Efficient spraying type smoke suppressant, its preparation method and application

Abstract

The application provides a high-efficiency spraying type smoke dust inhibitor and a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of environmental protection. The smoke dust inhibitor comprises the following components in mass percentage: cocamide propyl betaine 0.05-0.15%, magnesium chloride hexahydrate 2-4%, urea 0.08-0.12%, ammonium acetate 0.08-0.12%, polyacrylamide 0.05%, and sodium alpha-alkenyl sulfonate 0.05%, and the balance is water. Compared with the traditional water mortar technology, the application of the smoke dust inhibitor has obvious technical advantages, and has significant improvement in spraying efficiency, environmental adaptability and operation simplicity. Especially in the treatment of toxic and harmful gases, the application can directly degrade the gases through chemical reaction, instead of only physical isolation, which is a major breakthrough in technology. In addition, the smoke dust inhibitor has long-acting effect and low dependence on equipment, and is suitable for various spraying systems.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to a high-efficiency spraying type smoke dust inhibitor and a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization and the enhancement of people's environmental awareness, the development of land resources gradually expands to underground space, which becomes an inevitable development direction in modern city construction. Due to the huge investment in tunnel and underground engineering construction, the scale and quantity of tunnel engineering continue to grow to meet the needs of urban structure with high population density and concentrated work sites. Under this background, the construction safety and environmental protection of tunnel engineering are increasingly prominent, especially the increasing demand for improving construction efficiency and ensuring operation safety.

[0003] In tunnel construction, drill and blast method is a commonly used tunneling method, which blows up by drilling holes in rock mass and filling explosives. The gunpowder smoke contains a large amount of dust, water vapor, CO, nitrogen oxides and other toxic and harmful gases, which poses a serious threat to the health of construction personnel and the construction environment. The effect of the previously used ventilation and dust removal method is limited, the ventilation time is long, the effect is poor, and the diffusion of smoke dust cannot be effectively controlled. Another main way is to fill water mortar, which forms water mist during blasting to remove dust and absorb toxic and harmful gases. Although the traditional method of filling water mortar can control dust and toxic gases to some extent, it usually has the problems of complex operation, low efficiency and difficulty in adapting to rapid construction progress. Most of the existing spray dust removal technology mainly aims at dust control, and the effect of gas treatment is limited.

[0004] Most of the existing dust inhibitors use water-based or oil-based solutions, and its main working principle is to increase the wet weight of dust by spraying to promote dust particles to settle down, thereby reducing the suspended dust in the air. However, most of the dust inhibitors are almost ineffective in inhibiting toxic and harmful gases, and cannot comprehensively solve the problem of comprehensive air pollution caused by tunnel blasting and other operations.

[0005] The CO treatment technology mainly includes catalytic oxidation and adsorption method, etc., in which catalytic oxidation is to accelerate the reaction of CO and oxygen in the air to generate harmless carbon dioxide through catalyst, and adsorption method is to separate CO from air through physical or chemical adsorption. Although these methods are relatively mature in industrial application, they are difficult to be widely implemented in the actual application of tunnel blasting site due to the complexity of equipment and operation. Studies have shown that the application of traditional catalytic oxidation technology in tunnel construction is limited by the problems of difficult equipment movement and high maintenance cost. In addition, these systems usually require high energy input, which is often not matched with the power supply conditions of tunnel construction site.

[0006] The treatment technologies of nitrogen oxides mainly include selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR), which can convert nitrogen oxides into nitrogen and water at high temperatures. However, these technologies require special reactors and high energy consumption, and are difficult to implement for mobile or temporary construction sites such as tunnel excavation scenarios.

[0007] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a multifunctional smoke dust inhibitor that can effectively suppress dust and reduce the concentration of toxic gases, and to study its formula and use method, which has important practical significance and application value for improving the tunnel construction environment, improving the construction efficiency, and ensuring the construction safety. SUMMARY

[0008] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present application provides a spraying type smoke dust inhibitor, which can not only effectively suppress fine dust particles, but also chemically neutralize and physically adsorb harmful gases such as CO and nitrogen oxides, solving the application limitations of single dust suppressant in complex construction environment. The present application aims to provide an air purification method which is simple to operate, highly adaptable and has significant environmental protection effect, greatly improving the safety and comfort of the working environment. The development of this inhibitor fills the gap in the existing technology in the ability to simultaneously control dust and harmful gases in closed environments such as tunnels, providing a new solution for construction safety and environmental protection.

