothed locking slider A332 is connected to the outer side of the box body A3 through a self-locking screw rod 333. The self-locking screw rod 333 is in the middle of the two screw rods B 3322. The other side of the toothed locking slider A332 is connected to the screw rod seat 3331 through the self-locking screw rod 333. The cross handle C321 has the words "loose" on the left and "lock" on the right. A threaded transmission disk 316 is arranged on the threaded locking disk 319. The screw rod B 3322 is connected to the box body A3 through a bearing F 3323.

[0029] There is a bracket F6 on the shaft N73, and a shaft sleeve Q61 is provided on the bracket F6. The bracket G64 is vertically fixed below the shaft N73 and fixes the covering plate 62 by means of bolts G64 and nuts G714.

[0030] A shaft L57 is arranged on the upper part of the box body C51, and the shaft L57 passes through the side of the box body C51, and the bearing B575 is fixed on the outer side with a nut F573. A handwheel A574 is arranged on the bearing 575. The shaft L57 passes through the shaft sleeve P571 and the worm A572, and the worm A572 is matched with the worm wheel A562 at the bottom. The shaft sleeve O564 passes through the worm wheel A562 and is fixed in position by the shaft K56. A gear H563 with a small cross section is arranged on the rear side of the worm wheel A562 on the shaft sleeve O564. The shaft sleeve O564 is connected to the sowing tube 52, and shaft sleeves M542 are arranged on both sides of the shaft sleeve O564. 2 is provided with a gear F25322 which is adapted to the rack 544 on the side of the sowing tube 52, and the two shaft sleeves M542 are respectively provided with a gear F55325 which is adapted to the gear H563 and a gear F35323 which is adapted to the reversing gear F45324. The reversing gear F45324 is adapted to the gear H563 and is fixed by the shaft J55. A sowing depth scale line is provided between the two racks 544. There are also gears F15321 which are adapted to the racks 544 and are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the racks 544 and are arranged on the shaft sleeve K533. The shaft sleeve K533 is on the outside of the shaft H53, and the rack 544 can move up and down.

[0031] The method of use of the present invention is as follows: Step 1: Ensure that the device is in the initial state, rotate the cross handle B7622, ​​the lock tongue 7626 opens, select the appropriate seed drop groove 4256 according to the particle diameter of the seeds, and reset the rotating cross handle B7622.

[0032] Specific implementation method: In the initial state: all sliders B461 are in contact with all U-shaped buckles 462, and all sliders B461 are in a locked state; all arc-shaped seed dropping plates are located at the seed dropping port 425, and are in an open state under the action of gravity; the toothed locking slider A332 and the toothed locking slider B3321 are engaged with the gear D33 at the same time, and the sprocket B31 and the threaded transmission disk 316 are in a locked state at the same time; the arrow on the cross handle B7622 points to the "off" position on the pressure plate C762, and the flip door 7623 is in a closed state; the arrow on the box C51 points to the scale value "0" on the seeding tube 52, and the seeding tube 52 is in the highest position; the rotary blade 14 is in a raised state.

[0033] Rotate the cross handle B7622 to move the arrow on the cross handle B7622 to the "open" position on the pressure plate C762, and the lock tongue 7626 is turned from the closed state to the open state, and the flip door 7623 is pulled open. According to the particle diameter of the seeds, select the seed drop groove 4256 suitable for the seeds sown this time. The seed drop groove 4256 is covered with a rubber ring 4257, and the rubber ring 4257 cooperates with the annular groove 4258 on the arc seed drop plate to make the seed drop groove 4256 fixedly connected to the groove on the arc seed drop plate. There are 5 arc seed drop plates, namely arc seed drop plate A4251, arc seed drop plate B4252, arc seed drop plate C4253, arc seed drop plate D4254, and arc seed drop plate E4255, which are arranged on the drum 45 in sequence. , and the seed drop groove 4256 is selected. Close the flip door 7623, rotate the cross handle B7622, ​​move the arrow on the cross handle B7622 to the "close" position on the pressure plate C762, and reset the cross handle B7622.

[0034] Step 2: Push the device forward to rotate and close the arc-shaped seed-dropping plate. According to the single seeding amount required for crop sowing, control whether the arc-shaped seed-dropping plate rotates to drop seeds, and complete the setting of the single seeding amount.

