Construction method of ship anchoring structure

Abstract

The invention discloses a ship anchoring structure construction method, which relates to the technical field of ship construction, and comprises the following steps: S1, anchoring structure form optimization; s2, subsection division and assemblage division of the anchor system are carried out; s3, the hawse pipe is assembled, machined and manufactured; s4, assigning a datum point line of the segmented anchor system; s5, drilling circular holes of a deck and an outer plate hawse pipe; s6, assembling and manufacturing the anchor table panel; s7, the lower-section hawse pipe assembly is separated into a large group; s8, assembling and pre-assembling the anchor deck panel; s9, an anchor table panel is assembled, and the anchor mouth tire is assembled in a lower-middle mode and then integrally assembled in a large mode; s10, assembling and installing the upper-section hawse pipe; and S11, the anchor chain pipe and other anchor system reinforcing parts are installed. According to the method, the anchoring structure form is optimized, the construction difficulty is reduced, and the construction safety is high; by reasonably dividing anchor system sections and assembling parallel construction, the section construction period can be shortened, flat welding is carried out on an anchor mouth under a tire, the welding quality can be effectively guaranteed, and assembling welding deformation is easier to control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ship construction, and in particular to a method for constructing a ship anchoring structure. Background Art

[0002] As a key system for fixing and stabilizing the position of a ship, the accuracy of its manufacture and installation is crucial to the safety and operating efficiency of the ship. The traditional method for manufacturing and installing anchor systems is to weld the anchor platform (including the anchor platform panel, skirt plate, internal bracket plate) and anchor chain tube into a whole and then assemble them. A temporary process hole is opened on the outer plate of the hull within the range of the anchor platform to weld the internal bracket plate and outer plate of the anchor platform, and the anchor lip casting is installed at high altitude on the assembly tire.

[0003] This installation method has the following problems: 1. The production and installation of the anchor structure is a single-line process, and the segmented production cycle is long; 2. During the welding process of the internal toggle plate and the outer plate of the anchor platform, it is necessary to open a temporary process hole in the outer plate to allow personnel to drill into the narrow space inside the anchor platform to work, which makes construction difficult and poses great safety risks; 3. The installation of the anchor lip is an aerial operation, which requires a large amount of overhead welding, low operating efficiency, and difficult to control welding deformation, and requires the auxiliary construction of a large number of scaffolding. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for constructing a ship anchoring structure, which reduces the construction difficulty and has high construction safety by optimizing the anchoring structure form; by reasonably dividing the anchoring segments and assembling them in parallel, the segment construction period can be shortened; the anchor lip is flat-welded under the tire, the welding quality can be effectively guaranteed, and the assembly welding deformation is easier to control.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is:

[0006] A method for constructing a ship anchoring structure comprises the following steps: S1: optimizing the anchoring structure form; including bracket design, weld groove optimization and anchor platform panel shape optimization; the bracket design comprises changing the bracket design form between the anchor platform skirt, anchor platform panel, anchor chain tube and hull outer plate so that they are arranged in pairs, wherein one bracket is welded to the anchor chain tube and the outer plate, and the other bracket is welded to the skirt plate and the anchor platform panel; the weld groove optimization comprises opening the corner groove of the anchor chain tube and the anchor platform panel, and the corner groove of the anchor platform skirt plate and the outer plate on the outer surface of the anchor platform; the anchor platform panel shape optimization comprises making the major axis of the elliptical surface of the anchor platform panel in the vertical plane of the hull, and the minor axis in the horizontal plane of the hull; S2: segmentation and assembly division of the anchoring system; dividing the anchoring system structure into a During segmentation, ensure the integrity of the structure; the anchor system structure is further divided into the anchor platform panel assembly and the anchor chain barrel assembly; the anchor chain barrel assembly is divided into two sections, namely the upper anchor chain barrel assembly and the lower anchor chain barrel assembly, and the break position between the upper anchor chain barrel assembly and the lower anchor chain barrel assembly is selected between the main deck and the forecastle deck; S3: Anchor chain barrel assembly processing and production; Cut and roll the anchor chain barrel assembly, and reserve processing allowance; Perform precision measurement during and after the production process; Mark the axis position and generatrix mark for subsequent positioning and installation; S4: Segment anchor system reference point line survey: The anchor system is constructed in segments, and after the tire plate is installed, secondary marking is performed; secondary marking includes surveying the segmented carrying network baseline, and surveying the forecastle deck and the ground. Mark the anchor reference point line; the anchor reference point line is the vertical projection line of the theoretical center line of the anchor chain barrel; after the relevant assembly and installation of the segmented outer plate and forecastle deck, the anchor reference point line at this position is surveyed and marked again on the outer plate and forecastle deck, and each anchor reference point line should be ensured to be in the same vertical plane; S5: Drilling of circular holes for anchor chain barrels on decks and outer plates: after the anchor reference point lines of the forecastle deck, main deck and outer plate are verified and qualified, the circular holes through which the anchor chain barrels pass are drilled; S6: Assembly and production of anchor platform panels: the anchor platform panels are assembled with the non-structural surface facing downward, and the anchor installation reference line of the anchor platform panels is surveyed and marked. It is built at the same time as the assembly of the lower section of the anchor chain barrel, and the corner joints between the anchor platform panels and the anchor chain barrel are only sealed, not welded; strictly control the installation position and angle deviation of the anchor chain barrel relative to the anchor platform panels, and complete Installation and welding of the internal bracket plate and skirt plate of the anchor platform; S7: Assembly and separation of the lower section of the anchor chain barrel: After the anchor platform panel assembly and the lower section of the anchor chain barrel assembly are completed in the same mold, the two assemblies are separated, and the lower section of the anchor chain barrel assembly is hoisted for assembly positioning. Only assembly is performed without welding. Welding is performed after the positioning accuracy of the anchor platform panel assembly pre-assembly is confirmed to be correct; S8: Anchor platform panel pre-assembly: The anchor platform panel assembly is hoisted and aligned with the lower section of the anchor chain barrel, and the skirt plate is trimmed according to the positioning measurement results; after the accuracy meets the requirements, the alignment line is surveyed and marked at the intersection of the non-structural surface of the anchor platform skirt plate and the outer plate, corresponding to the position of the internal bracket plate of the anchor platform; S9: The anchor platform panel assembly and the lower middle assembly of the anchor lip tire are assembled as a whole; It is divided into the anchor platform panel assembly and the lower middle assembly of the anchor lip tire and the anchor platform panel assembly and the anchor lip overall assembly;The assembly of the anchor platform panel and the lower and middle assembly of the anchor lip tire includes the lower tire after the pre-assembly of the anchor platform panel is completed, the flat tire is put on again with the non-structural surface facing up, the anchor lip is hoisted and installed on the anchor platform panel, the positioning welding work is completed, and the subsequent large assembly positioning reference line is surveyed and marked; the assembly of the anchor platform panel and the overall large assembly of the anchor lip includes the overall large assembly tire installation after the assembly of the anchor platform panel and the anchor lip is completed; S10: Assembly and installation of the upper section of the anchor chain barrel: the upper tire of the upper section of the anchor chain barrel is positioned, and the excess protruding from the forecastle deck is trimmed according to the positioning situation, and the welding work is completed after the positioning accuracy requirements are met; S11: Installation of anchor reinforcement:;

[0007] According to the installation drawing of segmented outfitting parts, check the center point of the anchor chain pipe opening and drill the hole, and complete the installation and welding of the anchor chain pipe in segments; install the anchor chain barrel reinforcement, anchor windlass reinforcement, and chain stopper reinforcement according to the structural drawing data.

