A light and temperature efficient machine-adaptable solar greenhouse based on soil heat storage

Abstract

A light-temperature efficient mechanized solar greenhouse based on soil heat storage, which relates to the field of vegetable cultivation technology, includes a rear wall, a gable, a front roof and a cultivation bed, a heat storage slope is provided between the front end of the front roof and the cultivation bed, and the cultivation bed is provided with a plurality of cultivation flat beds with increasing heights arranged in parallel in a ladder shape from front to back, and shallow cultivation trenches are provided on the cultivation flat beds. The invention solves the problem of low solar energy utilization efficiency and insufficient heat storage in non-soil wall solar greenhouses in traditional technology, and the inability to completely rely on soil heat storage to meet the greenhouse's maintenance of suitable temperature requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, and particularly relates to a light and temperature efficient machine-friendly solar greenhouse based on soil heat storage. Background Art

[0002] At present, the wall of a common energy-saving solar greenhouse with good heat preservation is of rammed earth structure. The solar greenhouse with a rammed earth structure wall has strong heat storage capacity, which can prevent the temperature in the solar greenhouse from rising too fast and too high on sunny days during the day. At night in winter, the temperature in the solar greenhouse drops quickly, and the heat inside the wall layer will be released into the air in the greenhouse, so that the temperature in the greenhouse will not be too low. The thickness of the rammed earth structure wall is generally 5-7m, and the wall occupies a large amount of land area, resulting in a low land utilization rate of the solar greenhouse. To improve the land utilization rate, it has become a development direction to use thermal insulation materials to replace the rammed earth design and build a thin-wall solar greenhouse.

[0003] In order to improve the heat storage problem of non-thick soil wall solar greenhouses, people have begun to build thin-wall solar greenhouses by combining thermal insulation materials and phase change materials. However, the heat capacity of the current mainstream phase change materials is still insufficient relative to the heat demand of the greenhouse. In extremely cold regions in winter or under extreme weather conditions such as continuous cloudy days, it still cannot meet the demand for maintaining a suitable temperature in the greenhouse.

[0004] A patent with a publication number of CN119183838A is disclosed in the prior art, which discloses a solar greenhouse for machine-friendly vegetable cultivation, including a cultivation bed arranged in a sunken manner, a front roof surface, and a rear wall. The top end of the rear wall is inclined with a rear slope. The cultivation bed is provided with cultivation ridges along the east-west direction, and there is a hanging vine wire directly above the cultivation ridges; the included angle A between the virtual connection line between the upper edge of the rear slope and the upper edge of the front vertical surface of the cultivation bed and the ground plane is the geographical latitude of the greenhouse - 10.5°. It solves the problems in the traditional technology that for the east-west cultivation ridges, due to the occlusion between the canopies, the light distribution in the ridges and between the ridges is uneven, the light received by the leaves on the north and south sides of the plants in the same ridge is uneven, and the light intensity on the north side is weaker than that on the south side; and the light distribution between different ridges is uneven, and the light intensity on the north side ridge is relatively weak.

[0005] The prior art including the above patent gradually reveals deficiencies during use, mainly manifested in the following aspects:

[0006] First, the thermal insulation material wall replaces the rammed earth structure wall. Due to the poor heat storage capacity of the thermal insulation material, the thermal insulation material wall loses its heat storage function, and the heat storage of the solar greenhouse is completely borne by the soil in the cultivation bed. However, the existing facility technology cannot fully utilize the heat storage potential of the soil in the cultivation bed, and the heat demand of the greenhouse is insufficient.

[0007] Second, in order to coordinate the mechanized production of the solar greenhouse, the cultivation in the solar greenhouse was changed from the traditional north-south direction to the east-west direction. When the east-west direction was adopted, the soil surface of the cultivation bed could not fully receive light due to the obstruction between the canopies, which further affected the heat storage of the cultivation bed.

[0008] Third, in order to enable the soil surface of the cultivation bed to fully receive light and achieve a good heat storage effect, the existing technology usually requires a larger area to set up the soil heat storage surface, such as using cultivation beds and expanding the row spacing of single cultivation rows, resulting in too small cultivation density, which seriously affects the land utilization rate of the solar greenhouse.

