Method for improving fruiting high-quality rate of dictyophora rubrovolvata

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for improving the fruiting high-quality rate of dictyophora rubrovolvata, which comprises the following steps: 1) sterilizing and insecticidal treatment is carried out on the inside and outside of an intelligent mushroom house, then subsoil and strains are laid after the intelligent mushroom house is closed for 24 hours, and then earthing is carried out; 2) after earthing, keeping the environment humidity to be 60-70%, the temperature to be 17-19 DEG C and the carbon dioxide concentration to be 4000-5000ppm, and culturing for 15-20 days; 3) keeping the environment humidity at 70-82%, the temperature at 19-21 DEG C and the carbon dioxide concentration at 3000-4100 ppm, and culturing for 15 days; 4) keeping the environment humidity to be 88-92%, the temperature to be 23-27 DEG C and the carbon dioxide concentration to be 1000-2000ppm, culturing for 10 days, spraying a nutrient solution, and continuously culturing for 45 days; (5) intensively picking the bamboo eggs with sharp tops and more than 80g per egg into a special container, and carrying out fruiting management; according to the method, the primordium forming number can be effectively controlled, so that the consistency of fruiting and production is effectively improved, the differentiation primordium can be promoted to quickly form bamboo eggs, the growth cycle is shortened, the high-quality rate of bamboo flowers is increased, and the yield of dictyophora rubrovolvata is effectively increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for improving the high-quality rate of red-stalked bamboo fungus fruiting. Background Art

[0002] D.rubrovolvata belongs to the Basidiomycetes, Gastromycetes, Phalloides, Phalloidaceae, and Dictyophora. It is one of the species of Dictyophora that can be cultivated on a large scale and has high edible and economic value. Dictyophora has a unique fragrance, beautiful shape, thick stipes, large eyes, thick and tender veins, and is known as the "Queen of Mushrooms" and "Flower of Fungi".

[0003] At present, the cultivation of red stem bamboo fungus is generally carried out under the forest and in simple sheds. Most of them are placed at 15-20 sticks / ㎡ and covered with ordinary soil. After 30-40 days, the mycelium penetrates the soil surface and forms the bamboo fungus primordium. Traditional cultivation has the following disadvantages:

[0004] ① The covering materials lack scientific formula and processing technology, which leads to a large difference between the microbial content and the mineral element content in the covering materials, or causes the nutrients to be poor or difficult to utilize, resulting in the ineffective formation of the bamboo fungus primordium after covering the soil or a long formation time, and the poor quality of bamboo flowers, which leads to a serious reduction in yield.

[0005] ② The covering soil material is loose and the microbial content is too high, resulting in excessive primordium formation, which further leads to the inability to effectively differentiate the primordium in the later stage, resulting in a waste of nutrients in the mushroom sticks.

[0006] ③ The covering materials are obtained nearby. The differences in soil structure in different regions lead to large differences in the time of primordium formation, making it difficult to uniformly manage and centrally harvest.

[0007] Patent CN201810680548.3 applied by the applicant in 2018, a novel temperature-controlled greenhouse year-round cultivation method of red-stemmed bamboo fungus, the disclosed method is as follows: (1) greenhouse temperature control adjustment: adjusting the greenhouse temperature to 16-25°C; (2) preparing mushroom sticks: obtaining mushroom sticks through the process of batching-bagging-sterilization-cooling-inoculation-cultivation; the batching is to mix 75-80 parts by weight of sawdust with a particle size of 1-8 mm, 15-25 parts by weight of wheat bran, 0.8-1.2 parts by weight of light calcium carbonate and 0.8-1.2 parts by weight of gypsum powder, add water to adjust the moisture content to 60-62%, Ph 6.5-7.5; the culture is to put the inoculated fungus bag into the culture rack, put it into the culture room for culture, adjust the temperature to 22℃-25℃, the air humidity to 55%-65%, the CO2 concentration to less than 1500PPM, culture under dim light, culture for 90 days, and pick out impurities 2-3 times during the culture process; (3) cultivation: first spread a layer of 2-3cm soil on the shelf, then remove the bags from the cultured fungus sticks and place them on the shelf, 10-12 fungus sticks per square, and then cover the fungus sticks with 4-5cm thick soil; (4) management: through the management of germination, bud inducing management, bamboo egg growth period management, mushroom production period management, and harvesting management. This method shortens the mycelium germination time, makes the mycelium density high, the mycelium is particularly thick, white and strong, and the mycelium grows neatly. The inventor summarizes the experience and further optimizes the steps of covering the soil and bamboo egg growth period management to improve the high-quality rate of mushroom production. Summary of the invention