[0008] After adopting the above structure, reasonable toggle plate design and weld groove optimization can reduce welding deformation and improve welding quality; and optimizing the shape of the anchor platform panel can make it easier to cooperate with components such as the anchor chain barrel and improve installation accuracy; reducing the overall construction difficulty, which is more conducive to the control of anchor system construction accuracy; at the same time, avoiding the opening of temporary process holes on the outer plate, personnel do not have to work in a small space, and the construction safety is high. Reasonable division of the anchor system segments can reduce high-altitude operations and reduce safety risks. At the same time, it is convenient for parallel construction and shortens the segment construction period. The anchor lip is flat welded under the tire, the welding quality can be effectively guaranteed, and the assembly welding deformation is easier to control.

[0009] Preferably, in S1, if a pair of brackets cannot be arranged due to structural space problems, a single bracket can be arranged according to the structural strength verification results; the brackets welded to the anchor skirt and anchor panel cannot be welded to the anchor chain tube or the hull outer plate at the same time; in S2, the outer plate part of the divided anchor system structure should have sufficient rigidity to avoid deformation of the segment due to the heavy weight of the anchor system structure; if the outer plate part is not rigid enough, the anchor system structure should be temporarily strengthened, and the strengthening should avoid affecting the subsequent assembly operation of the segment; the anchor panel assembly includes the anchor panel, the anchor skirt and the bracket welded to the skirt and panel; the anchor chain tube assembly is divided into two sections, and the fracture position is selected between the main deck and the forecastle deck; the lower section anchor chain tube assembly includes the anchor chain tube and the bracket welded to the anchor chain tube. Through the design of this structure, the brackets can be reasonably arranged, while ensuring the strength of the anchor system structure and facilitating the manufacture and assembly of the anchor chain tube.

[0010] In the S3, the end of each anchor chain barrel section needs to be installed with an axis marking tool, which is fixed to the barrel body of the anchor chain barrel by positioning welding. The axis marking tool is set on the side of the barrel wall where the busbar of each section of the anchor chain barrel is longer, and is located within the end margin line to avoid being cut off; one side of the axis marking tool is flush with the barrel diameter, and the axis is marked with a sample punch; the busbar marks marked on the barrel wall of the anchor chain barrel are divided into the shortest and longest busbars, which should be powder-sprayed during the CNC blanking stage of the wall panel. Before the anchor chain barrel is rolled, this line needs to be re-confirmed and marked, passing through the inner and outer barrel walls. After the anchor chain barrel is rolled, this busbar is confirmed and corrected again. The intersection line of the busbars on the oblique end face of the anchor chain barrel should be the long axis of the end face of the anchor chain barrel. Through this design, the busbar marks marked on the barrel wall of the anchor chain barrel are divided into the shortest and longest busbars, so as to perform precision control in the subsequent installation process.

[0011] Preferably, the anchor reference point line in S4 is surveyed and marked according to the anchor arrangement diagram of the special ship and the data information obtained by the hull modeling and lofting; the marking includes: the vertical projection line of the center line of the anchor chain tube on the deck structure surface, the non-structural surface and the ground, which are named L' line, L line and Y' line respectively; the cross line at the intersection point A of the anchor chain tube axis and the deck structure surface needs to be returned to the non-structural surface; the cross line at the intersection point B of the anchor chain tube center line and the deck structure surface, one of which is perpendicular to the L' line and needs to be returned to the non-structural surface; obtain the non-structural surface The structural surface passes through point B and is perpendicular to the L' line. After the overall linear shape of the outer plate is adjusted and inspected, the ground anchorage reference line Y' line is projected vertically onto the non-structural surface of the outer plate using a total station or theodolite, and the outer plate projection line Y line is drawn, passing through the outer plate. The Z value of the coordinates of point C, the center of the hole of the anchor chain barrel on the non-structural surface of the outer plate, is measured by the total station to find the position of point C on the Y line, and verify whether the X and Y coordinates of the point are the same as the theoretical values. If the deviation exceeds 3mm, the outer plate linear shape is corrected and the point is re-found until point C meets the requirements. The accuracy and consistency of the anchorage reference point line are ensured by marking, measuring and verifying.

[0012] Preferably, in said S5, the position of the center point D of the anchor chain barrel opening is found on the main deck according to the data of the segmented structure diagram, and a temporary semicircular hole with a diameter of 200 mm is opened with points B, C and D as the center of the circle respectively, and a steel wire is pulled from point C to point B, and the angle β between the steel wire and the vertical line is measured and verified by a total station. Compared with the theoretical value, the deviation is ≤0.05°, and point D is located on the steel wire line. If the requirements are not met, the positions of the center point D of the anchor chain barrel opening on the upper deck and the center point C of the outer plate opening need to be corrected, and point C is always located on the Y line; after the above requirements are met, the anchor chain barrel is opened on the forecastle deck, main deck, and outer plate through holes with points B, C and D as the center of the circle using an opening template or sample box. Precision control is performed by pulling steel wires, measuring angles, etc. to ensure the accuracy of the opening position.

[0013] Preferably, in said S6, when the anchor platform is assembled and manufactured, the theoretical inner circle long axis K' line and the short axis marking line M' line of the structural surface of the anchor platform panel are checked and corrected according to the segmented structural diagram, and the long axis of the structural surface of the anchor platform panel is marked back to the non-structural surface to obtain the theoretical inner circle long axis K line of the non-structural surface, and the position of the theoretical short axis M line of the inner circle of the non-structural surface of the anchor platform panel is determined and marked according to the installation position and installation angle of the anchor chain barrel relative to the anchor platform panel and the thickness of the anchor platform panel; pay attention to the marking deviation of the theoretical short axis of the inner circle of the structural surface and the non-structural surface of the anchor platform panel; mark the intersection of the K line and the M line on the non-structural surface with a tool, that is, the intersection point E of the axis of the anchor chain barrel on the non-structural surface of the anchor platform panel; after the marking of the anchor platform panel is confirmed, the non-structural surface K line and the M line are vertically reversed to the thickness position of the outer circle of the anchor platform panel, a total of four places, and sample punching marks are made; the K' line is vertically reversed with a theodolite or a total station Draw the ground line R on the ground for installation and positioning of the lower anchor chain barrel; after assembly and welding, draw the R line vertically back to the skirt board to obtain the K” line; hoist the lower anchor chain barrel onto the tire and match it with the anchor platform panel to meet the following positioning requirements: ① Pull the steel wire on the axis point marked by the axis mark tooling on the upper and lower ends of the lower anchor chain barrel. The steel wire must pass through the axis point E marked by the axis mark tooling on the non-structural surface of the anchor platform panel, with a deviation of ≤1mm; ② Align the lower end face of the anchor chain barrel with the anchor platform panel according to the data of the segmented structure drawing, and pay attention to controlling the end difference between the inner and outer edges of the lower end face of the anchor chain barrel and the inner circle of the anchor platform panel, with a deviation of ≤2mm, and pay attention to taking into account the machining allowance of the inner circle of the anchor chain barrel; ③ Hang a plumb bob at the edge of the long axis generatrix at the upper end of the anchor chain barrel, and align the plumb bob with the ground line R, with a deviation of ≤1mm; ④ Use a total station to measure the angle α between the long axis generatrix of the anchor chain barrel and the K' line of the anchor platform panel, and compare it with the theoretical value, with a deviation of ≤0.05°.

[0014] Preferably, in said S7, the positioning accuracy of the assembly of the lower anchor chain barrel is controlled according to the following requirements: ① the inner bracket of the vertical plane of the anchor centerline is aligned with the outer plate line Y line, and the alignment deviation is ≤1mm; ② the steel wire is pulled from the center point of the center mark tooling at the lower end of the lower anchor chain barrel to the forecastle deck point B to check the concentricity of the steel wire and the inner wall of the upper end of the lower anchor chain barrel, and the deviation is ≤3mm; ③ the coordinates of the center point of the center mark tooling on the end face of the lower anchor chain barrel and the points corresponding to the lower opening of the outer wall of the lower anchor chain barrel and the major and minor axes are measured with a total station, and the obtained coordinates are compared with the theoretical values, requiring the horizontal position deviation of the center point of the center mark tooling to be ≤1mm, the vertical position deviation to be ≤6mm, and the position deviation of the remaining measuring points to be ≤6mm; ④ the deviation of the angle between the pulled steel wire rope in ② and the vertical line and the theoretical value is measured with a total station, and the deviation is ≤0.05°.