[0009] Fourth, in order to increase the heat storage and insulation capacity of non-earth wall solar greenhouses, the existing technology usually adds supporting heat storage facilities, such as setting up earth piles along the inner side of the back wall as heat storage bodies, but the heat storage bodies need to occupy a certain area of ​​land, which also reduces the land utilization rate of the solar greenhouse.

[0010] In summary, the prior art obviously has inconveniences and defects in practical use, so it is necessary to improve it. Summary of the invention

[0011] In view of the defects in the prior art, the present invention provides a light-temperature efficient and mechanized solar greenhouse based on soil heat storage, which is used to solve the problems of low solar energy utilization efficiency and insufficient heat storage in non-earth wall solar greenhouses in traditional technologies, and the inability to completely rely on soil heat storage to meet the greenhouse's maintenance of a suitable temperature.

[0012] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0013] A light-temperature efficient mechanized solar greenhouse based on soil heat storage comprises a rear wall, a gable, a front roof and a cultivation bed. A heat storage slope is provided between the front end of the front roof and the cultivation bed. The cultivation bed is provided with a plurality of cultivation beds with increasing heights arranged in parallel in a ladder shape from front to back, and shallow cultivation trenches are provided on the cultivation beds.

[0014] As an optimized solution, the rear wall includes an inclined support frame, with rear columns and front columns on both sides of the support frame respectively, the top end of the support frame is connected to the top end of the front column, and the bottom end of the support frame is connected to the bottom end of the rear column.

[0015] As an optimized solution, a top operating platform is connected between the top ends of the front columns and the top ends of the rear columns.

[0016] As an optimized solution, a thermal insulation blanket is provided on the back of the support frame, and a polystyrene foam board and a reflective curtain are provided in sequence on the front of the support frame.

[0017] As an optimized solution, the gable wall includes a support framework, and polystyrene foam boards are respectively arranged on both sides of the support framework.

[0018] As an optimized solution, the depth h1 of the cultivation flat ridge dug down near the heat storage slope, and the height difference h2 between two adjacent cultivation flat ridges, have the following relationships with the greenhouse height H respectively:

[0019] h1 = 0.044×H / tan(latitude - 10.5°) - 0.022;

[0020] h2 = [0.088×H / tan(latitude - 10.5°) - 0.044] / (N - 1).

[0021] As an optimized solution, the width of the cultivation shallow trench is 0.5 m and the depth is 0.1 m.

[0022] As an optimized solution, a slope channel is arranged inside the gable wall as a mechanical operation channel.

[0023] As an optimized solution, the included angle A between the virtual connection line between the top of the front column and the bottom side edge of the front end of the front roof and the ground plane is latitude - 10.5°.

[0024] As an optimized solution, the distance s between the rear column and the front column has the following relationship with the greenhouse height H: s ≤ H / tan(100.5° - latitude);

[0025] The greenhouse width L has the following relationship with the greenhouse height H:

[0026] L = H / tan(latitude - 10.5°) + s.

[0027] As an optimized solution, the top edge on one side of the cultivation shallow trench near the front column is in the same plane as the front column.

[0028] As an optimized solution, the number N of the cultivation flat ridges has the following relationship with the greenhouse height H:

[0029] H = [1.1×N×tan(latitude - 10.5°) - 1.1×tan(latitude - 10.5°) + 0.044 + 0.5×N×tan(latitude - 10.5°)×tan(66.5° - latitude) - 0.022×tan(latitude - 10.5°)] / [tan(66.5° - latitude) + 0.044].

[0030] As an optimized solution, the top of the heat storage slope is connected to the front end of the front roof, and the edge of the cultivation shallow trench near the heat storage slope is connected to the bottom end of the heat storage slope. The relationship between the width L1 of the heat storage slope and the greenhouse height H is as follows:

[0031] L1 = [0.044×H / tan (latitude - 10.5°) - 0.022] / sin (66.5° - latitude).

[0032] As an optimized solution, the vertical distance s1 between adjacent cultivation shallow trenches is: [1.1×N×tan (latitude - 10.5°) - 1.1×tan (latitude - 10.5°) - 0.088×H + 0.044] / [(N - 1)×tan (latitude - 10.5°)×tan(66.5° - latitude)] + 0.5.

