Circumferential and axial adjustable efficient free cutting stepped end milling cutter

Abstract

The invention provides a circumferential and axial adjustable efficient free cutting stepped end milling cutter, which belongs to the technical field of end milling cutters, and comprises a main cutter head, a first-order cutter head, a second-order cutter head, an axial telescopic rod, a first-order cutter body, a second-order cutter body and a circumferential telescopic assembly, axial regulation and control of the first-order cutter head and the first-order cutter body are achieved through stretching and retracting of the axial telescopic rod so as to achieve machining of steps of different depths, and independent circumferential regulation and control of the first-order cutter body and the second-order cutter body are achieved through control over media in a first-order medium chamber and a second-order medium chamber in the circumferential telescopic assembly so as to adapt to workpieces of different sizes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of end mills, and specifically discloses a high-efficiency free-cutting step end mill that is adjustable in circumferential and axial directions. Background Art

[0002] Milling, as a commonly used cutting process in mechanical manufacturing, occupies an important position in mechanical processing. Almost all metal cutting products have milling processes. Milling is widely used in the rough and fine processing of mechanical parts in the automotive, aviation and mold manufacturing industries. In particular, large-residue milling occupies a key position in the manufacturing of large equipment such as aircraft carrier engines and gearboxes, nuclear power plant equipment, and hydropower equipment.

[0003] The maturity of milling cutter manufacturing technology plays a decisive role in the development of milling technology. In the process of large plane milling, there are problems such as poor surface quality of workpieces and large machining allowances. First, the milling efficiency of ordinary end mills is low and these milling tasks cannot be completed efficiently; secondly, the tips of all teeth of ordinary end mills and traditional step end mills are involved in cutting during operation, which is a typical non-free cutting. This will not only have an adverse effect on the teeth, especially the tips, and reduce the service life of the tool, but also reduce the quality of the machined surface due to the wear of the teeth. Although the existing high-efficiency free-cutting step end mills (such as the Chinese patent with the publication number CN114042978A and the patent name of the high-efficiency step end mill) can overcome the above problems well, once the production is completed, it is impossible to change the circumferential and axial related dimensions, and it is difficult to meet the changing processing needs. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a circumferentially and axially adjustable high-efficiency free-cutting step end mill, which solves the technical problem that the existing high-efficiency free-cutting step end mill cannot be changed in circumferential and axial related dimensions once it is produced.

[0005] The circumferentially and axially adjustable high-efficiency free-cutting stepped end mill provided by the present invention comprises a main cutter disc, a first-order cutter disc, a second-order cutter disc, an axial telescopic rod, a first-order cutter body, a second-order cutter body and a circumferential telescopic assembly; the main cutter disc comprises an end cover and an annular side plate fixed below the end cover, and a plurality of axial grooves are arranged at equal angles at the lower end of the annular side plate; the first-order cutter disc and the second-order cutter disc are arranged at intervals to enclose a circular cutter disc or an annular cutter disc, the first-order cutter disc corresponds to the axial groove, the second-order cutter disc is fixedly connected to the lower end of the annular side plate, and the first-order cutter disc and the second-order cutter disc are axially slidably connected; the axial telescopic rod is arranged corresponding to the first-order cutter disc, the axial telescopic rod comprises a fixed rod and a telescopic rod in a slidable connection, the fixed rod passes through the end cover and is fixedly connected to the end cover, and the telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the first-order cutter disc; The first-order cutter body is arranged correspondingly to the first-order cutter disc, and the first-order cutter body includes a first-order cutter holder and a first-order blade. The first-order cutter holder is radially slidably connected to the first-order cutter disc, and the first-order blade is installed at the end of the first-order cutter holder located outside the first-order cutter disc; the second-order cutter body is arranged correspondingly to the second-order cutter disc, and the second-order cutter body includes a second-order cutter holder and a second-order blade. The second-order cutter holder is radially slidably connected to the second-order cutter disc, and the second-order blade is installed at the end of the second-order cutter holder located outside the second-order cutter disc; the main deflection angle and the blade tip position of the first-order blade and the second-order blade are different; the circumferential telescopic assembly includes a fixed part, a first-order telescopic part, a first-order connecting rod, a second-order telescopic part, a second-order connecting rod, a medium providing mechanism and a medium recovery mechanism; the fixed part is fixedly installed in the main cutter disc, and the fixed part includes a fixed cylinder and a fixed inner baffle fixed in the fixed cylinder , a through hole is arranged on the fixed inner baffle plate; the first-order telescopic part comprises a first-order telescopic cylinder, a first-order telescopic outer baffle plate fixed outside the first-order telescopic cylinder and a first-order telescopic inner baffle plate fixed inside the first-order telescopic cylinder, the first-order telescopic cylinder slides through the through hole of the fixed inner baffle plate, the first-order telescopic outer baffle plate is located in the fixed cylinder and in sliding contact with the fixed cylinder, the first-order telescopic outer baffle plate, the first-order telescopic cylinder, the fixed cylinder and the fixed inner baffle plate enclose a first-order medium chamber, and a through hole is arranged on the first-order telescopic inner baffle plate; a first-order medium inlet channel and a first-order medium outlet channel are arranged on the fixed part, the first-order medium inlet channel connects the first-order medium chamber with the medium providing mechanism, and the first-order medium outlet channel connects the first-order medium chamber with the medium recovery mechanism; the first-order connecting rod corresponds to the first-order knife body, and the two ends of the first-order connecting rod are divided into The second-order telescopic part includes a second-order telescopic cylinder and a second-order telescopic outer baffle fixed outside the second-order telescopic cylinder, the second-order telescopic cylinder slides through the through hole of the first-order telescopic inner baffle, the second-order telescopic outer baffle is located in the first-order telescopic cylinder and in sliding contact with the first-order telescopic cylinder, the second-order telescopic outer baffle, the second-order telescopic cylinder, the first-order telescopic cylinder, and the first-order telescopic inner baffle form a second-order medium chamber; the first-order telescopic part is provided with a second-order medium inlet channel and a second-order medium outlet channel, the second-order medium inlet channel connects the second-order medium chamber with the medium supply mechanism, and the second-order medium outlet channel connects the second-order medium chamber with the medium recovery mechanism; the second-order connecting rod corresponds to the second-order tool body, and the two ends of the second-order connecting rod are respectively connected to the second-order tool holder and the second-order telescopic cylinder for rotation.

