A woven spacer fabric with dual functions of vibration monitoring and vibration buffering

Abstract

This application relates to the field of textiles, and specifically discloses a woven spacer fabric with dual functions of vibration monitoring and vibration buffering. A woven spacer fabric with dual functions of vibration monitoring and vibration buffering includes an electro-negative friction layer, an electro-positive friction layer, and an electrode layer. The electro-positive friction layer is located between the electro-negative friction layer and the electrode layer. The electro-negative friction layer is woven by covered yarns, and the covered yarns are obtained by coating an organic dispersion liquid on the surface of the yarns. An electromagnetic shielding material is added to the organic dispersion liquid. The electrode layer is woven by copper-plated yarns, and the copper-plated yarns are obtained by depositing a conductive metal layer of copper on the surface of the yarns. The electro-positive friction layer is woven by nylon monofilaments. The monofilaments are intertwined with the covered yarns and the copper-plated yarns during weaving to achieve the connection of the electro-positive friction layer with the electro-negative friction layer and the electrode layer. The spacer fabric of this application has excellent vibration damping performance and vibration monitoring function.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of textiles, and more specifically, to a woven spacer fabric with dual functions of vibration monitoring and vibration buffering. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the science of textile materials has developed rapidly, and spacer fabrics, as high-performance textile structural flexible materials, have attracted much attention. It has excellent supporting and resilience properties, can provide stable support for objects and quickly return to its original state; good ventilation and breathability can keep air circulating and avoid stuffiness, humidity and dampness; at the same time, the characteristics of light weight and washability make it applicable in many fields. In terms of automotive seat materials, spacer fabrics, with these advantages, are gradually replacing traditional foam plastics and rubber materials and becoming an important choice to improve the comfort and health of seats, bringing a better experience to drivers and passengers.

[0003] In the exploration of related technologies, many studies have focused on the optimization of the performance of spacer fabrics. Taking the patent application document with the publication number CN116084082A as an example, the high-elastic shape-retaining composite fabric under the seat leather disclosed therein, through specific weaving methods, such as using GB1: 21 / 01 or 10 / 12 two-needle warp plain bundling, GB2: 000 / 000 / 111 / 000, GB3: 111 / 000 / 000 / 000 two paired comb knitting, and reasonably matching the warp and weft yarns, effectively improves the high-elastic fluffiness and softness of the fabric, enhances the high recovery and high stability of the size and shape, and can also increase the toughness characteristics of the leather after being compounded with the leather, preventing bulging and wrinkling, and achieving certain results in improving the basic performance of the fabric.

[0004] However, although the composite fabrics in related technologies have good resilience and softness, their vibration damping performance is weak. Especially for the drivers of long-haul freight trucks, during the driving process of the vehicle, the driver is in a bumpy and vibrating environment for a long time. This continuous vibration will not only make the driver feel discomfort such as fatigue and dizziness, but also may cause occupational diseases such as damage to the nervous system in the long run, seriously affecting the driver's working state and physical health. Therefore, designing a high-performance spacer fabric with excellent load-bearing capacity and vibration damping performance has become the key to improving the driver's working environment. At the same time, it is also crucial to effectively detect the vibration pressure on the driver's seat during work. By accurately monitoring the vibration pressure, data can be deeply analyzed, which can provide a basis for the optimization and improvement of the seat fabric, and also helps the driver adjust the sitting posture in time to reduce the adverse effects brought by vibration.

[0005] To sum up, in the application scenarios of spacer fabrics, especially in the field of automotive seats, how to achieve efficient vibration damping and accurate vibration pressure monitoring has become a key problem to be solved urgently. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to achieve efficient vibration reduction and accurate vibration pressure monitoring functions of spacer fabrics, the present application provides a woven spacer fabric with dual functions of vibration monitoring and vibration buffering.

[0007] The present application provides a woven spacer fabric with dual functions of vibration monitoring and vibration buffering, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] A woven spacer fabric with dual functions of vibration monitoring and vibration buffering, comprising an electrically negative friction layer, an electrically positive friction layer, and an electrode layer, wherein the electrically positive friction layer is located between the electrically negative friction layer and the electrode layer;

[0009] The negative friction layer is obtained by weaving a coated yarn through a warp knitting machine, wherein the coated yarn is obtained by coating an organic dispersion on the surface of the yarn and drying it, wherein the organic dispersion is added with an electromagnetic shielding material;

[0010] The electrode layer is obtained by weaving copper-plated yarn through a warp knitting machine, and the copper-plated yarn is obtained by chemically depositing copper on the yarn surface;

[0011] The electric positive friction layer is obtained by weaving monofilaments through a warp knitting machine;

[0012] The monofilaments, the coated yarns and the copper-plated yarns are interwoven with each other during weaving to achieve the connection between the electrically positive friction layer, the electrically negative friction layer and the electrode layer.

[0013] By employing this technical solution, when the fabric is subjected to external vibration, charge transfer occurs between the negative and positive friction layers during contact and separation due to the difference in electronegativity of the materials, generating a triboelectric effect. The electrode layer collects and transmits this charge, generating an electrical signal that enables vibration monitoring. This triboelectric monitoring method, based on the principle of triboelectricity, is highly sensitive and responsive, accurately capturing even the smallest vibration changes.

[0014] For vibration damping, the electropositive friction layer is woven from monofilaments. These monofilaments are interwoven with coated and copper-plated yarns to create a structure with a certain degree of elasticity and cushioning properties. When external pressure acts on the fabric, the monofilaments and yarns absorb and disperse energy through their own deformation, thereby buffering vibrations. Monofilaments are made from insulating materials that easily lose electrons, such as nylon monofilament. Although polyester monofilament is more widely used in spacer fabrics, nylon monofilament offers better triboelectric properties and superior elastic recovery than polyester monofilament. Because monofilament has a significantly higher flexural stiffness than yarn, nylon monofilament is used in the spacer layer to achieve a higher load-bearing capacity.

