A long-distance high-power adaptive laser cutting system and a cutting method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of nuclear processing, in particular to a long-distance high-power adaptive laser cutting system and a cutting method, comprising: a power supply system, a laser generator, a control system, a ranging device, a robot and a long-distance laser cutting head, the long-distance laser cutting head is installed at the end of the robot, the ranging device is arranged on the long-distance laser cutting head, the laser generator is connected with the light input end of the long-distance laser cutting head through an optical fiber; the present application adopts the long-distance laser cutting head, controls the movement and posture of the long-distance laser cutting head through the robot; and the ranging device is arranged on the laser cutting head, automatic focusing is realized to maintain appropriate power density; through the integrated aerosol collection system and the corresponding control strategy, the aerosol generated in the cutting process is effectively controlled, so that the environmental pollution and the personnel exposure dose are reduced, and the safety of operation is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of nuclear processing technology, specifically to a long-distance high-power adaptive laser cutting system and cutting method. Background Technology

[0002] Significant progress has been made in laser cutting technology and its applications both domestically and internationally. Laser cutting has become a relatively mature technology, offering significant advantages in cutting precision, efficiency, and automation, leading to its widespread application in machining, automotive manufacturing, aerospace, and precision manufacturing. However, its application in nuclear-related cutting remains limited. This is primarily due to the inherent characteristics of nuclear facilities. Generally, nuclear facilities require dismantling complex structures, confined spaces, and large dimensions and thicknesses. Furthermore, nuclear operations involve radiation exposure. Currently, conventional laser cutting technology is short-range laser cutting, where the laser cutting head is only a few millimeters away from the object being cut. It also requires auxiliary gas for laser cutting. In the complex and confined cutting environment of nuclear facilities, the laser cutting head often lacks accessibility, resulting in excessive distance from the object and preventing cutting. Prolonged exposure to radiation can also damage the laser cutting head. Therefore, conventional short-range laser cutting technology cannot directly meet the cutting requirements of nuclear facilities. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a long-distance, high-power adaptive laser cutting system and method. It can determine the cutting path based on the scanned and identified structural surface, adaptively adjust the laser focus position using a ranging head, and determine parameters such as the laser cutting angle, spot size, and cutting speed according to the long-distance laser cutting process. Furthermore, it can perform an emergency shutdown in case personnel accidentally enter the cutting area during the laser cutting process, ensuring safe and controllable long-distance laser cutting.

[0004] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0005] A long-distance high-power adaptive laser cutting system includes: a power supply system, a laser generator, a control system, a ranging device, a robot, and a long-distance laser cutting head. The long-distance laser cutting head is installed at the end of the robot, the ranging device is disposed on the long-distance laser cutting head, and the laser generator is connected to the optical input end of the long-distance laser cutting head via an optical fiber.

[0006] The laser generator, the ranging device, the robot, the long-distance laser cutting head, the power supply system, and the control system are all electrically connected.

[0007] Furthermore, the cutting system also includes: an aerosol collection system, an operating space, and an aerosol collection space, wherein the operating space is located within the aerosol collection space, and both the operating space and the aerosol collection space are enclosed spaces;

[0008] The power supply system, the laser generator, and the control system are located within the operating space, while the aerosol collection system, the robot, the ranging device, and the long-range laser cutting head are located within the aerosol collection space.

[0009] Specifically, the aerosol collection system includes: a fixed aerosol collection hood, a mobile aerosol collection hood, and an aerosol detection device. The fixed aerosol collection hood is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the aerosol collection space, the mobile aerosol collection hood is installed on the laser cutting work surface of the aerosol collection space, and the aerosol detection device is located on the laser cutting work surface and close to the laser cutting work area.

[0010] Specifically, the mobile aerosol collection hood includes a robotic arm and a gas collection hood. The fixed end of the robotic arm is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the aerosol collection space, and the gas collection hood is fixedly connected to the end of the robotic arm. The robotic arm is provided with a gas collection path that communicates with the gas collection hood, and the gas collection hood is connected to the aerosol treatment system through the gas collection path.

[0011] Optionally, the ranging device includes a vision camera and a ranging sensor. The vision camera is used to photograph and identify the workpiece to be cut and determine the cutting path, and the ranging sensor is used to measure the distance between the long-distance laser cutting head and the workpiece.