[0015] Preferably, in said S8, when the anchor panel is pre-assembled, the positioning accuracy is controlled according to the following requirements: ① The anchor panel is correctly fitted with the lower end face of the lower anchor chain barrel; ② Use a total station or theodolite to check that the non-structural surface K line of the anchor panel and the hull outer plate line Y line are in the same vertical plane, with a deviation of ≤6mm; ③ Use a total station to check the horizontality of the anchor panel line M line, with a deviation of ≤3mm; ④ Use a total station to measure the coordinates of the center point of the anchor chain barrel center positioning tooling of the non-structural surface of the anchor panel, the intersection of the outer circle of the non-structural surface of the panel and the major axis, and the intersection of the outer circle of the non-structural surface of the panel and the minor axis, and compare the obtained coordinates with the theoretical value, with a deviation of ≤6mm, and give priority to ensuring the accuracy of the center point. Accuracy adjustment and correction are carried out by means of splitting, pre-assembly, etc., to provide convenience for subsequent overall assembly.

[0016] Preferably, in S9, the anchor lip positioning method is as follows: hoist the anchor lip for assembly, paying attention to the installation direction of the anchor lip; positioning is performed according to the long and short axis marks marked on the anchor platform panel and the anchor lip, requiring that the alignment deviation of the long and short axis marks on the outer surface of the anchor lip and the long and short axis at the corresponding position on the anchor platform panel is ≤2mm, and at the same time, the inner and outer circles of the anchor lip are consistent with the inner and outer circles of the anchor platform panel; after the anchor lip is positioned, welding is performed according to relevant welding process requirements; after the anchor lip is welded, the trimming amount of the inner and outer circles of the anchor platform panel can be trimmed and polished, and the trimming amount at the intersection of the long and short axes of the outer circle of the anchor platform panel and the non-structural surface of the panel is retained, and trimming and smoothing are performed after the anchor platform panel is assembled and the anchor lip is positioned for the second time; the line K" on the skirt is extended and vertically marked to the outer surface of the anchor lip;

[0017] The assembly method and accuracy requirements for the positioning of the anchor platform panel and the overall assembly of the anchor lip are as follows: ① The anchor platform panel is correctly fitted with the lower end face of the lower anchor chain barrel, the skirt plate is correctly fitted with the outer plate, and the alignment lines set on the anchor platform skirt plate and the outer plate are correctly aligned, with a deviation of ≤1mm; ② Use a total station or theodolite to check that the K" line and the outer plate line Y marked on the outer surface of the anchor lip are in the same vertical plane, with a deviation of ≤6mm; ③ Use a total station to measure the coordinates of the intersection of the outer circle of the non-structural surface of the anchor platform panel and the long axis K, and the intersection of the outer circle of the non-structural surface of the panel and the short axis M, and compare the obtained coordinates with the theoretical values, with an error of ≤6mm.

[0018] Preferably, in said S10, the positioning method and accuracy requirements of the upper anchor chain barrel are as follows: ① The upper and lower anchor chain barrels are accurately butted, with the misalignment of ≤3mm, and the gap value of the butt joint is adjusted to meet the welding requirements; ② The upper end margin of the upper anchor chain barrel is trimmed to be flush with the non-structural surface of the forecastle deck, and steel wires are pulled along the lines L and N on the non-structural surface of the forecastle deck, and the distance from the intersection of the steel wires to the inner wall of the anchor chain barrel along the direction of the steel wire is measured, and compared with the theoretical value data, the deviation is ≤2mm. By strictly controlling the positioning accuracy, trimming amount, measuring coordinates and other means, the installation accuracy and matching accuracy of components such as the assembly of the anchor platform panel, the assembly of the lower anchor chain barrel, and the anchor lip are ensured.

[0019] After adopting the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0020] The invention provides a method for constructing a ship anchoring structure, which solves the technical problems of the prior art ship anchoring structure construction method, which has a long production period, is relatively difficult, involves many high-altitude operations, and is difficult to control precision. The invention reduces the construction difficulty and has high construction safety by optimizing the anchoring structure form. The segmented construction period can be shortened by reasonably dividing the anchoring segments and assembling and constructing them in parallel. The anchor lip is flat-welded under the tire, the welding quality can be effectively guaranteed, and the assembly welding deformation is easier to control. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of optimizing the bracket design form of a ship anchoring structure construction method according to the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of anchor structure groove optimization of a ship anchor structure construction method according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of optimizing the positions of the long and short axes of the anchor platform panel of a method for constructing a ship anchoring structure according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of segmentation of an anchor structure of a ship anchor structure construction method according to the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of an anchor platform panel assembly of an anchor structure of a ship anchor structure construction method according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of an upper anchor chain barrel assembly of an anchor structure of a ship anchor structure construction method according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of a lower anchor chain barrel group of an anchor structure of a ship anchor structure construction method according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 It is a front view of the addition of an axial tooling at the end of the anchor chain barrel in a method for constructing a ship anchor system structure according to the present invention;

[0029] Fig. 9 for Figure 8 A-direction view;

[0030] Fig.10 for Fig. 9 DET.1 view in the middle;

[0031] Fig.11The invention discloses a schematic diagram of surveying and drawing forecastle deck structural surface and ground anchorage reference point lines in a method for constructing a ship anchorage structure involved in the present invention.

[0032] Fig.12 The invention discloses a schematic diagram of surveying and drawing anchor reference points and lines on a non-structural surface of a forecastle deck in a method for constructing a ship anchor structure.

[0033] Fig.13 The present invention is a schematic diagram of surveying and drawing anchor reference points and lines on the non-structural surface of an outer plate of a ship anchor structure construction method.

[0034] Fig.14 The present invention is a schematic diagram of measuring and confirming the center points of through holes of anchor chain barrels on each deck and outer plate of a ship anchor system structure construction method.

[0035] Fig.15 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the setting of the anchorage reference line survey and non-structural surface axis point marking tooling for the anchor platform panel of a ship anchorage structure construction method involved in the present invention.

[0036] Fig.16 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the minor axis marking deviation principle of the structural surface and non-structural surface of the anchor platform panel of a ship anchor system structure construction method involved in the present invention.

[0037] Fig.17 The present invention is a schematic diagram of positioning the lower anchor chain barrel of a ship anchor system structure construction method.

[0038] Fig.18 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the installation of brackets and skirts and the reverse marking of skirts in a method for constructing a ship anchoring structure.

[0039] Fig.19 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the assembly and disassembly of the lower anchor chain barrel and the anchor platform panel of a ship anchoring structure construction method.

[0040] Fig. 20 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the assembly and positioning of a lower anchor chain barrel in a method for building a ship anchor system structure.

[0041] Fig.21 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the pre-assembly and positioning of an anchor platform panel in a method for constructing a ship anchoring structure.

[0042] Fig. 22 The present invention discloses a schematic diagram of skirt plate and outer plate alignment line survey for a ship anchoring structure construction method.

[0043] Fig.23 The invention discloses a schematic diagram of anchor lip size inspection and major and minor axis reverse lines of a ship anchoring structure construction method.

[0044] Fig.24 The present invention is a schematic diagram of assembling an anchor platform panel and an anchor lip tire upper and middle assembly in a method for constructing a ship anchoring structure.