[0015] In addition, electromagnetic shielding materials are added to the covering yarns of the triboelectric layer. These materials have good electrical conductivity and unique microstructures, and can effectively reflect, absorb, and scatter electromagnetic waves. When there is external electromagnetic interference, the electromagnetic shielding materials can guide the interfering electromagnetic waves to the grounding system or attenuate them within the materials, reducing the influence of external electromagnetic interference on charge transfer and electrical signal transmission, ensuring the stable generation and transmission of triboelectric signals, and thus improving the accuracy of vibration monitoring.

[0016] The woven spacer fabric of this application has successfully achieved the dual functions of vibration monitoring and vibration buffering, and at the same time has a certain electromagnetic shielding ability, which can improve the accuracy and stability of vibration monitoring of the woven spacer fabric in a complex environment.

[0017] Optionally, the monofilaments form a spacer layer structure during the weaving process;

[0018] The spacer layer structure presents a cross-shaped spatial structure in the weft cross-section and a buckled spatial structure in the warp cross-section.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, when the woven spacer fabric is subjected to pressure or vibration in the vertical direction, the buckled monofilaments can elastically deform like a spring, converting the external energy into its own elastic potential energy. After the pressure is released, the monofilaments will return to their original shape and release the stored energy. This process of elastic deformation and recovery effectively absorbs and disperses the external vibration energy, reducing the impact of vibration on the upper object of the fabric.

[0020] In the horizontal direction, the cross-shaped spatial structure enables the monofilaments to support and constrain each other. When subjected to vibration or impact force in the horizontal direction, the cross-connections between the monofilaments can disperse the force over a larger range, avoiding local stress concentration. At the same time, the crossed monofilaments can further consume energy through mutual friction and sliding, thereby enhancing the buffering performance of the fabric in the horizontal direction.

[0021] Taking a car seat as an example, various vibrations will be generated during the driving of the vehicle. If these vibrations are directly transmitted to the passengers, it will affect the riding comfort. By using this woven spacer fabric with a special spacer layer structure as the seat material, it can effectively buffer and absorb these vibrations. The special spacer layer structure formed by monofilament weaving significantly improves the vibration buffering performance of the fabric, providing a more comfortable and stable experience for users.

[0022] Optionally, the covering yarn is prepared by the following method:

[0023] A. Mix nano-nickel, graphene, dimethyl silicone oil, toluene, stabilizer and dispersant, then perform ultrasonic treatment for 60 - 120 min, and then stir for 60 - 120 min to obtain an organic dispersion;

[0024] B. Clean and dry the yarn, then immerse the yarn in the organic dispersion for impregnation. The impregnation time is 10 - 30 min. After impregnation, remove the excess organic dispersion by scraping, and then dry and cure the impregnated yarn to obtain a pretreated yarn;

[0025] C. Perform hydrophobic treatment on the pretreated yarn to obtain a hydrophobic yarn;

[0026] D. Perform secondary impregnation treatment on the hydrophobic yarn to obtain a coated yarn.

[0027] By adopting the above technical solution, the yarn is immersed in the organic dispersion for impregnation, so that the organic dispersion adheres to the surface of the yarn. After drying and curing, electromagnetic shielding materials such as nano-nickel and graphene are firmly bonded to the yarn, forming a coating with electromagnetic shielding function. When there are electromagnetic waves in the outside world, the coating formed by nano-nickel and graphene can reflect and absorb the electromagnetic waves, achieving the effect of electromagnetic shielding.

[0028] For the hydrophobic treatment of the pretreated yarn, a hydrophobic treatment solution prepared by dissolving perfluorooctyl acrylate in dimethyl sulfoxide is used. Perfluorooctyl acrylate has an extremely low surface energy. After impregnation and drying, a closely arranged low surface energy hydrophobic film is formed on the surface of the yarn. When the environmental humidity is high, the hydrophobic film can prevent water from adhering to and penetrating the surface of the yarn, avoiding charge leakage caused by water, and ensuring the normal charge transfer between the negatively charged friction layer and the positively charged friction layer, thereby improving the accuracy of vibration monitoring.

[0029] Finally, perform secondary impregnation treatment on the hydrophobic yarn to introduce poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm). PNIPAAm is a humidity-sensitive intelligent material that will undergo volume change or surface property change in different humidity environments. When the environmental humidity increases, PNIPAAm shrinks, reducing the gap between the yarns and decreasing the possibility of water intrusion. At the same time, the change in its surface properties may affect the charge distribution, compensating for the impact of humidity change on charge transfer, maintaining the stability of the electrical signal, and further improving the vibration monitoring performance of the fabric in different humidity environments.

[0030] In summary, the coated yarn prepared by this method endows the negatively charged friction layer with good electromagnetic shielding performance, hydrophobic performance and humidity self-adaptive adjustment ability, thereby improving the accuracy and stability of vibration monitoring of the entire fabric.

[0031] Optionally, the components and ratios of the organic dispersion in step A are as follows:

[0032] 20 - 30 parts of nano nickel;

[0033] 5 - 10 parts of graphene;

[0034] 40 - 60 parts of dimethyl silicone oil;

[0035] 10 - 20 parts of toluene;

[0036] 1 - 3 parts of stabilizer;

[0037] 1 - 3 parts of dispersant.

[0038] By adopting the above technical solution, graphene has excellent electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, and its synergistic effect with nano nickel can further improve the electromagnetic shielding performance. Dimethyl silicone oil plays a role in lubrication and dispersion, which can ensure the uniform dispersion of nano nickel and graphene in the system. Dimethyl silicone oil has low surface tension and good fluidity, which can reduce the friction between nanoparticles and prevent them from agglomerating. At the same time, it can also endow the yarn with certain flexibility and smoothness, making the yarn more smooth during the weaving process and reducing the possibility of broken yarn. The stabilizer and dispersant can effectively prevent the agglomeration of nano nickel and graphene respectively, and maintain the stability of the dispersion liquid. The stabilizer can be adsorbed on the surface of nanoparticles through physical or chemical action to form a protective film, preventing the mutual attraction and agglomeration between particles. The dispersant can reduce the surface tension between particles, making the particles more stably dispersed in the liquid. Appropriate amounts of stabilizer and dispersant can improve the dispersion effect, while avoiding affecting the performance of the yarn or increasing the cost due to excessive addition.

[0039] Optionally, the stabilizer is any one of polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and oleic acid.

