PCB marking machine

Abstract

The invention discloses a PCB marking machine. The PCB marking machine comprises a horizontal workbench, a PCB and a three-axis marking moving structure. The workbench is provided with a PCB inlet and outlet, the three-axis structure comprises an X-axis moving assembly, a Y-axis moving assembly, a Z-axis moving assembly and a marking assembly, and the marking assembly is provided with a lifting mounting plate, a rotating motor and a laser marking head. Sliding rods, sliding sleeves and bottom plates are arranged between supports at the bottom of the workbench, adjusting assemblies at the bottoms of the sliding sleeves can control the distance between the bottom plates, and four right-angle boss-shaped coordinate positioning right-angle frames are arranged on the bottom plates. A mounting frame and a visual camera are arranged on one side of the top of the workbench. And the control display screen is connected with each electrical structure to realize centralized control and monitoring. A servo motor and a high-precision encoder are adopted in the X-axis assembly, the visual camera is high in resolution and provided with an annular light source, and the adjusting motor is a stepping motor. The device can mark at any coordinate point, is suitable for PCBs of different sizes, is simple and convenient to operate, can effectively improve the marking efficiency and precision, and is widely applied to the field of PCB manufacturing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of electronic manufacturing, and in particular to a PCB marking machine. Background Art

[0002] In the field of electronic manufacturing, PCB (Printed Circuit Board) is a key basic component of electronic products. Each process in its production and processing has a crucial impact on the quality and performance of the final product. The marking process is an indispensable part of the PCB production line. It is mainly used to mark product model, batch, production date, traceability code and other information on the PCB board to facilitate product quality control, production process management, and subsequent maintenance and after-sales service.

[0003] With the rapid development of the electronics industry, the types of PCB boards are becoming more and more diverse, and their size specifications, shape structures and design complexity are showing a diversified trend. At the same time, the market's requirements for PCB marking quality and efficiency are also constantly increasing, requiring not only clear, accurate and durable marking content, but also fast and efficient marking process to meet the needs of large-scale production.

[0004] Traditional PCB marking equipment has gradually exposed many limitations in the face of these changes and challenges. For example, many early marking machines use simple mechanical positioning methods, which usually require operators to manually place the PCB board accurately on a fixed positioning fixture. This method requires high skills and experience of operators, and the operation process is cumbersome and time-consuming. Once the size of the PCB board changes, it is necessary to replace the corresponding positioning fixture or make complex adjustments to the fixture, which not only increases the downtime of the equipment and reduces production efficiency, but also easily leads to inaccurate positioning due to human operating errors, which in turn affects the marking quality and causes an increase in product scrap rate.

[0005] In addition, some traditional marking machines are not flexible enough in controlling the marking angle, and can only achieve marking in the vertical direction or a limited number of specific angles, which makes it difficult to meet the needs of special angle marking in modern PCB design. For example, on some high-density multi-layer PCB boards or PCB boards with special circuit layouts, in order to avoid conflicts between the marking position and the circuit or components, it may be necessary to mark at a non-vertical angle, and the limitations of traditional equipment in this regard limit its application in such complex PCB board marking tasks.

[0006] Furthermore, the automation level of traditional marking machines is relatively low, and the coordination between various components is not intelligent and efficient enough. For example, when determining the coordinate position of the PCB board and adjusting the marking parameters, manual measurement, calculation and input are often required, which is not only prone to errors, but also difficult to achieve rapid batch production switching. At the same time, the equipment status monitoring during the marking process is not perfect enough, lacking real-time monitoring and automatic adjustment mechanisms for key parameters such as motor operating status, laser power stability, and temperature changes. Once equipment failure or abnormal conditions occur, a large number of PCB boards may fail to be marked, increasing production costs and production cycles.