[0008] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the invention proposes a method for improving the high-quality rate of red-stemmed bamboo fungus and its application.

[0009] This is achieved specifically through the following technical solutions:

[0010] A method for improving the high-quality rate of red-stemmed bamboo fungus, comprising the following steps:

[0011] 1) sterilizing and disinfesting the inside and outside of the smart mushroom house by spraying fungicides and insecticides. After the sterilization and disinfestation operations are completed, the smart mushroom house is closed for 24 hours and then the subsoil is laid on the bed frame. After the subsoil is laid, the red bamboo fungus species are evenly laid on the mushroom frame at a specification of 35 sticks / square meter, and then covered with soil covering materials, and the thickness of the soil covering is 6-8 cm;

[0012] 2) After the soil covering is completed, the environmental humidity is maintained at 60-70%, the temperature is 17-19°C, and the carbon dioxide concentration is 4000-5000ppm. After 15-20 days of cultivation, the primordium kink stage can be completed;

[0013] 3) After the primordium kink stage is completed, the environmental humidity is maintained at 70-82%, the temperature is 19-21°C, and the carbon dioxide concentration is 3000-4100ppm. Cultivate for another 15 days to complete the differentiation stage;

[0014] 4) After the differentiation stage is completed, the environmental humidity is maintained at 88-92%, the temperature is 23-27°C, and the carbon dioxide concentration is 1000-2000ppm. The culture is continued for another 10 days, and then the nutrient solution is sprayed at a dosage of 15L / square meter. After spraying, the culture is continued for 45 days to complete the rapid growth stage;

[0015] 5) After the mushroom buds complete the rapid growth period and form bamboo eggs, the bamboo eggs with pointed tops and weighing more than 80g each are collected and put into special containers for fruiting management.

[0016] The fungicide is prepared by diluting carbendazim to 1200 times and prochloraz to 1600 times respectively and then mixing them.

[0017] The insecticide is prepared by diluting high-efficiency cypermethrin to 800 times and propargite to 1100 times respectively and then mixing them.

[0018] The covering soil material is first mixed with humus soil and agricultural topsoil, and then 3 / pieces into several independent piles, and then at 50L / m 3 Spray nutrient solution, fungicide and insecticide on the soil pile in the proportion of , turn the pile evenly after each spraying, and cover with plastic film for fermentation at room temperature for 7 days.

[0019] The mixing is carried out according to a volume ratio of humus soil: agricultural topsoil = 3:2.

[0020] The nutrient solution is prepared by uniformly mixing 150 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 100 g of brown sugar, 40 g of yeast paste and 50 kg of water, sealing and fermenting for 24 hours at room temperature, and finally diluting 1500 times.

[0021] The potassium dihydrogen phosphate KH 2 PO 4 Content>98%.

[0022] Beneficial effects:

[0023] The method of the present invention has a simple process, and through operations such as uniformly constructing soil structure, adding mineral elements, and increasing mycelium activity, the covering material can stimulate the formation of primordium.

