Extrusion apparatus and method for reducing head layering defects in aluminum extrusions

Abstract

The application discloses an extruding device for reducing head layering defects of aluminum extruded products, which comprises an aluminum extruding die and a structure for reducing head layering defects of aluminum extruded products. The application also discloses an extruding method for reducing head layering defects of aluminum extruded products. After the extrusion of one aluminum ingot is completed, the ingot containing cylinder retreats, and the residual cutting shears are cut by the residual cutting shears and then reset. While the aluminum ingot is loaded into the ingot containing cylinder by the mechanical arm, the flow guide base slides to one side by the hydraulic rod, and the flow guide base slides to the position of the positioning screw. The aluminum in the flow guide cavity is pushed out by the flow guide cavity top rod, the top rod is reset, the flow guide base is reset, the next aluminum ingot is loaded into the ingot containing cylinder, the ingot containing cylinder moves forward and presses against the flow guide plate, the extruding machine rod starts to extrude the next aluminum ingot, the aluminum of the next aluminum ingot starts to fill the flow guide plate, and then the aluminum in the flow guide structure at the front end of the die and a small part of the aluminum are welded, so that continuous production is realized, and one cycle is completed. The application greatly reduces the head layering defects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the manufacture of high-quality aluminum alloy sheets, specifically to an extrusion apparatus and method for reducing poor delamination at the head of aluminum extruded products. Background Technology

[0002] See Figure 1 This diagram is a schematic of traditional extrusion. It includes an extruder bar (1), an aluminum ingot (2) filled in a billet cylinder (3), an aluminum extrusion die (05) and its base (04) located behind the billet cylinder, a slide rail (06) of the die base, a hydraulic rod (07) of the die base, and a front crossbeam (12) at the outlet along the extrusion direction. During the extrusion process, after one bar is extruded, the billet cylinder retracts, the residual shears adhere to the die surface to cut off the residual material, the residual shears reset, and at this time, the die guide cavity (13) (as shown in the diagram)... Figure 2 a, Figure 2 b) The container is filled with aluminum. The next bar is loaded into the ingot container. The ingot container moves forward to block the mold. The extrusion rod is pushed forward to start extruding the next aluminum ingot.

[0003] During extrusion, the aluminum in the next rod is welded to the aluminum remaining in the guide cavity of the previous rod to achieve continuous extrusion production between rods. Because the aluminum flow rate is faster closer to the die center, the aluminum remaining in the guide cavity, enveloping the aluminum in the next rod, is gradually extruded, with the aluminum at the center of the guide cavity being carried out first. This continues until the product is extruded to a certain length, at which point all the aluminum remaining around the edges of the guide cavity is extruded. Due to the significant temperature difference between the aluminum remaining in the guide cavity and the aluminum in the next rod, the precipitation of strengthening phases within the aluminum alloys differs considerably during extrusion. This results in different aluminizing and polishing rates between the aluminum in the guide cavity and the next aluminum rod during anodizing and polishing of the extruded product. This leads to layered defects appearing on the cross-section of the extruded product, and the thickness of these layers gradually decreases with increasing product length until they disappear (e.g., ...). Figure 3 ).

[0004] In actual production, these products with layered defects are considered defective and need to be located and removed at the rough cutting end as scrap. Furthermore, this extrusion method results in a certain length of product with layered defects in each bar, reducing the yield and requiring time for removal, thus incurring labor costs. Patent CN101314170A describes an aluminum alloy bar mold, comprising a mold sleeve 2, a mold body 3, a mold pad 4, and a rear mold pad 5. The mold sleeve 2 is sequentially fitted onto the mold body 3, mold pad 4, and rear mold pad 5. The inner diameters of channels 8, 9, and 10 within the mold body 3, mold pad 4, and rear mold pad 5 increase sequentially. The inner diameter of channel 8 within the mold body 3 is larger than the diameter of channel 11 through which the aluminum alloy bar passes within the mold body 3. A boss 12 protrudes from the upper part of the mold body 3, and the upper surface of the boss 12 of the mold body 3 coincides with the upper surface of the mold sleeve 2. This invention provides an aluminum alloy bar die that eliminates the layering defects in the internal structure of the extruded bar, reduces the amount of residual material accumulated in the die's internal channels, and increases the yield to over 65-70%, essentially resolving the layering phenomenon in the bar. However, it requires significant technical modifications to the die, which are difficult and costly. A considerable amount of residual material remains, and the yield only increases from 60% to 65-70%, indicating a limited degree of improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide an extrusion device that reduces the poor layering at the head of aluminum extrusion products. During the extrusion process, aluminum in the guide plate is pushed out by the top rod and then extruded, which can greatly reduce the poor layering at the head of the product, thereby improving the yield of each aluminum ingot.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is to design an extrusion device for reducing delamination defects at the head of aluminum extruded products, including an aluminum extrusion die and a structure for reducing delamination defects at the head of aluminum extruded products.

