A kind of flexible polymer antifouling tablecloth and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field related to polymer materials, and discloses a flexible polymer antifouling tablecloth and a preparation method thereof. The tablecloth comprises the following components: 40-55 parts of a modified polyurethane resin, 0.5-2 parts of carboxylated carbon nanotubes, 5-10 parts of surface-modified nano-silicon dioxide, 8-12 parts of a citrate plasticizer, 2-5 parts of nano-silver particles, 3-6 parts of a microencapsulated polyurethane self-repairing agent, 0.5-1.5 parts of a benzotriazole ultraviolet absorber, and 0.1-0.3 parts of azobisisobutyronitrile. The synergistic ratio of the carboxylated carbon nanotubes and the nano-silver improves the antibacterial rate while maintaining a high tensile strength. The combination of the polyurea microcapsules and the surface-modified nano-silicon dioxide enables the material to maintain a high self-repairing rate while not affecting the surface hydrophobicity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field related to polymer materials, and more specifically, relates to a flexible polymer antifouling tablecloth and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the upgrading of consumption and the enhancement of safety awareness, the functional requirements of textiles in modern homes and public places have shifted from single protection to the integration of multi-dimensional performance such as antibacterial, antifouling, and durability. Products such as tablecloths and decorative fabrics must not only meet basic requirements such as daily splash protection and wear resistance, but also have intelligent properties such as long-term antibacterial and self-repair to cope with complex usage scenarios. The current mainstream functional tablecloths mainly rely on surface finishing technology to achieve performance improvement by coating or impregnating functional additives on the substrate. However, this technical route has the following common defects:

[0003] Poor functional superposition: Existing processes often use step-by-step processing or single-functional additives, making it difficult to integrate multiple functions such as antimicrobial, hydrophobic, and self-healing on the same substrate. For example, coating-type hydrophobic agents can hinder the penetration of antimicrobial ingredients, while solvent compatibility issues in the impregnation process can cause functional components to lose effectiveness, resulting in the final product performance only achieving a single advantage.

[0004] Insufficient durability: Functional additives are mostly attached to the substrate surface by physical adsorption or simple cross-linking, and are easily removed by external forces such as friction and cleaning during long-term use;

[0005] In order to achieve rapid film formation or lasting functionality, some processes rely on environmentally burdensome additives such as fluorinated compounds and plasticizers, which are easily migrated and released in high temperature or humid environments, posing safety risks.

[0006] Therefore, in view of this, the existing structure and defects are studied and improved, and a flexible polymer anti-fouling tablecloth and a preparation method thereof are provided, in order to achieve a purpose with greater practical value. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention provides a flexible polymer antifouling tablecloth and a preparation method thereof, which are used to overcome the above-mentioned defects in the prior art.

[0008] The purpose and efficacy of the flexible polymer antifouling tablecloth and the preparation method thereof of the present invention are achieved by the following specific technical means:

[0009] A flexible polymer antifouling tablecloth comprises the following components: 40-55 parts of modified polyurethane resin, 0.5-2 parts of carboxylated carbon nanotubes, 5-10 parts of surface-modified nano-silicon dioxide, 8-12 parts of citrate plasticizer, 2-5 parts of nano-silver particles, 3-6 parts of microencapsulated polyurethane self-healing agent, 0.5-1.5 parts of benzotriazole ultraviolet absorber, and 0.1-0.3 parts of azobisisobutyronitrile.

[0010] It should be noted that this solution defines the basic formula framework of anti-fouling tablecloths. The various components work together to achieve comprehensive properties of flexibility, anti-fouling, self-repairing and weather resistance. Among them, the modified polyurethane resin is used as the matrix material, and its flexibility and wear resistance are better than PVC or ordinary polyethylene. The soft segment (polyether / polyester) in the polyurethane molecular chain provides elasticity, and the hard segment (urethane) gives strength. The tablecloth can be folded repeatedly without cracking and is resistant to oil penetration. The addition of carboxylated carbon nanotubes solves the problem that traditional fillers (such as carbon black) are difficult to use at low addition levels. In order to balance the issues of conductivity and mechanical reinforcement, the carboxyl group forms hydrogen bonds with the polar groups of polyurethane to enhance the interfacial bonding strength. The carbon nanotube network structure imparts antistatic properties, making the tablecloth surface less prone to dust absorption and improving the tensile strength. Unmodified nano-silica is prone to agglomeration, resulting in brittle material. However, the modified nano-silica in this scheme contains organic chain segments on the surface of the silica modified with a silane coupling agent (such as KH-570), which has better compatibility with polyurethane. The surface hardness of the tablecloth is moderate, making it scratch-resistant while maintaining a soft touch.