[0009] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0010] An efficient spraying type smoke dust inhibitor, comprising the following components in mass percentage: cocamide propyl betaine 0.05-0.15%, magnesium chloride hexahydrate 2-4%, urea 0.08-0.12%, ammonium acetate 0.08-0.12%, polyacrylamide 0.05%, and sodium alpha-alkenyl sulfonate 0.05%, with the balance being water.

[0011] Preferably, the efficient spraying type smoke dust inhibitor is made of the following raw materials in mass percentage: cocamide propyl betaine 0.05%, magnesium chloride hexahydrate 3.60%, urea 0.09%, ammonium acetate 0.08%, polyacrylamide 0.05%, and sodium alpha-alkenyl sulfonate 0.05%, with the balance being water.

[0012] In the above components, cocamide propyl betaine (CAB) acts as a surfactant to reduce the surface tension of water, increase the contact area with dust, and improve the wettability and permeability of the solution to dust. On the other hand, it can bridge dispersed dust particles together to form larger agglomerates. These agglomerates have larger mass and are not easily blown away by the wind, thereby achieving the effect of dust suppression. It can enhance the wettability and permeability of the solution to dust, better adhere and capture dust, and effectively improve the efficiency of spray dust removal.

[0013] Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl2·H2O) is used as a humectant to keep the dust continuously moist at high temperature or dry environment, effectively preventing secondary dust raising.

[0014] Urea (CO(NH2)2) is used as a CO purification additive. Specifically, urea is an organic substance that can increase the solubility of CO in water after being dissolved in water; on the other hand, the ammonia produced by the dissolution of urea in water forms an ammine complex that can react with CO, further removing CO.

[0015] Ammonium acetate (CH3COONH4) is used as a nitrogen oxide purification additive. Ammonium acetate aqueous solution can absorb gaseous nitrogen oxides. On the one hand, when nitrogen oxides (mainly NO2) come into contact with water, they can partially dissolve and form nitrous acid (HNO2) and nitric acid (HNO3). In the aqueous solution, the ammonia produced by the hydrolysis of ammonium acetate can react with the dissolved nitrogen oxides, further removing nitrogen oxides.

[0016] Cocamidopropyl betaine (CAB) is a zwitterionic surfactant, and sodium alpha-olefin sulfonate (AOS) is an anionic surfactant. The two have a synergistic effect, so they are used together to improve surface activity and reduce surface tension. Specifically, the zwitterionic surfactant cocamidopropyl betaine molecule contains both positive and negative charges (i.e. quaternary ammonium cation and carboxylate anion). Its molecular structure is relatively large, with a hydrophilic group and a hydrophobic group connected by an amide group, forming a relatively soft molecular chain. This structure makes it difficult for cocamidopropyl betaine to form very tight micelle structures in solution due to its steric hindrance, so its surface activity and ability to reduce surface tension are relatively weak compared to anionic surfactants. Sodium alpha-olefin sulfonate is an anionic surfactant with a small molecular structure. Its hydrophilic group is a sulfonate anion, and its hydrophobic group is an olefin chain. Sodium alpha-olefin sulfonate molecules arrange closely and have strong hydrophilicity, easily forming micelles in aqueous solution, so it has strong ability to reduce surface tension. After compounding, there is an electrostatic attraction between the quaternary ammonium cation in the cocamidopropyl betaine molecule and the sulfonate anion in the sodium alpha-olefin sulfonate molecule. This electrostatic interaction promotes the aggregation of the two surfactant molecules at the solution interface, forming a more effective adsorption layer. The molecular structure of cocamidopropyl betaine is complex and has some gaps, while the smaller alpha-olefin sulfonate molecules can fill these gaps, making the molecular arrangement of the compounded system more compact and reducing the surface tension.