[0012] The operating space is kept under positive pressure, and the aerosol collection space is kept under negative pressure.

[0013] A long-distance high-power adaptive laser cutting method, based on a long-distance high-power adaptive laser cutting system as described above, the method comprising:

[0014] Obtain the thickness of the workpiece to be cut and calculate the average kerf width;

[0015] A vision camera is used to scan the workpiece to be cut, obtain the structural information of the workpiece, and generate a cutting path;

[0016] The distance between the long-distance laser cutting head and the workpiece is measured using a distance sensor. The required spot size is calculated based on the measured distance and power density. The focal position of the long-distance laser cutting head is adjusted so that the power density of the laser beam on the workpiece surface is kept within the set range.

[0017] The laser generator is activated to produce a laser beam, and the robot drives the long-distance laser cutting head to move along the cutting path to cut the workpiece.

[0018] Optionally, the angle between the long-distance laser cutting head and the cutting surface is 20° to 30° upwards, and the power density is set within the range of 10. 3 ~10 4 kw / cm 2 .

[0019] Optionally, the formula for calculating the average kerf width w is: Among them, P laser Where L is the laser power, V is the thickness of the workpiece to be cut, D is the cutting speed, and Z is the laser spot diameter. R C is the Rayleigh length. P ΔT is the specific heat, ΔH is the difference between the melt temperature and the melting temperature, η is the heat of fusion, and η is the efficiency of the laser heat being absorbed by the steel plate.

[0020] Furthermore, the cutting method also includes an aerosol control method, the method comprising:

[0021] Set a concentration threshold and measure the aerosol concentration at the laser cutting site in real time;

[0022] When the aerosol concentration exceeds the concentration threshold, the control system suspends the laser cutting operation and keeps the aerosol collection system running to reduce the aerosol concentration.

[0023] When the aerosol concentration falls below the concentration threshold, the control system restarts the laser cutting operation.

[0024] After the laser cutting operation is completed, the control system keeps the aerosol collection system running until the aerosol concentration reaches the set lower limit, at which point the aerosol collection system is shut down.

[0025] Optionally, an emergency shutdown may be triggered when the aerosol concentration decreases or increases abnormally.

[0026] An abnormal decrease or increase refers to a change in aerosol concentration exceeding a threshold within a set period.

[0027] An emergency stop is triggered when the distance measured by the ranging sensor becomes abnormally small or large.

[0028] An abnormal increase or decrease refers to a change in the length of the distance value exceeding a threshold within a set period.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0030] This invention employs a long-range laser cutting head, whose movement and posture are controlled by a robot; and is equipped with a ranging device on the laser cutting head to achieve automatic focusing and maintain a suitable power density; by integrating an aerosol collection system and setting corresponding control strategies, the aerosols generated during the cutting process are effectively controlled, thereby reducing environmental pollution and personnel radiation dose and improving operational safety.

[0031] This invention automates the cutting process by controlling the movement and posture of the laser cutting head with a robot, thus reducing manual intervention and lowering the labor intensity and potential risks for operators. By measuring and feeding back the cutting distance in real time through a ranging device, the laser cutting head automatically adjusts its focus position, ensuring that the power density of the laser beam on the workpiece surface remains within a set range. This guarantees cutting quality and efficiency, and avoids cutting defects or reduced efficiency caused by improper power density. Through an integrated aerosol collection system and corresponding control strategies (including real-time monitoring, over-threshold pause, and continuous collection after cutting), the aerosols generated during the cutting process are effectively controlled, thereby reducing environmental pollution and personnel radiation exposure, and improving operational safety. Attached Figure Description

[0032] The accompanying drawings illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present invention and, together with the description thereof, serve to explain the principles of the invention. These drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, but do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a long-distance, high-power adaptive laser cutting system according to the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the mobile aerosol collection hood according to the present invention.

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic flowchart of a long-distance, high-power adaptive laser cutting method according to the present invention.