[0035] Specific implementation: Push the device forward to rotate and close the arc seed dropping plate (the outer surface of the arc seed dropping plate fits with the inner surface of the barrel 46). The device has a total of 5 U-shaped buckles 462, 5 sliders B461, and 5 sliding arc plates 463. Each sliding arc plate 463 can lock an arc seed dropping plate. Flip the U-shaped buckle 462 to release the lock of the slider B461 by part of the U-shaped buckle 462. The slider B461 is fixedly connected to the sliding arc plate 463. The sliding arc plate 463 is located in the slide groove on the barrel 46. Slide the slider B461 downward. The slider B461 drives the sliding arc plate 463 to slide in the slide groove on the barrel 46 to the extreme position. The sliding arc plate 463 blocks the seed dropping port 425 on the barrel 46, so that the arc seed dropping plate corresponding to the sliding arc plate 463 cannot rotate to drop seeds. The user can control whether the arc-shaped seed dropping plate A4251, arc-shaped seed dropping plate B4252, arc-shaped seed dropping plate C4253, arc-shaped seed dropping plate D4254, and arc-shaped seed dropping plate E4255 rotate to drop seeds during the subsequent seed dropping process according to the single seeding amount required for crop sowing, thereby completing the setting of the single seeding amount.

[0036] Step 3: Rotate the cross handle C321 to the "loose" direction to the extreme position to release the lock on gear D33, and release the lock slider 318 on sprocket B31. According to the requirements of crop sowing spacing, drive the shaft G324 → gear E335 → gear D33 → threaded transmission plate 316 to rotate through the cross handle A325 to complete the setting of the sowing spacing, and rotate the cross handle C321 to the "lock" direction to the extreme position to complete the locking of sprocket B.

[0037] Specific implementation method: rotate the cross handle C321 in the "loose" direction to the extreme position, the rotation of the cross handle C321 drives the self-locking screw 333 to rotate, the self-locking screw 333 drives the toothed locking slider A332 to move in the direction close to the cross handle C321, and the internal threads of the threaded holes on both sides of the toothed locking slider A332 drive the screw B3322. There are two screws B3322, neither of which has the self-locking function, and both ends of each screw B3322 are symmetrically provided with threads with opposite rotation directions. The rotation of the screw B3322 drives the toothed locking slider B3321 to move in the direction away from the cross handle C321, and the toothed locking slider B3321 and the toothed locking slider A332 form a radial expansion movement to release the lock on the gear D33; At the same time, the annular protrusion on the threaded locking disk 319 is separated from the upper stepped convex surface of the toothed locking slider B3321 and the toothed locking slider A332 (the end surface of the toothed locking slider B3321 and the toothed locking slider A332 that contacts the threaded locking disk 319 is in a two-step shape), and the spring A317 (always in a compressed state) pushes the threaded locking disk 319 (the threaded end surface of the threaded locking disk 319 is nested in the threaded groove reserved on the threaded transmission disk 316) to move toward the end cover C32, and the threaded locking disk The annular protrusion on 319 contacts the lower step surfaces of the toothed locking slider B3321 and the toothed locking slider A332 (the threaded end surface of the threaded locking disk 319 is slightly lower than the bottom end of the thread on the threaded transmission disk 316), and the spring B315 (always in a compressed state) pushes the locking slider 318 to move to the bottom end of the thread on the threaded transmission disk 316, and the end face ratchet B3102 on the locking slider 318 is separated from the end face ratchet A3101 on the sprocket B31, thereby releasing the lock of the locking slider 318 on the sprocket B31.

[0038] The device has 4 sliders A313 and 4 sprockets B31. Each sprocket B31 is movably connected to the corresponding slider A313. Among the 4 sprockets B31, 3 sprockets B31 will always be meshed with the chain A35 to form an approximate sprocket with adjustable diameter. According to the requirements of crop sowing spacing, the cross handle A325 drives the shaft G324 → gear E335 → gear D33 → threaded transmission disk 316 to rotate. The threaded transmission disk 316 simultaneously drives all sliders A313 to radially contract or expand in the slide groove on the box A3, adjust the relative positions of the 4 sprockets B31, change the diameter of the approximate sprocket, and move the arrow on the slider A313 to the corresponding scale value on the box A3 (the corresponding scale value on the box A3 is the actual sowing spacing.) When adjusting the sowing spacing, the four sprockets B31) radially contract or expand, the sprocket B31 on the tight side of the chain A35 and the sprocket B31 on the loose side rotate in opposite directions, and the number of chain links between the two sprockets B31 increases or decreases as the distance between the sprockets B31 changes, preventing the chain A35 from being damaged during the adjustment of the sowing spacing.