[0007] In summary, the existing PCB marking technology is difficult to meet the needs of the modern electronic manufacturing industry for diversified, high-precision and high-efficiency marking of PCB boards. A new type of PCB marking machine is urgently needed to overcome the above problems and improve the overall level of the PCB marking process to adapt to the rapid development trend of the electronics industry. Summary of the invention

[0008] The invention discloses a PCB marking machine, which aims to solve the problems of inconvenient positioning of existing PCB marking equipment, poor compatibility with PCB boards of different sizes and complicated operation, and improve the efficiency, accuracy and versatility of the PCB marking process.

[0009] The PCB marking machine is mainly composed of a workbench, a PCB board, a three-axis marking mobile structure and other components. The workbench is placed horizontally, and the PCB inlet and outlet opened at the center of its top facilitate the placement and removal of the PCB board. The three-axis marking mobile structure includes an X-axis moving component installed at one end of the top of the workbench, which provides basic support and power for horizontal movement; the Y-axis moving component set on the top of the X-axis moving component cooperates with the X-axis moving component to achieve precise horizontal positioning in a two-dimensional plane; the Z-axis moving component installed vertically on one side of the Y-axis moving component is responsible for controlling the vertical lifting and lowering movement of the marking component.

[0010] Furthermore, the marking assembly is located on one side of the Z-axis moving assembly and consists of a lifting mounting plate, a rotating motor and a laser marking head. The lifting mounting plate is connected to the Z-axis moving assembly, and the rotating motor fixed on its lower side wall can accurately control the rotation angle of the laser marking head at the bottom output end, thereby meeting the marking requirements of the PCB board at different angles, whether it is conventional vertical marking or tilted marking at a specific angle, which greatly expands the application range of the marking machine.

[0011] Furthermore, four brackets are installed at the bottom of the workbench to stably support the entire device. The brackets on the adjacent side are laterally inserted with the same sliding rod, and the two sliding sleeves sleeved on the outer circumference of the sliding rod can slide freely on the sliding rod. The sliding sleeves on the adjacent side are laterally connected to the same base plate, and the two ends of the PCB board are placed on the top of the base plate. In order to achieve the positioning and adaptation of PCB boards of different sizes, an adjustment component is provided at the bottom of the sliding sleeve on the adjacent side, and the adjustment component consists of an upper rack, a lower rack, a gear, a rotating shaft and an adjustment motor. The tooth end faces of the upper rack and the lower rack are horizontally opposite and meshed with the same gear. The adjustment motor drives the gear to rotate through the rotating shaft, thereby driving the upper rack and the lower rack to slide horizontally in the same or opposite directions synchronously, so as to achieve precise adjustment of the spacing between the base plates to adapt to PCB boards of different widths.

[0012] Furthermore, a first coordinate positioning right angle bracket, a second coordinate positioning right angle bracket, a third coordinate positioning right angle bracket and a fourth coordinate positioning right angle bracket are provided on the top of the bottom plate for determining the positioning position of the PCB board. The four coordinate positioning right angle brackets are all in the shape of right-angle bosses, and their inner sides together form a rectangular opening space. When placing the PCB board, it only needs to place one corner of it against the inner right angle of any coordinate positioning right angle bracket to achieve preliminary positioning without precise alignment, which greatly simplifies the operation process and improves positioning efficiency.

[0013] Furthermore, a mounting frame is installed on one side of the top of the workbench, and a visual camera set on the top of the mounting frame is located at the center of the workbench. The visual camera plays a key role in the operation of the equipment. When it is started, it can quickly confirm which coordinate positioning right angle frame the PCB board is against, thereby determining the coordinate point position information of the PCB board. By analyzing and processing the collected images, the visual camera provides an accurate position reference for subsequent marking operations, ensuring that the laser marking head can accurately mark the specified position of the PCB board.