[0036] Reference numerals: 1-Power supply system, 2-Cooling system, 3-Laser generator, 4-Control system, 5-Fiber optic cable, 6-Robot, 7-Long-distance laser cutting head, 8-Aerosol collection space, 801-Fixed aerosol collection hood, 802-Mobile aerosol collection hood, 803-Aerosol detection device, 8021-Gas collection hood, 8022-Robotic arm, 8023-Gas collection path. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0038] It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts relevant to the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0039] Where there is no conflict, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment describes the overall structure of a long-distance, high-power adaptive laser cutting system, primarily used for long-distance laser cutting operations in specific environments (such as radioactive environments). The system is designed with two main spaces: an operating space and an aerosol collection space 8. This spatial separation achieves equipment protection and contamination control.

[0042] A long-distance high-power adaptive laser cutting system includes: a power supply system 1, a laser generator 3, a control system 4, a ranging device, a robot 6, and a long-distance laser cutting head 7. The long-distance laser cutting head 7 is installed at the end of the robot 6, the ranging device is set on the long-distance laser cutting head 7, and the laser generator 3 is connected to the optical input end of the long-distance laser cutting head 7 through an optical fiber 5.

[0043] Power system 1 provides power to the entire system. Laser generator 3 has a power of 20kW and is used to generate a high-power laser beam. Control system 4 controls the operation of the entire system, including the coordinated operation of laser generator 3, robot 6, ranging device, and long-range laser cutting head 7. The ranging device is mounted on the long-range laser cutting head 7 and is used to measure the distance between the cutting head and the workpiece. Robot 6 has 6 degrees of freedom joints, providing multi-degree-of-freedom motion, carrying and controlling the position and orientation of long-range laser cutting head 7. Long-range laser cutting head 7 focuses the laser beam and guides it to the workpiece for cutting. It is mounted at the end of robot 6 and can move flexibly. A 20m long optical fiber 5 connects laser generator 3 and long-range laser cutting head 7 for transmitting the laser beam.

[0044] The laser generator 3, the ranging device, the robot 6, the long-distance laser cutting head 7 are all electrically connected to the power supply system 1 and the control system 4.

[0045] The cutting system also includes: an aerosol collection system, an operating space and an aerosol collection space 8. The operating space is located within the aerosol collection space 8, and both the operating space and the aerosol collection space 8 are enclosed spaces. The power supply system 1, the laser generator 3 and the control system 4 are located within the operating space, while the aerosol collection system, the robot 6, the ranging device and the long-distance laser cutting head 7 are located within the aerosol collection space 8.

[0046] The operating space is kept under positive pressure, with the air pressure inside the operating space being higher than the air pressure of its external environment (i.e., the aerosol collection space 8). By maintaining positive pressure, external air (which may contain aerosols) can be prevented from entering the operating space, thereby protecting sensitive equipment (power system 1, laser generator 3, control system 4) and operators inside the operating space from contamination.

[0047] The aerosol collection space 8 is kept under negative pressure. The air pressure inside the aerosol collection space 8 is lower than the air pressure of its external environment (i.e., the operating space and the atmospheric environment). By maintaining negative pressure, the air inside the aerosol collection space 8 (containing aerosols generated during cutting) can be prevented from leaking into the operating space or the external environment, thereby achieving pollution control.

[0048] The cutting system achieves equipment protection and contamination control by placing the main heat-generating and control components within a sealed operating space and maintaining it under positive pressure, isolating it from the cutting operation area (aerosol collection space 8, maintained under negative pressure). The laser beam generated by the laser generator 3 is transmitted via optical fiber 5 to a remote laser cutting head 7 mounted at the end of the robot 6. A ranging device measures the distance between the cutting head and the workpiece in real time and feeds the data back to the control system 4. The control system 4 controls the focal position of the laser cutting head based on the distance information and coordinates the movement of the robot 6 to achieve automatic, remote cutting of the workpiece. The aerosol collection system is responsible for collecting the aerosols generated during the cutting process and maintaining the negative pressure state of the aerosol collection space 8 to prevent aerosol leakage. The combined design of positive and negative pressure ensures that contaminants are effectively confined within the aerosol collection space 8 and protects sensitive equipment.

[0049] In addition, to protect the long-distance laser cutting head 7 and avoid high-temperature damage, a cooling system 2 is installed in the operating space. The cooling system 2 is connected to the long-distance laser cutting head 7 through a cooling water pipe and cools the long-distance laser cutting head 7. During use, the long-distance laser cutting head 7 is driven by the robot 6 to cut within a range of 0.5m-20m from the object being cut.