[0017] Polyacrylamide (PAM) is used as a coagulation and adhesion agent to improve the coagulation effect of the dust suppressant on dust, forming a stable dust layer and reducing dust diffusion.

[0018] The application also provides a preparation method of the high-efficiency spray-type smoke dust suppressant, comprising the following steps:

[0019] (1) Add polyacrylamide into a mixer, add part of water to completely dissolve;

[0020] (2) Add the remaining water, magnesium chloride hexahydrate, urea, and ammonium acetate into the mixer and stir;

[0021] (3) Add cocamidopropyl betaine and sodium alpha-olefin sulfonate into the mixer, continue to stir until all components are evenly mixed to obtain the smoke suppressant.

[0022] In an embodiment of the present application, the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding polyacrylamide into a mixer, adding 10% of the total water amount, heating and keeping the temperature at 50°C, and stirring for 15-20 minutes until completely dissolved. Add the remaining water into the mixer, and add magnesium chloride hexahydrate, urea, and ammonium acetate into the mixer in turn at room temperature, and continuously stir; finally, add cocamidopropyl betaine and sodium alpha-olefin sulfonate into the mixer, and continue to stir until all components are evenly mixed to obtain the smoke suppressant.

[0023] The present application also provides the application of the smoke suppressant, which comprises spraying the smoke suppressant using high-pressure spraying equipment after blasting, and treating the smoke of the blasting area.

[0024] The technical solution provided by the present application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. The present application provides a high-efficiency spraying smoke suppressant, which comprises surfactants, humectants, binders, and detoxification additives. The selection and ratio of each component are precisely calculated and optimized. The smoke suppressant can simultaneously achieve efficient dust suppression and detoxification. The formula not only improves the dust suppression efficiency, but also significantly enhances the degradation capacity of toxic gases such as CO and nitrogen oxides.

[0026] 2. Compared with traditional water mortar technology, the application of the smoke suppressant of the present application has obvious technical advantages in spraying efficiency, environmental adaptability, and operation simplicity. Especially in the treatment of toxic and harmful gases, the present application can directly degrade the gases through chemical reaction, rather than just physical isolation, which is a major breakthrough in technology. In addition, the smoke suppressant of the present application not only has a long-lasting effect, but also has low dependence on equipment, and is suitable for various spraying systems.

[0027] 3. The present application strictly follows environmental protection and safety standards when selecting all chemical components, ensuring the environmental protection and safety of the smoke suppressant. All components are biodegradable and non-toxic, which not only protects the health of workers, but also reduces the impact on the environment. The development of this environmentally friendly formula is a direct response to increasingly stringent environmental protection regulations.

[0028] 4. The preparation method of the smoke suppressant: involves specific operation steps and conditions to ensure the optimization of the smoke suppressant components during mixing, reaction and stability of the final product. This preparation method is simple, low cost and easy to industrialize. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] To make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, specific embodiments will be described in detail below.

[0030] The core formula of the smoke suppressant is composed of surfactants, humectants, binders and antidote additives. Specifically, it includes the following components with mass percentage: cocamide propyl betaine 0.05-0.15%, magnesium chloride hexahydrate 2-4%, urea 0.08-0.12%, ammonium acetate 0.08-0.12%, polyacrylamide 0.05%, and sodium α-alkenyl sulfonate 0.05%, with the balance being water. This ensures its stability and high efficiency in complex construction environments.

[0031] The present application will be further described by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the content of the present application.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] A high-efficiency spray-type smoke suppressant is made from the following raw materials with mass percentage: cocamide propyl betaine 0.10%, magnesium chloride hexahydrate 3.0%, urea 0.10%, ammonium acetate 0.10%, polyacrylamide 0.05%, and sodium α-alkenyl sulfonate 0.05%, with the balance being water.