[0045] Fig.25 The present invention is a schematic diagram of anchor lip installation and positioning in a method for constructing a ship anchoring structure.

[0046] Fig.26 The present invention is a schematic diagram of assembling an anchor platform panel and positioning an anchor lip as a whole in a method for constructing a ship anchoring structure.

[0047] Fig. 27 The present invention is a schematic diagram of positioning an upper anchor chain barrel in a method for constructing a ship anchoring structure.

[0048] In the figure, 1, bracket, 2, anchor chain barrel, 3, outer plate, 4, skirt plate, 5, anchor platform panel, 6, anchor lip, 7, first corner bevel, 8, second corner bevel, 9, forecastle deck, 10, main deck, 12, upper anchor chain barrel assembly, 121, upper anchor chain barrel, 13, lower anchor chain barrel assembly, 131, lower anchor chain barrel, 14, axis marking tooling, 15, anti-collapse support tooling, 16, steel wire. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0050] The orientations mentioned in this specification are based on the orientations of the ship anchoring structure construction method of the present invention during normal operation, and are not limited to the orientations during storage and transportation. They only represent relative positional relationships, not absolute positional relationships.

[0051] A method for constructing a ship anchoring structure comprises the following steps:

[0052] S1: Optimization of anchor structure.

[0053] In the detailed design stage, the anchor system structure is optimized, including the change of the bracket design form, specifically, the bracket design form between the anchor skirt, anchor face plate, anchor chain tube, and hull outer plate is changed to arrange them in pairs and weld them to different structural components respectively. Figure 1 As shown, one bracket 1 is welded to the anchor chain tube 2 and the outer plate 3, and the other bracket 1 is welded to the skirt plate 4 and the anchor platform panel 5. The bracket 1 welded to the skirt plate 4 and the anchor platform panel 5 cannot be welded to the anchor chain tube 2 or the outer plate 3 at the same time. If a pair of brackets 1 cannot be arranged due to structural space problems, a single bracket 1 can also be arranged according to the structural strength verification results.

[0054] like Figure 2As shown, the structural weld groove is optimized so that the first corner groove 7 between the anchor chain tube 2 and the anchor platform panel 5 and the second corner groove 8 between the anchor platform skirt plate 4 and the outer plate 3 are all opened on the outer surface of the anchor platform, which is convenient for welding and quality control.

[0055] like Figure 3 As shown, the shape of the anchor platform panel 5 is optimized so that the major axis of the elliptical surface of the anchor platform panel 5 is in the vertical plane of the hull and the minor axis is in the horizontal plane of the hull, thereby improving the structural stability and the use effect.

[0056] S2: Anchorage segmentation and assembly division.

[0057] like Figure 4 As shown, the anchor structure is divided into one section when the sections are divided. Normally, the anchor structure spans the forecastle deck 9 and the main deck 10 of the ship. The anchor chain barrel 2 passes through the forecastle deck 9 and the main deck 10 and then passes through the outer plate below the main deck 10. When the sections are divided, the outer plate 3 and the anchor structure related to the main deck 10 are dug out as a whole and brought to the forecastle deck 9 section to ensure the integrity of the anchor structure. The divided outer plate 3 part of the anchor structure should have sufficient rigidity to avoid deformation of the sections due to the heavy weight of the anchor structure. If necessary, the anchor structure should be temporarily strengthened, and the strengthening should avoid affecting the subsequent assembly operation of the sections. When dividing the sections, the deck layer spanned by the anchor structure is considered, and the relevant parts are dug out as a whole and brought to the specific sections. The anchor structure is further divided into the anchor table panel assembly and the anchor chain barrel assembly for easy construction and management.

[0058] like Figure 5 As shown, the anchor platform panel assembly includes an anchor platform panel 5, a skirt plate 4, and a bracket 1 welded between the skirt plate and the anchor platform panel 5. Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown in the figure, the anchor chain barrel assembly is divided into two sections, namely, the upper anchor chain barrel assembly 12 and the lower anchor chain barrel assembly 13, so that the anchor chain barrel assembly can be manufactured and inserted into the anchor chain barrel openings of the outer plate 3, the main deck 10 and the forecastle deck 9 respectively, and the break position is selected between the main deck 10 and the forecastle deck 9. The upper anchor chain barrel assembly 12 includes an upper anchor chain barrel 121; the lower anchor chain barrel assembly 13 includes a lower anchor chain barrel 131 and a bracket 1 welded to the lower anchor chain barrel 131.

[0059] S3: Processing and manufacturing of anchor chain tube.

[0060] The anchor chain barrel is cut and rolled according to the curved processing capacity of the shipyard equipment. When the anchor chain barrel 2 is cut, a certain processing allowance is left at the end of the forecastle deck 9 so that it can be trimmed according to the positioning of the barrel during the assembly stage. During and after the production of the anchor chain barrel 2, the production accuracy of the anchor chain barrel 2 needs to be measured to meet the completion standard. The processing accuracy requirements of the anchor chain barrel are as follows: inner circumference tolerance ≤5mm; ovality tolerance ≤5mm; straightness deviation ≤3mm; diameter tolerance ≤2mm; pipe end flatness deviation ≤2mm; the major and minor axis size deviations of the elliptical inner circle formed at the lower end of the cylinder (no allowance end) are ≤3mm.

[0061] like Figure 8 , Fig. 9 and Fig.10 As shown in the figure, the two ends of the anchor chain barrel 2 need to be provided with an axis marking tool 14 to clearly mark the axis position. The axis marking tool 14 needs to be installed at the end of each section of the anchor chain barrel; the axis marking tool 14 can be made of angle steel and fixed with the anchor chain barrel 2 by positioning welding. The angle steel is set on the side of the barrel wall where the busbar of each section of the anchor chain barrel is longer, and is located within the end margin line to avoid being cut off. One side of the angle steel is flush with the barrel diameter, and the axis is marked with a sample punch. At the same time, the sample punch marks the shortest and longest busbars on the barrel wall of the anchor chain barrel. The shortest and longest busbars marked on the barrel wall of the anchor chain barrel should be powder-sprayed during the CNC blanking stage of the wall panel. Before the anchor chain barrel is rolled, this line needs to be re-confirmed and marked, and it runs through the inner and outer barrel walls. After the anchor chain barrel is rolled, this busbar is confirmed and corrected again. The intersection line of the busbars at the beveled end face of the anchor chain barrel should be the long axis of the end face of the anchor chain barrel, with a deviation of less than 2mm.

[0062] S4: Survey and demarcation of segmented anchorage benchmark points and lines.

[0063] The anchor system is constructed in sections with active tire support. The tire needs to be supported according to the data of the segmented beam arch and ridge arc, and the height change of the tire caused by the plate thickness difference needs to be considered. After the tire plate is installed, before the secondary marking, all the tire plates are spliced ​​and welded. The main dimensions (length, width, diagonal) of the panels are checked to ensure that they meet the accuracy requirements of the corresponding segmented panel shape preservation drawing. After the tire plate panel is inspected and qualified, the four corners should be sealed to prevent the tire position from moving during the subsequent assembly process. The secondary marking includes surveying and marking the segmented carrying network baseline, as well as surveying and marking the anchor system reference point line on the forecastle deck and the ground. The anchor system baseline is the vertical projection line of the theoretical center line of the anchor chain barrel;

[0064] The anchor reference line is surveyed and marked according to the anchor arrangement diagram of the special ship and the data information obtained from the hull modeling and lofting. The markings should include: the vertical projection lines of the center line of the anchor chain barrel on the deck structure surface, non-structural surface and the ground, named L' line, L line and Y' line respectively. The cross line at the intersection of the anchor chain pipe axis and the deck structure surface, point A, needs to be marked back to the non-structural surface. The cross line at the intersection of the center line of the anchor chain barrel and the deck structure surface, point B, one of the cross lines is perpendicular to the L' line, and needs to be marked back to the non-structural surface. Obtain the N line on the non-structural surface that passes through point B and is perpendicular to the L' line. The above-mentioned markings must pass through the deck surface to ensure that the lines are clear and durable, and the marking deviation is ≤1mm. See the survey of anchor reference points and lines on the deck and the ground for details. Fig.11 , Fig.12 Each anchor reference line point should be ensured to be in the same vertical plane to provide an accurate reference for subsequent installation.