[0039] Rotate the cross handle C321 in the "locking" direction to the extreme position, driving the toothed locking slider A332 and the toothed locking slider B3321 to radially contract and return to the initial position to complete the locking.

[0040] When the toothed locking slider A332 and the toothed locking slider B3321 are reset, the annular protrusion on the end surface of the threaded locking disk 319 is squeezed, and the threaded locking disk 319 is reset. The threaded locking disk 319 drives the locking slider 318 to reset and re-lock the sprocket B31.

[0041] Step 4: According to the requirement of crop sowing depth, rotate handwheel A574 → shaft L57 → worm A572 → worm wheel A562 → shaft K56 → gear H563.

[0042] Specific implementation method: 5. According to the requirement of crop sowing depth, rotate hand wheel A574 → shaft L57 → worm A572 → worm wheel A562 → shaft K56 → gear H563, Gear H563 drives gear F55325 and reversing gear F45324 to rotate at the same time. The reversing gear F45324 drives the gear F35323 to rotate (the subsequent transmission of gear F35323 and gear F55325 is the same, and the following only introduces the structure of one side of gear F35323.), the rotation of gear F35323 drives the shaft I54 → gear F25322 to rotate, and the gear F25322 drives the rack 544 fixed on the sowing tube 52 to move downward, and the sowing tube 52 moves downward (the sowing tube 52 is marked with a scale). The box C51 is fixedly connected to the frame F7, and the scale value on the sowing tube 52 pointed by the arrow on the box C51 is the sowing depth of the crop, realizing stepless adjustment of the sowing depth. (After the sowing depth is adjusted, the worm gear mechanism composed of the worm A572 and the worm wheel A562 is self-locking to prevent changes in the sowing depth.) Gear F15321 and gear F25322 mesh with rack 544 at the same time, which stabilizes the gear-rack transmission.

[0043] Step 5: Turn the hand wheel B81 to drive the shaft O812 to rotate. The rotation of the shaft O812 also drives the worms at both ends to rotate, completing all the adjustment work of the device.

[0044] Specific implementation method: Turning the hand wheel B81 drives the shaft O812 to rotate, and the shaft O812 rotates while driving the worms at both ends to rotate (the structure of the mechanism on both sides of the shaft O812 is symmetrical, and only half of the structure is introduced below.) The rotation of worm B816 drives worm wheel B817 → screw A82 to rotate.

[0045] The screw rod A82 is rotatably connected to the universal wheel 75, and the long threaded sleeve composed of the internal thread of the threaded sleeve 823 and the threaded hole on the frame F7 is threadedly matched with the screw rod A82. The rotation of the screw rod A82 drives the frame F7 to rotate counterclockwise around the pressing wheel 2, and the rotary tiller 14 is lowered to the tilling position (the position where the frame F7 and the pressure plate A824 are completely fitted).

[0046] The threaded sleeve 823 is fixedly connected to the frame F7. The internal thread of the threaded sleeve 823 is coaxial with the threaded hole on the frame F7, thereby increasing the contact area between the threaded hole on the frame F7 and the thread on the screw rod A (82), making the thread transmission more stable.

[0047] After the rotary tiller 14 is lowered to the tilling position, the worm gear mechanism composed of the worm B816 and the worm wheel B817 is self-locking to prevent the position of the rotary tiller 14 from changing.

[0048] At this point, all adjustments to the device have been completed.

[0049] Step 6: Pour the seeds into the funnel-shaped opening, turn on the motor switch to loosen the soil, use the mud guard to prevent soil particles from splashing, and the chain A35 → sprocket C351 drives the roller 45 to rotate.

[0050] Specific implementation: Pour seeds into the funnel-shaped opening 423 on the end cover 42. Turn on the switch 113, the motor 111 drives the pulley A1220 to rotate, and the pulley A1220 → belt 1227 → pulley B1221 → gear C1234 → gear A1229 → gear B1230 → shaft C1231 drives the rotary tiller 14 to rotate to loosen the soil.

