Hot airflow protective article based on multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane

Abstract

The invention discloses a hot airflow protective article based on a multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane. The device comprises an outer layer protection structure which is used for blocking direct contact with an external environment; the inner layer contact structure is used for being in contact with a user and providing comfort; the middle cooling layer is composed of a multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane, the multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane is formed by wrapping dispersed phase change material liquid drops with a polymer material, and the phase change material is subjected to phase change and absorbs heat when hot airflow passes through, so that effective cooling of the hot airflow is achieved. By means of the fire escape protection mask based on the multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane, excellent hot airflow cooling is achieved, and harm of high-temperature airflow to the respiratory system is remarkably reduced; the fire escape mask based on the multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane has good air permeability, the resistance is only 180-220 Pa, and comfortable breathing of a wearer is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of protection technology and electrospinning, and in particular relates to a hot air flow protection product based on a multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane. Background Art

[0002] In a fire scene, people usually think of severe burns, but they do not actually cause most fire-related deaths, while high-temperature smoke causes more than 80% of deaths. Studies have shown that inhaling high-temperature gases in a fire can cause respiratory burns, lung damage, and even suffocation or death in severe cases. Therefore, in order to increase the survival rate of people in a fire, it is necessary to use protective equipment during fire escape, among which fire escape masks can be quickly put on in an emergency and provide effective respiratory protection.

[0003] Existing fire escape masks mainly use three types of protection: physical cooling, chemical absorption and mechanical filtration. However, each of these methods has certain limitations. For example, although physical cooling methods (such as additional wet wipes or hygroscopic materials) can absorb some heat, they will also increase breathing resistance and affect the performance of the filter layer; chemical absorption methods rely on adsorbents or neutralizers to treat harmful gases, but their effectiveness is limited by the ambient temperature and there may be a risk of secondary pollution; mechanical filtration methods (such as activated carbon and filter cotton) have good interception capabilities for large particles, but have poor filtration effects on nano-sized particles, and have large breathing resistance and complex operation, which affects escape efficiency. Therefore, there is still a lot of room for improvement in existing fire escape masks in terms of high-temperature gas, smoke filtration and breathability resistance.

[0004] In recent years, common multi-component micro-nano fiber membranes are mainly used in summer clothing to provide local micro-environment cooling function, usually for ambient temperatures around 40°C. However, how to use multi-component micro-nano fiber membranes to achieve efficient cooling protection in extremely high temperature environments (such as 160°C) remains a challenge that needs to be solved.

[0005] Therefore, in order to increase the wearer's chance of survival in a high-temperature environment during a fire, it is particularly important to develop a fire escape mask based on a multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane that can be cooled by high-temperature hot air flow and has good air permeability. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a thermal airflow protection product based on a multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane.

[0007] The present invention provides a thermal airflow protective article based on a multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane, comprising: The outer protective structure is used to block direct contact with the external environment; The inner contact structure is used to contact with the user and provide comfort; The intermediate cooling layer is composed of a multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane, which is composed of dispersed phase change material droplets wrapped by a polymer material. The phase change material undergoes a phase change when the hot air flow passes through, absorbs heat, and thus effectively cools the hot air flow.

[0008] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane, which is used to prepare protective equipment with a hot air flow cooling function, and the method comprises the following steps: Building a microfluidic electrospinning device, including an observation platform, a temperature control system and an electrospinning collection device, wherein the temperature control system can regulate and stabilize the temperature of the spinning environment; preparing a spinnable polymer solution as an external phase solution; A phase change material solution which is solid at room temperature is prepared as an internal phase solution; The external phase solution and the internal phase solution are respectively transported to the microfluidic chip to form a uniform monodisperse emulsion in the microfluidic chip. The emulsion generates an electric jet after a voltage is applied at the outlet needle, solidifies in the air and deposits on the wire collecting device to form a multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane. The multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane is composed of phase change material droplets wrapped by a polymer material, and can absorb heat through the phase change of the phase change material when the hot air flow passes through, thereby achieving cooling of the hot air flow; The preliminarily prepared multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane is post-treated to obtain a multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane that can be used for hot air flow cooling.