[0024] The method of the present invention can effectively control the number of primordia formed, thereby improving the consistency of mushroom fruiting and production; using nutrient solution during the differentiation period can promote the rapid formation of bamboo eggs from differentiated primordia, shorten the growth cycle, and improve the high-quality rate of bamboo flowers, thereby effectively increasing the yield of red-stemmed bamboo fungus. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The specific embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and any improvement or substitution based on the basic spirit of the present embodiment still falls within the scope of protection required by the claims of the present invention.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] A method for improving the high-quality rate of red-stemmed bamboo fungus, comprising the following steps:

[0028] The first step is material preparation

[0029] 1.1 Soil collection: Purchase humus soil, which is dark in color, loose, and has a water content of no less than 60%; the topsoil is the soil above 1 meter of the farming layer, and the soil that has been used to grow edible fungi in the past three years cannot be used;

[0030] 1.2 Preparation of nutrient solution: Weigh 150g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 100g brown sugar, 40g yeast extract, and 50kg water and stir evenly, then seal and ferment at room temperature for 24h, and finally dilute 1500 times;

[0031] 1.3 Make fungicide: dilute carbendazim to 1200 times, dilute prochloraz to 1600 times, and then mix the two evenly;

[0032] 1.4 Make insecticide: dilute high-efficiency cypermethrin to 800 times, dilute propargite to 1100 times, and then mix the two evenly;

[0033] 1.5 Make the covering soil material: Mix the humus soil and agricultural topsoil in a volume ratio of 3:2 and place them at 10m 3 / pieces into several independent piles, and then at 50L / m 3 Spray nutrient solution, fungicide and insecticide on the soil pile in the proportion of , turn the pile evenly after each spraying, cover it with a layer of plastic film, and ferment it at room temperature for 7 days;

[0034] Step 2 Mushroom House Treatment

[0035] The inside and outside of the smart mushroom house are sterilized and insecticidal by spraying fungicides and insecticides. After the sterilization and insecticidal operation is completed, the smart mushroom house is closed for 24 hours and then the subsoil is laid on the bed frame. After the subsoil is laid, the red bamboo fungus species of Jinchan No. 1 is selected and evenly laid on the mushroom frame at a specification of 35 sticks / square meter, and then covered with soil material, and the thickness of the soil is 6 cm;

[0036] The third step is to cultivate management

[0037] 2.1 After the soil covering is completed, maintain the ambient humidity at 60%, the temperature at 17°C, and the carbon dioxide concentration at 4000ppm. After 15 days of cultivation, the primordium kink stage can be completed;

[0038] 2.2 After the primordium kink stage is completed, maintain the ambient humidity at 70%, the temperature at 19°C, and the carbon dioxide concentration at 3000ppm, and cultivate for another 15 days to complete the differentiation stage;

[0039] 2.3 After the differentiation stage is completed, maintain the environmental humidity at 88%, the temperature at 23°C, and the carbon dioxide concentration at 1000ppm, and cultivate again for 10 days, then spray the nutrient solution at a dosage of 15L / square meter, and continue to cultivate for 45 days after spraying to complete the rapid growth stage;

[0040] 2.4 After the mushroom buds complete the rapid growth period and form bamboo eggs, the bamboo eggs with pointed tops and weighing more than 80g each are picked and put into special containers for mushroom management.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] A method for improving the high-quality rate of red-stemmed bamboo fungus, comprising the following steps:

[0043] The first step is material preparation

[0044] 1.1 Soil collection: Purchase humus soil, which is dark in color, loose, and has a water content of no less than 60%; the topsoil is the soil above 1 meter of the farming layer, and the soil that has been used to grow edible fungi in the past three years cannot be used;

[0045] 1.2 Preparation of nutrient solution: Weigh 150g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 100g brown sugar, 40g yeast extract, and 50kg water and stir evenly, then seal and ferment at room temperature for 24h, and finally dilute 1500 times;

[0046] 1.3 Make fungicide: dilute carbendazim to 1200 times, dilute prochloraz to 1600 times, and then mix the two evenly;