[0065] like Fig.13 As shown in the figure, after the relevant assemblies of the block outer plate and forecastle deck are installed, the overall linear shape of the outer plate is adjusted and inspected to be qualified, the anchor reference point line at this position is surveyed and marked again on the outer plate and forecastle deck, and the ground anchor reference line Y' line is vertically projected onto the non-structural surface of the outer plate using a total station or theodolite, and the outer plate projection line Y line is marked, which passes through the outer plate, and the return line deviation is ≤1mm. The Z value of the coordinate of the center point C of the hole of the anchor chain barrel on the non-structural surface of the outer plate is measured by the total station to find the position of point C on the Y line, and verify whether the X and Y coordinates of the point are the same as the theoretical values. If the deviation exceeds 3mm, the outer plate linear shape is corrected and the point is found again until point C meets the requirements.

[0066] S5: Circular openings of anchor chain cylinders on deck and outer plating.

[0067] After the anchor reference point lines of the forecastle deck, main deck and outer plate have been calibrated and passed, the circular hole through which the anchor chain barrel passes is opened.

[0068] like Fig.14 As shown, find the position of the anchor chain barrel opening center point D on the main deck according to the block structure diagram data, and make a temporary semicircular hole with a diameter of 200mm with points B, C and D as the center of the circle, pull the steel wire from point C to point B, and use a total station to measure and verify the angle β between the steel wire and the vertical line. Compared with the theoretical value, the deviation is ≤0.05°, and point D is located on the steel wire line. If the requirements are not met, the position of the anchor chain barrel opening center point D on the upper deck and the outer plate opening center point C needs to be corrected (note that point C should always be located on line Y). After meeting the above requirements, use a hole template or sample box with points B, C and D as the center of the circle to open the anchor chain barrel 2 in the forecastle deck 9, main deck 10, and outer plate 3.

[0069] S6: Anchor platform assembly and production.

[0070] The upper end surface of the anchor platform assembly frame needs to be leveled, with a horizontal deviation of ≤1mm. The non-structural surface of the anchor platform panel 5 faces downward, and the four corners are sealed after the tire is installed. When the anchor platform panel 5 is set, a 5mm cutting margin is left on the inner circle. CNC powder spraying is performed on the long axis and short axis of the theoretical inner circle of the panel on the structural surface of the anchor platform panel 5. Fig.15 and Fig.16 As shown in the figure, when the anchor platform is assembled and manufactured, the K' line and the M' line of the theoretical inner circle long axis of the structural surface of the anchor platform panel 5 are checked and corrected according to the segmented structural diagram, and the long axis of the structural surface of the anchor platform panel 5 is returned to the non-structural surface to obtain the K line of the theoretical inner circle long axis of the non-structural surface, and the M line of the theoretical inner circle short axis of the non-structural surface of the anchor platform panel 5 is calculated according to the installation position and installation angle of the anchor chain barrel 2 relative to the anchor platform panel 5 and the thickness of the anchor platform panel 5, and the position of the M line of the theoretical inner circle short axis of the non-structural surface of the anchor platform panel 5 is determined and marked, and the marking deviation of the theoretical inner circle short axis of the structural surface and the non-structural surface of the anchor platform panel 5 is noted. After the marking of the anchor platform panel 5 is confirmed, the K line and the M line of the non-structural surface are vertically reversed to the plate thickness position of the outer circle of the anchor platform panel 5, a total of four places, and the sample punching marks are made. The intersection of the K line and the M line is marked on the non-structural surface with a tool, that is, the intersection point E of the anchor chain barrel axis on the non-structural surface of the anchor platform panel 5. Use a theodolite or total station to vertically reverse the K' line to the ground to draw the ground line R line, which is used for the installation and positioning of the lower anchor chain barrel.

[0071] The anchor table panel is assembled at the same time as the lower anchor chain barrel. The lower anchor chain barrel 131 is hoisted and assembled with the anchor table panel 5. Note that the anti-collapse support tooling 15 is added. The corner joint between the anchor table panel 5 and the lower anchor chain barrel 131 is only sealed and not welded. Strictly control the installation position and angle deviation of the lower anchor chain barrel 131 relative to the anchor table panel 5, such as Fig.17 As shown, the following positioning requirements are met:

[0072] ① Pull the steel wire 16 on the axis point marked by the axis mark tool 14 on the upper and lower ends of the lower anchor chain tube 131. The steel wire 16 needs to pass through the axis point E marked by the axis mark tool 14 on the non-structural surface of the anchor platform panel 5, with a deviation of ≤1mm.

[0073] ② The lower end face of the lower anchor chain tube 131 is aligned with the anchor platform panel 5 according to the data of the segmented structure diagram. Pay attention to controlling the end difference between the inner and outer edges of the lower end face of the lower anchor chain tube 131 and the inner circle of the anchor platform panel 5. The deviation is ≤2mm. Pay attention to taking into account the machining allowance of the inner circle of the lower anchor chain tube 131.

[0074] ③ Hang a plumb bob on the edge of the long axis generatrix (which has been surveyed when the anchor chain tube is assembled and manufactured, see step 3 for details) at the upper end of the lower anchor chain tube 131, and align the plumb bob with the ground wire R, with a deviation of ≤1mm.

[0075] ④ Use a total station to measure the angle α between the anchor chain tube long axis generatrix (which has been surveyed when the anchor chain tube is assembled and manufactured, see step 3 for details) and the K' line on the anchor platform panel 5, and compare it with the theoretical value. The deviation is ≤0.05°.

[0076] like Fig.18 As shown, the anchor panel is installed according to the structural drawing data to assemble the internal bracket 1 and skirt 4, and the installation angle and installation position of the bracket 1 are controlled; after the assembly welding is completed, the R line is vertically reversed to the skirt to obtain the K" line.

[0077] S7: The lower section of the anchor chain barrel is assembled and separated into a large group.

[0078] like Fig.19 As shown, after the anchor table panel assembly and the lower section anchor chain barrel assembly are manufactured together, the two assemblies are separated, and the lower section anchor chain barrel assembly is hoisted for large-scale assembly positioning. Only assembly is performed without welding. Welding is performed after the pre-large-scale assembly positioning accuracy of the anchor table panel assembly is confirmed to be correct.

[0079] like Fig. 20 As shown in the figure, the positioning accuracy of the lower anchor chain barrel assembly is controlled according to the following requirements:

[0080] ① The inner bracket 1 on the vertical plane of the anchor centerline is aligned with the outer plate line Y, and the alignment deviation is ≤1mm.

[0081] ② Pull the steel wire 16 from the center point of the axis marking tooling 14 at the lower end of the lower anchor chain barrel 131 (installed when the anchor chain barrel is assembled) to point B on the forecastle deck to check the concentricity of the steel wire 16 and the inner wall of the upper end of the lower anchor chain barrel 131. The deviation is ≤3mm.

[0082] ③ Use a total station to measure the coordinate values ​​of the center point of the end face axis mark tooling 14 of the lower section anchor chain tube 131 and the points corresponding to the lower opening of the outer wall of the lower section anchor chain tube 131 and the major and minor axes, and compare the obtained coordinates with the theoretical values. It is required that the horizontal position deviation of the center point of the center mark tooling is ≤1mm, the vertical position deviation is ≤6mm, and the position deviation of the remaining measuring points is ≤6mm.