[0034] The preparation steps of the above smoke suppressant solution are as follows: weigh 0.05% of polyacrylamide with mass percentage and add it to a mixing container, add 10% of the total water amount, heat and maintain the temperature at 50°C, and stir for 15-20 minutes until complete dissolution. Add the remaining water to the mixer, and add 3.0% of magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 0.10% of urea, and 0.10% of ammonium acetate to the mixer in turn under normal temperature, and continuously stir; finally, add 0.10% of cocamide propyl betaine and 0.05% of sodium α-alkenyl sulfonate to the mixer, and continue to stir until the components are uniformly mixed to obtain the finished smoke suppressant product.

[0035] Example 2

[0036] A high-efficiency spray-type smoke suppressant is made from the following raw materials with mass percentage: cocamide propyl betaine 0.05%, magnesium chloride hexahydrate 3.0%, urea 0.10%, ammonium acetate 0.08%, polyacrylamide 0.05%, and sodium α-alkenyl sulfonate 0.05%, with the balance being water.

[0037] The preparation steps of the above smoke inhibitor solution are: taking 0.05% of polyacrylamide with mass percentage into a mixing container, adding 10% of the total water amount, heating and keeping the temperature at 50°C, stirring for 15-20 minutes until completely dissolved. The remaining water is added into the mixer, 3.0% of magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 0.10% of urea and 0.08% of ammonium acetate are sequentially added into the mixer under normal temperature state with continuous stirring; finally, 0.05% of cocamide propyl betaine and 0.05% of sodium α-alkenyl sulfonate are added into the mixer, and the stirring is continued until the components are uniformly mixed to obtain the finished product of the smoke inhibitor.

[0038] Example 3

[0039] A high-efficiency spray-type smoke inhibitor is made from the following raw materials with mass percentage: cocamide propyl betaine 0.05%, magnesium chloride hexahydrate 3.50%, urea 0.09%, ammonium acetate 0.08%, polyacrylamide 0.05%, sodium α-alkenyl sulfonate 0.05%, and the balance is water.

[0040] The preparation steps of the above smoke inhibitor solution are: taking 0.05% of polyacrylamide with mass percentage into a mixing container, adding 10% of the total water amount, heating and keeping the temperature at 50°C, stirring for 15-20 minutes until completely dissolved. The remaining water is added into the mixer, 3.0% of magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 0.10% of urea and 0.08% of ammonium acetate are sequentially added into the mixer under normal temperature state with continuous stirring; finally, 0.05% of cocamide propyl betaine and 0.05% of sodium α-alkenyl sulfonate are added into the mixer, and the stirring is continued until the components are uniformly mixed to obtain the finished product of the smoke inhibitor.

[0041] Example 4

[0042] A high-efficiency spray-type smoke inhibitor is made from the following raw materials with mass percentage: cocamide propyl betaine 0.05%, magnesium chloride hexahydrate 3.50%, urea 0.09%, ammonium acetate 0.08%, polyacrylamide 0.05%, sodium α-alkenyl sulfonate 0.05%, and the balance is water.

[0043] The preparation steps of the above smoke inhibitor solution are: taking 0.05% of polyacrylamide with mass percentage into a mixing container, adding 10% of the total water amount, heating and keeping the temperature at 50°C, stirring for 15-20 minutes until completely dissolved. The remaining water is added into the mixer, 3.0% of magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 0.10% of urea and 0.08% of ammonium acetate are sequentially added into the mixer under normal temperature state with continuous stirring; finally, 0.05% of cocamide propyl betaine and 0.05% of sodium α-alkenyl sulfonate are added into the mixer, and the stirring is continued until the components are uniformly mixed to obtain the finished product of the smoke inhibitor.

[0044] Comparative Example 1

[0045] Use 100% clean water.

[0046] Comparative Example 2

[0047] A high-efficiency spray-type smoke suppressant is made from the following raw materials with mass percentage: 0.05% of cocamide propyl betaine, 3.60% of magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 0.09% of urea, 0.08% of ammonium acetate, 0.05% of polyacrylamide, and the rest is water.