[0006] In the above-mentioned high-efficiency free-cutting step end milling cutter, the fixed rod is a hollow structure, an upper end cover is provided at the upper end, and a lower end cover is provided at the lower end; the telescopic rod includes a first telescopic rod and a second telescopic rod; the first telescopic rod is installed in the fixed rod, and the first telescopic rod and the fixed rod are connected by an axial track and an axial groove that are slidably matched, and a partition is provided in the first telescopic rod, and the partition divides the first telescopic rod into a first space and a second space along the axial direction; the second telescopic rod is made of magnetic material, and includes a rod body and a limit plate fixed to the upper end of the rod body, and the rod body passes through the lower end cover of the fixed rod and is fixedly connected to the first-step cutter disc, and the limit plate is located between the first telescopic rod and the fixed rod The axial telescopic rod also includes a manual adjustment column, a circuit board, a support rod, an electromagnet and a spring; the manual adjustment column includes a smooth section and a threaded section, the smooth section passes through the upper end cover of the fixed rod and is rotatably connected to the upper end cover, and the threaded section is inserted into the first space of the first telescopic rod and is threadedly connected to the first space; the circuit board is installed in the second space of the first telescopic rod; the two ends of the support rod are respectively connected to the partition and the circuit board; the electromagnet is installed in the second space of the first telescopic rod and is connected to the circuit board; the spring is sleeved outside the rod body of the second telescopic rod, and the two ends are respectively connected to the limit plate of the second telescopic rod and the lower end cover of the fixed rod.

[0007] In the above-mentioned high-efficiency free-cutting step end milling cutter, the fixed rod includes a first fixed rod and a second fixed rod which are plugged into each other, the upper end cover is arranged at the upper end of the first fixed rod, and the lower end cover is arranged at the lower end of the second fixed rod; the axial track includes a first axial track and a second axial track, and the axial groove includes a first axial groove and a second axial groove; the first axial track is arranged on the inner wall of the first fixed rod; the second axial track is arranged on the inner wall of the second fixed rod, and the lower end of the second axial track is located above the second telescopic rod; the first axial track and the second axial track are staggered; the first axial groove and the second axial groove are both arranged on the outer wall of the first telescopic rod, and slideably cooperate with the first axial track and the second axial track respectively; the first axial groove passes through both ends of the first telescopic rod; the second axial groove passes through the upper end of the first telescopic rod, but does not pass through the lower end of the first telescopic rod.

[0008] In the above-mentioned high-efficiency free-cutting step end mill, the upper end cover of the fixed rod and the smooth section of the manual adjustment column are axially limited by the rotationally matched annular groove and annular boss.