[0051] A mud guard 131 is installed behind the rotary tiller 14 to block soil particles splashing during rotary tillage, preventing the splashing of soil particles and resulting in insufficient soil when covering the soil. At the same time, it can also protect the device and the user from being damaged by the splashing of soil particles.

[0052] When the rotary tiller 14 loosens the soil, it generates a forward traction force, which reduces the resistance to the forward movement of the device. Only a small amount of thrust needs to be manually applied to push the push rod 74 installed on the frame D4 to move the device forward.

[0053] When the pushing device moves forward, the ground friction drives the pressing wheel 2 to rotate → shaft E214 → sprocket A221 → chain B723 → sprocket D721 → shaft M71 → box A3 → approximate sprocket composed of 4 sprockets B31 → chain A35 drives the tensioning sprocket 345 and sprocket C351 to rotate, chain A35 → tensioning sprocket 345 rotates, bracket C341 always provides an upward tensioning force for the tensioning sprocket 345 through the torsion spring B343 to achieve the tensioning of chain A35. The length of chain A35 is the length required when the approximate sprocket is the largest (when the sowing spacing is the largest), and the tensioning sprocket 345 ensures that chain A35 is always in a tensioned state to prevent chain A35 from falling off.

[0054] Chain A35→sprocket C351 drives the roller 45 to rotate. The rotation speed of the roller 45 is only affected by the transmission ratio between the pressing wheel 2 and the roller 45, and is not affected by the forward speed of the device, thereby ensuring the reliability of the plant spacing.

[0055] The surface of the pressing wheel 2 is evenly distributed with hemispherical anti-skid protrusions, which ensures that there is sufficient friction between the pressing wheel 2 and the ground, prevents the pressing wheel 2 from slipping on the ground, and further ensures the reliability of the plant spacing.

[0056] Step 7: The seeds enter the seed drop groove, and the inner wall of the drum 45 is continuously swept by the inclined plate 424, driving the seeds to vibrate and spin in the drum 45 to prevent the seeds from clogging the seed drop groove. The seed drop groove 4256 rotates to the seed drop port on the barrel 46 and enters the collection box and then enters the sowing tube to complete the sowing, and then the covering plate 62 and the pressing wheel 2 are used to achieve soil covering and compaction.

[0057] Specific implementation method: the roller 45 drives the seed drop groove 4256 to rotate along the inner wall of the barrel 46 in the barrel 46. When the seed drop groove 4256 rotates to the bottom of the slope of the inclined plate 424, the seeds enter the seed drop groove 4256 along the inclined plate 424.

[0058] The inclined plate 424 continuously sweeps the inner wall of the drum 45, driving the seeds to vibrate and spin in the drum 45, preventing the seeds from blocking the seed drop groove 4256, and ensuring that only one seed can be stored in each seed drop groove 4256. The inclined plate 424 is made of a flexible material to prevent the inclined plate 424 from damaging the seeds.

[0059] When the seed drop groove 4256 rotates to the seed drop opening 425 position on the barrel 46, the barrel 46 no longer constrains the rotation of the arc seed drop plate. The arc seed drop plate rotates clockwise to the limit position under the gravity, and the seeds in the seed drop groove 4256 fall into the collection box 76 along the conical (taper 7:10) inner wall of the seed drop groove 4256. (The conical inner wall of the seed drop groove 4256 ensures the successful seed drop.) The upper end of the hose 761 is fixedly connected to the collecting box 76, and the lower end is connected to the sowing tube 52. The seeds in the collecting box 76 are collected into the hose 761 under the action of gravity (the slopes of the inner wall of the collecting box 76 are 1:1, 1:2, 5:6, and 5:6, respectively, and the slope of the bottom plate is 3:40), and the seeds slide along the hose 761 into the sowing tube 52.

[0060] The end of the sowing tube 52 is a V-shaped surface. The end of the sowing tube 52 pushes away the soil to both sides, and the seeds fall into the specified depth, so that the sowing is completed, and the forward resistance of the device can also be reduced.

[0061] The covering plate 62 and the pressing wheel 2 achieve the effects of covering and compacting the soil.

[0062] The device realizes the integrated operation of loosening soil, sowing and covering soil, which greatly reduces labor intensity and improves sowing efficiency.

[0063] Step 8: After sowing is completed, turn off the switch and reset the entire device.