[0014] Furthermore, the present invention also relates to a set of innovative software control processes. When adjusting the spacing, the operator first inputs the width of the PCB board to be marked through the control display screen, and the control display screen automatically outputs the parameters required for adjusting the spacing according to the built-in algorithm, and drives the adjustment motor to rotate to complete the spacing adjustment. During the rotation of the adjustment motor, the software system records the angle of its rotation in real time. When the visual camera determines the adjusted relative coordinates, the real-time positions of the four coordinate positioning right-angle brackets can be accurately determined according to the rotation angle of the adjustment motor and the pre-set geometric relationship model between the coordinate positioning right-angle bracket and the adjustment component, thereby eliminating the need to manually input coordinate points. When the visual camera detects the position of the PCB board, the software system can quickly and accurately determine the relative coordinates, absolute coordinates and mechanical coordinates of the PCB board, providing comprehensive and accurate coordinate data support for the marking operation.

[0015] Beneficial Effects In summary, the PCB marking machine of the present invention realizes the function of marking at any four coordinate points by combining unique structural design with intelligent software control, effectively eliminating the limitation of the installation position of the PCB board, and can be widely adapted to PCB boards of different sizes, significantly reducing the difficulty of operation. Even operators who are not familiar with the operation process can easily control it, greatly improving the efficiency, accuracy and flexibility of the PCB marking production process, and having extremely high application value in the fields of PCB manufacturing and related electronic processing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only for the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a front view structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a side view structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the positioning structure of a PCB board located at a first coordinate positioning right angle frame according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the positioning structure of the PCB board of the embodiment of the present invention located at the fourth coordinate positioning right angle bracket; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning right-angle frame and the bottom plate structure of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 For the embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the enlarged local structure.

[0018] The markings in the figure are: 1. Workbench; 2. Control display screen; 3. Three-axis marking moving structure; 4. Lifting mounting plate; 5. Rotating motor; 6. Laser marking head; 7. Bracket; 8. Slide bar; 9. Slide sleeve; 10. Bottom plate; 11. First coordinate positioning right angle bracket; 12. Second coordinate positioning right angle bracket; 13. Third coordinate positioning right angle bracket; 14. Fourth coordinate positioning right angle bracket; 15. PCB board; 16. Mounting bracket; 17. Visual camera; 18. Adjusting motor; 19. Rotating shaft; 20. Gear; 21. Upper rack; 22. Lower rack; 101. PCB inlet and outlet; 301. X-axis moving assembly; 302. Y-axis moving assembly; 303. Z-axis moving assembly. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. At the same time, it is explained here that in order to make the embodiments more detailed, the following embodiments are the best and preferred embodiments, and those skilled in the art may also adopt other alternatives to implement some known technologies; and the accompanying drawings are only for more specific description of the embodiments, and are not intended to specifically limit the present invention.

[0020] It should be noted that the references to "one embodiment", "embodiment", "exemplary embodiments", "some embodiments" and the like in the specification indicate that the embodiments described may include specific features, structures or characteristics, but not every embodiment may include the specific features, structures or characteristics. In addition, when a specific feature, structure or characteristic is described in conjunction with an embodiment, it should be within the knowledge of a person skilled in the art to implement such feature, structure or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments (whether or not explicitly described).

[0021] In general, a term can be understood, at least in part, from its use in context. For example, depending, at least in part, on the context, the term "one or more" as used herein can be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic in the singular sense, or can be used to describe a combination of features, structures, or characteristics in the plural sense. Additionally, the term "based on" can be understood as not necessarily intended to convey an exclusive set of factors, but can instead, depending, at least in part, on the context, allow for the presence of other factors that are not necessarily explicitly described.

[0022] 1. Equipment assembly and initialization According to the design requirements, the horizontally placed workbench 1 is firmly supported by four brackets 7 to ensure that the workbench 1 is in a horizontal state and can withstand the weight and operating stress of the PCB board 15 and other components. The slide bar 8 is accurately installed between adjacent brackets 7, and the slide sleeve 9 is smoothly sleeved on the outer circumference of the slide bar 8, so that the adjacent slide sleeves 9 can slide freely without obvious shaking or jamming. The bottom plate 10 is firmly connected to the adjacent slide sleeves 9 in a transverse direction to ensure that the flatness and parallelism of the bottom plate 10 meet the requirements so that the PCB board 15 can be stably placed.