[0007] A further technical solution is to reduce the poor layering at the head of aluminum extrusion products by including a separate guide cavity and a mold cavity in the aluminum extrusion die. The aluminum in the mold cavity only serves as a welding element, connecting the extruded material from the next aluminum rod with the material extruded from the previous aluminum rod, thus achieving continuous material output.

[0008] A further technical solution is that the flow guide cavity is located in the flow guide plate, and the cavity is located in the disc mold. The flow guide plate and the disc mold are arranged sequentially along the extrusion direction. The aluminum extrusion mold includes a flow guide plate, a disc mold, a flow guide plate base concentrically arranged outside the flow guide plate, and a mold base concentrically arranged outside the disc mold.

[0009] A further technical solution is that the extrusion device also includes an extrusion press rod and a billet cylinder arranged sequentially along the extrusion direction; the aluminum extrusion die is located between the billet cylinder and the front crossbeam of the extrusion press; the billet cylinder is filled with aluminum ingots; the guide plate base and the die base are slidably mounted on a slide rail, a hydraulic cylinder is provided on one side of the guide plate base, the hydraulic cylinder is provided with a hydraulic rod for pushing and pulling the guide plate base to slide, and a positioning screw for the guide plate base is provided at the end of the slide rail away from the hydraulic cylinder. The extrusion device also includes a guide cavity push rod for extruding the residual aluminum in the guide cavity of the guide plate.

[0010] The present invention also discloses a technical solution for reducing delamination defects at the head of aluminum extruded products, using the aforementioned extrusion device for reducing delamination defects at the head of aluminum extruded products, comprising the following steps performed sequentially:

[0011] After one aluminum ingot is extruded, the ingot container retracts, and the residual shears, pressed against the surface of the guide plate facing the ingot container, cut off the residual material before resetting. Simultaneously, as the robotic arm loads aluminum ingots into the ingot container, the guide plate base is pushed by a hydraulic rod and slides to one side along its guide rail, shearing the aluminum within the guide plate. The guide plate base slides to the position of the positioning screw, and the guide cavity push rod moves forward, ejecting the aluminum from the guide cavity. The push rod resets, the guide plate base resets, and the next aluminum ingot is loaded into the ingot container. The ingot container moves forward, pressing against the guide plate, and the extrusion press rod advances to begin extruding the next aluminum ingot. The aluminum from the next ingot begins to fill the guide plate, and then welds with the small portion of aluminum remaining in the guide structure at the front of the die, achieving continuous production and completing one cycle.

[0012] A blade is fixedly mounted on a hydraulic rod. The width of the blade is such that the side of the blade parallel to the extrusion direction is a very small distance from the side of the mold facing the guide plate. The cutting edge of the blade is located on the side of the blade perpendicular to the extrusion direction, and there are two cutting edges, located on the two sides of the blade perpendicular to the extrusion direction.

[0013] A shearing blade is fixedly connected to the side of the guide plate facing the slide rail of the mold. The width of the shearing blade is such that the side of the shearing blade perpendicular to the extrusion direction is a very small distance from the side of the guide plate. The blade of the shearing blade is set on the side of the shearing blade parallel to the extrusion direction, and there are two blades, which are respectively set on the two sides of the shearing blade parallel to the extrusion direction.

[0014] The shearing blade has two cutting edges that can remove the aluminum cake bonded to the interface between the guide cavity and the mold cavity twice when the guide plate slides and resets (more importantly, remove the aluminum cake bonded to the side of the guide cavity facing the mold, i.e. the side of the guide plate facing the mold), ensuring good removal effect and reducing the frequency of mold change.

[0015] Moreover, in this embodiment, the sliding motion of the guide plate itself, combined with the added blades and shearing blades, is used to remove the aluminum cakes adhering to the interface, without the need for an additional drive mechanism.