[0011] Citrate plasticizers are used to replace traditional phthalate plasticizers (such as DEHP) to avoid the potential environmental hormone risks. Phthalates have been restricted due to their potential toxicity. Citrate is an environmentally friendly alternative with higher safety. At the same addition amount, the plasticizing efficiency of triethyl citrate is comparable to that of DEHP, and there is no migration risk. Nanosilver particles solve the problems of volatility and poor durability of organic antimicrobial agents (such as quaternary ammonium salts). The sustained release of silver ions destroys microbial cell membranes, and the antibacterial rate against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus lasts for more than 6 months. Scratches on the surface of traditional tablecloths cannot be repaired by themselves, affecting their appearance and service life. Microencapsulated polyurethane self-healing agent is added to the formula, in which the microcapsule shell (polyurea) protects the core material (polyurethane prepolymer). After damage, the prepolymer cross-links and solidifies when exposed to moisture, which is conducive to self-repair.

[0012] According to a further technical solution, the carboxyl content of the carboxylated carbon nanotubes is 2-5 wt%.

[0013] It should be noted that a carboxyl content of 2-5 wt% can balance dispersibility and reactivity. If the carboxyl content is too low (<2%), it cannot effectively react with polyurethane, and if it is too high (>5%), the carbon nanotubes will become too hydrophilic and their compatibility with the hydrophobic matrix will decrease.

[0014] According to a further technical solution, the citrate plasticizer is triethyl citrate or tributyl citrate; the shell material of the microencapsulated polyurethane self-healing agent is polyurea or polyurethane, and the core material is a polyurethane prepolymer.

[0015] It should be noted that triethyl citrate is more environmentally friendly than phthalates and has better compatibility with polyurethane.

[0016] According to a further technical solution, the particle size of the nanosilver particles is 10-50 nm, and the particle size of the microencapsulated polyurethane self-healing agent is 5-20 μm.

[0017] It should be noted that nanosilver particles with a diameter of less than 10 nm are easily oxidized and inactivated, and the antibacterial efficiency drops sharply when the particle size is greater than 50 nm. Microencapsulated polyurethane particles with a diameter that is too small (<5 μm) are prone to breakage during processing, and microcapsule particles with a diameter that is too large (>20 μm) affect the surface smoothness of the tablecloth.

[0018] According to a further technical solution, the modifier of the surface-modified nano-silica is a silane coupling agent, and the surface hydroxyl content thereof is 3-8 wt%.

[0019] It should be noted that silica modified with silane coupling agents (hydroxyl content 3-8 wt%) can balance dispersibility and reactivity. If the hydroxyl content is too low (less than 3%), the modification effect is poor, while if it is too high (more than 8%), it is easy to absorb water and cause interface defects.

[0020] In a further technical solution, the benzotriazole ultraviolet absorber is UV-327 or UV-328.

[0021] It should be noted that UV-327 (long-chain alkyl substitution) has better migration resistance than UV-328 and is suitable for outdoor scenes; UV-328 is lower in cost and is suitable for indoor scenes.

[0022] A method for preparing a flexible polymer antifouling tablecloth comprises the following steps:

[0023] Step a, mixing modified polyurethane resin, carboxylated carbon nanotubes, surface-modified nano-silica, citrate plasticizer, nano-silver particles, microencapsulated polyurethane self-healing agent, benzotriazole ultraviolet absorber and azobisisobutyronitrile in proportion and stirring evenly;

[0024] It should be noted that during the implementation process, the resin and plasticizer should be mixed first, and then the nanomaterials should be gradually added to avoid direct contact between nanosilver and carbon nanotubes, which would lead to the premature formation of a conductive network.

[0025] Step b, forming the mixed material into a tablecloth substrate through a molding process;

[0026] Step c: performing surface treatment on the formed tablecloth.

[0027] According to a further technical solution, the mixing speed in step a is 500-1000 rpm, and the stirring time is 10-20 min.

[0028] According to a further technical solution, the forming process in step b is calendering, and the roller temperature of the calendering is 80-120°C.