[0040] Optionally, the dispersant is any one of polyethylene glycol, sodium polyacrylate and lecithin.

[0041] Optionally, the method for hydrophobic treatment of the pretreated yarn in step C is as follows:

[0042] Dissolve perfluorooctyl acrylate in dimethyl sulfoxide to prepare a hydrophobic treatment solution with a mass concentration of 5% - 15%. Immerse the pretreated yarn in the hydrophobic treatment solution for 10 - 20 min. After immersion, take out the yarn, drain the excess treatment solution, and then dry it to obtain a hydrophobic yarn.

[0043] By adopting the above technical solution, according to the principle of surface chemistry, the wettability of a liquid on a solid surface depends on the surface energy of the solid surface. When the surface energy of the solid surface is relatively low, the contact angle of the liquid on its surface will increase, showing hydrophobic properties. The hydrophobic film formed by polyperfluorooctyl acrylate has an extremely low surface energy, which increases the contact angle of water on the surface of the yarn and makes it difficult for water to adhere and penetrate. In a humid environment, water is likely to accumulate on the surface of the yarn. If the yarn does not have hydrophobic properties, the water will cause charge leakage. The charge transfer between the negatively charged friction layer and the positively charged friction layer is achieved based on the triboelectric effect, and the presence of water will interfere with this charge transfer process. For example, water may dissolve some conductive substances to form a conductive channel, resulting in charge loss, thereby affecting the accuracy of vibration monitoring. For the yarn treated with hydrophobic treatment, the hydrophobic film on its surface can prevent water from adhering and penetrating on the surface of the yarn, avoiding problems such as charge leakage or short circuit caused by water. Even in a high-humidity environment, the charge transfer between the negatively charged friction layer and the positively charged friction layer can proceed normally, ensuring the stable generation and transmission of triboelectric signals, thereby improving the reliability and accuracy of the vibration monitoring function of the fabric in a humid environment.

[0044] Optionally, the specific method for performing a secondary impregnation treatment on the hydrophobic yarn in step D is as follows:

[0045] Dissolve poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) in ethanol to prepare an impregnation solution with a mass concentration of 2%-5%. Immerse the hydrophobic yarn in the impregnation solution for 15-20 minutes. After the impregnation is completed, take out the yarn and dry it at 40-60 °C to obtain a coated yarn.

[0046] By adopting the above technical solutions, in different humidity environments, PNIPAAm will undergo volume changes or surface property alterations. When the environmental humidity increases, the hydrophilic groups in the PNIPAAm molecules will interact with water molecules and absorb moisture, causing the molecular chains to expand. This expansion will reduce the gaps between the yarns and decrease the possibility of moisture intrusion. At the same time, the change in the surface properties of PNIPAAm will also affect the charge distribution. For example, when the humidity increases, the surface charge density of PNIPAAm may change, thereby compensating for the impact of humidity changes on charge transfer. In a dry environment, the hydrophobic groups in the PNIPAAm molecules interact with each other, causing the molecular chains to contract. The gaps between the yarns relatively increase, facilitating air circulation and reducing the possibility of static electricity accumulation. This humidity self-adaptive adjustment ability enables the yarn to automatically adjust its own performance according to the change in environmental humidity and maintain the stability of the electrical signal. During the vibration monitoring process, the change in environmental humidity may interfere with charge transfer and electrical signal transmission, resulting in inaccurate monitoring results. After introducing PNIPAAm, the fabric can maintain stable performance in different humidity environments. When the humidity changes, PNIPAAm can respond in a timely manner, compensating for the impact of humidity changes on charge transfer, ensuring the stable generation and transmission of triboelectric signals, and thus improving the accuracy of vibration monitoring and the ability to resist humidity interference.

[0047] Optionally, the copper-plated yarn is prepared by the following method:

[0048] (1) Clean and dry the yarn, then immerse the yarn in a hydrochloric acid solution for 10 - 15 min, and wash it after soaking.

[0049] (2) Dissolve stannous chloride in a hydrochloric acid solution to make a sensitizing solution with a concentration of 10 - 20 g / L. Immerse the yarn obtained in step (1) in the sensitizing solution for 10 - 15 min, and take it out after soaking.

[0050] (3) Dissolve palladium chloride in a hydrochloric acid solution to make an activating solution with a concentration of 0.5 - 1 g / L. Immerse the yarn obtained in step (2) in the activating solution for 10 - 15 min, and take it out after soaking.

[0051] (4) Immerse the yarn obtained in step (3) in an electroless copper plating solution, stir and react at a temperature of 40 - 50 °C for 30 - 60 min. After the reaction ends, take out the yarn, rinse it three times with deionized water, and then dry it at 60 - 80 °C to obtain the copper-plated yarn.

[0052] By adopting the above technical solution, first, the yarn is cleaned and dried to remove impurities and moisture on the surface of the yarn, ensuring the effect of subsequent treatment. Then the yarn is immersed in hydrochloric acid solution. Hydrochloric acid can remove oxides and other contaminants on the surface of the yarn, which is beneficial to subsequent sensitization and activation treatment. The sensitization treatment is to dissolve stannous chloride in hydrochloric acid solution to make a sensitizing solution, and immerse the yarn in the sensitizing solution. The tin ions in stannous chloride will adsorb on the surface of the yarn, forming a layer of tin layer with reducibility. This tin layer can provide active sites for subsequent activation treatment, enabling the activator to better adsorb on the surface of the yarn. The activation treatment is to dissolve palladium chloride (PdCl2) in hydrochloric acid solution to make an activation solution, and immerse the yarn after sensitization treatment in the activation solution. The palladium ions in palladium chloride will be reduced to palladium atoms by tin ions and deposited on the surface of the yarn. Palladium atoms have good catalytic activity and can act as a catalyst for electroless copper plating to promote the reduction reaction of copper ions. Finally, the yarn after activation treatment is immersed in the electroless copper plating solution, and stirred and reacted at a temperature of 40 - 50 °C for 30 - 60 min. Copper sulfate in the electroless copper plating solution provides copper ions, and formaldehyde acts as a reducing agent. Under the catalytic action of palladium atoms, copper ions are reduced to copper atoms and deposited on the surface of the yarn. As the reaction proceeds, copper atoms are continuously deposited, forming a uniform and continuous copper plating layer. Copper is a good conductive material with low resistance and high conductivity. The copper plating layer on the surface of the copper-plated yarn can efficiently collect the charges generated by the triboelectric effect between the electronegative friction layer and the electropositive friction layer, and transmit these charges to the external circuit to form an electrical signal. In this way, through the detection and analysis of the electrical signal, the vibration monitoring can be realized. The whole preparation process ensures the conductive performance of the copper-plated yarn and provides a guarantee for accurate vibration monitoring.