[0050] Example 2

[0051] This embodiment provides the specific structure of an aerosol collection system and a distance measuring device. The aerosol collection system employs a combination of fixed and mobile collection methods to improve collection efficiency. The distance measuring device integrates a visual camera and a distance sensor to achieve path planning and distance measurement.

[0052] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the aerosol collection system includes: a fixed aerosol collection hood 801, a mobile aerosol collection hood 802, and an aerosol detection device 803. The fixed aerosol collection hood 801 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the aerosol collection space 8, the mobile aerosol collection hood 802 is installed on the laser cutting work surface of the aerosol collection space 8, and the aerosol detection device 803 is located on the laser cutting work surface and close to the laser cutting work area.

[0053] A fixed aerosol collection hood 801 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the aerosol collection space 8, providing basic aerosol collection capacity and covering a large area. A mobile aerosol collection hood 802 is installed on the laser cutting surface of the aerosol collection space 8, closer to the cutting point, and more effectively collects aerosols generated during the cutting process. An aerosol detection device 803 is installed on the laser cutting surface, close to the laser cutting point, to monitor the aerosol concentration in the cutting area in real time.

[0054] The mobile aerosol collection hood 802 includes a robotic arm 8022 and a gas collection hood 8021. The robotic arm 8022 provides multi-degree-of-freedom movement. The fixed end of the robotic arm 8022 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the aerosol collection space 8. The gas collection hood 8021 is fixedly connected to the end of the robotic arm 8022. A gas collection passage 8023 communicating with the gas collection hood 8021 is provided inside the robotic arm 8022. The gas collection hood 8021 is connected to the aerosol treatment system through the gas collection passage 8023.

[0055] The ranging device includes a vision camera and a ranging sensor. The vision camera is used to photograph and identify the workpiece to be cut and determine the cutting path. The ranging sensor is used to measure the distance between the long-distance laser cutting head 7 and the workpiece.

[0056] The vision camera photographs and performs image recognition on the workpiece to be cut, acquiring information such as the workpiece's shape and size, and generates a cutting path based on this information using existing technologies. A distance sensor measures the distance between the long-range laser cutting head 7 and the workpiece, used for automatic focusing of the laser cutting head.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] This embodiment provides a long-distance, high-power adaptive laser cutting method based on Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2, the method including:

[0059] The thickness of the workpiece to be cut is obtained, and the thickness parameter is input into the control system. The control system calculates the average kerf width for higher cutting efficiency based on the thickness of the workpiece. The kerf width is related to factors such as workpiece thickness, laser power, and cutting speed. The formula for calculating the average kerf width w is: Among them, P laser Where L is the laser power (W), W is the plate thickness, V is the average kerf width, V is the cutting speed (m / s), D is the spot diameter, and Z is the laser power (W). R C is the Rayleigh length. P ΔT is the specific heat, ΔH is the difference between the melt temperature and the melting temperature, ΔH is the heat of fusion (J / kg), and η is the efficiency of the laser heat being absorbed by the steel plate. When the kerf width is too small, it is easy to cause the molten metal to flow slowly and resolidify. However, when the kerf width is too large, it will lead to a decrease in cutting efficiency.

[0060] Long-distance laser cutting is a complete melting process, and its process optimization requires a focus on the dynamic balance between kerf width and cutting speed. As w increases, the cross-sectional area of ​​the molten metal flow channel increases, and the melt flow rate is proportional to the square of the kerf width, supporting higher cutting speeds. However, maintaining a larger kerf width simultaneously requires higher energy input or a longer residence time, necessitating the control system to reduce the cutting speed V to ensure energy deposition density per unit length. This nonlinear constraint requires the control system to perform multi-objective optimization within the kerf width threshold range based on real-time detected molten pool morphology characteristics, thereby balancing the relationship between kerf width and cutting speed.

[0061] A vision camera scans the workpiece to be cut, acquiring its structural information and generating a cutting path. The vision camera also captures images of the workpiece; image processing algorithms identify its shape, edges, and other features, generating the cutting path accordingly and determining the trajectory of the laser cutting head. Unlike conventional short-range laser cutting, long-range laser cutting does not use auxiliary gas; the cutting process is a complete melting process. The cutting path is optimized by adjusting the laser cutting head angle to 20°–30° upwards along the cutting path to achieve optimal molten metal removal and improve cutting efficiency.