[0083] ④ Use a total station to measure the deviation between the angle between the steel wire 16 pulled in ② and the vertical line and the theoretical value, and the deviation is ≤0.05° (as a verification condition).

[0084] S8: Anchor panel assembly pre-assembly:

[0085] The anchor platform panel is assembled (excluding the anchor lip 6) and hoisted to align with the lower anchor chain tube 131, and the skirt plate is trimmed according to the positioning measurement results.

[0086] like Fig.21 As shown, when the anchor panel is pre-assembled, the positioning accuracy is controlled according to the following requirements:

[0087] ① The anchor platform panel 5 is correctly fitted with the lower end surface of the lower anchor chain tube 131.

[0088] ② Use a total station or theodolite to check that the non-structural surface K line of the anchor platform panel and the hull outer plate line Y line are in the same vertical plane, with a deviation of ≤6mm.

[0089] ③ Use a total station to check the horizontality of the M line of the anchor panel, and the deviation should be ≤3mm.

[0090] ④ Use a total station to measure the coordinates of the center point of the anchor chain tube center positioning tooling on the non-structural surface of the anchor platform panel, the intersection point of the outer circle of the non-structural surface of the panel (untrimmed) and the major axis, and the intersection point of the outer circle of the non-structural surface of the panel (untrimmed) and the minor axis. Compare the obtained coordinates with the theoretical values. The deviation is ≤6mm, and the accuracy of the center point is prioritized.

[0091] After the skirt plate of the anchor platform panel is assembled and trimmed, and the accuracy meets the requirements, the alignment line is marked at the intersection of the anchor platform skirt plate and the non-structural surface of the outer plate. 6 to 8 points are marked in a week, corresponding to the position of the bracket 1 inside the anchor platform, providing a reference for subsequent installation.

[0092] like Fig. 22 As shown, the skirt plate of the anchor platform panel assembly has been trimmed and cut, and after the precision positioning is qualified, it is lifted off the large assembly to complete the welding of the lower section of the anchor chain barrel assembly.

[0093] S9: Assemble the anchor platform panel and the anchor lip tire lower middle assembly and then the whole assembly.

[0094] It is divided into an anchor platform panel assembly and an anchor lip tire lower middle assembly and the anchor platform panel assembly and anchor lip overall assembly;

[0095] Among them, the assembly of the anchor platform panel and the lower and middle assembly of the anchor lip tire include the lower tire after the pre-large assembly of the anchor platform panel is completed, the flat tire is put on again with the non-structural surface facing up, the anchor lip is hoisted and installed on the anchor platform panel, the positioning welding work is completed, and the positioning reference line of the subsequent large assembly is surveyed and marked.

[0096] Specifically: Fig.23 As shown, after the arrival of the anchor lip 6, the long axis and short axis of the inner ring of the anchor lip 6 are pulled out according to the long axis and short axis marks of the inner ring of the anchor lip 6 (marked on the bottom surface of the anchor lip when it arrives), and the long and short axis sizes and position deviations are checked. If the deviation is ≥ 2mm, it needs to be corrected, and the long and short axes are extended and reversely marked on the outer surfaces of the inner and outer rings of the anchor lip 6.

[0097] After the pre-assembly of the anchor platform panel is completed, it is hoisted off the large assembly and placed on the flat tire again with the non-structural surface facing upwards. The upper surface of the tire frame needs to be leveled, and the anchor platform panel is sealed after it is assembled and placed on the tire.

[0098] like Fig.24 As shown, install the anchor lip onto the tire and pay attention to the installation direction of the anchor lip.

[0099] The anchor lip 6 is positioned according to the following positioning method: Fig.25As shown, positioning is performed according to the long and short axis marks marked on the anchor panel and the anchor lip 6. The alignment deviation between the long and short axis marks on the outer surface of the anchor lip 6 and the long and short axis at the corresponding position on the anchor panel is required to be ≤2mm, and the inner and outer circles of the anchor lip are consistent with the inner and outer circles of the anchor panel 5. After the anchor lip 6 is positioned, welding is performed according to the relevant welding process requirements. After the anchor lip 6 is welded, the trimming amount of the inner and outer circles of the anchor panel can be trimmed and polished. The trimming amount at the intersection of the long and short axes of the outer circle of the anchor panel and the non-structural surface of the panel is retained, and trimming and smoothing are performed after the anchor panel is assembled and the anchor lip is positioned for the second time. Extend the line K" on the skirt board and mark it vertically to the outer surface of the anchor lip 6.

[0100] The anchor lip 6 is hoisted and installed on the anchor platform panel 5, the positioning welding work is completed, and the subsequent large group positioning reference line is surveyed and marked.

[0101] Among them, the anchor platform panel assembly and the anchor lip overall assembly include the installation of the overall assembly after the anchor platform panel assembly and the anchor lip assembly are completed to ensure the integrity and stability of the structure.

[0102] like Fig.26 As shown, the positioning method and accuracy requirements for the assembly of the anchor platform panel and the anchor lip 6 are as follows:

[0103] ① The anchor platform panel 5 is correctly fitted with the lower end face of the lower anchor chain tube 131, the skirt plate 4 is correctly fitted with the outer plate 3, and the alignment lines set on the anchor platform skirt plate 4 and the outer plate 3 are correctly aligned, with a deviation of ≤1mm.

[0104] ② Use a total station or theodolite to check that the K” line and the outer plate line Y line drawn on the outer surface of the anchor lip 6 are in the same vertical plane, with a deviation of ≤6mm.

[0105] ③ Use a total station to measure the coordinates of the intersection of the outer circle of the non-structural surface of the anchor panel and the long axis K line (uncut part), and the intersection of the outer circle of the non-structural surface of the panel and the short axis M line (uncut part), and compare the obtained coordinates with the theoretical values. The error is ≤6mm.

[0106] S10: Assemble and install the upper section of the anchor chain barrel.

[0107] The upper anchor chain tube 121 is positioned on the tire, and the margin protruding from the forecastle deck 9 is trimmed according to the positioning situation, and the welding work is completed after the positioning accuracy requirement is met.

[0108] like Fig. 27 As shown, the positioning method and accuracy requirements for the upper anchor chain barrel are as follows:

[0109] ① The upper and lower anchor chain barrels are accurately butted together, with the misalignment ≤3mm. Pay attention to adjusting the gap value of the butt joint to meet the welding requirements.

[0110] ② The upper end of the upper anchor chain barrel is trimmed and cut to be flush with the non-structural surface of the forecastle deck. Steel wires are pulled along lines L and N on the non-structural surface of the forecastle deck. The distance from the intersection of the steel wires to the inner wall of the anchor chain barrel along the direction of the steel wires is measured and compared with the theoretical value data. The deviation is ≤2mm.

[0111] S11: Installation of anchor chain pipe and other anchor reinforcements:

[0112] According to the installation drawing of the block outfitting parts, check the position of the center point A of the anchor chain pipe opening and open the hole, and complete the installation and welding of the anchor chain pipe in the block stage. Install the anchor chain tube reinforcement, anchor windlass reinforcement, and chain stopper reinforcement according to the structural drawing data. The lower reinforcement of the chain stopper is only tack welded in the block stage, and the welding is adjusted according to the position of the chain stopper in the closing stage. Other reinforcements are welded in the block stage.

[0113] This method reduces the overall construction difficulty by optimizing the anchor system structure, which is more conducive to the control of anchor system construction accuracy. At the same time, it avoids opening temporary process holes on the outer plate, and personnel do not have to work in a small space, which increases the construction safety. The anchor system is reasonably divided into sections and assembled in parallel, which can shorten the section construction period. The anchor lip is flat welded under the tire, which can effectively guarantee the welding quality and make the assembly welding deformation easier to control.