[0023] An X-axis moving assembly 301 is installed at one end of the top of the workbench 1. The X-axis moving assembly 301 is driven by a servo motor and the motor is equipped with a high-precision encoder. The encoder resolution is not less than 10,000 pulses / revolution to ensure that it moves smoothly and the position accuracy is controlled within ±0.05mm. For example, a high-precision linear guide and servo motor drive system can be used. The slider of the linear guide is closely matched with the mounting base of the X-axis moving assembly. The servo motor is connected to the ball screw through a coupling to convert the rotational motion of the motor into linear motion. A Y-axis moving assembly 302 is installed on the top of the X-axis moving assembly 301. It is also driven by a servo motor and equipped with a high-precision encoder. The Y-axis moving assembly 302 and the X-axis moving assembly 301 should be perpendicular to each other and work smoothly together. Its installation structure and transmission method are similar to the X-axis moving assembly to ensure accurate movement in a two-dimensional plane. A Z-axis moving assembly 303 is vertically installed on one side of the Y-axis moving assembly 302. The Z-axis moving assembly 303 is also driven by a servo motor and a high-precision encoder, so that the Z-axis moving assembly 303 can be accurately lifted and lowered in the vertical direction. The verticality and movement stability of the Z-axis must be ensured during installation. For example, a high-precision linear guide and a ball screw pair can be used, and the installation accuracy must be strictly debugged. A lifting installation plate 4 is installed on one side of the Z-axis moving assembly 303, a rotating motor 5 is installed on the lower side wall of the lifting installation plate 4, and a laser marking head 6 is firmly connected to the bottom output end of the rotating motor 5. The laser wavelength range of the laser marking head 6 is 355nm-1064nm, and it has an automatic power adjustment function. The power can be automatically adjusted within the range of 10W-100W according to the marking material and pattern requirements, and the power adjustment accuracy is ±1W, ensuring that the laser emission direction and focusing performance of the laser marking head 6 meet the marking process requirements. The optical path of the laser marking head must be accurately calibrated during installation.

[0024] The first coordinate positioning right angle frame 11, the second coordinate positioning right angle frame 12, the third coordinate positioning right angle frame 13 and the fourth coordinate positioning right angle frame 14 are respectively installed on the top of the two bottom plates 10 to ensure the size accuracy and relative position accuracy of the rectangular opening space formed by the inner sides of the four positioning right angle frames. For example, precision machining and assembly processes can be used to control the diagonal length error of the rectangular opening space within a very small range. A mounting frame 16 is installed on one side of the top of the workbench 1, and the visual camera 17 is accurately installed on the top of the mounting frame 16. The visual camera 17 uses an industrial-grade high-resolution camera with a resolution of not less than 20 million pixels and is equipped with a ring light source. The brightness of the light source can be adjusted within the range of 0-100%, so that it is located at the center position above the workbench 1, and the field of view can completely cover the PCB inlet and outlet 101 and the PCB board 15 placement area. The focal length and resolution of the visual camera 17 should be adjusted and optimized according to the size and marking accuracy requirements of the PCB board 15. After installation, the shooting angle and clarity of the visual camera need to be calibrated and debugged.

[0025] Install the adjustment assembly at the bottom of the adjacent sleeve 9, install the upper rack 21 and the lower rack 22 at the bottom of the corresponding sleeve 9, ensure that the tooth end faces are horizontally relative and mesh well, accurately install the gear 20 on the shaft 19, and make the gear 20 located in the gap between the opposite surfaces of the upper rack 21 and the lower rack 22 to achieve accurate meshing. The adjustment motor 18 is a stepper motor with a step angle accuracy of ±0.1° and a motor output torque of not less than 1N·m. The adjustment motor 18 is coaxially connected to the end of the shaft 19 to ensure that the adjustment motor 18 is firmly installed and the transmission connection with the gear 20 is reliable. The adjustment motor 18 should have sufficient torque and speed control accuracy to meet the requirements of different PCB board 15 size adjustment.