[0009] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The fire escape protective mask based on the multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane prepared by the present invention achieves excellent thermal airflow cooling and significantly reduces the harm of high-temperature airflow to the respiratory system; (2) The fire escape mask based on the multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane prepared by the present invention has good air permeability and a resistance of only 180~220Pa, ensuring comfortable breathing for the wearer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 2. It is a schematic structural diagram of a fire escape mask according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a microfluidic electrospinning device; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the generation of multi-component micro-nano fibers during the spinning process; FIG4( a ) is a SEM image of the multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane obtained in Example 1; FIG4( b ) is a SEM image of the fiber bead structure in the multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane obtained in Example 1; Figure 5 This is a smoke performance demonstration diagram of the multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane obtained in Example 1; Figure 6 It is a simple schematic diagram of a device for testing the cooling performance of a fire escape mask; Figure 7 It is the cooling performance test result of the fire escape mask obtained in Example 1; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of a device for testing the air permeability of a fire escape mask; Fig. 9 It is the cooling performance test result of the fire escape mask obtained in Example 2; Fig.10 It is the cooling performance test result of the fire escape mask obtained in Example 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0011] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments and drawings. The following embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention: The present application provides a thermal airflow protection product based on a multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane, which is composed of an outer layer, an intermediate cooling layer and an inner layer.

[0012] The outer layer and the inner layer are respectively composed of non-woven fabrics, the middle cooling layer is composed of a multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane, the multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane is composed of multi-component micro-nano fibers, and the multi-component micro-nano fibers are composed of dispersed phase change material droplets wrapped by polymer materials.

[0013] Furthermore, the basic unit of the multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane of the intermediate cooling layer is a multi-component micro-nano fiber, and the fiber is composed of dispersed phase change material droplets wrapped by a polymer material.

[0014] Furthermore, the polymer material in the multi-component micro-nano fiber wraps around the dispersed phase change material and presents a bead-like structure.

[0015] Furthermore, the fiber diameter of the multi-component micro-nano fiber at the part not wrapped with the phase change material is 100nm~500nm, and the average diameter of the bead structure at the part wrapped with the phase change material is 1μm~5μm.

[0016] Furthermore, the outer layer is composed of a waterproof and breathable non-woven fabric.

[0017] Furthermore, the inner layer is composed of soft and skin-friendly non-woven fabric.

[0018] The present application also provides a method for preparing a multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane, the specific steps are as follows: (1) Build a microfluidic electrospinning device to prepare multi-component micro-nano fiber membranes, including an observation platform, a temperature control system, and an electrospinning collection device.

[0019] (2) Under certain conditions, prepare a polymer solution with the required mass fraction as the external phase solution; (3) Under certain conditions, prepare the required phase change material solution as the internal phase solution; (4) Start the ceramic heating lamp and adjust the temperature in the incubator to a suitable spinning environment. At the same time, continuously heat the pipe that transports the internal phase solution through the PE tube heater to ensure that it remains fluid in a high temperature environment.

[0020] The external phase solution prepared in step (2) and the internal phase solution prepared in step (3) are respectively delivered to the microfluidic chip of the multiphase micro-nano fiber. By adjusting the flow parameters of the microfluidic chip, a uniform monodisperse emulsion is formed. The emulsion flows to the needle at the outlet of the microfluidic chip, generates an electric jet after voltage is applied, gradually solidifies in the air, and finally deposits on the wire collecting device to obtain multi-component micro-nano fibers. After a period of time, a preliminarily prepared multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane is obtained; (5) The preliminarily prepared multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane is selectively cross-linked to obtain a cross-linked multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane.

[0021] Furthermore, it also includes using the obtained multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane as an intermediate cooling layer, and sewing it with the outer layer of waterproof and breathable non-woven fabric and the inner layer of soft skin-friendly non-woven fabric according to the assembly sequence, and finally preparing a protective product based on the multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane.