[0114] Of course, the above description is not a limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples. Changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by technicians in this technical field within the essential scope of the present invention should also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a ship anchoring structure, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Anchorage structure optimization, including bracket design, weld groove optimization and anchorage panel shape optimization; The bracket design includes changing the bracket design form between the anchor platform skirt plate, anchor platform face plate, anchor chain tube and hull outer plate so that they are arranged in pairs, one bracket is welded to the anchor chain tube and outer plate, and the other bracket is welded to the skirt plate and anchor platform face plate; The weld groove optimization includes opening the corner grooves of the anchor chain tube and the anchor platform panel, and the corner grooves of the anchor platform skirt and the outer plate on the outer surface of the anchor platform; The shape optimization of the anchor platform panel includes making the major axis of the elliptical surface of the anchor platform panel in the vertical plane of the hull and the minor axis in the horizontal plane of the hull; S2: Anchorage segmentation and assembly division; Divide the anchor structure into a section to ensure the integrity of the structure; the anchor structure is further divided into an anchor platform panel assembly and an anchor chain barrel assembly; The anchor chain barrel assembly is divided into two sections, namely an upper anchor chain barrel assembly and a lower anchor chain barrel assembly, and the break position between the upper anchor chain barrel assembly and the lower anchor chain barrel assembly is selected between the main deck and the forecastle deck; S3: Assembly and processing of anchor chain barrel; Cut and roll the anchor chain barrel assembly, leaving processing allowance; perform precision measurement during and after the production process; mark the axis position and generatrix mark to facilitate subsequent positioning and installation; S4: Survey and demarcation of segmented anchorage benchmark points and lines: The anchor system is constructed in sections and then the secondary marking is carried out after the tire plate is installed. The secondary marking includes surveying the section-by-section carrying network reference line and surveying the anchor system reference point line on the forecastle deck and the ground. The anchor system reference point line is the vertical projection line of the theoretical center line of the anchor chain barrel. After the relevant assemblies of the block outer plating and forecastle deck are installed, the anchor reference point lines at this position are re-marked on the outer plating and forecastle deck. Each anchor reference point line is to be ensured to be in the same vertical plane; S5: Opening holes for anchor chain cylinders on deck and outer plate: After the anchor reference points of forecastle deck, main deck and outer plating are checked and qualified, the circular holes through which the anchor chain barrels pass are opened; S6: Anchor panel assembly and production: The anchor platform panel is assembled with the non-structural surface facing downwards, and the anchor system installation reference line of the anchor platform panel is surveyed and marked. It is built at the same time as the lower anchor chain barrel. The corner joint between the anchor platform panel and the anchor chain barrel is only sealed but not welded. The installation position and angle deviation of the anchor chain barrel relative to the anchor platform panel are strictly controlled, and the installation and welding of the internal bracket and skirt of the anchor platform are completed; S7: Assemble and separate the lower anchor chain barrel: After the anchor table panel assembly and the lower anchor chain barrel assembly are manufactured in the same mold, the two assemblies are separated, and the lower anchor chain barrel assembly is hoisted for large assembly positioning. Only assembly is performed without welding. Welding is performed after the anchor table panel assembly pre-assembly positioning accuracy is confirmed to be no problem; S8: Anchor panel assembly pre-assembly: Assemble and hoist the anchor platform panel to align with the lower anchor chain tube, and trim the skirt plate according to the positioning measurement results; after the accuracy meets the requirements, mark the alignment line at the intersection of the anchor platform skirt plate and the non-structural surface of the outer plate, corresponding to the position of the bracket inside the anchor platform; S9: Assembly of anchor platform panel and anchor lip tire lower middle assembly and then overall assembly; It is divided into an anchor platform panel assembly and an anchor lip tire lower middle assembly and the anchor platform panel assembly and anchor lip overall assembly; The anchor slab assembly and anchor lip tire lower and middle assembly include lowering the tire after the anchor slab pre-assembly is completed, putting the tire on again with the non-structural surface facing up, hoisting the anchor lip to install it on the anchor slab, completing the positioning welding work, and surveying and marking the subsequent large assembly positioning reference line; The anchor platform panel assembly and anchor lip overall assembly include installing the overall assembly after the anchor platform panel assembly and anchor lip assembly are completed; S10: Assembly and installation of the upper anchor chain barrel: Position the upper anchor chain tube on the tire, trim and cut the margin protruding from the forecastle deck according to the positioning situation, and complete the welding work after the positioning accuracy requirements are met; S11: Anchor reinforcement installation: According to the installation drawing of segmented outfitting parts, check the center point of the anchor chain pipe opening and drill the hole, and complete the installation and welding of the anchor chain pipe in segments; install the anchor chain barrel reinforcement, anchor windlass reinforcement, and chain stopper reinforcement according to the structural drawing data.

2. A method for constructing a ship anchoring structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, if a pair of brackets cannot be arranged due to structural space problems, a single bracket can be arranged according to the structural strength verification results; the bracket welded to the anchor base skirt plate and anchor base face plate cannot be welded to the anchor chain tube or hull outer plate at the same time; In S2, the outer plate part of the divided anchor structure should have sufficient rigidity to avoid deformation of the segment due to the heavy weight of the anchor structure; if the outer plate part is not rigid enough, the anchor structure should be temporarily strengthened, and the strengthening should avoid affecting the subsequent assembly operation of the segment; the anchor platform panel assembly includes the anchor platform panel, the anchor platform skirt and the bracket welded between the skirt and the panel; the anchor chain barrel assembly is divided into two sections, and the break position is selected between the main deck and the forecastle deck; the lower section anchor chain barrel assembly includes the anchor chain barrel and the bracket welded to the anchor chain barrel.

3. A method for constructing a ship anchoring structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: In said S3, an axis marking tool is required to be installed at the end of each anchor chain barrel, and the axis marking tool is fixed to the barrel body of the anchor chain barrel by positioning welding. The axis marking tool is arranged on the side of the barrel wall where the generatrix of each anchor chain barrel is longer, and is located within the end margin line to avoid being cut off; one side of the axis marking tool is flush with the barrel diameter, and the axis is marked with a sample punch; The busbar marks marked on the wall of the anchor chain barrel are divided into the shortest and longest busbars, which should be powder-sprayed during the CNC cutting stage of the wall panel. This line needs to be re-confirmed and marked before the anchor chain barrel is rolled, and it runs through the inner and outer walls. After the anchor chain barrel is rolled, this busbar is confirmed and corrected again. The intersection line of the busbars at the oblique end face of the anchor chain barrel should be the long axis of the end face of the anchor chain barrel.

4. A method for constructing a ship anchoring structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The anchor reference point line in S4 is surveyed and marked according to the anchor arrangement diagram of the special ship and the data information obtained by the hull modeling and lofting; the marking includes: the vertical projection line of the center line of the anchor chain barrel on the deck structure surface, non-structural surface and the ground, which are named L' line, L line and Y' line respectively; the cross line at the intersection point A of the anchor chain pipe axis and the deck structure surface needs to be returned to the non-structural surface; the cross line at the intersection point B of the anchor chain barrel center line and the deck structure surface, one of which is perpendicular to the L' line, needs to be returned to the non-structural surface; obtain the N line on the non-structural surface that passes through point B and is perpendicular to the L' line; After the overall alignment of the outer plate is adjusted and inspected to be qualified, use a total station or theodolite to vertically project the ground anchor reference line Y' line onto the non-structural surface of the outer plate, draw the outer plate projection line Y line, and pass through the outer plate; use the Z value of the coordinates of point C, the center of the hole of the anchor chain tube on the non-structural surface of the outer plate, to find the position of point C on the Y line using the total station to measure, and verify whether the X and Y coordinates of the point are the same as the theoretical values. If the deviation exceeds 3mm, correct the outer plate alignment and find the point again until point C meets the requirements.