[0026] A control display screen 2 is installed on the top of the workbench 1. The control display screen 2 is a touch screen with an operation step prompt function. The screen size is not less than 7 inches and the touch response time does not exceed 50ms. The control display screen 2 is connected to the main controller of the equipment through an industrial Ethernet interface. The main controller adopts a programmable logic controller PLC. The control display screen 2 and the PLC follow the MODBUSTCP communication protocol to achieve two-way data transmission. The PLC is connected to the servo motor drivers of the X-axis moving component 301, the Y-axis moving component 302, and the Z-axis moving component 303 through a pulse output interface to control the movement of each axis motor; it is connected to the driver of the regulating motor 18 through a digital output interface to control the forward and reverse rotation and speed of the regulating motor 18; it is connected to the controller of the laser marking head 6 through a serial port to transmit marking parameters and control instructions; it is connected to the visual camera 17 through an Ethernet interface to receive the image data collected by the visual camera 17 and analyze and process it, so as to realize the centralized control and status monitoring of each electrical structure of the entire device by the control display screen 2. At the same time, the electrical control system of the entire equipment is initialized, including parameter settings of each motor driver, calibration of sensors, initialization of communication protocols, etc., so that all components of the equipment are in standby state and can respond normally to the instructions of the control system.

[0027] 2. PCB board placement and positioning The operator places the PCB board 15 to be marked on the top of the bottom plate 10 from the PCB inlet and outlet 101 on the top of the workbench 1. There is no need to deliberately align it precisely to a certain position, and the PCB board 15 only needs to be roughly placed on the bottom plate 10. Due to the existence of the four coordinate positioning right angle brackets, one corner of the PCB board 15 will inevitably abut against the inner right angle of one of the coordinate positioning right angle brackets to achieve preliminary positioning.

[0028] After the device is started or a positioning instruction is received, the visual camera 17 collects images of the PCB board 15. The visual camera 17 transmits the collected image data to the control system PLC, and the control system analyzes which coordinate positioning right-angle bracket the PCB board 15 abuts against through an image recognition algorithm. For example, an edge detection algorithm can be used to identify the edge contour of the PCB board 15 and the contour of the coordinate positioning right-angle bracket, and the coordinate positioning right-angle bracket abutting against is determined through shape matching and position relationship judgment.

[0029] 3. Coordinate determination and spacing adjustment (for PCB boards of different sizes) If the size of the PCB board 15 for this marking task is different from that for the last time, the operator inputs the width value of the PCB board 15 to be marked through the control display screen 2. After receiving the width information, the control system calculates the angle or number of steps that the regulating motor 18 needs to rotate according to the preset mathematical model and algorithm. The mathematical model converts the width of the PCB board 15 into the rotation amount of the regulating motor 18 based on the mechanical structure parameters of the equipment, such as the transmission ratio between the bottom plate 10 and the sliding sleeve 9, the racks 21, 22 and the gear 20.

[0030] The control system sends a control signal to the adjustment motor 18, and the adjustment motor 18 rotates according to the command. During the rotation process, the encoder of the adjustment motor 18 records the rotation angle information in real time and feeds it back to the control system. The control system accurately controls the rotation of the adjustment motor 18 based on the feedback information to ensure that the spacing of the bottom plate 10 is adjusted to a position that matches the width of the input PCB board 15. At the same time, the control system calculates the real-time position coordinates of the four coordinate positioning right-angle brackets based on the rotation angle information of the adjustment motor 18 and the relative position relationship between the coordinate positioning right-angle bracket and the adjustment component, and updates the coordinate data stored in the memory.

[0031] The visual camera 17 captures images again, and re-determines the relative coordinates, absolute coordinates, and mechanical coordinates of the PCB board 15 based on the updated coordinate positioning right angle bracket position information. The relative coordinates are the coordinates relative to the current coordinate positioning right angle bracket position, the absolute coordinates are the coordinates relative to the mechanical origin of the equipment, and the mechanical coordinates take into account the current actual position information of the X, Y, and Z axis moving components. For example, if the absolute coordinates of the coordinate positioning right angle bracket are known, the relative offset between the edge of the PCB board 15 and the edge of the coordinate positioning right angle bracket is detected by the visual camera 17, and combined with the current position data of the X, Y, and Z axis moving components (feedback by the encoders of each axis), the absolute coordinates and mechanical coordinates of the PCB board 15 can be accurately calculated.