[0029] In a further technical solution, the surface treatment in step c includes embossing or coating process, wherein a fluorine-containing polymer coating is used in the coating process.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] (1) Synergistic antibacterial network of carboxylated carbon nanotubes and nanosilver: The abundant carboxyl functional groups on the surface of carboxylated carbon nanotubes combine with nanosilver particles through coordination to form a continuous silver ion transmission channel, which significantly improves the silver ion release rate and targeted adsorption capacity, avoiding the agglomeration failure problem caused by the single addition of nanosilver. At the same time, the carbon tube network delays the oxidation of silver particles, thereby improving the antibacterial durability.

[0032] (2) Synergistic repair mechanism of polyurea microcapsules and nanofillers: The gradient shell thickness design of polyurea microcapsules is combined with the surface catalytic effect of nano-SiO2 to achieve a balance between the structural integrity of the microcapsules during processing and the self-repair efficiency during the use stage; the repair agent released after the microcapsule ruptures migrates to the crack area through the carbon nanotube network, and the hydroxyl groups on the SiO2 surface accelerate the repair cross-linking reaction, making the 24h repair rate reach ≥85%;

[0033] (3) Multi-level combination of environmentally friendly hydrophobic system: PTFE fluorine-free coating and citrate plasticizer are anchored to the polyurethane matrix through hydrogen bonding to form a stable hydrophobic interface; the micro-nano rough structure on the surface of the microcapsule and the coating synergistically reduce the solid-liquid contact area, and the water contact angle is ≥112°;

[0034] (4) Dynamic balance between self-repair and antibacterial functions: Silver nanoparticles are embedded in the shell of polyurea microcapsules, replenishing the surface silver ion concentration while the repair agent is released, preventing the local antibacterial performance from decreasing due to microcracks; carbon nanotubes serve as antibacterial agent carriers and mechanical reinforcement phases to achieve functional consistency before and after material damage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 This is a comparison chart of tensile strength and water contact angle of Examples 1 to 6 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2This is a correlation analysis diagram of antibacterial properties and self-repairing properties of Examples 1 to 6 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a performance comparison chart of Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 4 of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 It is a trend diagram of silver ion release rate of Example 5 and Comparative Example 5 in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] Performance indicators Test parameters Test standards / methods Mechanical properties Tensile strength, elongation at break GB / T 1040.3-2006 Antifouling performance Water contact angle, oil adhesion rate GB / T 30693-2014 Antibacterial properties Inhibition rate against Escherichia coli / Staphylococcus aureus ISO 22196-2011 Self-repair Microcrack healing rate (24h) Microscope observation + image analysis Weather resistance Color difference after UV aging (ΔE) GB / T 14522-2008 .

[0041] Note that all performance tests are carried out under a standard environment with a temperature of 23±2°C and a relative humidity of 50±5%, and the sample pretreatment time is ≥24h.

[0042] Example 1: This example provides a flexible polymer antifouling tablecloth, the preparation method of which comprises the following steps:

[0043] Step a: Premix 50 parts of modified polyurethane resin and 10 parts of triethyl citrate plasticizer in a stirring tank at a speed of 800 rpm for 5 minutes to fully plasticize the resin.

[0044] It should be noted that the modified polyurethane resin is a hydroxyl-terminated type with a hydroxyl value of 45-60 mg KOH / g, and is prepared by reacting polytetramethylene glycol (Mn=2000) with isophorone diisocyanate at an NCO:OH ratio of 1.05:1.

[0045] 1 part of carboxylated carbon nanotubes (carboxyl content 3 wt%), 8 parts of surface-modified nano-silica (KH-570 modified, hydroxyl content 5 wt%), and 3 parts of nano-silver particles (particle size 30 nm) were added in sequence, and stirring was continued for 10 min to ensure that the nanomaterials were evenly dispersed.

[0046] It should be noted that the KH-570 modification method of nano-silica is as follows: 10 g of nano-SiO2 is dispersed in an ethanol / water (4:1) solution, 3 wt% of KH-570 coupling agent is added, the mixture is refluxed at 80 °C for 6 h, and the mixture is centrifuged and dried.

[0047] Finally, 4 parts of microencapsulated polyurethane self-healing agent (particle size 10 μm, shell layer is polyurea, core material is polyurethane prepolymer), 1 part of UV-327 ultraviolet absorber, and 0.2 parts of azobisisobutyronitrile were added and stirred at low speed (500 rpm) for 5 min to avoid destroying the microcapsule structure.

[0048] It should be noted that the microcapsule preparation process is as follows: polyurethane prepolymer (Desmophen 670A) and TDI (toluene diisocyanate) are mixed in a ratio of 1:1.2 to form the core material, 1% polyvinyl alcohol is used as an emulsifier, and emulsification is performed at 2000 rpm to form a W / O emulsion. Hexamethylenediamine is added for interfacial polymerization, and the reaction is carried out at 60°C for 4 h to obtain the polyurea shell layer.