[0062] A distance sensor is used to measure the distance between the long-distance laser cutting head and the workpiece. Based on the measured distance and power density, the required spot size is calculated. The control system adjusts the lens group (focusing mechanism) inside the laser cutting head, thereby adjusting the focal position of the long-distance laser cutting head to maintain the power density of the laser beam on the workpiece surface within a set range. The laser power density is determined by the laser power and the spot diameter. If the spot diameter is too large, the power density is too low, making it impossible to cut through thick metal structures. If the spot diameter is too small, the laser energy density is too high, which can cause self-welding of the workpiece, reducing cutting efficiency or even preventing cutting altogether. Preliminary experiments show that long-distance laser cutting requires maintaining a laser cutting power density of 10... 3 ~10 4 kw / cm 2 Within the range.

[0063] The laser generator is activated to produce a laser beam, and the robot drives the long-distance laser cutting head to move along the cutting path to cut the workpiece.

[0064] First, the workpiece thickness information is acquired, and a suitable average kerf width is calculated. Then, a vision camera scans the workpiece to generate a cutting path. Next, a distance sensor measures the distance between the cutting head and the workpiece in real time, and automatically adjusts the focal position of the laser cutting head based on the distance and a preset power density to maintain optimal power density. Finally, the laser generator is activated, and the robot moves the laser cutting head along the cutting path to complete the cutting process. The entire process embodies the concept of adaptive control, adjusting cutting parameters based on real-time information about the workpiece and the environment to achieve high-quality cutting.

[0065] Example 4

[0066] This embodiment describes how to control aerosol contamination and the safety mechanisms for handling abnormal situations during long-distance, high-power adaptive laser cutting. The method ensures operational safety and environmental cleanliness by real-time monitoring of aerosol concentration and cutting distance, and triggering an emergency shutdown in abnormal circumstances.

[0067] The cutting method also includes aerosol control methods, which include:

[0068] Before cutting, set an upper limit for the allowable aerosol concentration—the concentration threshold—and measure the aerosol concentration at the laser cutting site in real time.

[0069] When the aerosol concentration exceeds the concentration threshold, the control system suspends the laser cutting operation and keeps the aerosol collection system running to accelerate the collection and removal of aerosols, thereby reducing the aerosol concentration.

[0070] When the aerosol concentration falls below the concentration threshold, the control system restarts the laser cutting operation.

[0071] After the laser cutting operation is completed, the control system keeps the aerosol collection system running until the aerosol concentration reaches the set lower limit, at which point the aerosol collection system is shut down.

[0072] An emergency shutdown is triggered when the aerosol concentration drops or increases abnormally. A sudden and significant change in aerosol concentration may indicate a system malfunction (such as failure of the aerosol collection system, seal damage, etc.) or other unexpected events.

[0073] An abnormal decrease or increase refers to a change in aerosol concentration exceeding a threshold within a set period.

[0074] An emergency stop is triggered when the distance measured by the distance sensor becomes abnormally small or large. A sudden and significant change in distance may indicate that an obstacle has entered the cutting path or that the cutting head / workpiece has moved unexpectedly, requiring an immediate stop to prevent an accident.

[0075] An abnormal increase or decrease refers to a change in the length of the distance value exceeding a threshold within a set period.

[0076] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment / mode," "some embodiments / modes," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment / mode or example is included in at least one embodiment / mode or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment / mode or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments / modes or examples. Furthermore, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments / modes or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments / modes or examples.