[0064] Specific implementation method: After sowing is completed, the switch 113 is turned off, the motor 111 stops, and the rotary tiller 14 stops rotating.

[0065] Rotate handwheel B81 → shaft O812 → worm B816 → worm wheel B817 → screw rod A82 to simultaneously realize threaded transmission with threaded sleeve 823 and threaded holes on frame F7, driving the front end of the device to lift upward, and the front end of the device returns to its initial position.

[0066] Rotate handwheel A574 → shaft L57 → worm A572 → worm wheel A562 → shaft K56 → gear H563 → reversing gear F45324 → gear F35323 → shaft I54 → gear F25322 → rack 544 to drive the sowing tube 52 to move upward, and the sowing tube 52 returns to its initial position.

[0067] Move the slider B461 to the top of the slide groove on the barrel 46, rotate the U-shaped buckle 462, and the slider B461 returns to the locked state.

[0068] At this time, the entire device returns to its initial state.

[0069] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, any equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, principle, and method of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A small-sized sowing device adapted to seed particle size and capable of steplessly adjusting the sowing spacing and sowing depth, characterized in that: The front structure comprises a front end structure, which is located at the front end of the device. The front structure comprises a frame F (7). A universal wheel (75) that can be raised and lowered is installed at the bottom of the front side of the frame F (7). The top of the front side is fixedly connected to a box D (8). A lifting mechanism is arranged inside the box D (8). A frame B (11) is arranged on one side in the middle. The motor (111) and the battery (112) are both arranged inside the frame B (11). A frame C (12) that passes through the frame F (7) is installed on the other side in the middle. A rotary tiller (14) is connected to the motor (111) through a gear transmission and a belt transmission. A frame A (1) is arranged at the rear side of the frame F (7). The frame B (11) is above the frame A (1). A fender (131) is arranged on the frame A (1) near the rotary tiller (14). a seed placement mechanism, located at the rear side of the front end structure, comprising a frame D (4), the frame D (4) being hollowed out in an inverted U-shape at the bottom and provided with a collection box (76), the collection box (76) being connected to the bottom of the frame D (4) at the top and to a hose (761) at the bottom, the top half of which is fixed to the bracket D (43) by a screw H (431), and the other half being in an inverted U-shape with an opening facing inwards, the barrel (46) being arranged inside the bracket D (43), and the rear side of the frame D (4) being connected to the push rod (74); A rear end structure is located at the rear side of the seed placement mechanism, comprising a box body A (3), a shaft M (71) passing through the box body A (3), a speed change mechanism being provided on the box body A (3), the shaft M (71) being fixed on a frame F (7), a pressing wheel (2) being provided at the bottom of the frame F (7), shafts N (73) being installed on both sides of the pressing wheel (2), a frame G (731) being provided between the two shafts N (73), a shaft sleeve W (732) being provided on the frame G (731), and the covering plate (62) being connected to the shaft N (73); The front end structure, the seed placement mechanism and the rear end structure are fixed by bolts.

2. The small-sized sowing device adapted to seed particle size and capable of steplessly adjusting sowing spacing and sowing depth according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting mechanism inside the housing D (8) includes a threaded sleeve (823) fixed by a bolt K (822), the threaded sleeve (823) being connected to a worm wheel B (817) via a thrust ball bearing B1 (8211), a thrust ball bearing B2 (8212) being located above the worm wheel B (817), a screw A (82) being located above the thrust ball bearing B2 (8212), a shaft O (812) being located at the rear side of the threaded sleeve (823), a worm B (816) being provided at both ends thereof and being compatible with the worm wheel B (817), and one side of the worm wheel B (817) being fixed to the housing D via a bearing E2 (8152). (8) inside, the other side is fixed to the inside of the box body D (8) through a bearing E2 (8152), and a bearing end cover C (813) is arranged on the outside and fixed by a screw L (814). The hand wheel B (81) and the inner bearing E2 (8152) are connected by a fixed shaft and fixed by a nut K (811). The universal wheel (75) and the frame F (7) are connected by a bearing seat (825) and a pressure plate A (824). The universal wheel (75) is fixed by a bolt L (827), and a thrust ball bearing A1 (8261) and a thrust ball bearing A2 (8262) are arranged inside from bottom to top.