[0049] Step b: The mixed material is formed into a tablecloth substrate with a thickness of 0.5 mm through a calendering molding process, with a calendering roller temperature of 100° C. and a roller speed of 3 m / min.

[0050] Step c: The formed tablecloth was treated with a fluoropolymer coating (PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) emulsion) with a coating thickness of 15 μm and cured at 80°C for 10 min.

[0051] Test items Test results tensile strength 28.5 MPa Water contact angle 112° Escherichia coli inhibition rate (24h) 99.8% Microcrack healing rate (24h) 85% UV aging color difference (500h) ΔE=1.2 .

[0052] Example 2: The steps for preparing a flexible polymer antifouling tablecloth in this example are as follows:

[0053] Step a: Premix 40 parts of modified polyurethane resin and 8 parts of tributyl citrate plasticizer in a stirred tank at a speed of 500 rpm for 5 minutes.

[0054] 0.5 parts of carboxylated carbon nanotubes (carboxyl content 2 wt%), 5 parts of surface-modified nano-silica (KH-570 modified, hydroxyl content 3 wt%), and 2 parts of nano-silver particles (particle size 10 nm) were added in sequence, and stirring was continued for 10 min.

[0055] Finally, 3 parts of microencapsulated polyurethane self-healing agent (particle size 5 μm, polyurethane shell, polyurethane prepolymer core), 0.5 parts of UV-328 ultraviolet absorber, and 0.1 parts of azobisisobutyronitrile were added and stirred at low speed (400 rpm) for 5 min.

[0056] Step b: calendering (roller temperature 80°C, roller speed 2 m / min) to produce a tablecloth substrate with a thickness of 0.6 mm.

[0057] Step c: Surface embossing treatment (no coating).

[0058] Test items Test results tensile strength 24.8 MPa Water contact angle 108° Escherichia coli inhibition rate (24h) 99.5% Microcrack healing rate (24h) 80% UV aging color difference (500h) ΔE=1.8 .

[0059] Example 3: The steps for preparing a flexible polymer antifouling tablecloth in this example are as follows:

[0060] Step a: 55 parts of modified polyurethane resin and 12 parts of triethyl citrate plasticizer were premixed in a stirred tank at a speed of 1000 rpm for 5 minutes.

[0061] 2 parts of carboxylated carbon nanotubes (carboxyl content 5 wt%), 10 parts of surface-modified nano-silica (KH-570 modified, hydroxyl content 8 wt%), and 5 parts of nano-silver particles (particle size 50 nm) were added in sequence, and stirring was continued for 15 min.

[0062] Finally, 6 parts of microencapsulated polyurethane self-healing agent (particle size 20 μm, shell layer is polyurea, core material is polyurethane prepolymer), 1.5 parts of UV-327 ultraviolet absorber, and 0.3 parts of azobisisobutyronitrile were added and stirred at low speed (600 rpm) for 5 min.

[0063] Step b: calendering (roller temperature 120°C, roller speed 4 m / min) to produce a tablecloth substrate with a thickness of 0.4 mm.

[0064] Step c: Fluoropolymer coating (PTFE emulsion, thickness 20 μm), curing at 100 °C for 15 min.

[0065] Test items Test results tensile strength 26.2 MPa Water contact angle 115° Escherichia coli inhibition rate (24h) 99.9% Microcrack healing rate (24h) 88% UV aging color difference (500h) ΔE=1.0 .

[0066] Example 4: The steps for preparing a flexible polymer antifouling tablecloth in this example are as follows:

[0067] Step a: Premix 45 parts of modified polyurethane resin and 9 parts of tributyl citrate plasticizer in a stirred tank at 700 rpm for 5 minutes.

[0068] 1.5 parts of carboxylated carbon nanotubes (carboxyl content 4 wt%), 7 parts of surface-modified nano-silica (KH-570 modified, hydroxyl content 6 wt%), and 4 parts of nano-silver particles (particle size 40 nm) were added in sequence, and stirring was continued for 12 min.

[0069] Finally, 5 parts of microencapsulated polyurethane self-healing agent (particle size 15 μm, polyurea shell), 1.2 parts of UV-328 ultraviolet absorber, and 0.25 parts of azobisisobutyronitrile were added and stirred at low speed (550 rpm) for 5 min.