[0009] In the above-mentioned high-efficiency free-cutting step end mill, the axial telescopic rod also includes an annular magnet; the annular magnet is fixed on the circuit board, and the magnetism of the annular magnet is opposite to the magnetism of the second telescopic rod; multiple electromagnets are evenly arranged around the support rod and are all located inside the annular magnet.

[0010] In the above-mentioned high-efficiency free-cutting step end mill, a shank connecting groove is provided on the end cover of the main cutter disc; the first-order cutter disc and the second-order cutter disc are arranged at intervals to enclose a ring-shaped cutter disc, the inner ends of multiple second-order cutter discs are connected by connecting rings, and the first-order cutter disc and the second-order cutter disc are slidingly connected by axial grooves and axial slide rails; the first-order tool holder and the first-order cutter disc, and the second-order tool holder and the second-order cutter disc are slidingly connected by radial grooves and radial slide rails; the first-order blade is connected to the first-order tool holder by screws, and the second-order blade is connected to the second-order tool holder by screws.

[0011] In the above-mentioned high-efficiency free-cutting step end mill, the circumferential telescopic assembly also includes a medium control valve and a medium pipeline; the first-order medium inlet channel, the first-order medium exhaust channel, the second-order medium inlet channel and the second-order medium exhaust channel are all connected to the medium control valve through the medium pipeline, and the medium control valve is connected to the medium supply mechanism and the medium recovery mechanism through the medium pipeline.

[0012] In the above-mentioned high-efficiency free-cutting step end mill, the medium used is gas.

[0013] The above-mentioned high-efficiency free-cutting step end mill also includes a sensor, a wireless transmitter and a controller; the sensor is installed on the second-stage cutter disc to measure the size of the workpiece; the wireless transmitter is installed in the main cutter disc to transmit the detection signal of the sensor to the controller; the controller is used to control the circuit board and the medium control valve according to the detection signal of the sensor.

[0014] In the above-mentioned high-efficiency free-cutting step end mill, the sensor is one of an infrared sensor, a laser sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, and an optical fiber sensor.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: Aiming at the problem that the efficient free-cutting step end mill cannot realize circumferential and axial regulation during the processing and is difficult to adapt to complex processing conditions, the present invention designs a first-order cutter disc, a second-order cutter disc, an axial telescopic rod, a first-order cutter body, a second-order cutter body and a circumferential telescopic assembly. The axial regulation of the first-order cutter disc and the first-order cutter body is realized by the extension and contraction of the axial telescopic rod to realize step processing of different depths. By controlling the medium in the first-order medium chamber and the second-order medium chamber in the circumferential telescopic assembly, the first-order cutter body and the second-order cutter body are independently circumferentially regulated to adapt to workpieces of different sizes. Since the axial motion and the circumferential motion are controlled in different ways, there will be no motion interference, and the free regulation of the axial and circumferential motions can be realized. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a high-efficiency free-cutting step end mill that is adjustable in the circumferential and axial directions; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A view in the other direction; Figure 3 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of Figure 4 It is the assembly diagram of the first-order cutter disc, the second-order cutter disc, the first-order cutter body, and the second-order cutter body; Figure 5 is an exploded view of the axial telescopic rod; Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the axial telescopic rod; Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the first fixing rod; Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of the second fixing rod; Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a circumferential telescopic assembly; Fig.10 The working process diagram of a high-efficiency free-cutting step end mill that is adjustable in the circumferential and axial directions.

[0018] In the figure: 1-main cutter disc; 1.1-tool handle connecting groove; 1.2-axial groove; 2-First-order cutter head; 2.1-Connector; 3-Second-stage knife disc; 4-axial telescopic rod; 4.1-first telescopic rod; 4.2-second telescopic rod; 4.3-partition; 4.4-manual adjustment column; 4.5-circuit board; 4.6-support rod; 4.7-electromagnet; 4.8-spring; 4.9-first fixing rod; 4.10-second fixing rod; 4.11-first axial track; 4.12-second axial track; 4.13-first axial groove; 4.14-second axial groove; 4.15-ring magnet; 5-sensor; 6-wireless transmitter; 7-connection ring; 8.1-First-order tool holder; 8.2-First-order blade; 9.1-second-order tool holder; 9.2-second-order blade; 10.1-fixed part; 10.2-first-order telescopic part; 10.3-first-order connecting rod; 10.4-second-order telescopic part; 10.5-second-order connecting rod; 10.6-medium control valve; 10.7-first-order medium chamber; 10.8-first-order medium inlet channel; 10.9-first-order medium outlet channel; 10.10-second-order medium chamber; 10.11-second-order medium inlet channel; 10.12-second-order medium outlet channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] The present embodiment provides a circumferentially and axially adjustable high-efficiency free-cutting step end mill, comprising a main cutter disc 1, a first-stage cutter disc 2, a second-stage cutter disc 3, an axial telescopic rod 4, a first-stage cutter body, a second-stage cutter body, a circumferential telescopic assembly, a sensor 5, a wireless transmitter 6 and a controller.