[0016] After repeatedly pushing and resetting the flow guide cavity perpendicular to the extrusion direction, more and more aluminum will adhere to the interface between the flow guide cavity and the mold cavity, forming a large disc. Current solutions include: appropriately increasing the mold change frequency; or removing the aluminum plate using the method described in this embodiment.

[0017] The shearing direction of the residual shear is opposite to the sliding direction of the guide plate. This allows the residual shearing action to be performed simultaneously with the sliding of the guide plate as it is pushed along its slide rail, thus improving efficiency and reducing working time.

[0018] The residual shear can also be set as a fixed blade to reduce the number of drive mechanisms and reduce energy consumption;

[0019] Alternatively, the residual shears can be mounted on the hydraulic rod. The width of the residual shears should be such that the side of the residual shears perpendicular to the extrusion direction and facing the ingot container extends a very small distance beyond the side of the guide plate facing the ingot container (the exact distance is determined by the rightmost solution: a fixing block is fixedly connected to the side of the hydraulic rod, and the residual shears are fixedly connected to the fixing block. The width of the fixing block is equal to the distance between the side of the hydraulic cylinder and the side of the guide plate facing the ingot container. This ensures that the residual shears still cut off the residual material while remaining flush against the surface of the guide plate). A recess is provided at the corresponding position on the ingot container to avoid the residual shears. In this way, the residual shears are mounted on the guide plate, and the residual material is cut off simultaneously when the guide plate is pushed.

[0020] The structure for reducing delamination defects at the head of aluminum extrusion products includes an integrally set aluminum extrusion die, an even number of scrapers matched with the aluminum extrusion die, an even number of accommodating sloping grooves on the end face of the ingot cylinder, and a guide plate slidably set in the accommodating sloping grooves. The accommodating sloping grooves are arranged in a circular array around the center of the ingot cylinder. The opening of the accommodating sloping grooves is provided with an inward flange. The end of the guide plate located in the accommodating sloping groove is fixedly provided with an outward flange that matches the aforementioned inward flange. The number of scrapers is the same as the number of accommodating sloping grooves. The end of the scraper is provided with a cutting edge, and the side of the scraper near the end is also provided with a cutting edge. A baffle is fixedly provided at the end opposite to the cutting edge of the scraper. A limiting plate matching the baffle is provided at the exposed end of the guide plate. A right-angled limiting block is fixedly provided on the die base to limit the backward distance of the ingot cylinder. A clamping cylinder is fixedly connected to a slider, the slider is slidably connected to a sliding rail, the sliding rail is fixedly connected to the side of the sliding rail of the die base, and a pushing cylinder is provided in conjunction with the slider.

[0021] The number of accommodating inclined slots is four, six, or eight;

[0022] After the ingot cylinder retracts until it abuts against the right-angled limit block, insert an even number of scrapers diagonally along the guide plate into the exposed end of the aluminum rod until the baffle at the end of the scraper abuts against the limit plate (it is only necessary to calculate and design the retraction distance and the angle of the inclined groove in advance to ensure that when the baffle at the end of the scraper abuts against the limit plate, the tip of the scraper blade is just about to reach the closest end face of the cavity to the guide cavity, and the angle of insertion of the scraper ensures that the scraper does not contact the guide plate). Then the scraper is reset and retracted. Use the clamping cylinder to clamp the exposed end of the aluminum rod and move it in the direction of retraction of the ingot cylinder to bring out the residual aluminum in the guide cavity and the end of the aluminum rod.

[0023] The advantages and beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: by modifying the traditional mold, mold base and its slide rail, most of the aluminum in the guide cavity can be sheared and removed, thereby reducing the defects of layering at the head of the extruded product, improving the product yield, and reducing the time spent on manually sawing the defective head.

[0024] When the product is extruded to 0.4m, all the aluminum in the die backflow structure has been carried out, and no layering defects are visible. Compared with the layering distribution at the head of the product extruded by traditional extrusion method, the yield is increased by 1-1.5m, which improves the product yield to a certain extent. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an aluminum extrusion apparatus in the prior art;

[0026] Figure 2 a is Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the intermediate mold;

[0027] Figure 2 b is Figure 2 The main view of a;

[0028] Figure 3 Is adopted Figure 1 A photograph of the cross-sectional layer distribution of products of different lengths extruded by the device.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an extrusion device for reducing poor layering at the head of aluminum extruded products according to the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 These are photographs of the cross-sectional layer distribution of the heads of products of different lengths extruded by this invention.