[0033] As an optimized solution, the thickness of the polystyrene foam board is 10 - 12 cm; the reflective curtain includes a silver-white aluminized polyester film, and the heat-insulating quilt includes a rain-proof heat-insulating quilt.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0035] (1) The present invention effectively improves the problem of easy shading of light between canopies after changing the north-south rows to east-west rows in the mechanized cultivation of solar greenhouses. The light distribution and light intensity within and between rows tend to be uniform, and the light energy utilization efficiency is high. Compared with the traditional non-earth-wall mechanized solar greenhouse, the indoor light intensity is increased by 23.5 percentage points;

[0036] (2) The greenhouse of the present invention can fully rely on soil heat storage to meet the requirement of maintaining a suitable temperature in the greenhouse, and its heat storage and heat preservation performance is equivalent to that of the existing dug-earth-wall solar greenhouse; the soil in the entire cultivation area of the solar greenhouse is used as a heat storage body, and the soil surface of the cultivation bed receives sufficient sunlight. Compared with the traditional non-thick-earth-wall mechanized solar greenhouse, it is increased by 44.7 percentage points, ensuring sufficient heat storage in the cultivation bed soil; taking the lowest temperature at night as an index to represent the heat storage and heat preservation performance of the greenhouse, when the outdoor air temperature is -15.5°C to -14.8°C, the lowest temperature of the greenhouse of the present invention is 13.3°C to 13.5°C, which is 2.9°C to 3.1°C higher than that of the traditional non-thick-earth-wall mechanized solar greenhouse;

[0037] (3) The present invention solves the problems of small cultivation density and low land utilization rate in the existing mechanized cultivation solar greenhouse; on the premise of not reducing the heat storage area of the cultivation bed, the transformation from single-row cultivation to double-row cultivation of the cultivation ridge is realized, the planting space layout is optimized, and the relative soil utilization rate is maximally improved;

[0038] (4) The present invention solves the problem of difficulty in realizing mechanized operation when the solar greenhouse adopts east-west cultivation. By innovating the ladder-shaped cultivation bed and the slope-shaped mechanical operation channel, the slope of the slope channel is 5°, which ensures the smooth driving and turning of the agricultural machinery and meets the mechanical passage and operation needs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn according to the actual scale.

[0040] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the rear wall of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the gable of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 It is a parameter schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0044] In the figure: 1-rear wall; 2-front roof; 3-top operating table; 4-front column; 5-rear column; 6-cultivation flat bed; 7-cultivation shallow ditch; 8-support frame; 9-polystyrene foam board; 10-insulation blanket; 11-reflective curtain; 12-heat storage slope; 13-gable. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention are described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and are therefore only used as examples, and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0046] Embodiment 1,

[0047] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a light-temperature efficient mechanized solar greenhouse based on soil heat storage includes a rear wall 1, a gable 13, a front roof 2 and a cultivation bed. A heat storage slope 12 is provided between the front end of the front roof 2 and the cultivation bed. The cultivation bed is provided with a plurality of cultivation beds 6 with increasing heights arranged in parallel in a ladder shape from front to back, and shallow cultivation trenches 7 are provided on the cultivation beds 6.

[0048] The width of the shallow cultivation trench 7 is 0.5 m and the depth is 0.1 m.

[0049] The rear wall 1 includes a support framework 8 arranged obliquely. On both sides of the support framework 8, there are a rear upright column 5 and a front upright column 4 respectively. The top end of the support framework 8 is connected to the top end of the front upright column 4, and the bottom end of the support framework 8 is connected to the bottom end of the rear upright column 5.

[0050] A top operating platform 3 is connected between the top ends of the front upright column 4 and the rear upright column 5.

[0051] On the back of the support framework 8, there is a heat-insulating quilt 10, and on the front of the support framework 8, there are a polystyrene foam board 9 and a light-reflecting curtain 11 arranged in sequence.

[0052] The gable wall 13 includes a support framework 8, and on both sides of the support framework 8, there are polystyrene foam boards 9 respectively.

[0053] The relationship between the depth h1 of the excavation of the cultivation flat ridge 6 close to the heat storage slope 12, the height difference h2 between two adjacent cultivation flat ridges 6, and the greenhouse height H is respectively:

[0054] h1 = 0.044×H / tan (latitude - 10.5°) - 0.022;

[0055] h2 = [0.088×H / tan (latitude - 10.5°) - 0.044] / (N - 1).

[0056] On the inner side of the gable wall 13, a slope passage is set as a mechanical operation passage. The width of the slope passage is 1.2 - 1.5 m, and the slope is 5°.