[0021] The main cutter head 1 comprises an end cover and an annular side plate fixed below the end cover. A tool handle connection groove 1.1 is arranged on the end cover, and a plurality of axial grooves 1.2 are arranged at equal angles at the lower end of the annular side plate.

[0022] The first-order cutter disc 2 and the second-order cutter disc 3 are arranged at intervals to enclose a circular cutter disc or an annular cutter disc, the first-order cutter disc 2 corresponds to the axial groove 1.2, the second-order cutter disc 3 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the annular side plate, and the first-order cutter disc 2 and the second-order cutter disc 3 are axially slidably connected. In order to facilitate the connection of the circumferential telescopic assembly with the first-order cutter disc 2 and the second-order cutter disc 3, the first-order cutter disc 2 and the second-order cutter disc 3 are enclosed to form an annular cutter disc, and the inner ends of multiple second-order cutter discs 3 are connected into one body through a connecting ring 7. The first-order cutter disc 2 and the second-order cutter disc 3 are connected through an axial slide groove and an axial slide rail, which can realize both axial sliding and radial limiting.

[0023] The axial telescopic rod 4 is arranged corresponding to the first-order cutter disc 2. The axial telescopic rod 4 includes a fixed rod and a telescopic rod that are slidably connected. The fixed rod passes through the end cover and is fixedly connected to the end cover. The telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the connecting head 2.1 on the first-order cutter disc 2. The first-order cutter disc 2 is axially moved along the axial groove 1.2 of the main cutter disc 1 through the extension and retraction of the telescopic rod.

[0024] In the above-mentioned axial telescopic rod 4, the fixed rod is a hollow structure, an upper end is provided with an upper end cover, and a lower end is provided with a lower end cover; the telescopic rod includes a first telescopic rod 4.1 and a second telescopic rod 4.2; the first telescopic rod 4.1 is installed in the fixed rod, and the first telescopic rod 4.1 is connected to the fixed rod through a sliding axial track and an axial groove, and a partition 4.3 is provided in the first telescopic rod 4.1, and the partition 4.3 divides the first telescopic rod 4.1 into a first space and a second space along the axial direction; the second telescopic rod 4.2 is made of magnetic material, including a rod body and a limit plate fixed to the upper end of the rod body, the rod body passes through the lower end cover of the fixed rod and is fixedly connected to the first-stage cutter disc 2, and the limit plate is located between the first telescopic rod 4.1 and the lower end cover of the fixed rod, and is used to limit the maximum downward travel of the second telescopic rod 4.2; the axial telescopic rod also includes a manual adjustment column 4.4 , circuit board 4.5, support rod 4.6, electromagnet 4.7 and spring 4.8; the manual adjustment column 4.4 includes a smooth section and a threaded section, the smooth section passes through the upper end cover of the fixed rod and is rotatably connected with the upper end cover, and the threaded section is inserted into the first space of the first telescopic rod 4.1 and is threadedly connected with the first space; the circuit board 4.5 is installed in the second space of the first telescopic rod 4.1; the two ends of the support rod 4.6 are respectively connected to the partition 4.3 and the circuit board 4.5; the electromagnet 4.7 is installed in the second space of the first telescopic rod 4.1, connected to the circuit board 4.5, and the magnetic size and direction of the electromagnet 4.7 are controlled by the circuit board 4.5; the spring 4.8 is sleeved on the rod body of the second telescopic rod 4.2, and the two ends are respectively connected to the limit plate of the second telescopic rod 4.2 and the lower end cover of the fixed rod to provide the supporting force required by the second telescopic rod 4.2.

