Parallel construction method for tunneling operation and arching operation in tunnel

Abstract

The invention discloses a parallel construction method for tunneling operation and arching operation in a tunnel, which is characterized in that a rack for supporting each functional part is arranged in the tunnel, and a tunneling mechanism and an arching mechanism are arranged on the rack; when the tunneling mechanism carries out tunneling operation, the arching mechanism carries out arching operation; according to the scheme, the vertical arching operation can be carried out while tunneling is carried out, the risk that slag tapping operators construct under an exposed rock stratum is reduced, and meanwhile, the problems that an existing construction method is low in efficiency and wastes time are solved through parallel construction of vertical arching and tunneling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and in particular to a parallel construction method for excavation work and arch erection work in a tunnel. Background Art

[0002] In traditional road construction, a specific process is followed, namely excavation, slag removal, measurement and marking, arch erection, anchor bolts, and grouting. Under this construction mode, slag removal and anchor bolt construction cannot be carried out in parallel, and there are many significant drawbacks, which seriously hinder the efficient advancement of engineering construction.

[0003] The existing arch installation methods include traditional manual construction and construction using special equipment, and the manual construction method has been replaced by mechanization. Common arch erection special equipment on the market, such as the three-arm arch erection trolley, needs to use transportation equipment to transport the arch to be installed to a designated location for storage before installation. Then, three sections of the arch are grasped by three hydraulic arms respectively. Workers control the position of the hydraulic arms by remote control or on-board operation to put the three sections of the arch together. Workers then fix the three sections of the arch on the hanging basket of the hydraulic arm by bolts, welding, etc. The existing model has long been used for tunnel slag discharge, with loaders and excavators cooperating to discharge slag and dump trucks for transportation.

[0004] Since the operating radius of the three-arm arch erecting trolley is too large, it is impossible to achieve parallel operation of arch erection and excavation. Therefore, the existing arch erection method requires that the slag be discharged first after the excavation is completed to make room for the three-arm arch erecting trolley, and then the arch erection is completed. On the one hand, the rock strata cannot be supported in time, and the slag discharge operation is exposed to the exposed rock strata for a long time. The rock without sufficient support is prone to fracture and collapse, posing a great safety risk. On the other hand, after the slag discharge operation equipment is completed, the construction period of the arch erection is relatively long, and the entry and exit of different vehicles during this period will generate a lot of non-operating time, and the construction efficiency is low. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a parallel construction method for tunneling and arch erection in a tunnel to address the above-mentioned shortcomings, thereby solving the problem that in the prior art, each process is strictly carried out in sequence, which makes it impossible to achieve reasonable allocation and efficient utilization of human resources.

[0006] The present invention is achieved through the following scheme:

[0007] A construction method for parallel construction of tunneling and arch erection in a tunnel, in which a frame for supporting various functional components is arranged in the tunnel, and a tunneling mechanism and an arch erection mechanism are arranged on the frame;

[0008] While the excavation operation is being carried out by the excavation mechanism, the arch erecting mechanism is carrying out the arch erecting operation.

[0009] When the rock texture is relatively hard, excavation operations are carried out in stages according to the depth of advance. After the first stage of excavation operations is completed, space is formed in the first stage for arch erection operations, and the second stage of excavation operations are carried out simultaneously during the arch erection operations, thereby realizing parallel construction of excavation operations and arch erection operations.

[0010] When the rock texture is relatively soft, first complete the circumferential position excavation of the tunnel face of this cycle, excavate out the space required for the arch erection operation, and then carry out the arch erection operation in this space. During the arch erection operation, the excavation mechanism simultaneously excavates the remaining part of the tunnel face of this cycle, thereby realizing parallel construction of excavation and arch erection operations.

[0011] The arch erection operation specifically includes arch frame transportation and arch frame installation operations. A transportation structure for transporting the arch frame and an arch erection structure for installing the arch frame are provided on the platform. The arch frame is transported from the side of the platform away from the tunnel face to the side close to the tunnel face, and the arch erection structure grabs the arch frame and installs it.