[0047] 1.4 Make insecticide: dilute high-efficiency cypermethrin to 800 times, dilute propargite to 1100 times, and then mix the two evenly;

[0048] 1.5 Make the covering soil material: Mix the humus soil and agricultural topsoil in a volume ratio of 3:2 and place them at 10m 3 / pieces into several independent piles, and then at 50L / m 3 Spray nutrient solution, fungicide and insecticide on the soil pile in the proportion of , turn the pile evenly after each spraying, cover it with a layer of plastic film, and ferment it at room temperature for 7 days;

[0049] Step 2 Mushroom House Treatment

[0050] The inside and outside of the smart mushroom house are sterilized and insecticidal by spraying fungicides and insecticides. After the sterilization and insecticidal operation is completed, the smart mushroom house is closed for 24 hours and then the subsoil is laid on the bed frame. After the subsoil is laid, the red bamboo fungus species of Jinchan No. 1 is selected and evenly laid on the mushroom frame at a specification of 35 sticks / square meter, and then covered with soil materials, and the thickness of the soil is 6-8 cm;

[0051] The third step is to cultivate management

[0052] 2.1 After the soil covering is completed, maintain the ambient humidity at 65%, the temperature at 18°C, and the carbon dioxide concentration at 4500ppm. After 18 days of cultivation, the primordium kink stage can be completed;

[0053] 2.2 After the primordium kink stage is completed, maintain the ambient humidity at 76%, the temperature at 20°C, and the carbon dioxide concentration at 3500ppm, and cultivate for another 15 days to complete the differentiation stage;

[0054] 2.3 After the differentiation stage is completed, maintain the environmental humidity at 90%, the temperature at 25°C, and the carbon dioxide concentration at 1500ppm, and cultivate again for 10 days, then spray the nutrient solution at a dosage of 15L / square meter, and continue to cultivate for 45 days after spraying to complete the rapid growth stage;

[0055] 2.4 After the mushroom buds complete the rapid growth period and form bamboo eggs, the bamboo eggs with pointed tops and weighing more than 80g each are picked and put into special containers for mushroom management.

[0056] Example 3

[0057] A method for improving the high-quality rate of red-stemmed bamboo fungus, comprising the following steps:

[0058] The first step is material preparation

[0059] 1.1 Soil collection: Purchase humus soil, which is dark in color, loose, and has a water content of no less than 60%; the topsoil is the soil above 1 meter of the farming layer, and the soil that has been used to grow edible fungi in the past three years cannot be used;

[0060] 1.2 Preparation of nutrient solution: Weigh 150g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 100g brown sugar, 40g yeast extract, and 50kg water and stir evenly, then seal and ferment at room temperature for 24h, and finally dilute 1500 times;

[0061] 1.3 Make fungicide: dilute carbendazim to 1200 times, dilute prochloraz to 1600 times, and then mix the two evenly;

[0062] 1.4 Make insecticide: dilute high-efficiency cypermethrin to 800 times, dilute propargite to 1100 times, and then mix the two evenly;

[0063] 1.5 Make the covering soil material: Mix the humus soil and agricultural topsoil in a volume ratio of 3:2 and place them at 10m 3 / pieces into several independent piles, and then at 50L / m 3 Spray nutrient solution, fungicide and insecticide on the soil pile in the proportion of , turn the pile evenly after each spraying, cover it with a layer of plastic film, and ferment it at room temperature for 7 days;

[0064] Step 2 Mushroom House Treatment

[0065] The inside and outside of the smart mushroom house are sterilized and insecticidal by spraying fungicides and insecticides. After the sterilization and insecticidal operation is completed, the smart mushroom house is closed for 24 hours and then the subsoil is laid on the bed frame. After the subsoil is laid, the red bamboo fungus species of Jinchan No. 1 is selected and evenly laid on the mushroom frame at a specification of 35 sticks / square meter, and then covered with soil materials, and the thickness of the soil is 6-8 cm;