[0025] In the above-mentioned axial telescopic rod 4, the fixed rod includes a first fixed rod 4.9 and a second fixed rod 4.10 plugged into each other, the upper end cover is arranged at the upper end of the first fixed rod 4.9, and the lower end cover is arranged at the lower end of the second fixed rod 4.10; the axial track includes a first axial track 4.11 and a second axial track 4.12, and the axial groove includes a first axial groove 4.13 and a second axial groove 4.14; the first axial track 4.11 is arranged on the inner wall of the first fixed rod 4.9; the second axial track 4.12 is arranged on the inner wall of the second fixed rod 4.10 , the lower end of the second axial track 4.12 is located above the second telescopic rod 4.2; the first axial track 4.11 and the second axial track 4.12 are staggered; the first axial groove 4.13 and the second axial groove 4.14 are both arranged on the outer wall of the first telescopic rod 4.1, and are respectively slidably matched with the first axial track 4.11 and the second axial track 4.12; the first axial groove 4.13 passes through both ends of the first telescopic rod 4.1; the second axial groove 4.14 passes through the upper end of the first telescopic rod 4.1, but not through the lower end of the first telescopic rod 4.1. In addition to limiting the circumferential rotation of the first telescopic rod 4.1 and the fixed rod, the cooperation of the second axial track 4.12 and the second axial groove 4.14 also limits the maximum upward travel of the first telescopic rod 4.1.

[0026] In the above-mentioned axial telescopic rod 4, the upper end cover of the fixed rod and the smooth section of the manual adjustment column 4.4 are axially limited by the annular groove and the annular boss that are rotatably matched.

[0027] The above-mentioned axial telescopic rod 4 also includes an annular magnet 4.15; the annular magnet 4.15 is fixed on the circuit board 4.5, and the magnetism of the annular magnet 4.15 is opposite to that of the second telescopic rod 4.2 to prevent the second telescopic rod 4.2 from contacting the circuit board 4.5; a plurality of electromagnets 4.7 are evenly arranged around the support rod 4.6, and are all located in the annular magnet 4.15. The electromagnets 4.7 use electricity to control the polarity and the magnitude of the magnetic force. If the second telescopic rod 4.2 has a radial deviation (such as a deviation to the left), the electromagnet 4.7 will generate an opposite force (such as a force to the right) for balance, so as to ensure that the second telescopic rod 4.2 will only produce axial movement.

[0028] The first-order blade body is arranged correspondingly to the first-order blade disc 2, and the first-order blade body includes a first-order blade holder 8.1 and a first-order blade 8.2. The first-order blade holder 8.1 is radially slidably connected to the first-order blade disc 2, and the end of the first-order blade holder 8.1 located outside the first-order blade disc 2 is installed with the first-order blade 8.2 by screws; the second-order blade body is arranged correspondingly to the second-order blade disc 3, and the second-order blade body includes a second-order blade holder 9.1 and a second-order blade 9.2. The second-order blade holder 9.1 is radially slidably connected to the second-order blade disc 3, and the second-order blade holder 9.1 is located outside the second-order blade disc 3. The end is installed with a second-order blade 9.2 by screws; the main deflection angles and the tip positions of the first-order blade 8.2 and the second-order blade 9.2 are different, so that the two-order blades have different geometric parameters and distribution positions, and free cutting is achieved. Both the two-order blades use a uniform blade. Since the wear positions of the two-order blades are different, the two-order blades can be interchanged for continued processing after being used for a period of time, which greatly improves the utilization rate and service life of the blades. When the blades are worn again and cannot be used normally, just remove the screws and replace them with new blades. In this embodiment, the first-order tool holder 8.1 and the first-order cutter disc 2, and the second-order tool holder 9.1 and the second-order cutter disc 3 are connected by radial slide grooves and radial slide rails, which can realize both radial sliding and axial limiting.

[0029] The circumferential telescopic assembly includes a fixed part 10.1, a first-order telescopic part 10.2, a first-order connecting rod 10.3, a second-order telescopic part 10.4, a second-order connecting rod 10.5, a medium control valve 10.6, a medium pipeline, a medium supply mechanism and a medium recovery mechanism; the fixed part 10.1 is fixedly installed in the main cutter head 1, and the fixed part 10.1 includes a fixed cylinder and a fixed inner baffle fixed in the fixed cylinder, and a through hole is provided on the fixed inner baffle; the first-order telescopic part 10.2 includes a first-order telescopic cylinder, a first-order telescopic outer baffle fixed outside the first-order telescopic cylinder, and a fixed The first-order telescopic inner baffle in the first-order telescopic cylinder slides through the through hole of the fixed inner baffle, the first-order telescopic outer baffle is located in the fixed cylinder and in sliding contact with the fixed cylinder, the first-order telescopic outer baffle, the first-order telescopic cylinder, the fixed cylinder, and the fixed inner baffle enclose a first-order medium chamber 10.7, and the first-order telescopic inner baffle is provided with a through hole; the fixed part 10.1 is provided with a first-order medium inlet channel 10.8 and a first-order medium outlet channel 10.9 connected to the first-order medium chamber 10.7; the first-order connecting rod 10.3 corresponds to the first-order blade body, and the first-order connecting rod 10. .3 are rotatably connected to the first-stage tool rest 8.1 and the first-stage telescopic cylinder respectively; the second-stage telescopic portion 10.4 includes a second-stage telescopic cylinder and a second-stage telescopic outer baffle fixed outside the second-stage telescopic cylinder, the second-stage telescopic cylinder slides through the through hole of the first-stage telescopic inner baffle, the second-stage telescopic outer baffle is located in the first-stage telescopic cylinder and in sliding contact with the first-stage telescopic cylinder, the second-stage telescopic outer baffle, the second-stage telescopic cylinder, the first-stage telescopic cylinder, and the first-stage telescopic inner baffle enclose a second-stage medium chamber 10.10; the first-stage telescopic portion 10.2 is provided with a second-stage The medium inlet channel 10.11 and the second-order medium outlet channel 10.12; the first-order medium inlet channel 10.8, the first-order medium outlet channel 10.9, the second-order medium inlet channel 10.11 and the second-order medium outlet channel 10.12 are all connected to the medium control valve 10.6 through the medium pipeline, and the medium control valve 10.6 is connected to the medium supply mechanism and the medium recovery mechanism through the medium pipeline; the second-order connecting rod 10.5 corresponds to the second-order tool body, and the two ends of the second-order connecting rod 10.5 are respectively rotatably connected to the second-order tool holder 9.1 and the second-order telescopic cylinder.