[0031] Figure 6 yes Figure 4 A three-dimensional view of the exploded schematic diagram of the central guide plate and the mold;

[0032] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 Front view of the center deflector;

[0033] Figure 8 yes Figure 6 Rear view of the center deflector;

[0034] Figure 9 This is the front view of the mold;

[0035] Figure 10 This is the rear view of the mold;

[0036] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 14 yes Figure 13 A schematic diagram of Zhong Sheng's ingot cylinder and aluminum extrusion die;

[0040] Figure 15 yes Figure 14 A schematic diagram showing the state of the ingot container retracting backward into the guide cavity and the end of the aluminum rod being inserted into the shovel.

[0041] Figure 16 yes Figure 15 An enlarged schematic diagram of part A in the middle;

[0042] Figure 17 yes Figure 15 A diagram showing the shovel blade after it has been reset and retracted.

[0043] Figure 18 yes Figure 17 A schematic diagram showing the aluminum rod end clamped by the hydraulic cylinder after the guide plate is retracted.

[0044] In the diagram: 04, die base; 05, aluminum extrusion die; 06, die base slide rail; 07, die base hydraulic rod; 1, extrusion press rod; 2, aluminum ingot; 3, ingot container; 4, guide plate; 5, guide plate base; 6, die; 7, slide rail; 8, die base; 9, positioning screw; 10, hydraulic rod; 11, guide cavity push rod; 12, extrusion press front crossbeam; 13, guide cavity; 14, blade; 15, shearing blade; 16, fixing block; 17, residual shears; 18, scraper; 19, receiving inclined groove; 20, guide plate; 21, baffle; 22, limiting plate; 23, right-angled limiting block; 24, clamping cylinder; 25, slider; 26, slide rail; 27, pushing cylinder; 28, aluminum rod end. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] Example 1: This invention is an extrusion device for reducing poor delamination at the head of aluminum extruded products, such as... Figure 4 As shown, by modifying the traditional mold, mold base and its slide rail, it includes: extrusion rod 1, aluminum ingot 2 filled in ingot cylinder 3; guide plate 4 set behind ingot cylinder and base 5 for placing guide plate, mold 6 behind guide plate and mold base 8, slide rail 7 and hydraulic rod 10 of the two bases, guide plate base positioning screw 9 set at one end of slide rail and guide cavity top rod 11, and extrusion machine front crossbeam 12.

[0047] Taking the extrusion of two ingots as an example, the working principle of the invented extrusion design is explained as follows: During the extrusion process, after one ingot is extruded, the ingot container 3 retracts, and the residual shears cut off the residual material by pressing it against the surface of the guide plate. The residual shears then reset. During the process of loading aluminum rods by the robotic arm, the guide plate base 5 slides to one side along its slide rail 7 under the action of the hydraulic rod 10, completing the shearing of the aluminum inside the guide plate. The guide plate base 5 slides to the position of the positioning screw 9, and the push rod 11 moves forward to push out the aluminum in the guide cavity. The push rod 11 resets, and the guide plate base 5 resets. The next ingot is then loaded into the ingot container 3, and the ingot container moves forward to press against the guide plate 11. The extrusion rod 1 advances to start extruding the next aluminum ingot. The aluminum from the next ingot begins to fill the guide plate, and then it is welded with the small portion of aluminum in the guide structure remaining at the front of the mold, achieving continuous production. At this point, one cycle is completed. After extrusion, the finished product is cooled, stretched, and then sheared into the required dimensions. The final shearing process targets the weld seam (i.e., the aluminum layer at the head, the aluminum remaining in the flow chamber, is ultimately removed). Therefore, this process design takes a holistic approach, increasing yield and improving overall product quality. It also retains a small amount of residual aluminum in the flow chamber for future use (for use in the final product before and after welding), minimizing the impact of the layered aluminum layer at the head on the final product quality. A hydraulic cylinder is also provided on one side of the mold base for easy replacement of the disc-shaped mold.