[0022] Furthermore, in step (1), the temperature control system can be composed of heating devices such as an insulation box, a PE tube heater and a ceramic heating lamp.

[0023] Furthermore, in step (1), the temperature control system can regulate and stabilize the temperature of the spinning environment, ensuring the optimal fluidity and coating effect of the polymer solution and the phase change material solution in a high temperature environment, thereby improving the preparation effect of the multi-component micro-nano fibers.

[0024] Furthermore, in step (2), the polymer solution is required to have good spinnability and biocompatibility, such as polyvinyl alcohol.

[0025] Furthermore, in step (3), the phase change material solution can remain in a solid state at room temperature, such as n-eicosane.

[0026] Furthermore, in step (4), the microfluidic electrospinning process parameters include: the ambient temperature of the box is stable at 55-70°C, the flow rate of the inner phase solution is 40-200 μl / h, the flow rate of the outer phase solution is 50-200 μl / h, the total spinning voltage is 13-20 kV, and the receiving distance is 10-15 cm.

[0027] Furthermore, in the step (5), the preliminarily prepared multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane can be selectively cross-linked, wherein the cross-linking method is: placing the multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane and the hydrobromic acid solution in a heating device, maintaining the temperature at 100°C, and the cross-linking time is 3 minutes to obtain the multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane after cross-linking.

[0028] Example 1 A fire escape mask based on a multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane and a preparation method thereof, wherein Figure 1 As shown, the fire escape mask 1 is composed of an outer layer 2, an intermediate cooling layer 3 and an inner layer 4. The outer layer of this embodiment is composed of a waterproof and breathable non-woven fabric, the inner layer is composed of a soft and skin-friendly non-woven fabric, the intermediate cooling layer is composed of a multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane, and the multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane is composed of multi-component micro-nano fibers, and the multi-component micro-nano fibers are composed of polymer materials wrapped in dispersed phase change material droplets. A method for preparing a fire escape mask based on a multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane comprises the following steps: (1) If Figure 2 As shown, a preparation device for preparing multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane by microfluidic electrospinning is constructed, including an observation platform 5, a temperature control system and an electrospinning collection device 6. The temperature control system is composed of an insulation box 7, a PE tube heater 8 and a ceramic heating lamp 9; (2) Design and manufacture microfluidic chips for preparing multiphase micro-nano fibers; (3) Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was selected as the polymer material. At room temperature, PVA was mixed with deionized water to a mass fraction of 8%, and then heated and stirred in an 85°C oil bath for 3 h until it was completely dissolved. After standing to defoam, the external phase solution was obtained. (4) Select n-eicosane as the phase change material (PCM). Place the reagent bottle containing n-eicosane solid in 85°C hot water and heat for 20 minutes until n-eicosane is completely melted into liquid. Take 10g of n-eicosane liquid as the internal phase solution; (5) Start the ceramic heating lamp, adjust the temperature in the incubator to a suitable spinning environment, and at the same time, continue to heat the PE tube that transports the internal phase solution through the PE tube heater. Figure 3As shown, the external phase solution 10 prepared in step (2) and the internal phase solution 11 prepared in step (3) are respectively transported to the microfluidic chip 12, wherein the flow rate of the internal phase solution is 40μl / h, and the flow rate of the external phase solution is 50μl / h, thereby forming a uniform monodisperse emulsion in the microfluidic chip. The emulsion flows to the needle at the outlet of the microfluidic chip, and generates an electric jet after voltage is applied by a high-voltage power supply 13, and gradually solidifies in the air, and finally deposits on the wire collecting device 14 to obtain a multi-component micro-nano fiber 15. After a period of time, a preliminarily prepared multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane, namely a PP (PCM in PVA) fiber membrane, is obtained. The spinning voltage is 12kV, the receiving voltage on the collecting plate is 0kV, and the receiving distance is 10cm; (6) The obtained PP fiber membrane is used as the middle cooling layer, and is sewn with the outer layer of waterproof and breathable non-woven fabric and the inner layer of soft skin-friendly non-woven fabric according to the assembly sequence, and finally a fire escape mask based on a multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane is prepared, which is referred to as a PP mask.