[0070] Step b: calendering (roller temperature 110°C, roller speed 3.5 m / min) to produce a tablecloth substrate with a thickness of 0.5 mm.

[0071] Step c: Fluoropolymer coating (PTFE emulsion, thickness 18 μm), curing at 90 °C for 12 min.

[0072] Test items Test results tensile strength 29.1 MPa Water contact angle 114° Escherichia coli inhibition rate (24h) 99.7% Microcrack healing rate (24h) 86% UV aging color difference (500h) ΔE=1.1 .

[0073] Example 5:

[0074] The formulation and process of this example were substantially the same as those of Example 1, with the only differences being that the amount of carboxylated carbon nanotubes was adjusted to 1.2 parts (originally 1 part), the amount of nanosilver particles was adjusted to 4.5 parts (originally 3 parts), and the stirring speed was reduced to 700 rpm to optimize dispersibility.

[0075] Example 6: This example is improved on the basis of Example 4 as follows: the thickness of the polyurea shell of the microencapsulated self-repairing agent is increased by 20% (achieved by extending the emulsification time), and the calendering temperature is adjusted to 105°C (originally 110°C).

[0076] The remaining components and process are the same as in Example 4.

[0077] The calendering temperature adaptability test shows that when the temperature fluctuates by ±10°C, the self-repair rate of Example 6 fluctuates by <3%, while that of Example 1 fluctuates by 8%.

[0078] Test items Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Tensile strength (MPa) 28.5 24.8 26.2 29.1 29.3 29.1 Water contact angle (°) 112 108 115 114 112 114 Antibacterial rate (24h) 99.8% 99.5% 99.9% 99.7% 99.8% 99.7% Self-repair rate (24h) 85% 80% 88% 86% 82% 91% UV color difference ΔE (500h) 1.2 1.8 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.1 .

[0079] The experimental data show that the mechanical and surface properties of Examples 1-6 are tested. Figure 1 As shown, mechanical strength (tensile strength) reflects the material's ability to resist fracture when subjected to stress and is a key mechanical indicator of structural materials. Hydrophobicity (water contact angle) characterizes the material surface's repulsion to water and directly affects surface properties such as corrosion resistance and anti-fouling. This patent uses a microcapsule-nanosilver synergistic structure to enhance mechanical strength while maintaining high hydrophobicity, breaking through the technical bottleneck of traditional materials that are difficult to balance strength and surface performance.

[0080] The tensile strengths of Examples 4-6 were all >29 MPa, and the water contact angles were stable at 112-115°, demonstrating that the uniform distribution of the nanosilver maintained the surface topology and good hydrophobicity. By optimizing the ratio of microcapsule particle size and nanosilver loading, the tensile strength was increased while maintaining a good water contact angle.

[0081] like Figure 2 As shown, the antibacterial and self-repairing properties, the self-repairing rate reflects the material's ability to repair microcracks independently, which directly affects the service life; the antibacterial rate reflects the inhibitory effect on microorganisms and determines the sanitary and safety performance. The microcapsules of this application release nanosilver when repairing cracks, forming a dual-effect mechanism of "repairing and sterilization".

[0082] When the self-repair rate is greater than 85% (such as in Example 3 and Example 6), the antibacterial rate is greater than or equal to 99.7%. The trend line shows that the antibacterial rate increases by 0.15% for every 5% increase in the self-repair rate.

[0083] Comparative Example 1

[0084] The formula and process of this comparative example are exactly the same as those of Example 1, except that the 4 parts of microencapsulated polyurethane self-healing agent added in step a are deleted, and the amounts of the other components and process parameters remain unchanged.

[0085] Test items Comparative Example 1 Example 1 Failure mechanism analysis Tensile strength (MPa) 18.3 28.5 Missing microcapsules lead to inability to disperse stress Microcrack healing rate (24h) 0% 85% No self-repair function Water contact angle (°) 95 112 Loss of hydrophobic structure on the microcapsule surface Escherichia coli inhibition rate (24h) 99.3% 99.8% .

[0086] Comparative Example 2

[0087] In this comparative example, 10 parts of triethyl citrate in Example 1 were replaced with an equal amount of DEHP plasticizer, and the stirring speed was increased to 1000 rpm to compensate for the compatibility difference. The other conditions were the same as in Example 1.

[0088] Test items Comparative Example 2 Example 1 Problem Description Tensile strength (MPa) 25.1 28.5 The difference was not significant (p>0.05) Phthalate migration amount (mg / kg) 2.7 (standard limit 1.0) Not detected Exceeds the limit of national standard GB 31604.30-2016 Plasticizer volatility after accelerated aging 12.3%（70℃×7d） 3.1% DEHP has poor thermal stability .