[0032] 4. Marking operation execution The control system controls the coordinated movement of the X-axis moving assembly 301 and the Y-axis moving assembly 302 according to the determined coordinate information of the PCB board 15, and accurately moves the laser marking head 6 to the position to be marked on the PCB board 15. During the movement, the control system continuously adjusts the speed and movement direction of the motor according to the position feedback information of the X- and Y-axis moving assemblies and the grating scale or encoder feedback on the linear guide through a closed-loop control algorithm, ensuring that the laser marking head 6 can quickly and accurately reach the target position, and the positioning accuracy can be controlled at the micron level.

[0033] If the marking process requires a specific marking angle, the control system sends a command to the rotary motor 5, and the rotary motor 5 drives the laser marking head 6 to rotate to the specified angle. The rotary motor 5 can be a high-precision stepper motor or servo motor, and equipped with an angle encoder to achieve precise angle control, and the angle control accuracy can reach 0.1 degrees or even higher.

[0034] When the laser marking head 6 reaches the designated position and the angle is adjusted, the control system starts the laser marking head 6 to perform the marking operation. During the marking process, the control system can control the laser power, pulse frequency, scanning speed and other parameters of the laser marking head 6 according to the marking content and process requirements to achieve high-quality marking effects. For example, for fine line pattern marking, lower laser power and slower scanning speed can be used to ensure the clarity and accuracy of the lines; for large-area logo marking, the power and speed can be appropriately increased to improve the marking efficiency.

[0035] Example: First, during the equipment installation and commissioning phase, the technicians strictly follow the equipment assembly requirements. The workbench 1 is accurately installed in the specified position, and the stability of the four brackets 7 is carefully checked to ensure that the horizontal error of the workbench is within a very small range. When installing the slide bar 8 and the sleeve 9, use precision measuring tools to adjust their matching accuracy to ensure that the sleeve 9 slides smoothly on the slide bar 8 without excessive or too small gaps, so that the base plate 10 can move smoothly. The X-axis moving assembly 301, the Y-axis moving assembly 302, and the Z-axis moving assembly 303 all use high-precision ball screws and servo motor drive systems. During the installation process, the verticality and parallelism between the axes are strictly controlled to ensure that the laser marking head 6 can be accurately moved to any position of the PCB board 15 during the marking process. The laser marking head 6 selects wavelengths and power specifications suitable for PCB material marking, and adjusts its laser focus through professional debugging tools so that it can form clear and accurate marks on the PCB board. The installation positions of the four coordinate positioning right-angle brackets on the base plate 10 are precisely measured and calibrated to ensure that the size of the rectangular opening space formed by its inner side meets the design requirements and the relative position error does not exceed ±0.1mm. The visual camera 17 is installed at a suitable height and angle so that its field of view can completely cover the PCB inlet and outlet 101 and the entire PCB board placement area. After the focal length and resolution are adjusted, the image information of the PCB board edge and the positioning right-angle bracket can be clearly captured. After the adjustment motor 18 and its related gear 20, rack 21, 22 components are installed, multiple simulation tests are carried out to ensure that the adjustment motor 18 can accurately adjust the spacing of the base plate 10 according to different control instructions, and the adjustment accuracy reaches ±0.5mm. The control display screen 2 is stably connected to the equipment control system, and the operation interface is simple and intuitive, which is convenient for operators to input parameters and monitor equipment status.