[0029] The SEM image of the prepared PP fiber membrane is shown in Figure 4(a). The fiber diameter at the part without the phase change material is about 200nm. As shown in Figure 4(b), the average diameter of the bead structure at the part with the phase change material is about 1.9μm. The smoke filtration performance of the PP fiber membrane is demonstrated. Figure 5 As shown, the prepared multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane can not only ensure air circulation, but also effectively filter smoke particulate matter.

[0030] The cooling performance of the prepared PP mask was tested, and the simple schematic diagram of the device is shown as follows: Figure 6 As shown, the heat regulation effect of the fire escape mask under high temperature conditions is mainly measured by simulating the environment of high temperature airflow. The operation steps are: continuously pass the high temperature airflow 16 into the pipe 17, first use the temperature sensor 18 to measure the temperature changes on the left and right sides of the mask placement 19 when no mask is placed, the inlet temperature represents the temperature of the gas before passing through the mask placement, and the outlet temperature represents the temperature of the gas after passing through the mask placement. Then put the PP mask into the mask placement for measurement, the measurement results are shown as follows Figure 7 As shown in the figure, the outlet temperature when the PP mask is placed is significantly lower than the outlet temperature when no mask is placed, indicating that the PP mask has an effective cooling effect.

[0031] Test the air permeability of PP masks. The schematic diagram of the device is as follows: Figure 8As shown, the pressure difference test method is mainly used to measure the resistance generated by the fire escape mask when the gas flows. The airflow 20 is regulated and stabilized by the float flowmeter 21 and then passed into the pipeline 22. A position for placing the mask 23 to be tested is set in the middle of the pipeline. At the same time, the pressure probes 25 of the differential pressure gauge 24 are connected at both ends to measure the pressure difference on both sides of the mask. The measurement results show that the pressure difference of the PP mask is 180Pa, indicating that the PP mask has a good breathability effect.

[0032] Example 2 A fire escape mask based on a multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane and a preparation method thereof, the fire escape mask is composed of an outer layer, an intermediate cooling layer and an inner layer. The outer layer in this embodiment is composed of a waterproof and breathable non-woven fabric, the inner layer is composed of a soft and skin-friendly non-woven fabric, the intermediate cooling layer is composed of a multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane, the multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane is composed of multi-component micro-nano fibers, and the multi-component micro-nano fibers are composed of polymer materials wrapped in dispersed phase change material droplets. A method for preparing a fire escape mask based on a multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane comprises the following steps: (1) Build a microfluidic electrospinning device for preparing multi-component micro-nano fiber membranes, including an observation platform, a temperature control system, and an electrospinning collection device. The temperature control system consists of an incubator, a PE tube heater, and a ceramic heating lamp; (2) Design and manufacture microfluidic chips for preparing multiphase micro-nano fibers; (3) Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was selected as the polymer material, and graphene oxide (GO) was added. The addition of GO can enhance thermal conductivity and effectively improve the thermal conductivity of the fiber membrane. At room temperature, PVA was mixed with deionized water to make the mass fraction of PVA 8%, and then heated and stirred in an 85°C oil bath for 3 hours until it was completely dissolved. After cooling, GO solution was added and continued to be stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. After standing to defoam, the external phase solution was obtained, in which the mass ratio of PVA to GO was 100:1; (4) Select n-eicosane as the phase change material (PCM). Place the reagent bottle containing n-eicosane solid in 85°C hot water and heat for 20 minutes until n-eicosane is completely melted into liquid. Take 10g of n-eicosane liquid as the internal phase solution; (5) Start the ceramic heating lamp, adjust the temperature in the incubator to a suitable spinning environment, and continuously heat the PE tube for transporting the inner phase solution through the PE tube heater. The outer phase solution prepared in step (2) and the inner phase solution prepared in step (3) are respectively transported to the microfluidic chip, wherein the flow rate of the inner phase solution is 70 μl / h and the flow rate of the outer phase solution is 80 μl / h, thereby forming a uniform monodisperse emulsion in the microfluidic chip. The emulsion flows to the needle at the outlet of the microfluidic chip, generates an electrojet after a voltage is applied by a high-voltage power supply, and gradually solidifies in the air, and finally deposits on the collection device to obtain multi-component micro-nano fibers. After a period of time, a preliminarily prepared multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane is obtained, namely, PPG (PCM in PVA / GO) fiber membrane. The spinning voltage is 14 kV, the receiving voltage on the collecting plate is 0 kV, and the receiving distance is 11 cm; (6) The obtained PPG fiber membrane is used as the middle cooling layer, and is sewn with the outer layer of waterproof and breathable non-woven fabric and the inner layer of soft skin-friendly non-woven fabric according to the assembly sequence, and finally a fire escape mask based on a multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane is prepared, which is referred to as a PPG mask.