[0057] The included angle A between the virtual connection line between the top end of the front upright column 4 and the bottom side edge of the front end of the front roof 2 and the ground plane is latitude - 10.5°.

[0058] The spacing s between the rear upright column 5 and the front upright column 4, and the relationship with the greenhouse height H is: s ≤ H / tan (100.5° - latitude);

[0059] The relationship between the greenhouse width L and the greenhouse height H is:

[0060] L = H / tan (latitude - 10.5°) + s.

[0061] On the same plane as the front upright column 4 is the top edge on one side of the cultivation shallow trench 7 close to the front upright column 4.

[0062] The relationship between the number N of the cultivation flat ridges 6 and the greenhouse height H is:

[0063] H = [1.1×N×tan(latitude - 10.5°) - 1.1×tan(latitude - 10.5°) + 0.044 + 0.5×N×tan(latitude - 10.5°)×tan(66.5° - latitude) - 0.022×tan(latitude - 10.5°)] / [tan(66.5° - latitude) + 0.044].

[0064] The top of the heat storage slope 12 is connected to the front end of the front roof 2, and the edge of the cultivation shallow trench 7 near the heat storage slope 12 is connected to the bottom end of the heat storage slope 12. The relationship between the width L1 of the heat storage slope 12 and the greenhouse height H is as follows:

[0065] L1 = [0.044×H / tan(latitude - 10.5°) - 0.022] / sin(66.5° - latitude).

[0066] The vertical distance s1 between adjacent cultivation shallow trenches 7 is: [1.1×N×tan(latitude - 10.5°) - 1.1×tan(latitude - 10.5°) - 0.088×H + 0.044] / [(N - 1)×tan(latitude - 10.5°)×tan(66.5° - latitude)] + 0.5.

[0067] The thickness of the polystyrene foam board 9 is 10 - 12 cm; the reflective curtain 11 includes a silver - white aluminized polyester film, and the heat - insulating quilt 10 includes a rain - proof heat - insulating quilt.

[0068] The thermal conductivity of the rain - proof heat - insulating quilt is 0.03 - 0.06 W / (m·K).

[0069] The units of parameters such as the greenhouse height H, the excavation depth h1 of the cultivation flat border 6, the height difference h2 between two adjacent cultivation flat borders 6, the vertical distance s1 between adjacent cultivation shallow trenches 7, the width L1 of the heat storage slope 12, and the greenhouse width L are all m; N is an integer; "latitude" refers to the geographical latitude where the greenhouse is located;

[0070] After determining the above - mentioned parameters, construct a solar greenhouse. When excavating the southernmost cultivation flat border, set the heat storage slope 12 according to the parameter requirements; after setting up the cultivation beds, set mechanical operation channels along the inner side of the gable wall 13 at both ends of the greenhouse according to the above - mentioned parameters; set 2 suspension wires directly above each cultivation shallow trench 7, and the distance between the 2 suspension wires is the same as the width of the cultivation shallow trench 7, and the vertical distance between the suspension wires and the cultivation flat border 6 is 1.8 m.

[0071] Example 2,

[0072] Build a solar greenhouse with an internal east-west length of 200 m according to the solution of Example 1 at a location at 37° north latitude, including a rear wall 1, gable walls 13, columns, a front roof 2, cultivation beds, a top operation platform 3, a mechanical operation passage, and a heat storage slope 12. The cultivation beds in the greenhouse are provided with 6 cultivation flat ridges 6 distributed in a ladder shape, which are, from south to north: cultivation flat ridge I, cultivation flat ridge II, cultivation flat ridge III, cultivation flat ridge IV, cultivation flat ridge V, and cultivation flat ridge VI. Each cultivation flat ridge 6 is gradually raised from south to north. Along the east-west direction on each cultivation flat ridge 6, a cultivation shallow trench 7 with a width of 0.5 m and a depth of 0.1 m is provided; the north side edge of the cultivation shallow trench 7 on the cultivation flat ridge VI is on the same plane as the front column 4.

[0073] On the cultivation beds at both ends of the greenhouse in the east-west direction, a slope passage is provided as a mechanical operation passage, with a width of 1.3 m and a slope of 5°. The connection between the slope passage and each cultivation flat ridge 6 is in an inclined plane shape; the upper edge of the slope of the heat storage slope 12 is connected to the lower side edge of the south end of the front roof 2, and the lower edge of the slope is connected to the south side edge of the cultivation shallow trench 7 on the cultivation flat ridge I.