3. The small-sized sowing device according to claim 1, which is adapted to the seed particle size and has stepless adjustable sowing spacing and sowing depth, is characterized in that The transmission mechanism of the rotary tiller blade (14) comprises, from bottom to top, a gear B (1230), a gear A (1229), and a gear C (1234); a shaft sleeve E (1233), a shaft sleeve C (1224), and a shaft sleeve B (1222) are respectively connected to the inner side of the frame C (12); a pulley B (1221) is provided between the gear C (1234) and the shaft sleeve B (1222); the pulley B (1221) is connected to the pulley A (1220) via a belt (1227); and the pulley A (1221) is connected to the pulley A (1220) via a belt (1227). The radius of the pulley A (1220) is smaller than the radius of the pulley B (1221); the pulley A (1220) is controlled by the motor (111) through the shaft B (1226) on the side of the inverted L-shaped plate where the switch (113) is located; the switch (113) controls the motor (111); the other side of the gear B (1230) is connected to the shaft sleeve Z (1232) with the rotary tiller (14) in the middle; the other side of the shaft sleeve Z (1232) is installed with a bearing A (453) and a shaft C (1231).

4. The small-sized sowing device according to claim 1, which is adapted to the seed particle size and has stepless adjustable sowing spacing and sowing depth, is characterized in that The upper portion of the fender (131) is fixed to the side of the frame A (1) via a bolt B (132); a bolt C (133) and a nut A (134) adapted thereto are provided below the bolt B (132); and a support plate (13) is provided on the side of the fender (131).

5. The small-sized sowing device adapted to seed particle size and capable of steplessly adjusting sowing spacing and sowing depth according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The barrel (46) is fixed inside the bracket D (43) by means of screws I (452). The barrel (46) is on the outside of the roller (45). The top of the barrel (46) is an end cover (42). The end cover (42) is fixed by means of screws D (421). A funnel-shaped opening (423) is provided on the top of the end cover (42). The barrel (46) further comprises five sliding arc plates (463), and a slider B (461) is provided on each sliding arc plate (463) on one side of the funnel-shaped opening (423). Five U-shaped buckles (462) are provided on the barrel (46), and each of the U-shaped buckles (462) is matched with the slider B (461). On the other side opposite to the funnel-shaped opening (423), each The arc-shaped seed dropping plates (463) are provided with arc-shaped seed dropping plates, which are arc-shaped seed dropping plates A (4251), arc-shaped seed dropping plates B (4252), arc-shaped seed dropping plates C (4253), arc-shaped seed dropping plates D (4254), and arc-shaped seed dropping plates E (4255). The arc-shaped seed dropping plates have an annular groove (4258) in the middle, and the outer side of the seed dropping groove (4256) has a rubber ring (4257) adapted thereto. The seed dropping groove (4256) is conical with a taper of 7:

10. The roller (45) has a circular hole adapted to the seed dropping groove (4256). The bottom of the roller (45) has a telescopic cylinder which passes through a partition and is arranged inside the other half of the inverted U-shaped box of the frame D (4). The roller (45) has an inclined plate (424) arranged inside.

6. The small-sized sowing device adapted to seed particle size and capable of steplessly adjusting sowing spacing and sowing depth according to claim 1, characterized in that: The collection box (76) includes a flip door (7623) on the outside, a pressure plate C (762) is installed on the flip door (7623) by means of screws F (7621), a cross handle B (7622) is arranged on the pressure plate C (762), a bottom of one side of the collection box (76) is connected to a hose (761), a nut I (7625) and a locking tongue (7626) adapted to the cross handle B (7622) are arranged inside the collection box (76), the inner wall slopes of the collection box (76) are 1:1, 1:2, 5:6, 5:6 respectively, the bottom plate slope is 3:40, and the bottom opening of the hose (761) is adapted to the box body C (51) at the rear side of the rack A (1).

7. The small-sized sowing device adapted to seed particle size and capable of steplessly adjusting sowing spacing and sowing depth according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer ring of the shaft M (71) has a shaft sleeve R (713), one side of the pressure wheel (2) passes through the interior of the frame F (7) through the shaft sleeve H (222) and is connected to the sprocket A (221), the other side of the pressure wheel (2) is fixed by a gasket B (215), a shaft E (214) and a nut B (213), the other side of the shaft M (71) is also connected to the sprocket D (721), the sprocket A (221) and the sprocket D (721) are the same, and the shaft M (71) is fixed to the frame F (7) through a bearing end cover B (711).