[0048] Anodizing verification was performed on the head of the extruded product based on the invented design. The layered distribution of the head is as follows: Figure 5 It can be seen that when the product is extruded to 0.4m, all the aluminum in the die's backflow structure has been carried out, and no layering defects are observed. This is different from the layering distribution at the head of products extruded by traditional extrusion methods (e.g., Figure 3 Compared to the previous method, the increased length of the finished product (1-1.5m) has improved the yield rate to some extent.

[0049] Compared with traditional extrusion methods, the invention's design scheme is to...Figure 1 The structure of the guide plate, its base, the mold, and the slide rail is modified. Most of the traditional mold's flow-guiding cavity structure is integrated into the guide plate, with only a small portion of the mold's flow-guiding structure remaining for welding between bars during extrusion, enabling continuous production. This is equivalent to cutting the traditional mold into a guide plate 4 and a new mold 6 (such as...). Figures 6 to 10 (As shown). Simultaneously, the traditional single mold base, single slide rail, and single hydraulic rod are replaced with a double base, double slide rail, and double hydraulic rod to shear and remove aluminum from the guide plate, thereby reducing defects in the product head layer and improving the product yield.

[0050] The main reason for cutting off the excess material is that there is a tailing problem during aluminum extrusion. In the cross-section of the die, the flow rate is fast in the middle and slow on both sides. When there is enough material, there is not much difference in the extruded finished product. When the aluminum rod is extruded to the last end, the aluminum deposited inside the ingot holder will turn over and enter the die. This results in more impurities and poor composition of the extruded finished product.

[0051] After the residual shearing, the guide cavity is pushed perpendicular to the extrusion direction, causing the aluminum fish-shaped cavity inside the guide cavity to separate. Then another hydraulic cylinder (i.e., push rod 11, which can be fixedly connected to the exposed end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder) pushes the aluminum out of the guide cavity. Not all aluminum is left in the guide cavity, because the pushing method will inevitably leave a small part of aluminum in the guide cavity. The remaining residual aluminum is just enough to be used as the weld seam of the finished product after the next aluminum bar is extruded and connected to the finished product after the previous aluminum bar is extruded.

[0052] Example 2: The difference from Example 1 is that, as shown in Example 2... Figure 11 As shown, a blade 14 is fixedly mounted on the hydraulic rod 10. The width of the blade 14 is such that the side of the blade perpendicular to the extrusion direction is a very small distance from the side of the mold 6 facing the guide plate 4. The blade edge is located on the side of the blade perpendicular to the extrusion direction, and there are two blade edges, which are respectively located on the two sides of the blade parallel to the extrusion direction.

[0053] A shearing blade 15 is fixedly connected to the side of the guide plate 4 on the slide rail of the mold 6. The width of the shearing blade 15 is such that the side of the shearing blade perpendicular to the extrusion direction is a very small distance from the side of the guide plate. The blade of the shearing blade 15 is set on the side of the shearing blade parallel to the extrusion direction, and there are two blades, which are respectively set on the two sides of the shearing blade parallel to the extrusion direction.

[0054] The instruction manual states: "When the blade on the lower side slides in the flow guide cavity (flow guide plate), it facilitates the shearing of aluminum inside the flow guide plate. When resetting, it can effectively shear the aluminum cake bonded to the interface between the flow guide cavity and the mold cavity (more importantly, it removes the aluminum cake bonded to the side of the flow guide plate on the mold cavity, i.e., the mold surface).

[0055] The shearing blade has two cutting edges that can remove the aluminum cake bonded to the interface between the guide cavity and the mold cavity twice when the guide plate slides and resets (more importantly, remove the aluminum cake bonded to the side of the guide cavity facing the mold, i.e. the side of the guide plate facing the mold), ensuring good removal effect and reducing the frequency of mold change.

[0056] Moreover, in this embodiment, the sliding motion of the guide plate itself, combined with the added blades and shearing blades, is used to remove the aluminum cakes adhering to the interface, without the need for an additional drive mechanism.

[0057] After repeatedly pushing and resetting the flow guide cavity perpendicular to the extrusion direction, more and more aluminum will adhere to the interface between the flow guide cavity and the mold cavity, forming a large disc. Current solutions include: appropriately increasing the mold change frequency; or removing the aluminum plate using the method described in this embodiment.