[0077] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0078] Those skilled in the art should understand that the above embodiments are merely for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Those skilled in the art can make other changes or modifications based on the above invention, and these changes or modifications still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A long-distance, high-power adaptive laser cutting method, characterized in that, Based on a long-distance high-power adaptive laser cutting system, the system includes: a power supply system (1), a laser generator (3), a control system (4), a ranging device, a robot (6), and a long-distance laser cutting head (7). The long-distance laser cutting head (7) is installed at the end of the robot (6), and the ranging device is located on the long-distance laser cutting head (7). The laser generator (3) is connected to the optical input end of the long-distance laser cutting head (7) through an optical fiber (5). The laser generator (3), the ranging device, the robot (6), and the long-distance laser cutting head (7) are all electrically connected to the power supply system (1) and the control system (4). The method includes: Obtain the thickness of the workpiece to be cut and calculate the average kerf width; A vision camera is used to scan the workpiece to be cut, obtain the structural information of the workpiece, and generate a cutting path; The distance between the long-distance laser cutting head and the workpiece is measured using a distance sensor. The required spot size is calculated based on the measured distance and power density. The focal position of the long-distance laser cutting head is adjusted so that the power density of the laser beam on the workpiece surface is kept within the set range. The laser generator is activated to produce a laser beam, and the robot drives the long-distance laser cutting head to move along the cutting path to cut the workpiece; Among them, the average kerf width The calculation formula is: ,in, For laser power, The thickness of the workpiece to be cut. For cutting speed, The diameter of the light spot. Rayleigh length, For specific heat, This is the difference between the melt temperature and the melting temperature. Heat of fusion The efficiency at which the laser heat is absorbed by the steel plate; The angle between the long-distance laser cutting head and the cutting surface is 20°~30° upwards, and the power density is set within the range of 10. 3 ~10 4 kw / cm 2 .

2. The long-distance high-power adaptive laser cutting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system further includes: an aerosol collection system, an operating space and an aerosol collection space (8), wherein the operating space is located within the aerosol collection space (8), and both the operating space and the aerosol collection space (8) are enclosed spaces; The power supply system (1), the laser generator (3) and the control system (4) are located in the operating space, and the aerosol collection system, the robot (6), the ranging device and the long-distance laser cutting head (7) are located in the aerosol collection space (8).

3. The long-distance high-power adaptive laser cutting method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The aerosol collection system includes: a fixed aerosol collection hood (801), a mobile aerosol collection hood (802), and an aerosol detection device (803). The fixed aerosol collection hood (801) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the aerosol collection space (8). The mobile aerosol collection hood (802) is installed on the laser cutting surface of the aerosol collection space (8). The aerosol detection device (803) is located on the laser cutting surface and close to the laser cutting location.

4. The long-distance high-power adaptive laser cutting method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The mobile aerosol collection hood (802) includes a robotic arm (8022) and a gas collection hood (8021). The fixed end of the robotic arm (8022) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the aerosol collection space (8). The gas collection hood (8021) is fixedly connected to the end of the robotic arm (8022). The robotic arm (8022) is provided with a gas collection path (8023) that communicates with the gas collection hood (8021). The gas collection hood (8021) is connected to the aerosol treatment system through the gas collection path (8023).

5. The long-distance high-power adaptive laser cutting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ranging device includes a vision camera and a ranging sensor. The vision camera is used to take pictures of the workpiece to be cut, identify it, and determine the cutting path. The ranging sensor is used to measure the distance between the long-distance laser cutting head (7) and the workpiece.

6. The long-distance high-power adaptive laser cutting method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The operating space is kept under positive pressure, and the aerosol collection space (8) is kept under negative pressure.

7. The long-distance high-power adaptive laser cutting method according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes aerosol control methods, the methods comprising: Set a concentration threshold and measure the aerosol concentration at the laser cutting site in real time; When the aerosol concentration exceeds the concentration threshold, the control system suspends the laser cutting operation and keeps the aerosol collection system running to reduce the aerosol concentration. When the aerosol concentration falls below the concentration threshold, the control system restarts the laser cutting operation. After the laser cutting operation is completed, the control system keeps the aerosol collection system running until the aerosol concentration reaches the set lower limit, at which point the aerosol collection system is shut down.

8. The long-distance high-power adaptive laser cutting method according to claim 7, characterized in that, An emergency shutdown is triggered when the aerosol concentration decreases or increases abnormally. An abnormal decrease or increase refers to a change in aerosol concentration exceeding a threshold within a set period.

9. The long-distance high-power adaptive laser cutting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, An emergency stop is triggered when the distance measured by the ranging sensor becomes abnormally small or large. An abnormal increase or decrease refers to a change in the length of the distance value exceeding a threshold within a set period.

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