8. The small-sized sowing device adapted to seed particle size and capable of steplessly adjusting sowing spacing and sowing depth according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inner side of the box body A (3) is an end cover C (32). The end cover C (32) is provided with four groups of washers C (322) and screws B (323) arranged in pairs. A through hole is arranged in the middle of the end cover C (3). A cross handle A (325) is fixed to the left of the through hole. The cross handle C (321) at the top of the box body A (3) is fixed by a nut E (3211). The outer side of the box body A (3) is provided with a threaded transmission plate (316). A slider A (313) is arranged in the middle of the outer side of the box body A (3). The sprocket B (31) is fixed by a shaft F (311) and a nut C (312). Four cross-arranged brackets C (341) are arranged on the front middle of the outer side of the box body A (3). A torsion spring B (343) is arranged on one side of the bracket C (341). The other side of the bracket C (341) is fixed by a bolt E (342). The tensioning sprocket (245), the sprocket C (351) passes through the roller (45), the chain A (35) is sleeved on the sprocket C (351) and the bracket C (341), and the bottom is connected to the outer sprocket of the tensioning sprocket (245), the locking slider (318) at the bottom of the slider A (313) passes through the notch through the end face ratchet B (3102) and contacts the end face ratchet A (3101) on the inner side of the sprocket B (31), the inner side of the box body A (3) is a threaded locking disk (319), a screw rod B (3322) is arranged in the middle of the threaded locking disk (319), and the outer side of the screw rod B (3322) is a gear D (33), the cross handle A (325) is sleeved on the gear E (335) through the shaft G (324), and the gear E (335) and the gear D (33) are adapted to each other, and two screw rods B (3102) are arranged in the middle of the box body A (3) 3322), a toothed locking slider A (332) is arranged above the screw rod B (3322), and a toothed locking slider B (3321) is arranged below the screw rod B (3322), the toothed locking slider A (332) is connected to the outer side of the box body A (3) through a self-locking screw rod (333), the self-locking screw rod (333) is located between the two screw rods B (3322), the other side of the toothed locking slider A (332) is connected to the screw rod seat (3331) through the self-locking screw rod (333), the cross handle C (321) has the words "loose" on the left and "lock" on the right, the threaded locking disk (319) is provided with a threaded transmission disk (316), and the screw rod B (3322) is connected to the box body A (3) through a bearing F (3323).

9. The small-sized sowing device adapted to seed particle size and capable of steplessly adjusting sowing spacing and sowing depth according to claim 6, characterized in that: A bracket F (6) is disposed on the shaft N (73), a shaft sleeve Q (61) is disposed on the bracket F (6), and the bracket G (64) is vertically fixed below the shaft N (73) to fix the covering plate (62) via bolts G (64) and nuts G (714).

10. The small-sized sowing device adapted to seed particle size and capable of steplessly adjusting sowing spacing and sowing depth according to claim 6, characterized in that: A shaft L (57) is arranged on the upper part of the housing C (51). The shaft L (57) passes through the side of the housing C (51) and fixes the bearing B (575) on the outer side with a nut F (573). A hand wheel A (574) is arranged on the bearing (575). The shaft L (57) passes through the shaft sleeve P (571) and the worm A (572). The worm A (572) is matched with the worm wheel A (562) at the bottom. The shaft sleeve O (564) passes through the worm wheel A (562) and is fixed in position by the shaft K (56). A gear H (563) with a small cross section is arranged on the rear side of the worm wheel A (562) on the shaft sleeve O (564). The shaft sleeve O (564) is connected to the sowing tube (52). Shaft sleeves M (542) are arranged on both sides of the shaft sleeve O (564). The shaft sleeve M (542) is provided with a gear F2 (5322) adapted to be matched with a rack (544) on the side of the sowing tube (52); the two shaft sleeves M (542) are also provided with a gear F5 (5325) adapted to be matched with the gear H (563) and a gear F3 (5323) adapted to be matched with a reversing gear F4 (5324); the reversing gear F4 (5324) is adapted to be matched with the gear H (563) and fixed via a shaft J (55); a sowing depth scale line is provided between the two racks (544); gears F1 (5321) adapted to be matched with the racks (544) are provided on both sides of the shaft sleeve K (533); the shaft sleeve K (533) is located outside the shaft H (53); and the racks (544) are movable up and down.

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