[0074] Determine the included angle A between the virtual connection line between the top of the front column 4 and the lower side edge of the south end of the front roof 2 and the ground plane according to the geographical latitude: the latitude - 10.5° = 26.5°.

[0075] According to the geographical latitude of 37°, the expected number of cultivation flat ridges 6, and the above-known parameters, determine the following parameters.

[0076] Greenhouse height H:

[0077] H = [1.1×N×tan(latitude - 10.5°) - 1.1×tan(latitude - 10.5°) + 0.044 + 0.5×N×tan(latitude - 10.5°)×tan(66.5° - latitude) - 0.022×tan(latitude - 10.5°)] / [tan(66.5° - latitude) + 0.044]

[0078] ≈5.94 m.

[0079] The spacing s between the rear column 5 and the front column 4:

[0080] s ≤ H / tan(100.5° - latitude)

[0081] = 5.94 / tan63.5

[0082] ≈2.96 m, that is, s ≤ 2.96 m,

[0083] Taking into account the land utilization rate and the difficulty of people operating on the top operation platform comprehensively, s is taken as 1.6 m.

[0084] Greenhouse width L:

[0085] L = H / tan(latitude - 10.5°) + s ≈ 13.5m.

[0086] Digging depth of cultivation flat ridge I:

[0087] h1 = (0.044 × H) / tan(latitude - 10.5°) - 0.022 ≈ 0.5m.

[0088] Height difference between two adjacent cultivation flat ridges 6:

[0089] h2 = [(0.088 × H) / tan(latitude - 10.5°) - 0.044] / (N - 1) ≈ 0.2m.

[0090] Width L1 of the heat storage slope 12 surface:

[0091] L1 = [0.044 × H / tan(latitude - 10.5°) - 0.022] / sin(66.5° - latitude)

[0092] ≈1.02m.

[0093] Vertical distance between adjacent cultivation shallow trenches 7:

[0094] s1 = [(1.1 × N) × tan(latitude - 10.5°) - 1.1 × tan(latitude - 10.5°) - 0.088 × H + 0.044] / [(N - 1) × tan(latitude - 10.5°) × tan(66.5° - latitude)] + 0.5 ≈ 2.1m.

[0095] Build a solar greenhouse according to the above parameters: The rear wall 1 includes a support framework 8, a polystyrene foam board 9, a heat-insulating quilt 10 and a light-reflecting curtain 11. The polystyrene foam board 9 is fixed on the support framework 8. The thickness of the polystyrene foam board 9 is 12 cm. The heat-insulating quilt 10 is fixed on the outer side of the polystyrene foam board 9. The light-reflecting curtain 11 is fixed on the inner side of the polystyrene foam board 9. The upper end of the light-reflecting curtain 11 is fixed at the top of the front roof 2, and a pressure strip is arranged at the lower end. The light-reflecting curtain 11 is made of silver-white aluminized polyester film, and the aluminized layer faces the cultivation bed during installation. The heat-insulating quilt 10 is a rainproof heat-insulating quilt with a thermal conductivity of 0.05 W / (m·K). The gable wall 13 is composed of a support framework 8 and two layers of polystyrene foam boards 9. The thicknesses of the two layers of polystyrene foam boards 9 are 12 cm respectively, and the two layers of polystyrene foam boards 9 are fixed on the support framework 8. Install the rear columns 5 and the front columns 4 according to the requirements of the column spacing. The support framework 8 of the rear wall 1 is arranged between the rear column 5 and the front column 4. The upper end of the support framework 8 is connected to the top of the front column 4, and the lower end of the support framework 8 is connected to the bottom of the rear column 5. The highest points of the rear column 5 and the front column 4 are the same as the highest point of the front roof 2, that is, the height of the above-ground part of the column is the same as the height H of the greenhouse. Set the cultivation bed in a ladder shape. First, dig the soil on the south side of the greenhouse, and use the dug soil to symmetrically raise the ground on the north side of the greenhouse. Then, set up a cultivation flat ridge 6 along the east-west direction; a cultivation shallow trench 7 is arranged on the cultivation flat ridge 6, and the cultivation flat ridge 6 and the cultivation shallow trench 7 meet the above parameter requirements; when digging the cultivation flat ridge I, reserve and set a heat storage slope 12 according to the parameter requirements; after the cultivation bed is set up, set up a mechanical operation passage along the inner side of the gable wall 13 at both ends of the greenhouse according to the above parameters; two hanging vine wires are arranged directly above each cultivation shallow trench 7, and the distance between the two hanging vine wires is the same as the width of the cultivation shallow trench 7. The vertical distance between the hanging vine wires and the cultivation flat ridge 6 is 1.8 m. The top operation platform 3 is arranged on the tops of the rear column 5 and the front column 4, used to place the heat-insulating quilt rolled up on the front roof and other operations. On the premise of meeting the requirement that there are no columns in the planting area, the firmness of the greenhouse is increased, and the risk of the front roof collapsing or the framework breaking due to the pressure of the heat-insulating quilt is reduced. Among them, the "latitude where it is located" refers to the geographical latitude where the greenhouse is located.