[0089] Comparative Example 3

[0090] This comparative example completely adopts the formulation of Example 1, but increases the calendering temperature in step b from 100° C. to 150° C., and the other parameters remain unchanged.

[0091] The test results are as follows:

[0092] The self-repair rate dropped from 85% to 45%, high temperature caused the microcapsules to fail, the diameter of the nanosilver antibacterial zone shrank by 35%, and the particles agglomerated; the electrical conductivity increased by 380%, and the dispersion of nanosilver was destroyed by high temperature.

[0093] The research of Niu Shaoshuai et al. (Journal of Qingdao University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2023, 44(3)) showed that when the emulsification speed increased from 1500r / min to 2000r / min, the heat resistance temperature of polyurea microcapsules increased from 238℃ to 277℃, but the data was obtained under the condition of no mechanical stress.

[0094] The present application found that even 150°C would cause functional damage to the microcapsules during the calendering process, proving that the processing conditions have a significant impact on the temperature resistance threshold.

[0095] Comparative Example 4

[0096] The preparation steps of this comparative example are as follows:

[0097] Step a: Premix 50 parts of modified polyurethane resin and 10 parts of triethyl citrate plasticizer in a stirred tank and stir at 800 rpm for 5 minutes. Then, sequentially add 1.2 parts of carboxylated carbon nanotubes (carboxyl content 3 wt%, same as in Example 1), 8 parts of KH-570 modified nanosilica, and 0 parts of nanosilver particles, stirring for a further 10 minutes. Finally, add 4 parts of a microencapsulated self-healing agent, 1 part of UV-327, and 0.2 parts of azobisisobutyronitrile, stirring at a low speed of 500 rpm for 5 minutes.

[0098] Steps bc: exactly the same as in Example 1 (calendering at 100°C, PTFE coating 15 μm).

[0099] Test items Test results Comparative Example 1 Difference Analysis Tensile strength (MPa) 26.1 Carbon nanotubes alone have limited reinforcing effects Escherichia coli inhibition rate (24h) 35.2% The absence of nanosilver resulted in a significant decrease in the antibacterial rate Silver ion release rate Not detected Verify silver-free ion release channel Water contact angle (°) 95.0 .

[0100] like Figure 3 As shown, comparative example 1 removes microcapsules to verify their core role in stress dispersion, comparative example 4 cancels nanosilver to confirm its necessity for surface modification, and compared with Example 1, comparative example 1 has a 35% decrease in tensile strength when there is no microcapsule, and comparative example 4 has a sudden drop in antibacterial rate to 35% when there is no nanosilver, proving its main bactericidal effect.

[0101] Comparative Example 5

[0102] The preparation steps of this comparative example are as follows:

[0103] Step a: Premix 50 parts of modified polyurethane resin with 10 parts of triethyl citrate. Add 0 parts of carbon nanotubes, 8 parts of modified nano-SiO2, and 4.5 parts of nanosilver particles (particle size 30 nm) in that order, and continue stirring for 10 minutes. The amounts of other additives (microcapsules, UV-327, etc.) and the process are the same as in Example 1.

[0104] Steps bc: exactly the same as in Example 1.

[0105] Test items Test results Technical Problem Revealed Tensile strength (MPa) 24.7 No carbon nanotube network support Antibacterial rate (24h) 99.1% The silver ion release rate is only 2.8 μg / cm²·h Silver ion release rate 2.8 μg / cm²·h Lack of ion transport channels in carbon nanotubes .

[0106] Comparative Example 6

[0107] The preparation steps of this comparative example are as follows:

[0108] Step a: Premix 50 parts of modified polyurethane resin with 10 parts of triethyl citrate. Then, sequentially add 1.2 parts of carboxylated carbon nanotubes (carboxyl content: 3 wt%), 8 parts of modified nano-SiO2, and 4.5 parts of nanosilver particles (particle size: 30 nm), and continue stirring for 10 minutes. The remaining additive amounts and process are the same as in Example 1.

[0109] Steps bc: exactly the same as in Example 1.

[0110] Test items Test results Synergy analysis Tensile strength (MPa) 29.5 Carbon nanotubes and silver particles form an interpenetrating network Antibacterial rate (24h) 99.8% 0.7 percentage points higher than comparison example 5 Silver ion release rate 4.2 μg / cm²·h Carbon nanotubes promote the targeted release of silver ions 168-hour antibacterial rate retention rate 98.3% Carbon nanotubes delay oxidation failure of silver particles .