5. A method for constructing a ship anchoring structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: In said S5, the position of point D, the center of the anchor chain barrel opening, is found on the main deck according to the data of the segmented structure drawing, and a temporary semicircular hole with a diameter of 200 mm is opened with points B, C and D as the center of the circle, and a steel wire is pulled from point C to point B. The angle β between the steel wire and the vertical line is measured and verified by a total station. Compared with the theoretical value, the deviation is ≤0.05°, and point D is located on the steel wire straight line. If the requirements are not met, the positions of point D, the center of the anchor chain barrel opening on the upper deck, and point C, the center of the outer plate opening, need to be corrected, and point C is always located on the Y line; after the above requirements are met, a hole opening template or sample box is used to open the anchor chain barrel through-hole on the forecastle deck, main deck, and outer plate with points B, C and D as the center of the circle.

6. A method for constructing a ship anchoring structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: In said S6, when the anchor platform is assembled and manufactured, the theoretical inner circle long axis K' line and the short axis marking line M' line of the structural surface of the anchor platform panel are checked and corrected according to the segmented structural diagram, and the long axis of the structural surface of the anchor platform panel is marked back to the non-structural surface to obtain the theoretical inner circle long axis K line of the non-structural surface, and the position of the theoretical short axis M line of the inner circle of the non-structural surface of the anchor platform panel is determined and marked according to the installation position and installation angle of the anchor chain barrel relative to the anchor platform panel and the thickness of the anchor platform panel; pay attention to the marking deviation of the theoretical short axis of the inner circle of the structural surface and the non-structural surface of the anchor platform panel; mark the intersection of the K line and the M line on the non-structural surface with a tool, that is, the intersection point E of the anchor chain barrel axis on the non-structural surface of the anchor platform panel; After the anchor slab marking is confirmed, the non-structural surface K line and M line are vertically reversed to the thickness position of the outer ring of the anchor slab, a total of four places, and the sample punching marks are made; Use a theodolite or total station to vertically reverse the K' line to the ground to draw the ground line R, which is used for the installation and positioning of the lower anchor chain barrel; after the assembly welding is completed, vertically reverse the R line to the skirt board to obtain the K" line; The lower anchor chain barrel is hoisted and matched with the anchor platform panel to meet the following positioning requirements: ① Pull the steel wire on the axis point marked by the axis mark tooling on the upper and lower ends of the lower anchor chain barrel. The steel wire must pass through the axis point E marked by the axis mark tooling on the non-structural surface of the anchor platform panel, with a deviation of ≤1mm; ② The lower end face of the anchor chain barrel shall be aligned with the anchor platform panel according to the data of the segmented structure drawing. Pay attention to controlling the end difference between the inner and outer edges of the lower end face of the anchor chain barrel and the inner circle of the anchor platform panel. The deviation shall be ≤2mm, and the machining allowance of the inner circle of the anchor chain barrel shall be included; ③ Hang a bob at the edge of the long axis busbar at the upper end of the anchor chain barrel, and align the bob with the ground wire R, with a deviation of ≤1mm; ④ Use a total station to measure the angle α between the long axis generatrix of the anchor chain tube and the K' line of the anchor platform panel, and compare it with the theoretical value. The deviation is ≤0.05°.

7. A method for constructing a ship anchoring structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: In S7, the positioning accuracy of the lower anchor chain barrel assembly is controlled according to the following requirements: ① The inner bracket and the outer plate Y line of the vertical plane of the anchor centerline are aligned, and the alignment deviation is ≤1mm; ② Pull the steel wire from the center point of the center mark tooling at the lower end of the lower anchor chain barrel to point B on the forecastle deck to check the concentricity of the steel wire and the inner wall of the upper end of the lower anchor chain barrel. The deviation shall be ≤3mm; ③ Use a total station to measure the coordinates of the center point of the center mark tooling on the end face of the lower anchor chain barrel and the points corresponding to the lower opening of the outer wall of the lower anchor chain barrel and the major and minor axes, and compare the obtained coordinates with the theoretical values. The horizontal position deviation of the center mark tooling center point is required to be ≤1mm, the vertical position deviation is ≤6mm, and the position deviation of the remaining measuring points is ≤6mm; ④ Use a total station to measure the deviation between the angle between the steel wire rope pulled in ② and the vertical line and the theoretical value; the deviation shall be ≤0.05°.

8. A method for constructing a ship anchoring structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: In S8, when the anchor panel is pre-assembled, the positioning accuracy is controlled according to the following requirements: ① The anchor platform panel is properly fitted with the lower end surface of the lower anchor chain tube; ② Use a total station or theodolite to check that the non-structural surface K line of the anchor platform panel and the hull outer plate line Y line are in the same vertical plane, with a deviation of ≤6mm; ③ Use a total station to check the horizontality of the anchor panel line M line, and the deviation should be ≤3mm; ④ Use a total station to measure the coordinates of the center point of the anchor chain tube center positioning tooling on the non-structural surface of the anchor platform panel, the intersection point of the outer circle of the non-structural surface of the panel and the major axis, and the intersection point of the outer circle of the non-structural surface of the panel and the minor axis. Compare the obtained coordinates with the theoretical values. The deviation is ≤6mm, and the accuracy of the center point is prioritized.

9. A method for constructing a ship anchoring structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: In S9, the anchor lip positioning method is as follows: hoist the anchor lip for assembly, paying attention to the installation direction of the anchor lip; position it according to the long and short axis marks marked on the anchor platform panel and the anchor lip, requiring that the alignment deviation of the long and short axis marks on the outer surface of the anchor lip and the long and short axis at the corresponding position on the anchor platform panel is ≤2mm, and at the same time, the inner and outer circles of the anchor lip are consistent with the inner and outer circles of the anchor platform panel; after the anchor lip is positioned, welding is performed according to the relevant welding process requirements; after the anchor lip is welded, the trimming amount of the inner and outer circles of the anchor platform panel can be trimmed and polished, and the trimming amount at the intersection of the long and short axes of the outer circle of the anchor platform panel and the non-structural surface of the panel is retained, and trimming and smoothing are performed after the anchor platform panel is assembled and the anchor lip is positioned for the second time; extend the line K" on the skirt board and vertically mark it to the outer surface of the anchor lip; The positioning method and accuracy requirements for the assembly of the anchor platform panel and the overall assembly of the anchor lip are as follows: ① The anchor platform panel is correctly fitted with the lower end face of the lower anchor chain tube, the skirt plate is correctly fitted with the outer plate, and the alignment lines set on the anchor platform skirt plate and the outer plate are correctly aligned, with a deviation of ≤1mm; ② Use a total station or theodolite to check that the K” line drawn on the outer surface of the anchor lip and the outer plate line Y are in the same vertical plane, with a deviation of ≤6mm; ③ Use a total station to measure the coordinates of the intersection of the outer circle of the non-structural surface of the anchor platform panel and the long axis K, and the intersection of the outer circle of the non-structural surface of the panel and the short axis M, and compare the obtained coordinates with the theoretical values. The error is ≤6mm.

10. A method for constructing a ship anchoring structure according to claim 9, characterized in that: In S10, the positioning method and accuracy requirements for the upper anchor chain barrel are as follows: ① The upper and lower anchor chain barrels are accurately butted together, with the misalignment ≤3mm. Pay attention to adjusting the gap value of the butt joint to meet the welding requirements; ② The upper end of the upper anchor chain barrel is trimmed and cut to be flush with the non-structural surface of the forecastle deck. Steel wires are pulled along lines L and N on the non-structural surface of the forecastle deck. The distance from the intersection of the steel wires to the inner wall of the anchor chain barrel along the direction of the steel wires is measured and compared with the theoretical value data. The deviation is ≤2mm.

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