[0048] The preparation steps of the above smoke suppressant solution are as follows: weigh 0.05% of polyacrylamide with mass percentage and add it into a mixing container, add 10% of the total water amount, heat and keep the temperature at 50℃, and stir for 15-20 minutes until completely dissolved. Add the remaining water into the mixer, and add 3.60% of magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 0.09% of urea, and 0.08% of ammonium acetate into the mixer in turn at room temperature, and continuously stir. Finally, add 0.05% of cocamide propyl betaine into the mixer, and continue to stir until all components are uniformly mixed to obtain the finished smoke suppressant product.

[0049] Comparative Example 3

[0050] A high-efficiency spray-type smoke suppressant is made from the following raw materials with mass percentage: 0.05% of cocamide propyl betaine, 3.60% of magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 0.15% of urea, 0.15% of ammonium acetate, 0.05% of polyacrylamide, and 0.05% of sodium α-alkenyl sulfonate, and the rest is water.

[0051] The preparation steps of the above smoke suppressant solution are as follows: weigh 0.05% of polyacrylamide with mass percentage and add it into a mixing container, add 10% of the total water amount, heat and keep the temperature at 50℃, and stir for 15-20 minutes until completely dissolved. Add the remaining water into the mixer, and add 3.60% of magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 0.15% of urea, and 0.15% of ammonium acetate into the mixer in turn at room temperature, and continuously stir. Finally, add 0.05% of cocamide propyl betaine and 0.05% of sodium α-alkenyl sulfonate into the mixer, and continue to stir until all components are uniformly mixed to obtain the finished smoke suppressant product.

[0052] The smoke suppressants prepared in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-3 are respectively tested, and the surface tension, 2h dust sample water loss rate at 60℃, CO purification efficiency, and NO2 purification efficiency are respectively taken as four experimental indexes. The specific method is as follows:

[0053] A BZY type surface tension meter is used to measure the surface tension of each solution. To reduce experimental error, Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-3 are each measured three times, and the average value is taken as the final result.

[0054] Take 10.0 g of dry 200 mesh dust in a 60 mm petri dish and spread it flat. Take 5.0 g of each of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-3 in a small beaker and evenly sprinkle onto the surface of the dust. After the solution has completely penetrated the dust, record the initial mass of each sample and place it in a 60°C forced air drying oven. After 2 hours, weigh the samples and calculate the water loss rate.

[0055] The detoxification efficiency of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-3 was investigated by measuring the change in concentration of toxic and harmful gases before and after treatment with the solutions. A 5.0% CO gas was introduced into a triangular flask at a rate of 200 ml / min for 90 s, and the air in the container was discharged to ensure the CO experimental environment. A 50 ml sample of the detoxification solution to be tested was injected into the triangular flask using a syringe, and the reaction was timed. After 3 minutes, the gas in the container was extracted using a syringe connected to a rubber tube, placed in a gas collection bag, and labeled. The concentration of CO after treatment with each solution was measured using a photoacoustic spectrum multi-gas analyzer, and the removal efficiency was calculated by comparing it with the initial concentration.

[0056] The concentration of nitrogen oxides was measured using the naphthalene ethylenediamine hydrochloride spectrophotometric method. Since NO is relatively unstable and easily converted to NO2, the NO2 content after treatment with the solutions of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-3 was measured. Specifically, 5.0 g of aminobenzenesulfonic acid was dissolved in 200 ml of 50°C hot water, the solution was cooled to room temperature, and then all of it was transferred to a 1000 ml volumetric flask. After adding 50 ml of glacial acetic acid and stirring until uniform, 0.05 g of naphthalene ethylenediamine hydrochloride dissolved in water was added, and the solution was diluted to the mark with water and stirred until uniform. When used, it was diluted with water at a ratio of 1:4, and each 100 ml of the diluted solution was poured into a colorimetric tube and sealed for later use. 50 ml of each of the solutions of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-3 was sprayed into a glass bottle containing an equal amount of NO2, and the remaining gas was extracted and introduced into a colorimetric tube containing an absorption solution after 3 minutes of reaction. The wavelength of the ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer was set to 540 nm, and water was used as a control. The absorbance of the absorption solution in the colorimetric tube was measured. Subsequently, the NO2 was absorbed by the absorption solution to form nitrous acid, which underwent diazotization with p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid and coupling with naphthalene ethylenediamine hydrochloride to form a rose-colored product. The absorbance of the azo dye generated at a wavelength of 540 nm was proportional to the content of NO2, so the content of nitrogen oxides was quantitatively measured using spectrophotometry based on the color intensity. The removal efficiency was calculated by comparing it with the initial concentration of NO2 gas.