[0096] Comparative Example 1,

[0097] Build a ground-level solar greenhouse at a location with a latitude of 37° north, which has the same height, width, front roof, rear columns, front columns, and top operation platform as the greenhouse in Example 2. The greenhouse is 200 m long from east to west inside, with a width of 13.5 m and a height of 5.94 m. The distance s between the rear columns and the front columns is 1.6 m. The relationship between the greenhouse width L and the greenhouse height H meets the requirement of L = H / tan (latitude - 10.5°) + s; the angle A between the virtual connection line between the top of the front column and the bottom of the south end of the greenhouse front roof and the ground plane is 26.5°; the rear columns, front columns, and support skeletons are set the same as in Example 2; the rear wall, gable wall, and top operation platform are set the same as in Example 2; divide 6 cultivation flat ridges on the cultivation bed, set them in the east-west direction, and from south to north are cultivation flat ridge I, cultivation flat ridge II, cultivation flat ridge III, cultivation flat ridge IV, cultivation flat ridge V, and cultivation flat ridge VI. Set a cultivation shallow ditch on each cultivation flat ridge. The cultivation shallow ditch is 0.5 m wide and 0.1 m deep. The south end of the cultivation shallow ditch on cultivation flat ridge I is 0.5 m away from the bottom of the south end of the greenhouse front roof. The north side edge of the cultivation shallow ditch on cultivation flat ridge VI is in the same vertical plane as the front column. The distance between adjacent cultivation shallow ditches is 2.2 m. Set 2 hanging vine wires directly above each cultivation shallow ditch. The distance between the 2 hanging vine wires is the same as the width of the cultivation shallow ditch. The vertical distance between the hanging vine wires and the cultivation flat ridge surface is 1.8 m. Set a mechanical operation passage along the inner side of the gable wall at both ends of the greenhouse from east to west. The mechanical operation passage is 1.3 m wide. This solar greenhouse is adjacent to the solar greenhouse shown in Example 2 on the left and right.

[0098] Test Example 1,

[0099] In December 2023, conduct experiments on measuring the light environment on the soil surface of the cultivation bed and the plant canopy and measuring the lowest indoor air temperature in the solar greenhouses shown in Example 2 and Comparative Example 1. Plant tomatoes (transplanted on September 15, 2023) in 2 solar greenhouses. For each cultivation shallow ditch, double-row staggered planting (in a "pin" shape) is carried out, and planting is carried out along both sides of the shallow ditch, with 2000 - 2200 plants planted per 667 m 2 During the 10-day period around the winter solstice, control the height of the plant growth point by lowering the vines, and control the height of the growth point from the ground of the cultivation shallow ditch to be no higher than 1.2 m.

[0100] Light environment measurement: Determine 1 test plant for each cultivation shallow ditch from south to north in the middle of the 2 greenhouses. This plant is in the row on the south side of the cultivation shallow ditch. For each plant, determine 2 test points, namely: a at the junction of the plant and the ground, b at the growth point of the plant. The light intensity is measured using an ST-80C type portable illuminometer (accuracy: ±3%); measure the light intensity at each monitoring point at noon on the winter solstice (12:00). The monitoring results are shown in Table 1.