[0033] The cooling performance of the prepared PPG mask was tested, and the measurement results are as follows: Fig. 9 As shown, the outlet temperature with the PPG mask in place is significantly lower than the outlet temperature without the mask in place, indicating that the PPG mask has an effective cooling effect.

[0034] The air permeability test of the PPG mask showed that the pressure difference of the PPG mask was 200Pa, indicating that the PPG mask has good air permeability.

[0035] Example 3 A fire escape mask based on a multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane and a preparation method thereof, the fire escape mask is composed of an outer layer, an intermediate cooling layer and an inner layer. The outer layer in this embodiment is composed of a waterproof and breathable non-woven fabric, the inner layer is composed of a soft and skin-friendly non-woven fabric, the intermediate cooling layer is composed of a multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane, the multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane is composed of multi-component micro-nano fibers, and the multi-component micro-nano fibers are composed of polymer materials wrapped in dispersed phase change material droplets. A method for preparing a fire escape mask based on a multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane comprises the following steps: (1) Build a microfluidic electrospinning device for preparing multi-component micro-nano fiber membranes, including an observation platform, a temperature control system, and an electrospinning collection device. The temperature control system consists of an incubator, a PE tube heater, and a ceramic heating lamp; (2) Design and manufacture microfluidic chips for preparing multiphase micro-nano fibers; (3) Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was selected as the polymer material, and graphene oxide (GO) and glutaraldehyde (GA) were added. The addition of GO can enhance thermal conductivity and effectively improve the thermal conductivity of the fiber membrane; the addition of GA can cross-link with PVA, thereby improving the water resistance of the fiber membrane. At room temperature, PVA was mixed with deionized water to make the mass fraction of PVA 8%, and then heated and stirred in an 85°C oil bath for 3 hours until it was completely dissolved. After cooling, GO solution was added and continued to be stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Finally, GA aqueous solution was added and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. After standing and defoaming, the external phase solution was obtained, in which the mass ratio of PVA to GO was 100:1, and the mass ratio of PVA to GA solution was 16:3; (4) Select n-eicosane as the phase change material (PCM). Place the reagent bottle containing n-eicosane solid in 85°C hot water and heat for 20 minutes until n-eicosane is completely melted into liquid. Take 10g of n-eicosane liquid as the internal phase solution; (5) Start the ceramic heating lamp, adjust the temperature in the incubator to a suitable spinning environment, and continuously heat the PE tube for transporting the inner phase solution through the PE tube heater. The outer phase solution prepared in step (2) and the inner phase solution prepared in step (3) are respectively transported to the microfluidic chip, wherein the flow rate of the inner phase solution is 110 μl / h and the flow rate of the outer phase solution is 130 μl / h, thereby forming a uniform monodisperse emulsion in the microfluidic chip. The emulsion flows to the needle at the outlet of the microfluidic chip, generates an electrojet after a voltage is applied by a high-voltage power supply, and gradually solidifies in the air, and finally deposits on the collection device to obtain multi-component micro-nano fibers. After a period of time, a preliminarily prepared multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane is obtained, namely, PPG (PCM in PVA / GO) fiber membrane. The spinning voltage is 15 kV, the receiving voltage on the collecting plate is 0 kV, and the receiving distance is 13 cm; (6) placing the PPG fiber membrane and the hydrobromic acid solution in a sealed container and cross-linking them at 100°C for 3 minutes to obtain a cross-linked PPG / C fiber membrane; (7) The obtained PPG / C fiber membrane is used as the middle cooling layer, and is sewn with the outer layer of waterproof and breathable non-woven fabric and the inner layer of soft skin-friendly non-woven fabric according to the assembly sequence, and finally a fire escape mask based on a multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane is prepared, referred to as a PPG / C mask; The cooling performance of the prepared PPG / C mask was tested, and the measurement results are as follows: Fig.10 As shown, the outlet temperature when the PPG / C mask is placed is significantly lower than the outlet temperature when no mask is placed, indicating that the PPG / C mask has an effective cooling effect.