[0111] It should be noted that the silver ion release rate test process in this application is:

[0112] Extract preparation: Use artificial sweat (20 g / L sodium chloride, 17 g / L lactic acid, 5 g / L urea, pH = 6.5 ± 0.2).

[0113] Test conditions: Sample size: 10×10 cm², immersed in 50 mL of artificial sweat.

[0114] Temperature: 37±1°C, Oscillation speed: 60 rpm.

[0115] Extraction time: 24 h.

[0116] Quantitative analysis: Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used, with a detection limit of 0.01 μg / L. The formula for calculation was: Release rate = (C×V) / (A×t). (C: silver concentration, V: solution volume, A: sample area, t: time)

[0117] By comparing and analyzing Comparative Examples 4-6, when containing only carbon nanotubes (Comparative Example 4), the antibacterial rate is less than 40%, proving that it has no significant antibacterial effect itself; when containing only nanosilver (Comparative Example 5), although the antibacterial rate is >99%, the silver ion release rate is low and the cost is high; the combination of carbon nanotubes and nanosilver (Comparative Example 6) achieves performance breakthroughs through the following synergistic mechanism: the carbon nanotube network provides a transmission channel for silver ions, the release rate is improved, the carboxyl functional groups adsorb bacteria through electrostatic action, and a high-concentration silver ion "killing zone" is formed locally. Silver particles fill the gaps in the carbon nanotube network, and the tensile strength is increased by 19.4%.

[0118] like Figure 4 As shown, after 200 h, the release rate of Example 5 was 82% of the initial value, while that of Comparative Example 5 was only 54%. The persistence of antibacterial activity was negatively correlated with the slope of the release rate.

[0119] Comprehensive analysis

[0120] 1. Analysis of tensile strength

[0121] The tensile strength of Examples 1-6 showed significant differences (24.8-29.3 MPa). Analysis showed that the differences in mechanical properties were mainly due to the following key factors:

[0122] (1) When the amount of modified polyurethane resin increased from 40 parts (Example 2) to 55 parts (Example 3), the tensile strength increased by 5.6%, and the hard segment content in the resin molecular chain increased, effectively improving the rigidity of the material.

[0123] (2) Carboxylated carbon nanotubes (0.5-2 parts) are reinforced by two mechanisms: physical reinforcement and chemical bonding. The tubular structure with a high aspect ratio (>1000) forms a three-dimensional network in the matrix, and the surface carboxyl groups (2-5wt%) form ester bonds with the hydroxyl groups of the resin. In addition, nano-SiO2 (5-10 parts) also has a reinforcing effect. After KH-570 modification, the surface hydroxyl groups of SiO2 (3-8wt%) form hydrogen bonds with the resin, and the particle size distribution (20-50nm) optimizes the stress transfer efficiency.

[0124] (3) Example 5 (1.2 parts carboxylated carbon nanotubes + 4.5 parts silver nanoparticles) showed the best strength (29.3 MPa). Its mechanism of action is that silver nanoparticles fill the gaps in the carbon tube network to form a "brick-and-mortar" structure.

[0125] 2. Analysis of surface hydrophobicity

[0126] The differences in water contact angles (108-115°) in Examples 1-6 are mainly determined by the following factors:

[0127] (1) Surface chemical composition: The introduction of the fluorine-containing coating (PTFE) increases the contact angle by ≥6°, with Example 3 (fluorine-containing) at 115° being higher than Example 2 (fluorine-free) at 108°.

[0128] (2) Interfacial interaction: The choice of plasticizer (8-12 parts) affects the coating adhesion. Triethyl citrate (Example 3) is more conducive to PTFE spreading than tributyl citrate (Example 2), and the contact angle hysteresis is <5°, which proves that the surface chemical uniformity is good.

[0129] 3. Analysis of the antibacterial mechanism

[0130] The difference in the antibacterial rates (99.5-99.9%) in Examples 1-6 is mainly due to:

[0131] (1) The release rate of 5-nanometer silver particles (Example 2) was three times faster than that of 50-nanometer silver particles (Example 3), but the larger particles (50 nm) provided a more sustained antibacterial effect (still 99% inhibition rate after 168 h).

[0132] (2) The "capture-kill" mechanism of carboxylated carbon nanotubes: the surface carboxyl groups adsorb bacteria through electrostatic action, forming a local microenvironment with high concentration of silver ions, resulting in a synergistic antibacterial effect.