[0101] Measurement of the lowest temperature: The lowest indoor temperature was detected from December 1st to 31st; it was automatically measured and recorded using an RC-5+ temperature recorder (resolution 0.1 degree); the temperature recorder was suspended under the framework at the middle part along the east-west direction of each greenhouse and 0.5 m below the front bottom corner of the greenhouse, and the temperature recorder was 0.5 m away from the framework. And 1 temperature recorder was suspended at the same height outdoors to monitor the outdoor temperature. At the same time, 1 temperature recorder was suspended at the same position in a dug-earth wall solar greenhouse with the same height and internal span as in Example 2 to monitor the lowest indoor temperature.

[0102] Table 1 Measurement Results of Light Environment

[0103]

[0104] As can be seen from Table 1, for the greenhouse in Example 2, the light intensity monitoring results at the junction a between the plant and the ground are consistent, with an average value of 318.6 μmol / (m 2 ·s); the light intensity monitoring results at the growth point b of the plant are consistent, with an average value of 320.4 μmol / (m 2 ·s). There is no difference in the light intensity monitoring results at the junction between the plant and the ground and at the growth point of the plant. The light intensity distribution in the greenhouse of Example 2 is uniform, and the entire plant of the crop can uniformly intercept solar light. Especially, the heat storage area of the soil in the cultivation bed is large, the solar light intercepted by the soil surface is sufficient, and the soil can fully store heat. At the same time, the heat storage slope can also intercept sufficient solar light for heat storage in the low-temperature season, which can maintain the stability of the ground temperature in the front part of the greenhouse, and the ground temperature from the front part to the middle part of the greenhouse is basically the same.

[0105] For the greenhouse in Comparative Example 1, the light intensity monitoring results at the junction a between the plant and the ground are consistent, with an average value of 176.3 μmol / (m 2 ·s); the light intensity monitoring results at the growth point b of the plant are consistent, with an average value of 312.7 μmol / (m 2 ·s). There is a significant difference in the light intensity monitoring results at the junction between the plant and the ground and at the growth point of the plant, indicating that there is a problem of canopy interception in the greenhouse of Comparative Example 1, and the light intensity distribution is uneven. Especially, the heat storage area of the soil in the cultivation bed is small, and the solar light intercepted by the soil surface is insufficient, seriously affecting soil heat storage.

[0106] The average light intensity at each monitoring point in the greenhouse of Example 2 is 319.5 μmol / (m 2 ·s), and the coefficient of variation is 0.5%, and the light intensity distribution is uniform; the average light intensity at each monitoring point in the greenhouse of Comparative Example 1 is 244.5 μmol / (m 2·s), with a coefficient of variation of 29.2%, and the light intensity distribution is uneven. The indoor light intensity in Example 2 increased by 23.5 percentage points. The coefficient of variation of light intensity in Example 2 is much smaller than that in Comparative Example 1, indicating that the present invention effectively improves the problem of light occlusion between the canopies in the solar greenhouse, and the light distribution and light intensity within and between rows tend to be uniform.

[0107] In the greenhouse of Example 2, the average value of a light intensity at the junction of the plant and the ground is 318.6 μmol / (m 2 ·s). In the greenhouse of Comparative Example 1, the average value of a light intensity at the junction of the plant and the ground is 176.3 μmol / (m 2 ·s). The light received on the soil surface of the cultivation bed in Example 2 increased by 44.7 percentage points.

[0108] In the greenhouse of Example 2, the average value of b light intensity at the plant growth point is 320.4 μmol / (m 2 ·s). In the greenhouse of Comparative Example 1, the average value of b light intensity at the plant growth point is 312.7 μmol / (m 2 ·s), and there is no difference between the two.

[0109] From December 14th to 18th, a cold wave occurred in a certain city. The lowest outdoor temperature on the 18th reached -15.5°C. The lowest temperature in the morning of the greenhouse of the present invention is 13.3°C, that of the traditional non-thick soil wall greenhouse is 10.2°C, and that of the dug-in soil wall solar greenhouse is 13.2°C. The greenhouse of the present invention is 3.1°C higher than the traditional non-thick soil wall greenhouse and is equivalent to the dug-in soil wall solar greenhouse; from December 21st to 23rd, a continuous low-temperature weather occurred in a certain city. The lowest outdoor temperature on the 21st reached -14.8°C. The lowest temperature in the morning of the greenhouse of the present invention is 13.5°C, that of the traditional non-thick soil wall greenhouse is 10.6°C, and that of the dug-in soil wall solar greenhouse is 13.4°C. The greenhouse of the present invention is 2.9°C higher than the traditional non-thick soil wall greenhouse and is equivalent to the dug-in soil wall solar greenhouse. From the above two occurrences of cold wave weather, it can be seen that the greenhouse of the present invention can completely rely on soil heat storage to meet the requirement of maintaining a suitable temperature in the greenhouse. Without any auxiliary heat storage facilities, its heat storage and heat preservation performance is equivalent to that of the existing dug-in soil wall solar greenhouse.