[0053] Optionally, the electroless copper plating solution comprises raw materials in the following parts by weight:

[0054] 10 - 20 parts of copper sulfate;

[0055] 30 - 50 parts of potassium sodium tartrate;

[0056] 10 - 15 parts of sodium hydroxide;

[0057] 10 - 15 parts of formaldehyde;

[0058] 150 - 200 parts of water.

[0059] By adopting the above technical solution, the above formula of the electroless copper plating solution ensures the smooth progress of the electroless copper plating process, obtains a high-quality copper plating layer, improves the conductive performance and stability of the electrode layer, and thus improves the vibration monitoring performance of the fabric.

[0060] In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects: [[ID=##]] [[ID=##]]

[0061] 1. Due to the layered structure design of the electro-negative friction layer, electro-positive friction layer and electrode layer in this application, combined with the principle of triboelectric nanogenerator, dual functions of vibration monitoring and vibration buffering are obtained. The woven spacer fabric of this application realizes multiple functions through a unique layered structure. Due to the difference in material electro-negativity between the electro-negative friction layer and the electro-positive friction layer, charge transfer occurs during external vibration, generating a triboelectric effect. The electrode layer is responsible for collecting and transmitting charges to form an electrical signal, realizing vibration monitoring with high sensitivity and rapid response. In the scenario of automotive seats, it can accurately capture the minute vibrations during vehicle driving and provide accurate vibration data for the driver. In terms of vibration buffering, the electro-positive friction layer is made of monofilaments woven and interwoven with other yarns to form a structure with elasticity and buffering performance. The monofilaments form cross-shaped and buckled spatial structures in the weft and warp directions respectively. When subjected to pressure or vibration, the buckled monofilaments elastically deform like springs to absorb energy, and the cross-shaped structure disperses the force in the horizontal direction and consumes energy through frictional sliding, effectively reducing vibration transmission and enhancing riding comfort. In addition, the covering yarn of the electro-negative friction layer is added with an electromagnetic shielding material, which can effectively reflect, absorb and scatter electromagnetic waves, reducing the influence of electromagnetic interference on charge transfer and electrical signal transmission, ensuring the accuracy and stability of vibration monitoring in a complex electromagnetic environment, and guaranteeing the normal operation of the monitoring performance of the spacer fabric in various environments.

[0062] 2. In this application, a specific method for preparing covering yarns is preferably adopted, including adding a variety of functional materials and performing multiple steps of treatment, obtaining the effect that the electro-negative friction layer has good electromagnetic shielding, hydrophobic and humidity self-adaptive regulation capabilities. When preparing the covering yarns, a mixed organic dispersion liquid is made from nano-nickel, graphene, etc., and through ultrasonic and stirring treatments, the electromagnetic shielding material is evenly dispersed in dimethyl silicone oil. Dimethyl silicone oil not only plays a dispersing role but also imparts flexibility and smoothness to the yarns, facilitating weaving. Nano-nickel and graphene synergistically improve the electromagnetic shielding performance. When there are electromagnetic waves in the external environment, they reflect and absorb electromagnetic waves by generating induced currents and reverse magnetic fields. The yarns are subjected to hydrophobic treatment, and a hydrophobic treatment liquid is prepared by dissolving perfluorooctyl acrylate in dimethyl sulfoxide. Perfluorooctyl acrylate has an extremely low surface energy, forming a hydrophobic film on the surface of the yarns, increasing the water contact angle, preventing water from adhering and penetrating, avoiding charge leakage or short circuit caused by water, ensuring normal charge transfer in a humid environment, and improving the accuracy of vibration monitoring. Secondary impregnation introduces poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm), which undergoes volume changes or surface property changes in different humidity environments. When the humidity increases, the molecular chains expand, reducing the yarn gap and preventing water intrusion. At the same time, the change in surface charge density compensates for the influence of humidity on charge transfer. When it is dry, the molecular chains contract, increasing the yarn gap and reducing static electricity accumulation. This humidity self-adaptive regulation ability maintains the stability of the electrical signal and improves the vibration monitoring performance of the fabric in different humidity environments.

[0063] 3. The method of this application obtains a high-quality copper coating through precise control of the copper-plated yarn preparation process and optimization of the electroless copper plating solution formula, improving the conductivity and stability of the electrode layer, and thus enhancing the vibration monitoring performance of the fabric. During the preparation of the copper-plated yarn, the yarn is first cleaned and dried, and then soaked in hydrochloric acid for activation to prepare for subsequent treatment. The sensitization treatment enables the tin ions to be adsorbed on the yarn surface, forming a reducing tin layer to provide active sites for the activation treatment. During the activation treatment, palladium ions are reduced to palladium atoms and deposited on the yarn surface, and the palladium atoms act as catalysts to promote the electroless copper plating reaction. During electroless copper plating, the yarn is immersed in a copper plating solution with a specific formula and stirred at a suitable temperature. Copper sulfate in the copper plating solution provides copper ions, potassium sodium tartrate serves as a complexing agent to control the release rate of copper ions, sodium hydroxide adjusts the pH value, and formaldehyde serves as a reducing agent. Under the catalysis of palladium atoms, copper ions are reduced to copper atoms and deposited on the yarn surface. A reasonable copper plating solution formula and reaction conditions ensure the formation of a uniform and continuous high-quality copper coating. The copper coating has good conductivity, can efficiently collect and transmit the charges generated by the negatively charged friction layer and the positively charged friction layer, forming a stable electrical signal. The high-quality copper coating improves the conductivity and stability of the electrode layer, reduces signal transmission loss, ensures the accuracy of vibration monitoring, provides a reliable conductive basis for vibration monitoring based on the triboelectric principle, and enables the fabric to perform better in vibration monitoring applications. Description of the Drawings

[0064] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall layer structure of the woven spacer fabric according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0065] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spacer layer of the woven spacer fabric in the weft direction according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0066] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spacer layer of the woven spacer fabric in the warp direction according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0067] Reference numerals: 1, negatively charged friction layer; 2, positively charged friction layer; 3, electrode layer. Detailed Embodiments

[0068] The following further describes the present application in detail with reference to embodiments.