[0012] When transporting the arch frame, it is first necessary to lift the arch frame to the predetermined position through the lifting mechanism, and then transport it to the tunnel face with the assistance of a mechanical grab arm. After the transportation is completed, the vertical arch structure grabs the arch frame near the tunnel face and lifts it to the installation position for arch frame installation.

[0013] Specifically, a mechanical grab arm for grabbing the arch frame is provided on the platform, and the mechanical grab arm can move along the length direction of the platform. The arch frame is transported from outside the tunnel to the lifting mechanism of the platform, and the lifting mechanisms on both sides of the platform act synchronously to lift the arch frame to be transported. When it is lifted to the predetermined position, the mechanical grab arm is required to cooperate to transfer the arch frame. The mechanical grab arm clamps the arch frame from the lifting mechanism and, with the cooperation of the supporting sliding assembly on the platform, moves it to a position close to the face and places it.

[0014] When transporting the arch frame, it is first necessary to lift the arch frame to the predetermined position through the lifting mechanism, and then automatically transport the arch frame through the automatic transmission support structure to complete the erection and transportation of the arch frame; after the transportation is completed, the vertical arch structure grabs the arch frame near the face and lifts it to the installation position to carry out the arch frame installation operation.

[0015] Specifically, a mechanical grab arm for grabbing the arch frame and an automatic transmission support structure are provided on the platform. The mechanical grab arm can move along the length direction of the platform. The coverage range of the automatic transmission support structure is not less than the coverage range of the upper surface of the platform. After the mechanical grab arm places the arch frame on the automatic transmission support structure, the automatic transmission support structure can automatically transport the arch frame forward or backward and transfer the arch frame to the face, or automatically avoid other processes as needed.

[0016] When transporting the arch frame, it is first necessary to lift the arch frame to the predetermined position through the lifting mechanism, and then move the supporting structure out of the range of the platform through the movable supporting structure to cooperate with the lifting mechanism to complete the erection and transportation of the arch frame; after the transportation is completed, the vertical arch structure grabs the arch frame near the face and lifts it to the installation position for arch frame installation.

[0017] Specifically, an automatic transmission support structure is arranged on the platform, and a sliding structure is arranged at the bottom of the automatic transmission support structure. The automatic transmission support structure can be extended beyond the coverage of the platform under the sliding action of the sliding structure; when the lifting mechanism lifts the arch frame to a predetermined position, the automatic transmission support structure is slid out of the coverage of the platform through the sliding structure, and the lifting mechanism moves downward to place the arch frame on the automatic transmission support structure to complete the handover of the arch frame, and the arch frame is transferred to the face through the sliding of the sliding structure and the transportation of the automatic transmission support structure.

[0018] During the arch frame transportation process, anchor rod transportation operations are carried out simultaneously under the frame.

[0019] The excavation operation is carried out on the heading face by setting up the excavation mechanism at the front end of the platform.

[0020] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] 1. This solution can carry out arch erection operation while excavating, reducing the risk of slag workers working under exposed rock formations. At the same time, the parallel construction of arch erection and excavation solves the problems of low efficiency and time waste in existing construction methods.

[0022] 3. In this scheme, the erection of the arch frame and the excavation are carried out in parallel. This innovative measure has brought extremely significant results. In the traditional construction mode, the erection of the arch frame and the excavation are often carried out one after another. This sequential operation method will cause frequent vehicle entry and exit and unreasonable time arrangement, which greatly wastes construction time. Through the parallel construction method, the two can be carried out at the same time, just like two parallel tracks, thus greatly improving the construction efficiency. The time originally used for waiting for the arch frame to be transferred and the arch frame to be erected is saved, so that every minute is used efficiently. At the same time, the arch frame is installed at the same time after the excavation, and the improvement of this link is also of great significance. In the new construction plan, the arch frame can be installed in place at the first time, so that the subsequent slag discharge operation is completely under the protection of the arch frame. Compared with the previous plan, the safety factor has been greatly improved. The previous plan may have many potential safety threats in the slag discharge process due to the untimely installation of the arch frame, such as the collapse of the surrounding rock may cause damage to the construction personnel and equipment, etc., but now these safety hazards have been effectively reduced.