[0036] In the daily production process, when a batch of new PCB boards need to be marked, the operator first checks the production work order to obtain the width information of the PCB board. Assuming that the width of the PCB board to be marked this time is 100mm, the operator enters "100" on the control display screen 2. After receiving the input, the control system calculates the angle that the adjustment motor 18 needs to rotate according to the built-in algorithm, and then sends a control signal to the adjustment motor 18. The adjustment motor 18 starts to rotate, driving the gear 20 to rotate, and then the upper rack 21 and the lower rack 22 move synchronously in the opposite direction, thereby adjusting the spacing between the two base plates 10. During the adjustment process, the encoder of the adjustment motor 18 records the rotation angle of 300 degrees in real time. The control system calculates the real-time position coordinates of the four coordinate positioning right-angle brackets and updates them based on this angle information and the pre-set geometric relationship between the coordinate positioning right-angle bracket and the adjustment component.

[0037] The operator places the PCB board 15 on the bottom plate 10 from the PCB inlet and outlet 101. At this time, one corner of the PCB board abuts against the inner right angle of the second coordinate positioning right angle frame 12. The visual camera 17 immediately captures the image and transmits the image data to the control system. The control system analyzes the PCB board against the second coordinate positioning right angle frame 12 through the image recognition algorithm, and combines the real-time position coordinates of the coordinate positioning right angle frame to quickly determine the relative coordinates of the PCB board 15 as (X1=20mm, Y1=30mm) (relative to the second coordinate positioning right angle frame 12). Through further calculation, considering the mechanical origin of the equipment and the current position information of the X-axis and Y-axis moving components (assuming that the current position of the X-axis is X0=50mm and the current position of the Y-axis is Y0=40mm), the absolute coordinates of the PCB board (15) are obtained as (X=X0+X1=70mm, Y=Y0+Y1=70mm), and the mechanical coordinates are (Xm=70mm, Ym=70mm, Zm=100mm) (assuming that the current position of the Z-axis is Zm=100mm).

[0038] According to the determined coordinate information, the control system controls the X-axis moving assembly 301 and the Y-axis moving assembly 302 to work together to move the laser marking head 6 to the position to be marked on the PCB board 15. Since this marking requires a specific mark to be marked at an angle of 45 degrees at the upper left corner of the PCB board, the control system sends a command to the rotating motor 5, and the rotating motor 5 drives the laser marking head 6 to rotate precisely 45 degrees. Then, the control system starts the laser marking head 6 and starts the marking operation according to the marking process requirements.

[0039] During the marking process, the control system continuously monitors the status of each component of the equipment.

[0040] After the marking is completed, the control system records the detailed data of this marking, including the PCB model "ABC123", the width is 100mm, the marking content is a specific logo pattern, the marking coordinate information (relative coordinates, absolute coordinates, mechanical coordinates), the marking time is 10:30:00-10:35:00 on December 16, 2024, and the working parameters of each component of the equipment (laser power, pulse frequency, scanning speed, motor rotation angle, etc.), and stores these data in the company's internal production management database. Finally, the control system moves the X, Y, and Z axis moving components back to the origin, turns off the power of the laser marking head 6, and waits for the next marking task.

[0041] By using the PCB marking machine of the present invention, the electronic manufacturing enterprise significantly improves the production efficiency in the PCB marking process, reduces the scrap rate caused by PCB board size changes and inaccurate positioning, and reduces the operating difficulty of the operators, thereby improving the overall production quality and management level. The present invention covers any substitution, modification, equivalent method and scheme made on the essence and scope of the present invention. In order to make the public have a thorough understanding of the present invention, specific details are described in detail in the following preferred embodiments of the present invention, but those skilled in the art can fully understand the present invention without the description of these details. In addition, in order to avoid unnecessary confusion about the essence of the present invention, well-known methods, processes, procedures, components and circuits are not described in detail.