[0057] Table 1 Results of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-3

[0058]

[0059] The high-efficiency spray-type smoke dust inhibitor provided in Example 1 has the intermediate concentration of each substance, specifically, 0.10% of cocamide propyl betaine, 3.0% of magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 0.10% of urea, and 0.10% of ammonium acetate, in addition to 0.05% of polyacrylamide and 0.05% of sodium α-alkenyl sulfonate, and the rest is water. According to the surface tension measurement, the critical micelle concentration of cocamide propyl betaine is 0.10%, the critical micelle concentration of sodium α-alkenyl sulfonate is 0.05%, and the two substances have a synergistic effect to reduce the critical micelle concentration of the mixed solution. Therefore, based on Example 1, the amount of cocamide propyl betaine is adjusted to 0.05% to investigate the influence of the amount of cocamide propyl betaine on the surface tension, one of the experimental indicators. Meanwhile, by adjusting the amount of urea and ammonium acetate, the influence of the decrease of the two substances on the purification efficiency of CO and NO2 is investigated. Meanwhile, the amounts of other raw materials are the same as those in Example 1.

[0060] Thus, the high-efficiency spray-type smoke dust inhibitor of Example 2 is obtained, which contains 0.05% of cocamide propyl betaine, 3.0% of magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 0.08% of urea, and 0.08% of ammonium acetate, in addition to 0.05% of polyacrylamide and 0.05% of sodium α-alkenyl sulfonate, and the rest is water. According to the test, the surface tension of Example 2 is lower than that of Example 1, and the purification efficiency of CO and NO2 is increased.

[0061] The amount of magnesium chloride hexahydrate is increased to 4.0% to investigate the influence on the 2h dust sample water loss rate at 60°C, one of the experimental indicators. Since the CO purification efficiency is increased after the amount of urea in Example 1 is adjusted from 0.10% to 0.08% in Example 2, the amount of urea in Example 3 is 0.09% to investigate the change of the CO purification efficiency, one of the experimental indicators. Meanwhile, the amounts of other raw materials are the same as those in Example 2. The high-efficiency spray-type smoke dust inhibitor provided in Example 3 has 0.05% of cocamide propyl betaine, 4.0% of magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 0.09% of urea, and 0.08% of ammonium acetate, in addition to 0.05% of polyacrylamide and 0.05% of sodium α-alkenyl sulfonate, and the rest is water. According to the test, the 2h dust sample water loss rate at 60°C of Example 3 is increased compared with that of Example 2, and the CO purification efficiency is increased compared with that of Example 1 and Example 2.

[0062] As the amount of magnesium chloride hexahydrate in Example 2 is adjusted from 3.0% to 4.0% in Example 3, the 2h dust sample water loss rate at 60°C increases, so in Example 4, the amount of magnesium chloride hexahydrate is adjusted to 3.60% to investigate how the 2h dust sample water loss rate at 60°C changes. At the same time, the amounts of other raw materials are the same as in Example 3. In the high-efficiency spray-type smoke suppressant provided in Example 4, cocamide propyl betaine is 0.05%, magnesium chloride hexahydrate is 3.60%, urea is 0.09%, ammonium acetate is 0.08%, in addition, polyacrylamide is 0.05%, and sodium α-alkenyl sulfonate is 0.05%, and the balance is water. It can be known through testing that the 2h dust sample water loss rate at 60°C of Example 4 is lower than that of Example 3.