[0069] Preparation Example of Cover Yarn

[0070] The yarn used in the preparation example of the cover yarn is PTFE yarn, with a linear density of 200 tex and a twist of 500 T / m.

[0071] Preparation Example 1

[0072] The cover yarn is prepared by the following method:

[0073] A. Mix nano-nickel, graphene, dimethyl silicone oil, toluene, stabilizer and dispersant according to the ratio in Table 1, then perform ultrasonic treatment for 60 min, and then stir for 60 min to obtain an organic dispersion; the stabilizer is selected as polyvinylpyrrolidone; the dispersant is selected as polyethylene glycol;

[0074] B. Clean and dry the PTFE yarn, then immerse the yarn in the organic dispersion for impregnation, the impregnation time is 10 min, after impregnation, remove the excess organic dispersion by scraping, and then dry and cure the impregnated yarn to obtain a pretreated yarn;

[0075] C. Dissolve perfluorooctyl acrylate in dimethyl sulfoxide to prepare a hydrophobic treatment solution with a mass concentration of 5%, immerse the pretreated yarn in the hydrophobic treatment solution for 10 min, after impregnation, take out the yarn, drain the excess treatment solution, and then dry to obtain a hydrophobic yarn;

[0076] D. Dissolve poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) in ethanol to prepare an impregnation solution with a mass concentration of 2%, immerse the hydrophobic yarn in the impregnation solution for 15 min, after impregnation, take out the yarn, and dry at 40 °C to obtain a coated yarn.

[0077] Preparation Example 2

[0078] The coated yarn is prepared by the following method:

[0079] A. Mix nano-nickel, graphene, dimethyl silicone oil, toluene, stabilizer and dispersant according to the ratio in Table 1, then perform ultrasonic treatment for 90 min, and then stir for 90 min to obtain an organic dispersion; the stabilizer is selected as sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate; the dispersant is selected as sodium polyacrylate;

[0080] B. Clean and dry the PTFE yarn, then immerse the yarn in the organic dispersion for impregnation, the impregnation time is 20 min, after impregnation, remove the excess organic dispersion by scraping, and then dry and cure the impregnated yarn to obtain a pretreated yarn;

[0081] C. Dissolve perfluorooctyl acrylate in dimethyl sulfoxide to prepare a hydrophobic treatment solution with a mass concentration of 10%, immerse the pretreated yarn in the hydrophobic treatment solution for 15 min, after impregnation, take out the yarn, drain the excess treatment solution, and then dry to obtain a hydrophobic yarn;

[0082] D. Dissolve poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) in ethanol to prepare an impregnation solution with a mass concentration of 4%, immerse the hydrophobic yarn in the impregnation solution for 18 min, after impregnation, take out the yarn, and dry at 50 °C to obtain a coated yarn.

[0083] Preparation Example 3

[0084] Covered yarn, prepared by the following method:

[0085] A. After mixing nano nickel, graphene, dimethyl silicone oil, toluene, stabilizer and dispersant according to the ratio in Table 1, ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 120 min, and then stirring is carried out for 120 min to obtain an organic dispersion; the stabilizer is selected as sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate; the dispersant is selected as sodium polyacrylate;

[0086] B. Clean and dry the PTFE yarn, then immerse the yarn in the organic dispersion for impregnation, the impregnation time is 30 min, after the impregnation is completed, remove the excess organic dispersion by means of scraping, and then dry and cure the impregnated yarn to obtain a pretreated yarn;

[0087] C. Dissolve perfluorooctyl acrylate in dimethyl sulfoxide to prepare a hydrophobic treatment liquid with a mass concentration of 15%, immerse the pretreated yarn in the hydrophobic treatment liquid for 20 min, after the impregnation is completed, take out the yarn, drain the excess treatment liquid, and then dry to obtain a hydrophobic yarn;

[0088] D. Dissolve poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) in ethanol to prepare an impregnation liquid with a mass concentration of 5%, immerse the hydrophobic yarn in the impregnation liquid for 20 min, after the impregnation is completed, take out the yarn, and dry at 60 °C to obtain a covered yarn.

[0089] Table 1 Components and ratios (kg) of the organic dispersion in Preparation Examples 1-3

[0090]

[0091] Preparation Example 4

[0092] Covered yarn, different from Preparation Example 3 in that: in this preparation example, hydrophobic treatment is not carried out, that is, the operation of step C is not carried out, and in step D, the pretreated yarn obtained in step B is directly used for impregnation.

[0093] Preparation Example 5

[0094] Covered yarn, different from Preparation Example 3 in that: in this preparation example, secondary impregnation treatment is not carried out, that is, the operation of step D is not carried out.

[0095] Preparation Example 6

[0096] Covered yarn, different from Preparation Example 3 in that: in this preparation example, nano nickel is not added to the organic dispersion in step A.

[0097] Preparation examples of copper-plated yarn

[0098] The yarn used in the preparation example of copper-plated yarn is nylon yarn, with a linear density of 300 tex and a twist of 550 T / m.

[0099] Preparation Example 7

[0100] The copper-plated yarn is prepared by the following method:

[0101] (1) Clean and dry the nylon yarn, then immerse the yarn in a hydrochloric acid solution for 10 min. After soaking, rinse it with deionized water until neutral.

[0102] (2) Dissolve stannous chloride in a hydrochloric acid solution with a mass concentration of 15% to make a sensitizing solution with a concentration of 10 g / L. Immerse the yarn obtained in step (1) in the sensitizing solution for 10 min, and then take it out after soaking.

[0103] (3) Dissolve palladium chloride in a hydrochloric acid solution with a mass concentration of 15% to make an activating solution with a concentration of 0.5 g / L. Immerse the yarn obtained in step (2) in the activating solution for 10 min, and then take it out after soaking.