[0042] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A PCB marking machine, comprising a horizontally placed workbench (1), a PCB board (15), and a three-axis marking moving structure (3), wherein a PCB inlet and outlet (101) for placing and taking out the PCB board (15) is provided at the center of the top of the workbench (1), and the three-axis marking moving structure (3) comprises an X-axis moving component (301) arranged at one end of the top of the workbench (1), a Y-axis moving component (302) is arranged on the top of the X-axis moving component (301), a Z-axis moving component (303) is vertically arranged on one side of the Y-axis moving component (302), and a marking component for marking the PCB board (15) is arranged on one side of the Z-axis moving component (303), wherein: The marking assembly comprises a lifting installation plate (4) arranged on one side of the Z-axis moving assembly (303); a rotating motor (5) is arranged on the lower side wall of the lifting installation plate (4); a laser marking head (6) for marking is arranged at the bottom output end of the rotating motor (5); four brackets (7) are arranged at the bottom of the workbench (1); the brackets (7) on the adjacent sides are laterally inserted with the same sliding rod (8); the outer peripheral surfaces of the sliding rods (8) are sleeved with two sliding sleeves (9); the sliding sleeves (9) on the adjacent sides are laterally provided with the same bottom plate (10); the two ends of the PCB board (15) are arranged on the top of the bottom plate (10); the bottom of the sliding sleeves (9) on the adjacent sides are provided with an adjustment component for controlling the spacing between the bottom plates (10); the two bottom plates (10) are ) are respectively provided on the top of a workbench (1) with a first coordinate positioning right angle frame (11), a second coordinate positioning right angle frame (12), a third coordinate positioning right angle frame (13), and a fourth coordinate positioning right angle frame (14) for determining the position of a PCB board (15); the first coordinate positioning right angle frame (11), the second coordinate positioning right angle frame (12), the third coordinate positioning right angle frame (13), and the fourth coordinate positioning right angle frame (14) are all in the shape of a right-angle boss, and the inner sides of the four positioning right angle frames form a rectangular opening space; a mounting frame (16) is provided on one side of the top of the workbench (1); a visual camera (17) is provided on the top of the mounting frame (16); and the visual camera (17) is located at a central position above the workbench (1).

2. A PCB marking machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment assembly comprises an upper rack (21) and a lower rack (22) respectively arranged at the bottom of the sliding sleeve (9) on one adjacent side, the tooth end surfaces of the upper rack (21) and the lower rack (22) being horizontally opposite to each other, a same gear (20) being meshed in the gap between the opposite surfaces of the upper rack (21) and the lower rack (22), a rotating shaft (19) being inserted in the center of the gear (20), and an adjustment motor (18) being coaxially arranged at the end of the rotating shaft (19).

3. A PCB marking machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A control display screen (2) is also provided on the top of the workbench (1).

4. A PCB marking machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The X-axis moving assembly (301), the Y-axis moving assembly (302) and the Z-axis moving assembly (303) are all driven by servo motors, and each axis motor is equipped with a high-precision encoder.

5. A PCB marking machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The visual camera (17) adopts an industrial-grade high-resolution camera with a resolution of not less than 20 million pixels and is equipped with a ring light source. The brightness of the light source can be adjusted within the range of 0-100%, so as to ensure that the image of the PCB board (15) can be clearly captured under different lighting conditions.

6. A PCB marking machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The regulating motor (18) is a stepping motor.

7. A PCB marking machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The display screen (2) is a touch screen and has an operation step prompting function.

8. A PCB marking machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The control display screen (2) is connected to the main controller of the device via an industrial Ethernet interface. The main controller adopts a programmable logic controller (PLC). The control display screen (2) and the PLC follow the MODBUSTCP communication protocol to achieve bidirectional data transmission. The PLC is connected to the servo motor drivers of the X-axis moving component (301), the Y-axis moving component (302), and the Z-axis moving component (303) via a pulse output interface to control the movement of the motors of each axis. It is connected to the driver of the regulating motor (18) via a digital output interface to control the forward and reverse rotation and speed of the regulating motor (18). It is connected to the controller of the laser marking head (6) via a serial port to transmit marking parameters and control instructions. It is connected to the visual camera (17) via an Ethernet interface to receive image data collected by the visual camera (17) and analyze and process it, thereby realizing the centralized control and status monitoring of each electrical structure of the entire device by the control display screen (2).

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