[0023] Reference numerals

[0024] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the trolley and its upper components in Example 2;

[0025] Figure numerals: 1. Frame; 2. Excavation mechanism; 3. Arch erection mechanism. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] All features disclosed in this specification, or steps in all methods or processes disclosed, except mutually exclusive features and / or steps, can be combined in any manner.

[0027] Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any additional claims and abstract), unless otherwise stated, may be replaced by other equivalent or alternative features having similar purposes. That is, unless otherwise stated, each feature is only an example of a series of equivalent or similar features.

[0028] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "up", "down", "left", "right", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a predetermined direction, be constructed and operated in a predetermined direction, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0029] In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution:

[0032] A construction method for parallel construction of excavation and arch erection in a tunnel, wherein a frame 1 for supporting various functional components is arranged in the tunnel, and an excavation mechanism 2 and an arch erection mechanism 3 are arranged on the frame;

[0033] While the excavation operation is being carried out by the excavation mechanism, the arch erecting mechanism is carrying out the arch erecting operation.

[0034] This solution can greatly save tunnel construction time by carrying out excavation operations and arch erection operations simultaneously, avoid the waste of construction process waiting for arch frame transportation and arch frame erection, and improve construction efficiency.

[0035] Specifically, when the rock texture is relatively soft, the arch erection operation needs to be carried out in a shorter time. Therefore, the excavation operation is carried out by first excavating the circumferential position and then excavating the rest of the part. The circumferential position along the heading is excavated first to create the space required for the arch erection operation. During the arch erection operation, the excavation mechanism can excavate the center of the heading face to achieve parallel construction of excavation and arch erection operations.

[0036] When the rock texture is relatively hard, the excavation is carried out by the air-based method. The excavation method of the air-based method is disclosed in Patent No.: CN116066134B, which will not be described in detail here.

[0037] When excavating in dense rock formations, due to the better support performance of the rock formation, the excavation is usually divided into two stages; the first stage will excavate a deeper footage along the tunnel face, and the second stage will excavate a shallower footage along the tunnel face. During the second stage of excavation, the arch erection mechanism can perform arch erection operations in the excavation cavity generated in the first stage, realizing parallel construction of excavation operations and arch erection operations. In this way, efficient and safe construction can be carried out according to the time conditions on site.

[0038] The arch erection operation specifically includes arch frame transportation and arch frame installation operations. A transportation structure for transporting the arch frame and an arch erection structure for installing the arch frame are provided on the platform. The arch frame is transported from the side of the platform away from the tunnel face to the side close to the tunnel face, and the arch erection structure grabs the arch frame and installs it.

[0039] When transporting the arch frame, it is first necessary to lift the arch frame to the predetermined position through the lifting mechanism, and then transport it to the tunnel face with the assistance of a mechanical grab arm. After the transportation is completed, the vertical arch structure grabs the arch frame near the tunnel face and lifts it to the installation position for arch frame installation.

[0040] In this scheme, it is first necessary to lift the arch frame to a predetermined position through a lifting mechanism, and then transport it to the face with the assistance of a mechanical grab arm. Specifically, a mechanical grab arm for grabbing the arch frame is provided on the frame, and the mechanical grab arm can move along the length direction of the frame. The arch frame is transported from outside the tunnel to the lifting mechanism of the frame, and the lifting mechanisms on both sides of the frame act synchronously to lift the arch frame to be transported. When it is lifted to the predetermined position, the mechanical grab arm is required to cooperate in transferring the arch frame. The mechanical grab arm clamps the arch frame from the lifting mechanism, and with the cooperation of the supporting sliding assembly on the frame, moves it to a position close to the face and places it.

[0041] This solution realizes the handover of the arch frame by setting up a mechanical grab arm, which can make the articulation process safer and more reliable, and realizes the lifting of the arch frame through a lifting mechanism, which can reduce the complexity of the mechanical grab arm and reduce the difficulty of subsequent maintenance.