[0030] The circumferential telescopic component can be pneumatically controlled or hydraulically controlled. Compared with hydraulic control, pneumatic control has the characteristics of simple structure, easy maintenance, low cost, flexible adjustment, high reliability, good safety and strong adaptability. Therefore, in this embodiment, the medium used in the circumferential telescopic component is gas.

[0031] The sensor 5 is mounted on the second-stage cutter head 3 and is used to measure the size of the workpiece. The sensor 5 is one of an infrared sensor, a laser sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, and an optical fiber sensor.

[0032] The wireless transmitter 6 is used to transmit the detection signal of the sensor 5 to the controller. The wireless transmitter 6 is installed in the main cutter head 1 to avoid being damaged by the chips or cutting fluid generated during the processing and affecting the normal use.

[0033] The controller is used to control the circuit board 4.5 and the medium control valve 10.6 according to the detection signal of the sensor 5.

[0034] The working process of the above-mentioned circumferentially and axially adjustable high-efficiency free-cutting step end mill is described as follows.

[0035] S1, adjusts the magnetic magnitude and direction of the electromagnet 4.7.

[0036] S2, the second telescopic rod 4.2 is axially telescopic.

[0037] S3, the first-stage cutter disc 2 and the first-stage cutter body reach the expected axial position.

[0038] S4, sensor 5 identifies the size of the workpiece.

[0039] S5, the cutter body expands and contracts circumferentially: Open the valve port connecting the medium control valve 10.6 and the first-order medium inlet channel 10.8, close the other valve ports, fill the medium into the first-order medium chamber 10.7, the first-order telescopic part 10.2 moves upward, and the first-order connecting rod 10.3 pulls the first-order knife body to retract inward; open the valve port connecting the medium control valve 10.6 and the first-order medium outlet channel 10.9, close the other valve ports, extract the medium in the first-order medium chamber 10.7, the first-order telescopic part 10.2 moves downward, and the first-order connecting rod 10.3 pushes the first-order knife body to expand outward; open The valve port of the medium control valve 10.6 connected to the second-order medium inlet channel 10.11 is closed, and the other valve ports are closed, and the medium is filled into the second-order medium chamber 10.10, the second-order telescopic part 10.4 moves upward, and the second-order connecting rod 10.5 pulls the second-order knife body to retract inward; the valve port connecting the medium control valve 10.6 and the second-order medium discharge channel 10.12 is opened, and the other valve ports are closed, and the medium in the second-order medium chamber 10.10 is extracted, the second-order telescopic part 10.4 moves downward, and the second-order connecting rod 10.5 pushes the second-order knife body to expand outward.

[0040] S6, start milling.

[0041] S7, timely adjusting the axial position of the first-order cutter disc 2 and the first-order cutter body during the machining process. If the electromagnetic module (i.e., the circuit board 4.5 and the electromagnet 4.7) works normally, the axial position of the first-order cutter disc 2 and the first-order cutter body is adjusted by the electromagnetic module. If the electromagnetic module fails or the electromagnetic module cannot meet the axial adjustment accuracy of the first-order cutter disc 2 and the first-order cutter body, the axial position of the first-order cutter disc 2 and the first-order cutter body is adjusted by rotating the manual adjustment column 4.4. S8, continue processing.