[0104] (4) Immerse the yarn obtained in step (3) in the electroless copper plating solution. The components and ratios of the electroless copper plating solution are shown in Table 2. Then stir and react at a temperature of 40 °C for 30 min. After the reaction is completed, take out the yarn and then dry it at 60 °C to obtain the copper-plated yarn.

[0105] Preparation Example 8

[0106] The copper-plated yarn is prepared by the following method:

[0107] (1) Clean and dry the nylon yarn, then immerse the yarn in a hydrochloric acid solution for 12 min. After soaking, rinse it with deionized water until neutral.

[0108] (2) Dissolve stannous chloride in a hydrochloric acid solution with a mass concentration of 15% to make a sensitizing solution with a concentration of 15 g / L. Immerse the yarn obtained in step (1) in the sensitizing solution for 12 min, and then take it out after soaking.

[0109] (3) Dissolve palladium chloride in a hydrochloric acid solution with a mass concentration of 15% to make an activating solution with a concentration of 0.8 g / L. Immerse the yarn obtained in step (2) in the activating solution for 12 min, and then take it out after soaking.

[0110] (4) Immerse the yarn obtained in step (3) in the electroless copper plating solution. The components and ratios of the electroless copper plating solution are shown in Table 2. Then stir and react at a temperature of 45 °C for 50 min. After the reaction is completed, take out the yarn and then dry it at 70 °C to obtain the copper-plated yarn.

[0111] Preparation Example 9

[0112] Copper-plated yarn is prepared by the following method:

[0113] (1) Clean and dry the nylon yarn, then immerse the yarn in hydrochloric acid solution for 15 min, and rinse with deionized water until neutral after immersion;

[0114] (2) Dissolve stannous chloride in hydrochloric acid solution with a mass concentration of 15% to prepare a sensitizing solution with a concentration of 20 g / L. Immerse the yarn obtained in step (1) in the sensitizing solution for 15 min, and take it out after immersion;

[0115] (3) Dissolve palladium chloride in hydrochloric acid solution with a mass concentration of 15% to prepare an activating solution with a concentration of 1.0 g / L. Immerse the yarn obtained in step (2) in the activating solution for 15 min, and take it out after immersion;

[0116] (4) Immerse the yarn obtained in step (3) in electroless copper plating solution. The components and ratios of the electroless copper plating solution are shown in Table 2. Then stir and react at a temperature of 50 °C for 60 min. After the reaction, take out the yarn, and then dry it at 80 °C to obtain copper-plated yarn.

[0117] Table 2 Components and ratios of electroless copper plating solution for Preparation Examples 7-9 (kg)

[0118]

[0119] Example

[0120] Example 1

[0121] As Figure 1 shown, a woven spacer fabric with dual functions of vibration monitoring and vibration buffering includes an electro-negative friction layer 1, an electro-positive friction layer 2, and an electrode layer 3. The electro-positive friction layer 2 is located between the electro-negative friction layer 1 and the electrode layer 3; the electro-negative friction layer 1 is woven by covering yarn through a warp knitting machine. During knitting, the warp feeding amount of the warp knitting machine is 400 mm / rack; the pulling speed is 30 m / min; the electrode layer 3 is woven by copper-plated yarn through a warp knitting machine. During knitting, the warp feeding amount of the warp knitting machine is 350 mm / rack; the pulling speed is 25 m / min; the electro-positive friction layer 2 is woven by monofilament through a warp knitting machine. During knitting, the warp feeding amount of the warp knitting machine is 300 mm / rack; the pulling speed is 25 m / min. In this example, the covering yarn is the covering yarn prepared in Preparation Example 1; the copper-plated yarn is the copper-plated yarn prepared in Preparation Example 7, and the monofilament selects nylon monofilament.

[0122] As Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the monofilament is intertwined with the covered yarn and the copper-plated yarn during weaving to achieve the connection between the positive triboelectric layer 2, the negative triboelectric layer 1, and the electrode layer 3. The monofilament forms a spacer layer structure during the weaving process; the spacer layer structure presents a cross-shaped spatial structure in the weft cross-section, and the spacer layer structure presents a buckled spatial structure in the warp cross-section.

[0123] Example 2

[0124] A woven spacer fabric with dual functions of vibration monitoring and vibration buffering, which is different from Example 1 in that in this example, the covered yarn is the covered yarn prepared in Preparation Example 2; the copper-plated yarn is the copper-plated yarn prepared in Preparation Example 8.

[0125] Example 3

[0126] A woven spacer fabric with dual functions of vibration monitoring and vibration buffering, which is different from Example 1 in that in this example, the covered yarn is the covered yarn prepared in Preparation Example 3; the copper-plated yarn is the copper-plated yarn prepared in Preparation Example 9.

[0127] Example 4

[0128] A woven spacer fabric with dual functions of vibration monitoring and vibration buffering, which is different from Example 1 in that in this example, the covered yarn is the covered yarn prepared in Preparation Example 4; the copper-plated yarn is the copper-plated yarn prepared in Preparation Example 9.

[0129] Example 5

[0130] A woven spacer fabric with dual functions of vibration monitoring and vibration buffering, which is different from Example 1 in that in this example, the covered yarn is the covered yarn prepared in Preparation Example 5; the copper-plated yarn is the copper-plated yarn prepared in Preparation Example 9.

[0131] Example 6

[0132] A woven spacer fabric with dual functions of vibration monitoring and vibration buffering, which is different from Example 1 in that in this example, the covered yarn is the covered yarn prepared in Preparation Example 6; the copper-plated yarn is the copper-plated yarn prepared in Preparation Example 9.

[0133] Comparative Example

[0134] Comparative Example 1

[0135] The composite fabric was prepared according to Example 1 of the patent with the publication number CN116084082A and the patent name "A High-Elastic Shape-Preserving Composite Fabric under Seat Leather".

[0136] Comparative Example 2

[0137] A woven spacer fabric with dual functions of vibration monitoring and vibration buffering, which is different from Example 1 in that the electro-negative friction layer in this example is directly woven with PTFE yarns, and the electrode layer is directly woven with nylon yarns.