[0058] Example 3: The difference from Example 1 is that, as shown in Example 3... Figure 12 As shown, the shearing direction of the residual shear is opposite to the sliding direction of the guide plate. This allows the residual shearing action to be performed simultaneously with the guide plate being pushed and sliding along its slide rail, thus improving efficiency and reducing working time.

[0059] The residual shear can also be set as a fixed blade to reduce the number of drive mechanisms and reduce energy consumption;

[0060] Alternatively, the residual shears can be mounted on the hydraulic rod 10. The width of the residual shears should be such that the side of the residual shears perpendicular to the extrusion direction and facing the ingot container extends a very small distance beyond the side of the guide plate 4 facing the ingot container (the optimal solution for determining the exact distance is to fix a block 16 to the side of the hydraulic rod 10, and fix the residual shears 17 to the block. The width of the block should be equal to the distance between the side of the hydraulic rod and the side of the guide plate 4 facing the ingot container 3, thus ensuring that the residual shears remain flush against the surface of the guide plate to cut off the residual material). A recess should be provided at the corresponding position on the ingot container to avoid the residual shears. In this way, the residual shears are mounted on the guide plate, and the residual material is cut off simultaneously when the guide plate is pushed.

[0061] Example 4: The difference from Example 1 is that, as shown in Example 4... Figures 13 to 18 As shown (for ease of illustration), Figure 13 The inclined groove, pushing cylinder, and clamping cylinder are not shown. Figures 14 to 18Only one receiving chute is shown. The structure for reducing the delamination defects at the head of aluminum extruded products includes an integrally set aluminum extrusion die 05 (the aluminum extrusion die 05 is set in the extruder, the extruder structure includes the extruder rod 1, the aluminum ingot 2 filled in the ingot cylinder 3, the aluminum extrusion die 05 and its die base 04 located behind the ingot cylinder, the slide rail 06 of the die base and the hydraulic rod 07 of the die base, and the front crossbeam 12 at the outlet along the extrusion direction), an even number of scrapers 18 matched with the aluminum extrusion die, an even number of receiving chute 19 set on the end face of the ingot cylinder, and guide plates 20 slidably set in the receiving chute. The receiving chute 19 are arranged in a circular array around the center of the ingot cylinder 3. The opening of the receiving chute is provided with an inward flange. The end of the plate located in the accommodating chute is fixedly provided with an outer flange that matches the aforementioned inner flange; the number of scrapers is the same as the number of accommodating chute; the end of the scraper is provided with a blade, and the side of the scraper near the end is also provided with a blade; a baffle 21 is fixedly provided at the end opposite to the blade of the scraper 18, and a limiting plate 22 matching the baffle 21 is provided at the exposed end of the guide plate; a right-angled limiting block 23 is fixedly provided (for example, it can be set on the frame of the aluminum extrusion press) to limit the backward distance of the ingot cylinder 3; the clamping cylinder 24 is fixedly connected to a slider 25, the slider 25 is slidably connected to a sliding rail, the sliding rail 26 is fixedly connected to the side of the sliding rail 06 of the die base, and a pushing cylinder 27 is provided in conjunction with the slider;

[0062] The number of accommodating inclined slots is four, six, or eight;

[0063] After the ingot cylinder retracts until it abuts against the right-angled limit block, insert an even number of scrapers diagonally into the exposed aluminum rod end 28 along the guide plate until the baffle at the end of the scraper abuts against the limit plate (it is only necessary to calculate and design the retraction distance and the angle of the inclined groove in advance to ensure that when the baffle at the end of the scraper abuts against the limit plate, the tip of the scraper blade is just about to reach the closest end face of the cavity of the guide cavity and the angle of the scraper insertion ensures that the scraper does not contact the guide plate). Then the scraper is reset and retracted. Use the clamping cylinder to clamp the exposed aluminum rod end and move it in the direction of the ingot cylinder retraction to bring out the residual aluminum in the guide cavity and the aluminum rod end.