[0042] S9, milling ends.

[0043] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency free-cutting step end milling cutter that is adjustable in circumferential and axial directions, characterized in that: It includes a main cutter disc, a first-stage cutter disc, a second-stage cutter disc, an axial telescopic rod, a first-stage cutter body, a second-stage cutter body and a circumferential telescopic assembly; The main cutter disc includes an end cover and an annular side plate fixed below the end cover, and a plurality of axial grooves are arranged at equal angles at the lower end of the annular side plate; The first-order cutter disc and the second-order cutter disc are arranged at intervals to enclose a circular cutter disc or an annular cutter disc, the first-order cutter disc corresponds to the axial groove, the second-order cutter disc is fixedly connected to the lower end of the annular side plate, and the first-order cutter disc and the second-order cutter disc are axially slidably connected; The axial telescopic rod is arranged corresponding to the first-order cutter disc, and the axial telescopic rod includes a fixed rod and a telescopic rod that are slidably connected, the fixed rod passes through the end cover and is fixedly connected to the end cover, and the telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the first-order cutter disc; The first-order cutter body is arranged correspondingly to the first-order cutter disc, the first-order cutter body comprises a first-order cutter holder and a first-order blade, the first-order cutter holder is radially slidably connected to the first-order cutter disc, and the first-order blade is installed at the end of the first-order cutter holder located outside the first-order cutter disc; The second-order cutter body is arranged correspondingly to the second-order cutter disc, the second-order cutter body comprises a second-order cutter holder and a second-order blade, the second-order cutter holder is radially slidably connected to the second-order cutter disc, and the second-order blade is installed at the end of the second-order cutter holder outside the second-order cutter disc; The main rake angle and the tip position of the first-order blade and the second-order blade are different; The circumferential telescopic assembly includes a fixed portion, a first-order telescopic portion, a first-order connecting rod, a second-order telescopic portion, a second-order connecting rod, a medium providing mechanism and a medium recovering mechanism; The fixing part is fixedly installed in the main cutter disc, and the fixing part includes a fixing cylinder and a fixing inner baffle fixed in the fixing cylinder, and a through hole is arranged on the fixing inner baffle; The first-order telescopic part includes a first-order telescopic cylinder, a first-order telescopic outer baffle fixed outside the first-order telescopic cylinder, and a first-order telescopic inner baffle fixed inside the first-order telescopic cylinder. The first-order telescopic cylinder slides through the through hole of the fixed inner baffle. The first-order telescopic outer baffle is located in the fixed cylinder and in sliding contact with the fixed cylinder. The first-order telescopic outer baffle, the first-order telescopic cylinder, the fixed cylinder, and the fixed inner baffle form a first-order medium chamber. The first-order telescopic inner baffle is provided with a through hole. The fixing part is provided with a first-order medium inlet channel and a first-order medium outlet channel, the first-order medium inlet channel is connected to the first-order medium chamber and the medium supply mechanism, and the first-order medium outlet channel is connected to the first-order medium chamber and the medium recovery mechanism; The first-order connecting rod corresponds to the first-order tool body, and the two ends of the first-order connecting rod are rotatably connected to the first-order tool holder and the first-order telescopic cylinder respectively; The second-order telescopic part includes a second-order telescopic cylinder and a second-order telescopic outer baffle fixed outside the second-order telescopic cylinder, the second-order telescopic cylinder slides through the through hole of the first-order telescopic inner baffle, the second-order telescopic outer baffle is located in the first-order telescopic cylinder and in sliding contact with the first-order telescopic cylinder, and the second-order telescopic outer baffle, the second-order telescopic cylinder, the first-order telescopic cylinder, and the first-order telescopic inner baffle enclose a second-order medium chamber; The first-order telescopic portion is provided with a second-order medium inlet channel and a second-order medium outlet channel, the second-order medium inlet channel connects the second-order medium chamber with the medium supply mechanism, and the second-order medium outlet channel connects the second-order medium chamber with the medium recovery mechanism; The second-order connecting rod corresponds to the second-order tool body, and two ends of the second-order connecting rod are rotationally connected to the second-order tool holder and the second-order telescopic cylinder respectively.