[0063] By gradually adjusting the amounts of various raw materials, the high-efficiency spray-type smoke suppressant of Example 4 is finally obtained, which contains cocamide propyl betaine 0.05%, magnesium chloride hexahydrate 3.60%, urea 0.09%, ammonium acetate 0.08%, in addition, polyacrylamide 0.05%, and sodium α-alkenyl sulfonate 0.05%, and the balance is water. Compared with Examples 1-3, the surface tension and 2h dust sample water loss rate at 60°C are the lowest, and the CO purification efficiency and NO2 purification efficiency are the highest. It shows that the smoke suppression effect of the smoke suppressant is significantly improved.

[0064] Comparative Example 1 uses 100% water. Compared with each example, the surface tension of Comparative Example 1 is significantly improved; the anti-evaporation performance is also reduced, the 2h dust sample water loss rate at 60°C is increased, close to 100%; the CO purification efficiency is significantly reduced, using the weak solubility of CO in water, the purification efficiency is 18.27%; the NO2 purification efficiency is significantly reduced, using the fact that NO2 is easily reacted with water to generate nitrous acid (HNO2) and nitric acid (HNO3), the purification efficiency is 42.56%.

[0065] Comparative Example 2, compared with Example 4, only adds one kind of zwitterionic surfactant cocamide propyl betaine 0.05%, without adding anionic surfactant sodium α-alkenyl sulfonate, to highlight the importance of synergistic effect. At the same time, the amounts of other raw materials are the same as in Example 4. The surface tension of Comparative Example 2 is significantly higher than that of Example 4, and at the same time, due to the increase of the surface tension, the wettability of the solution to the dust is also reduced, so another experimental index, the 2h dust sample water loss rate at 60°C, is also increased. When using zwitterionic surfactant cocamide propyl betaine alone, the desired use effect cannot be obtained.

[0066] Comparative Example 3, compared with Example 4, increases the amounts of urea and ammonium acetate to 0.15% to investigate its influence on the CO purification efficiency and NO2 purification efficiency. The CO purification efficiency and NO2 purification efficiency of Comparative Example 3 are significantly lower than those of Example 4.

[0067] From the data in Table 1, by comparing each experimental index of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-3, the smoke suppressant provided by Example 4 has better smoke suppression effect, can effectively improve the tunnel operation environment, and ensure the safety of underground workers.

[0068] The above merely provides a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto, any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical range disclosed by the present application, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A highly efficient sprayable smoke and dust suppressant, characterized in that, It includes the following components by mass percentage: cocamidopropyl betaine 0.05-0.15%, magnesium chloride hexahydrate 2-4%, urea 0.08-0.12%, ammonium acetate 0.08-0.12%, polyacrylamide 0.05%, sodium α-olefin sulfonate 0.05%, and the balance being water.

2. The high-efficiency sprayable smoke and dust suppressant according to claim 1, characterized in that, It is made from the following raw materials in the following weight percentages: cocamidopropyl betaine 0.05%, magnesium chloride hexahydrate 3.60%, urea 0.09%, ammonium acetate 0.08%, polyacrylamide 0.05%, sodium α-alkenyl sulfonate 0.05%, and the balance being water.

3. The preparation method of the high-efficiency sprayable smoke suppressant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Add polyacrylamide to the mixer and add some water until completely dissolved; (2) Add the remaining water, magnesium chloride hexahydrate, urea and ammonium acetate to the mixer and stir. (3) Add cocamidopropyl betaine and sodium α-alkenyl sulfonate to the mixer and continue stirring until the components are evenly mixed to obtain the smoke and dust inhibitor.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The preparation method includes the following steps: (1) Add polyacrylamide to a mixer, add 10% of the total water, heat and keep the temperature at 50°C, and stir for 15-20 minutes until completely dissolved; (2) Add the remaining water to the mixer, and add magnesium chloride hexahydrate, urea and ammonium acetate to the mixer in sequence at room temperature, stirring continuously; (3) Add cocamidopropyl betaine and sodium α-alkenyl sulfonate to the mixer and continue stirring until the components are evenly mixed to obtain the smoke and dust inhibitor.

5. The application of the smoke suppressant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, This includes using high-pressure spraying equipment to spray the smoke and dust inhibitor after blasting to control smoke and dust in the tunnel blasting area.

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