[0064] The instruction manual states: Because the guide plate is slidably positioned within the accommodating chute, the upper guide plate automatically slides down under its own weight as the billet cylinder retracts, while the lower guide plate can be manually pulled out. The non-separate design allows the billet cylinder to carry out residual aluminum from the guide cavity as it retracts, thus solving both the tail-shrinkage and head-layering problems. This is because the retraction of the billet cylinder carries out the residual aluminum and the pressure residue (or the end of the aluminum rod) simultaneously. A heating element can also be installed inside the scraper end. When the scraper is inserted until the baffle at the scraper end abuts against the limiting plate, the heating element is activated, weakening the connection between the trapezoidal aluminum end in the guide cavity and the mold cavity (due to heating, the end portion of the trapezoidal aluminum melts into liquid). This allows the clamping mechanism to break the aluminum in the guide cavity when it clamps the exposed end of the aluminum rod and retracts, preventing it from adhering to the mold cavity. The aluminum connection is such that the residual aluminum in the guide cavity and the end of the aluminum rod are carried out during the process, but a small amount of aluminum remains in the guide cavity (that is, the aluminum outside the trapezoidal body in the figure or the aluminum outside the area where the scraper is inserted). This can be used as a subsequent weld, that is, as a connection between two aluminum rods to facilitate continuous production. This method not only solves the problem of layering at the head, but also avoids the problem of aluminum sticking at the interface between the cavity and the guide cavity, forming aluminum cakes, which would increase the frequency of mold changes due to the separate setting. Moreover, this setting also simplifies the operation steps of the aluminum extrusion method, improves efficiency, and reduces working time (originally, after the billet cylinder retracted, the residual shears were activated, the guide plate slid and reset, and the ejector rod was activated to push the aluminum out of the guide cavity; now, it is only necessary to pull out the guide plate after the billet cylinder retracts, then insert the scraper, retract the scraper after heating, and then activate the clamping mechanism and the pushing mechanism).

[0065] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An extrusion apparatus for reducing head layering defects in an aluminum extrusion product, characterized by, The application relates to an aluminum extrusion die and a structure for reducing layering defects of an aluminum extrusion product head. The structure for reducing layering defects of the aluminum extrusion product head comprises a flow guide cavity and a cavity which are arranged in a split mode in the aluminum extrusion die. The flow guide cavity is arranged in a flow guide plate, the cavity is arranged in a disc-shaped die, and the flow guide plate and the disc-shaped die are sequentially arranged along an extrusion direction; the aluminum extrusion die comprises the flow guide plate, the disc-shaped die, a flow guide plate base arranged concentrically outside the flow guide plate and a die base arranged concentrically outside the disc-shaped die. The flow guide plate base and the die base are respectively arranged in sliding mode on a slide rail, one side of the flow guide plate base is provided with an oil cylinder, the oil cylinder is provided with a hydraulic rod used for pushing and pulling the flow guide plate base to slide, and one end of the slide rail of the flow guide plate base away from the hydraulic cylinder is provided with a positioning screw of the flow guide plate base; the extrusion device further comprises a flow guide cavity ejector rod used for extruding residual aluminum in the flow guide cavity of the flow guide plate.

2. The extrusion apparatus for reducing head-end layer defects of an aluminum extrusion product according to claim 1, characterized by, The extrusion device further comprises an extruder rod and a ingot containing cylinder which are sequentially arranged along the extrusion direction; the aluminum extrusion die is located between the ingot containing cylinder and a front cross beam of the extruder; and the ingot containing cylinder is filled with aluminum ingots.

3. Extrusion method for reducing the layering defects of the head of an aluminium extruded product, using an extrusion device for reducing the layering defects of the head of an aluminium extruded product according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that, The application comprises the following steps which are sequentially performed: After one aluminum ingot is extruded, the ingot containing cylinder retreats, the residual cutting scissors are reset after being tightly attached to the surface of the flow guide plate facing the ingot containing cylinder to cut the residual cutting scissors; the flow guide plate base is pushed and extruded by the hydraulic rod to slide along the slide rail to one side while the ingot containing cylinder is filled with aluminum ingots by the mechanical arm, the shearing of the aluminum in the flow guide plate is completed, the flow guide plate base slides to the position of the positioning screw, the flow guide cavity ejector rod moves forward to eject the aluminum in the flow guide cavity, the flow guide cavity ejector rod is reset, the flow guide plate base is reset, the next aluminum ingot is filled into the ingot containing cylinder, the ingot containing cylinder moves forward to abut against the flow guide plate, the extruder rod moves forward to start extruding the next aluminum ingot, the aluminum of the next aluminum ingot starts to fill the flow guide plate, and then the aluminum in a small part of the flow guide structure retained in the front end of the die is welded, so that continuous production is realized, and one cycle is completed.

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