[0042] Another arch transportation plan implemented in this embodiment is: when the arch frame is transported, it is first necessary to lift the arch frame to the predetermined position through the lifting mechanism, and automatically transport the arch frame through the automatically transmitted supporting structure, and move the supporting structure out of the range of the platform to cooperate with the lifting height to complete the erection and transportation of the arch frame; after the transportation is completed, the vertical arch structure 1 grabs the arch frame near the face and lifts it to the installation position to install the arch frame.

[0043] Specifically, a mechanical grab arm for grabbing the arch frame and an automatic transmission support structure are provided on the platform. The mechanical grab arm can move along the length direction of the platform. The coverage range of the automatic transmission support structure is not less than the coverage range of the upper surface of the platform. After the mechanical grab arm places the arch frame on the automatic transmission support structure, the automatic transmission support structure can automatically transport the arch frame forward or backward and transfer the arch frame to the face, or automatically avoid other processes as needed.

[0044] This solution is carried out by setting up an automatic transmission support structure for handover. After the mechanical grab arm grabs the arch frame, it can be placed on the automatic transmission support structure. The automatic transmission support structure can automatically transport the arch frame, making the transportation operation of the arch frame more flexible and adaptable to complex tunnel construction environments.

[0045] The supporting structure for automatic transmission in the present solution can be provided with a transmission structure on the supporting structure, and the transmission structure can be opened manually or automatically by the system, so that the arch frame can be automatically transmitted on the supporting structure.

[0046] Another arch transportation plan implemented in this embodiment is: when the arch frame is transported, it is first necessary to lift the arch frame to a predetermined position through a lifting mechanism, and then move the supporting structure out of the range of the platform through a movable supporting structure to cooperate with the lifting height to complete the erection and transportation of the arch frame; after the transportation is completed, the vertical arch structure 1 grabs the arch frame near the face and lifts it to the installation position to carry out the arch frame installation operation.

[0047] Specifically, an automatic transmission support structure is arranged on the platform, and a sliding structure is arranged at the bottom of the automatic transmission support structure. The automatic transmission support structure can be extended beyond the coverage of the platform under the sliding action of the sliding structure; when the lifting mechanism lifts the arch frame to a predetermined position, the automatic transmission support structure is slid out of the coverage of the platform through the sliding structure, and the lifting mechanism moves downward to place the arch frame on the automatic transmission support structure to complete the handover of the arch frame, and the arch frame is transferred to the face through the sliding of the sliding structure and the transportation of the automatic transmission support structure.

[0048] This scheme uses an automatic transmission support structure for handover. A sliding structure is set below the automatic transmission support structure to move the automatic transmission support structure through the sliding structure. In this scheme, there is no need to set up a mechanical grab arm. The handover between the automatic transmission support structure and the lifting mechanism is achieved through the movement of the sliding structure, which greatly reduces the overall cost and the difficulty of later maintenance, making the entire handover process smoother and the process more streamlined. At the same time, it also makes the transportation operation of the arch frame more flexible and adaptable to the complex tunnel construction environment.

[0049] In this solution, during the arch frame transportation process, anchor rod transportation operations are carried out simultaneously under the frame, which can further improve the overall time utilization.

[0050] The excavation operation is carried out on the heading face by setting up the excavation mechanism at the front end of the platform.

[0051] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for parallel construction of tunnel excavation and arch erection, characterized in that: This construction method sets up a platform in the tunnel to support various functional components, and the platform is equipped with a tunneling mechanism and an arch erecting mechanism; while the tunneling mechanism performs tunneling operations, the arch erecting mechanism performs arch erecting operations.

2. A method for parallel construction of tunnel excavation and arch erection in a tunnel as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: When the rock texture is relatively hard, excavation operations are carried out in stages according to the depth of advance. After the first stage of excavation operations is completed, space is formed in the first stage for arch erection operations, and the second stage of excavation operations are carried out simultaneously during the arch erection operations, thereby realizing parallel construction of excavation operations and arch erection operations.