2. The circumferentially and axially adjustable high-efficiency free-cutting step end mill according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing rod is a hollow structure, with an upper end cover provided at the upper end and a lower end cover provided at the lower end; The telescopic rod comprises a first telescopic rod and a second telescopic rod; The first telescopic rod is installed in the fixed rod, the first telescopic rod is connected to the fixed rod through a slidingly matched axial track and an axial groove, and a partition is arranged in the first telescopic rod, which divides the first telescopic rod into a first space and a second space along the axial direction; The second telescopic rod is made of magnetic material, and includes a rod body and a limit plate fixed to the upper end of the rod body, the rod body passes through the lower end cover of the fixed rod and is fixedly connected to the first-stage cutter disc, and the limit plate is located between the first telescopic rod and the lower end cover of the fixed rod; The axial telescopic rod also includes a manual adjustment column, a circuit board, a support rod, an electromagnet and a spring; The manual adjustment column comprises a smooth section and a threaded section, the smooth section passes through the upper end cover of the fixed rod and is rotatably connected with the upper end cover, and the threaded section is inserted into the first space of the first telescopic rod and is threadedly connected with the first space; The circuit board is installed in the second space of the first telescopic rod; The two ends of the support rod are respectively connected to the partition plate and the circuit board; The electromagnet is installed in the second space of the first telescopic rod and connected to the circuit board; The spring is sleeved outside the rod body of the second telescopic rod, and two ends of the spring are respectively connected to the limit plate of the second telescopic rod and the lower end cover of the fixed rod.

3. The circumferentially and axially adjustable high-efficiency free-cutting step end mill according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fixing rod comprises a first fixing rod and a second fixing rod which are plugged into each other, the upper end cover is arranged at the upper end of the first fixing rod, and the lower end cover is arranged at the lower end of the second fixing rod; The axial track includes a first axial track and a second axial track, and the axial groove includes a first axial groove and a second axial groove; The first axial track is arranged on the inner wall of the first fixing rod; The second axial track is arranged on the inner wall of the second fixed rod, and the lower end of the second axial track is located above the second telescopic rod; The first axial track and the second axial track are arranged in a staggered manner; The first axial groove and the second axial groove are both arranged on the outer wall of the first telescopic rod, and are respectively slidably matched with the first axial track and the second axial track; The first axial groove passes through both ends of the first telescopic rod; The second axial groove passes through the upper end of the first telescopic rod, but does not pass through the lower end of the first telescopic rod.

4. The circumferentially and axially adjustable high-efficiency free-cutting step end mill according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper end cover of the fixing rod and the smooth section of the manual adjustment column are axially limited by the annular groove and the annular boss that are rotationally matched.

5. The circumferentially and axially adjustable high-efficiency free-cutting step end mill according to claim 2, characterized in that: The axial telescopic rod also includes an annular magnet; The annular magnet is fixed on the circuit board, and the magnetism of the annular magnet is opposite to the magnetism of the second telescopic rod; A plurality of electromagnets are evenly arranged around the support rod and are all located inside the annular magnet.

6. The circumferentially and axially adjustable high-efficiency free-cutting step end mill according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end cover of the main cutter disc is provided with a cutter handle connecting groove; The first-order cutter disc and the second-order cutter disc are arranged at intervals to enclose a ring-shaped cutter disc, the inner ends of the plurality of second-order cutter discs are connected by a connecting ring, and the first-order cutter disc and the second-order cutter disc are slidably connected by an axial sliding groove and an axial sliding rail; The first-stage tool rest and the first-stage cutter disc, and the second-stage tool rest and the second-stage cutter disc are all slidably connected via radial slide grooves and radial slide rails; The first-order blade is connected to the first-order tool holder through screws, and the second-order blade is connected to the second-order tool holder through screws.

7. The circumferentially and axially adjustable high-efficiency free-cutting step end mill according to claim 2, characterized in that: The circumferential telescopic assembly also includes a medium control valve and a medium pipeline; The first-order medium inlet channel, the first-order medium outlet channel, the second-order medium inlet channel and the second-order medium outlet channel are all connected to the medium control valve through the medium pipeline, and the medium control valve is connected to the medium supply mechanism and the medium recovery mechanism through the medium pipeline.

8. The circumferentially and axially adjustable high-efficiency free-cutting step end mill according to claim 7, characterized in that: The medium used is gas.

9. The circumferentially and axially adjustable high-efficiency free-cutting step end mill according to claim 7, characterized in that: Also included are sensors, wireless transmitters, and controllers; The sensor is mounted on the second-stage cutter head and is used to measure the size of the workpiece; The wireless transmitter is installed in the main cutter head and is used to transmit the detection signal of the sensor to the controller; The controller is used to control the circuit board and the medium control valve according to the detection signal of the sensor.

10. The circumferentially and axially adjustable high-efficiency free-cutting step end mill according to claim 9, characterized in that: The sensor is one of an infrared sensor, a laser sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, and an optical fiber sensor.

Images