[0138] Comparative Example 3

[0139] A woven spacer fabric with dual functions of vibration monitoring and vibration buffering, which is different from Example 1 in that the electro-positive friction layer in this example is woven with polyester monofilaments.

[0140] Performance detection test

[0141] Test 1: Vibration damping performance test

[0142] The fabrics of Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were respectively placed on a vibration test platform. By comparing the collected values of Accelerometer II and Accelerometer I, the vibration transfer ratio TRH of the system could be obtained. When TRH < 1, it indicates that the spacer fabric has a vibration damping effect. The smaller the TRH value, the better the vibration damping effect; when TRH > 1, it means that not only does it not play a vibration damping role, but instead increases the vibration. The test results are shown in Table 3.

[0143] Table 3: Test results of vibration damping performance

[0144]

[0145] Test 2: Vibration monitoring performance test

[0146] A vibration generating device capable of generating vibrations with different frequencies and amplitudes, such as an electromagnetic vibrator, was selected to accurately record the applied vibration conditions. The fabric sample to be tested was fixed on an electrical testing device to ensure that the electrode layer could be well connected to the electrodes of the electrical testing device to collect the electrical signals generated by the fabric. The vibration parameters of the vibration generating device were set to gradually change from low frequency to high frequency, such as 5 Hz, 10 Hz, 20 Hz, and tests were carried out at each frequency. Each time a test was conducted, the vibration generating device was started to generate vibrations according to the set parameters, and at the same time, the electrical testing device was used to record the change in the voltage signal generated by the woven spacer fabric. The stable voltage value under each test condition and the voltage change curve over time were recorded. The test results are shown in Table 4.

[0147] Table 4: Test results of vibration monitoring performance

[0148]

[0149] Test 3: Monitoring performance stability test

[0150] On the basis of Test 2, when the vibration frequency of the vibration generating device was 20 Hz and the voltage signal generated by the woven spacer fabric was stable as recorded by the electrical testing device, an electromagnetic signal with a frequency of 50 Hz and an intensity of 50 μT was applied to the test bench using a signal generator. The vertical distance between the signal generator and the fabric sample was 10 cm. Under the condition of applying electromagnetic interference, the change of the voltage signal displayed by the electrical testing device was continuously observed and recorded. The fluctuation range of the voltage and whether abnormal voltage spikes or mutations occurred were recorded. The test results are shown in Table 5.

[0151] Table 5 Test Results of Monitoring Performance Stability

[0152]

[0153] As can be seen from Table 3, the TRH values of Examples 1 - 6 are all less than 1, indicating that these fabrics all have vibration damping effects. Among them, the TRH value of Example 3 is the smallest (0.30), and the vibration damping effect is the best. This is because the preparation process of the covered yarn in Example 3 is better, the proportion of each component in the organic dispersion liquid is reasonable, and the electromagnetic shielding material is evenly dispersed, making the performance of the electro-negative friction layer better. At the same time, the spacer layer structure formed by the single-filament weaving can more effectively absorb and disperse energy when buffering vibration. For example, when the buckled single-filament vibrates in the vertical direction, it has strong elastic deformation ability and can convert more vibration energy into elastic potential energy; the cross-shaped structure can better disperse force and consume energy in the horizontal direction.

[0154] As can be seen from Table 3, the TRH value of Comparative Example 1 is 1.21, which is greater than 1. Instead of playing a vibration damping role, it increases the vibration. This is because the structure and material composition of the composite fabric prepared in Comparative Example 1 are different from those of the woven spacer fabric of the present application, and it does not have the unique vibration damping structure and functional materials of the fabric of the present application, so it cannot effectively buffer vibration, resulting in an increase in the vibration transmission rate. The TRH value of Comparative Example 2 is 0.62, which has a certain vibration damping effect but is not as good as that of the example. Its electro-negative friction layer is directly woven with PTFE yarn, and the electrode layer is directly woven with nylon yarn, lacking the special treatment of the covered yarn and copper-plated yarn in the present application, and cannot give full play to the vibration damping effect of the electromagnetic shielding material and the special structure, resulting in limited vibration damping performance.

[0155] The TRH value of Comparative Example 3 is 1.14, which is greater than 1, and the vibration damping effect is poor. Its electro-positive friction layer is woven with polyester monofilaments, which is different from the structure of the nylon monofilaments woven in the example, and is weak in the ability to absorb and disperse vibration energy, and cannot effectively buffer vibration, resulting in a relatively high vibration transmission rate.

[0156] As can be seen from Table 4, the stable voltage values of Examples 1-3 are relatively high at different frequencies. Taking Example 1 as an example, the stable voltage values at 5Hz, 10Hz, and 20Hz are 52.3mV, 71.6mV, and 83.2mV respectively. This is because the preparation process of the covered yarns in Examples 1-3 is complete, the electromagnetic shielding materials are evenly dispersed, which can effectively reduce the influence of electromagnetic interference on charge transfer. At the same time, the preparation process of the copper-plated yarns in their electrode layers is reasonable, the copper coating has high quality and good conductivity, which can efficiently collect and transmit charges, thus generating relatively high stable voltage values and achieving accurate vibration monitoring.

[0157] As can be seen from Table 4, the stable voltage values of Examples 4-6 are slightly worse than those of Examples 1-3. For example, the stable voltage values of Example 4 at 5Hz, 10Hz, and 20Hz are 35.3mV, 51.7mV, and 62.8mV respectively. In Example 4, no hydrophobic treatment was carried out, and moisture may affect charge transfer; in Example 5, no secondary impregnation treatment was carried out, lacking the ability of humidity self-adaptive adjustment; in Example 6, no nano-nickel was added, resulting in a decline in electromagnetic shielding performance. These factors all lead to certain influences on charge transfer and electrical signal transmission, a decrease in the stable voltage value, and a weakening of vibration monitoring performance.

[0158] As can be seen from Table 4, the stable voltage values of Comparative Examples 1-3 are the lowest and their vibration monitoring performance is the worst. The structure and materials of Comparative Example 1 are different from those of this application, and they cannot effectively generate and transmit charges; in Comparative Example 2, the electro-negative friction layer and the electrode layer were not specially treated, and the charge generation and transmission efficiency are low; in Comparative Example 3, the material of the electro-positive friction layer is different, affecting charge transfer. All these make the voltage signals generated during their vibration monitoring weak and it is difficult to accurately monitor vibrations.