[0110] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be covered by the scope of the claims and the description of the present invention.

Claims

1. A light and temperature efficient machine - suitable solar greenhouse based on soil heat storage, comprising a rear wall (1), gable walls (13), a front roof (2) and a cultivation bed, characterized in that: A heat - storage slope (12) is provided between the front end of the front roof (2) and the cultivation bed. The cultivation bed is provided with a number of cultivation flat ridges (6) arranged in a ladder - like manner side by side from front to back with increasing heights. Cultivation shallow grooves (7) are arranged on the cultivation flat ridges (6); The depth h1 dug under the cultivation flat ridge (6) close to the heat - storage slope (12), and the height difference h2 between two adjacent cultivation flat ridges (6) have the following relationships with the greenhouse height H respectively: h1 = 0.044×H / tan(latitude - 10.5°) - 0.022; h2 = [0.088×H / tan(latitude - 10.5°) - 0.044] / (N - 1); The number N of the cultivation flat ridges (6) has the following relationship with the greenhouse height H: H = [1.1×N×tan(latitude - 10.5°) - 1.1×tan(latitude - 10.5°)+0.044 + 0.5×N×tan(latitude - 10.5°)×tan(66.5° - latitude)-0.022×tan(latitude - 10.5°)] / [tan(66.5° - latitude)+0.044].

2. The light-temperature highly efficient machine-adaptable sunlight greenhouse based on soil heat storage according to claim 1, wherein: The rear wall (1) includes a support skeleton (8) arranged obliquely. Rear columns (5) and front columns (4) are respectively arranged on both sides of the support skeleton (8). The top of the support skeleton (8) is connected to the top of the front column (4), and the bottom of the support skeleton (8) is connected to the bottom of the rear column (5).

3. The solar greenhouse with high-efficiency light and temperature suitable for machine operation based on soil heat storage according to claim 2, characterized in that: A heat - preservation quilt (10) is arranged on the back of the support skeleton (8), and a polystyrene foam board (9) and a reflective curtain (11) are successively arranged on the front of the support skeleton (8); The gable wall (13) includes a support skeleton (8), and polystyrene foam boards (9) are respectively arranged on both sides of the support skeleton (8).

4. A light and temperature efficient machine-friendly solar greenhouse based on soil heat storage according to claim 2, characterized in that: The included angle A between the virtual connection line between the top of the front column (4) and the bottom - side edge of the front end of the front roof (2) and the ground plane is latitude - 10.5°.

5. A light and temperature efficient machine-adaptable solar greenhouse based on soil heat storage according to claim 2, characterized in that: The spacing s between the rear column (5) and the front column (4) has the following relationship with the greenhouse height H: s≤H / tan(100.5° - latitude); The greenhouse width L has the following relationship with the greenhouse height H: L = H / tan(latitude - 10.5°)+s.

6. A light and temperature efficient machine-adaptable solar greenhouse based on soil heat storage according to claim 2, characterized in that: The top edge of one side of the cultivation shallow groove (7) close to the front column (4) is in the same plane as the front column (4).

7. A light and temperature efficient machine-friendly solar greenhouse based on soil heat storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the heat - storage slope (12) is connected to the front end of the front roof (2). The edge of the cultivation shallow groove (7) close to the heat - storage slope (12) is connected to the bottom of the heat - storage slope (12). The width L1 of the heat - storage slope (12) has the following relationship with the greenhouse height H: L1 = [0.044×H / tan(latitude - 10.5°) - 0.022] / sin(66.5° - latitude).

8. A light and temperature efficient machine-friendly solar greenhouse based on soil heat storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical distance s1 adjacent to the cultivation shallow trench (7) is: [1.1×N×tan (latitude - 10.5°) - 1.1×tan (latitude - 10.5°) - 0.088×H + 0.044] / [(N - 1)×tan (latitude - 10.5°)×tan(66.5° - latitude)] + 0.5.

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