[0066] The third step is to cultivate management

[0067] 2.1 After the soil covering is completed, maintain the ambient humidity at 70%, the temperature at 19°C, and the carbon dioxide concentration at 5000ppm. After 20 days of cultivation, the primordium kink stage can be completed;

[0068] 2.2 After the primordium kink stage is completed, maintain the ambient humidity at 82%, the temperature at 21°C, and the carbon dioxide concentration at 4100ppm, and cultivate for another 15 days to complete the differentiation stage;

[0069] 2.3 After the differentiation stage is completed, maintain the environmental humidity at 92%, the temperature at 27°C, and the carbon dioxide concentration at 2000ppm, and cultivate again for 10 days, then spray the nutrient solution at a dosage of 15L / square meter, and continue to cultivate for 45 days after spraying to complete the rapid growth stage;

[0070] 2.4 After the mushroom buds complete the rapid growth period and form bamboo eggs, the bamboo eggs with pointed tops and weighing more than 80g each are picked and put into special containers for mushroom management.

Claims

1. A method for improving the high-quality rate of red-tuberous bamboo fungus, characterized in that: The steps include: 1) sterilizing and disinfesting the inside and outside of the smart mushroom house by spraying fungicides and insecticides. After the sterilization and disinfestation operations are completed, the smart mushroom house is closed for 24 hours and then the subsoil is laid on the bed frame. After the subsoil is laid, the red bamboo fungus species are evenly laid on the mushroom frame at a specification of 35 sticks / square meter, and then covered with soil covering materials, and the thickness of the soil covering is 6-8 cm; 2) After the soil covering is completed, the environmental humidity is maintained at 60-70%, the temperature is 17-19°C, and the carbon dioxide concentration is 4000-5000ppm. After 15-20 days of cultivation, the primordium kink stage can be completed; 3) After the primordium kink stage is completed, the environmental humidity is maintained at 70-82%, the temperature is 19-21°C, and the carbon dioxide concentration is 3000-4100ppm. Cultivate for another 15 days to complete the differentiation stage; 4) After the differentiation stage is completed, the environmental humidity is maintained at 88-92%, the temperature is 23-27°C, and the carbon dioxide concentration is 1000-2000ppm. The culture is continued for another 10 days, and then the nutrient solution is sprayed at a dosage of 15L / square meter. After spraying, the culture is continued for 45 days to complete the rapid growth stage; 5) After the mushroom buds complete the rapid growth period and form bamboo eggs, the bamboo eggs with pointed tops and weighing more than 80g each are collected and put into special containers for fruiting management.

2. A method for improving the high-quality rate of red-tuberous bamboo fungus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The covering soil material is first mixed with humus soil and agricultural topsoil, and then 3 / pieces into several independent piles, and then at 50L / m 3 Spray nutrient solution, fungicide and insecticide on the soil pile in the proportion of , turn the pile evenly after each spraying, and cover with plastic film for fermentation at room temperature for 7 days.

3. A method for improving the high-quality rate of red-tuberous bamboo fungus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The insecticide is prepared by diluting high-efficiency cypermethrin to 800 times and propargite to 1100 times respectively and then mixing them.

4. A method for improving the high-quality rate of red-suspension bamboo fungus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The fungicide is prepared by diluting carbendazim to 1200 times and prochloraz to 1600 times respectively and then mixing them.

5. A method for improving the high-quality rate of red-tuberous bamboo fungus as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The mixing is carried out according to a volume ratio of humus soil: agricultural topsoil = 3:

2.

6. A method for improving the high-quality rate of red-tuberous bamboo fungus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The nutrient solution is prepared by uniformly mixing 150 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 100 g of brown sugar, 40 g of yeast paste and 50 kg of water, sealing and fermenting for 24 hours at room temperature, and finally diluting 1500 times.

7. A method for improving the high-quality rate of red-tuberous bamboo fungus as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The KH2PO4 content in the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is greater than 98%.