[0036] The air permeability test of the PPG / C mask showed that the pressure difference of the PPG / C mask was 215Pa, indicating that the PPG / C mask has good air permeability.

[0037] As described above, the present invention can be better implemented. The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention; that is, all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the content of the present invention are covered by the scope of protection required by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A thermal airflow protective product based on a multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane, characterized in that: include: The outer protective structure is used to block direct contact with the external environment; The inner contact structure is used to contact with the user and provide comfort; The intermediate cooling layer is composed of a multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane, which is composed of dispersed phase change material droplets wrapped by a polymer material. The phase change material undergoes a phase change when the hot air flow passes through, absorbs heat, and thus effectively cools the hot air flow.

2. The thermal airflow protection article according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fiber diameter of the multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane at the part not wrapped with the phase change material is 100nm-500nm, and the average diameter of the bead structure at the part wrapped with the phase change material is 1μm-5μm.

3. The thermal airflow protection article according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The outer protective structure is made of waterproof and breathable material, and the inner contact structure is made of soft skin-friendly material.

4. The thermal airflow protection article according to claim 3, characterized in that: The phase change material is n-eicosane, paraffin or its derivatives, and the polymer material is polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile or their copolymers.

5. The thermal airflow protection article according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane also includes an additive for enhancing thermal conductivity, and the additive is graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes or a combination thereof.

6. The thermal airflow protection article according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: The multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane is cross-linked to improve its water resistance and mechanical strength.

7. A method for preparing a multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane, used for preparing protective equipment with hot air flow cooling function, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Building a microfluidic electrospinning device, including an observation platform, a temperature control system and an electrospinning collection device, wherein the temperature control system can regulate and stabilize the temperature of the spinning environment; preparing a spinnable polymer solution as an external phase solution; A phase change material solution which is solid at room temperature is prepared as an internal phase solution; The external phase solution and the internal phase solution are respectively transported to the microfluidic chip to form a uniform monodisperse emulsion in the microfluidic chip. The emulsion generates an electric jet after a voltage is applied at the outlet needle, solidifies in the air and deposits on the wire collecting device to form a multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane. The multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane is composed of phase change material droplets wrapped by a polymer material, and can absorb heat through the phase change of the phase change material when the hot air flow passes through, thereby achieving cooling of the hot air flow; The preliminarily prepared multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane is post-treated to obtain a multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane that can be used for hot air flow cooling.

8. The method for preparing the multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane according to claim 7, characterized in that: The temperature control system can stabilize the spinning environment temperature at 55° C. to 70° C. to ensure the best fluidity and coating effect of the polymer solution and the phase change material solution.

9. The method for preparing the multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane according to claim 8, characterized in that: The post-treatment includes placing the multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane and the hydrobromic acid solution in a heating device for cross-linking treatment, and the temperature of the cross-linking treatment is 100° C. and the time is 3 minutes.

10. The method for preparing the multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane according to claim 8, characterized in that: After the multi-component micro-nano fiber membrane is prepared, its air permeability resistance is less than 220 Pa, which can ensure good air permeability.

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