[0159] As can be seen from Table 5, the voltage fluctuation ranges of Examples 1-3 are relatively small (±2 - ±3mV) and no abnormalities occur. This is because their covered yarns have good electromagnetic shielding, hydrophobic, and humidity self-adaptive adjustment capabilities, which can effectively resist the influence of external electromagnetic interference and humidity changes on charge transfer and electrical signal transmission. The high-quality copper coating in the electrode layer has stable conductivity, ensuring stable electrical signal transmission. Therefore, the voltage fluctuation is small under electromagnetic interference and the monitoring performance is stable.

[0160] As can be seen from Table 5, the voltage fluctuation ranges of Examples 4-6 are relatively large (±7 - ±12mV), and an abnormality occurs in Example 6. In Example 4, no hydrophobic treatment was carried out, and moisture interferes with charge transfer; in Example 5, no secondary impregnation was carried out and it cannot adapt to humidity changes; in Example 6, no nano-nickel was added, resulting in insufficient electromagnetic shielding. These defects lead to unstable charge transfer and electrical signal transmission under electromagnetic interference, large voltage fluctuations, and even abnormalities.

[0161] As can be seen from Table 5, the voltage fluctuation ranges of Comparative Examples 1-3 are extremely large (±17 - ±19 mV) and all show abnormalities. In Comparative Example 1, the structure and materials cannot effectively stabilize charge transfer; in Comparative Example 2, without special treatment, the electrical signals are easily interfered; in Comparative Example 3, the electropositive friction layer material affects the stability of charge transport. These factors make their monitoring performance extremely unstable under electromagnetic interference, with severe voltage fluctuations and abnormalities occurring.

[0162] This specific embodiment is only an interpretation of the present application and does not limit the present application. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to this embodiment without creative contributions as needed, but as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present application, they are protected by the patent law.

Claims

1. A woven spacer fabric with dual functions of vibration monitoring and vibration buffering, characterized in that, It includes an electro-negative friction layer (1), an electro-positive friction layer (2) and an electrode layer (3), and the electro-positive friction layer (2) is located between the electro-negative friction layer (1) and the electrode layer (3); The electro-negative friction layer (1) is obtained by knitting covered yarns through a warp knitting machine, the electrode layer (3) is obtained by knitting copper-plated yarns through a warp knitting machine, and the copper-plated yarns are obtained by chemically plating and depositing copper on the surface of polyamide yarns; The electro-positive friction layer (2) is obtained by knitting monofilaments through a warp knitting machine; the monofilaments are polyamide monofilaments; The monofilaments are intertwined with the covered yarns and the copper-plated yarns during knitting to realize the connection between the electro-positive friction layer (2) and the electro-negative friction layer (1) and the electrode layer (3); The monofilaments form a spacer layer structure during knitting; The spacer layer structure presents a cross-shaped space structure in the weft cross-section and a buckled space structure in the warp cross-section; The preparation method of the covered yarns is as follows: A. Mix nano nickel, graphene, dimethyl silicone oil, toluene, a stabilizer and a dispersant, then perform ultrasonic treatment, and stir to obtain an organic dispersion; B. Clean and dry the PTFE yarns, then immerse them in the organic dispersion for impregnation. After the impregnation is completed, remove the excess organic dispersion, and perform drying and curing to obtain pre-treated yarns; C. Dissolve perfluorooctyl acrylate in dimethyl sulfoxide to prepare a hydrophobic treatment solution with a mass concentration of 5%-15%. Immerse the pre-treated yarns in the hydrophobic treatment solution for 10-20 min. After the impregnation is completed, take out the yarns, drain the excess treatment solution, and then perform drying to obtain hydrophobic yarns; D. Dissolve poly N-isopropylacrylamide in ethanol to prepare an impregnation solution with a mass concentration of 2%-5%. Immerse the hydrophobic yarns in the impregnation solution for 15-20 min. After the impregnation is completed, take out the yarns, and dry them at 40-60 °C to obtain covered yarns; The components and ratios of the organic dispersion in step A are as follows: 20-30 parts of nano nickel; 5-10 parts of graphene; 40-60 parts of dimethyl silicone oil; 10-20 parts of toluene; 1-3 parts of stabilizer; 1-3 parts of dispersant.

2. The woven spacer fabric with dual functions of vibration monitoring and vibration buffering according to claim 1, wherein: The stabilizer is any one of polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and oleic acid.

3. The woven spacer fabric with dual functions of vibration monitoring and vibration buffering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dispersant is any one of polyethylene glycol, sodium polyacrylate and lecithin.

4. The woven spacer fabric with dual functions of vibration monitoring and vibration buffering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The copper-plated yarns are prepared by the following method: (1) Immerse the yarns in hydrochloric acid solution for 10-15 min, and clean them after the immersion is completed; (2) Dissolve stannous chloride in hydrochloric acid solution to prepare a sensitizing solution with a concentration of 10-20 g / L. Immerse the yarns obtained in step (1) in the sensitizing solution for 10-15 min, and take them out after the immersion is completed; (3) Dissolve palladium chloride in hydrochloric acid solution to prepare an activating solution with a concentration of 0.5-1 g / L. Immerse the yarns obtained in step (2) in the activating solution for 10-15 min, and take them out after the immersion is completed; (4) Immerse the yarn obtained in step (3) into the electroless copper plating solution, stir and react at a temperature of 40 - 50 °C for 30 - 60 min. After the reaction ends, take out the yarn, rinse it three times with deionized water, and then dry it at 60 - 80 °C to obtain copper-plated yarn.

5. The woven spacer fabric with dual functions of vibration monitoring and vibration buffering according to claim 4, characterized in that, The electroless copper plating solution comprises raw materials in the following weight parts: 10 - 20 parts of copper sulfate; 30 - 50 parts of sodium potassium tartrate; 10 - 15 parts of sodium hydroxide; 10 - 15 parts of formaldehyde; 150 - 200 parts of water.

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