[0133] 4. Analysis of Self-Repair Performance

[0134] The self-repair function of the present invention is mainly achieved through the following mechanisms:

[0135] (1) Microcapsule-triggered repair uses polyurethane prepolymer as the core material. When microcracks occur in the material, stress concentration causes the microcapsules to rupture, and the released prepolymer reacts with moisture in the environment:

[0136] Main reaction: -NCO + H2O increases to -NH2 + CO2, and the newly generated amino group forms a chemical bond with the resin matrix.

[0137] (2) Factors affecting repair efficiency: When the amount of microcapsules added increased from 3 parts to 6 parts, the repair rate increased from 80% to 88% (Example 2 and Example 3). The optimal dispersion concentration (6 parts) ensured the connectivity of the repair network.

[0138] (3) With the assistance of nanofillers, the hydroxyl groups (3-8 wt%) on the SiO2 surface catalyze the NCO hydrolysis reaction, and the carbon nanotube network provides a channel for the transmission of repair substances.

[0139] The advantages of this application are:

[0140] 1. Through the synergistic ratio of carboxylated carbon nanotubes (1-2 parts) + nanosilver (3-5 parts), an antibacterial rate of >99.5% and a tensile strength of ≥28MPa are achieved.

[0141] 2. The combination of polyurea microcapsules (4-6 parts) and modified SiO2 (5-10 parts) enables the self-healing rate to exceed 90% without affecting the surface hydrophobicity.

[0142] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims, not the foregoing description, and all variations within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims are intended to be encompassed therein. Any reference in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim to which it relates.

Claims

1. A flexible polymer antifouling tablecloth, characterized in that: Includes the following components: 40-55 parts of hydroxyl-terminated polyurethane resin; 0.5-2 parts of carboxylated carbon nanotubes, with a carboxyl content of 2-5 wt%; 5-10 parts of surface-modified nano-silica; 8-12 parts of triethyl citrate or tributyl citrate plasticizer; 2-5 parts of nanosilver particles; 3-6 parts of microencapsulated polyurethane self-healing agent, whose shell is polyurea or polyurethane and the core material is polyurethane prepolymer; 0.5-1.5 parts of benzotriazole ultraviolet absorber; Azobisisobutyronitrile 0.1-0.3 parts; The preparation method of the flexible polymer antifouling tablecloth comprises the following steps: Step a, mixing the hydroxyl-terminated polyurethane resin, the carboxylated carbon nanotubes, the surface-modified nano-silica, the triethyl citrate or tributyl citrate plasticizer, the nanosilver particles, the microencapsulated polyurethane self-healing agent, the benzotriazole ultraviolet absorber, and the azobisisobutyronitrile in proportion and stirring evenly; Step b, subjecting the mixed material to a calendering process to form a tablecloth substrate at a temperature of 80-120° C.; Step c: performing surface treatment on the formed tablecloth.

2. The flexible polymer antifouling tablecloth according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the nano silver particles is 10-50 nm, and the particle size of the microencapsulated polyurethane self-repairing agent is 5-20 μm.

3. The flexible polymer antifouling tablecloth according to claim 1, characterized in that: The modifier of the surface-modified nano-silica is a silane coupling agent, and the surface hydroxyl content of the surface-modified nano-silica is 3-8 wt%.

4. The flexible polymer antifouling tablecloth according to claim 1, characterized in that: The benzotriazole ultraviolet absorber is UV-327 or UV-328.

5. A method for preparing a flexible polymer antifouling tablecloth, which is applied to the flexible polymer antifouling tablecloth according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step a, mixing the hydroxyl-terminated polyurethane resin, the carboxylated carbon nanotubes, the surface-modified nano-silica, the triethyl citrate or tributyl citrate plasticizer, the nanosilver particles, the microencapsulated polyurethane self-healing agent, the benzotriazole ultraviolet absorber, and the azobisisobutyronitrile in proportion and stirring evenly; Step b, subjecting the mixed material to a calendering process to form a tablecloth substrate at a temperature of 80-120° C.; Step c: performing surface treatment on the formed tablecloth.

6. The method for preparing a flexible polymer antifouling tablecloth according to claim 5, characterized in that: The stirring speed of the mixing in step a is 500-1000 rpm, and the stirring time is 10-20 min.

7. The method for preparing a flexible polymer antifouling tablecloth according to claim 5, characterized in that: The surface treatment in step c includes embossing or coating process, wherein a fluoropolymer coating is used in the coating process.

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