3. A method for parallel construction of tunnel excavation and arch erection in a tunnel as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: When the rock texture is relatively soft, first complete the circumferential position excavation of the tunnel face of this cycle, excavate out the space required for the arch erection operation, and then carry out the arch erection operation in this space. During the arch erection operation, the excavation mechanism simultaneously excavates the remaining part of the tunnel face of this cycle, thereby realizing parallel construction of excavation and arch erection operations.

4. A method for parallel construction of tunnel excavation and arch erection in a tunnel as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The arch erection operation specifically includes arch frame transportation and arch frame installation operations. A transportation structure for transporting the arch frame and an arch erection structure for installing the arch frame are provided on the platform. The arch frame is transported from the side of the platform away from the tunnel face to the side close to the tunnel face, and the arch erection structure grabs the arch frame and installs it.

5. A method for parallel construction of tunnel excavation and arch erection in a tunnel as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: When transporting the arch frame, it is first necessary to lift the arch frame to the predetermined position through the lifting mechanism, and then transport it to the tunnel face with the assistance of a mechanical grab arm. After the transportation is completed, the vertical arch structure grabs the arch frame near the tunnel face and lifts it to the installation position for arch frame installation.

6. A method for parallel construction of tunnel excavation and arch erection in a tunnel as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: Specifically, a mechanical grab arm for grabbing the arch frame is provided on the platform, and the mechanical grab arm can move along the length direction of the platform. The arch frame is transported from outside the tunnel to the lifting mechanism of the platform, and the lifting mechanisms on both sides of the platform act synchronously to lift the arch frame to be transported. When it is lifted to the predetermined position, the mechanical grab arm is required to cooperate to transfer the arch frame. The mechanical grab arm clamps the arch frame from the lifting mechanism and, with the cooperation of the supporting sliding assembly on the platform, moves it to a position close to the face and places it.

7. A method for parallel construction of tunnel excavation and arch erection in a tunnel as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: When transporting the arch frame, it is first necessary to lift the arch frame to the predetermined position through the lifting mechanism, and then automatically transport the arch frame through the automatic transmission support structure to complete the erection and transportation of the arch frame; after the transportation is completed, the vertical arch structure grabs the arch frame near the face and lifts it to the installation position to carry out the arch frame installation operation.

8. A method for parallel construction of tunnel excavation and arch erection in a tunnel as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: Specifically, a mechanical grab arm for grabbing the arch frame and an automatic transmission support structure are provided on the platform. The mechanical grab arm can move along the length direction of the platform. The coverage range of the automatic transmission support structure is not less than the coverage range of the upper surface of the platform. After the mechanical grab arm places the arch frame on the automatic transmission support structure, the automatic transmission support structure can automatically transport the arch frame forward or backward and transfer the arch frame to the face, or automatically avoid other processes as needed.

9. A method for parallel construction of tunnel excavation and arch erection in a tunnel as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: When transporting the arch frame, the arch frame must first be lifted to a predetermined position by a lifting mechanism, and then the supporting structure must be moved out of the range of the platform to cooperate with the lifting mechanism to complete the erection and transportation of the arch frame. After the transportation is completed, the vertical arch structure grabs the arch frame near the tunnel face and lifts it to the installation position for arch frame installation.

10. A method for parallel construction of tunnel excavation and arch erection in a tunnel as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: Specifically, an automatic transmission support structure is arranged on the platform, and a sliding structure is arranged at the bottom of the automatic transmission support structure, and the automatic transmission support structure can be extended beyond the coverage range of the platform under the sliding action of the sliding structure; When the lifting mechanism lifts the arch frame to the predetermined position, the automatically transmitted supporting structure is slid out of the coverage of the platform through the sliding structure, the lifting mechanism moves downward, and the arch frame is placed on the automatically transmitted supporting structure to complete the handover of the arch frame, and the arch frame is transferred to the face through the sliding of the sliding structure and the transportation of the automatically transmitted supporting structure.

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