Open-off cut supporting device for hard roof soft coal side

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of coal mining, and provides an open-off cut supporting device for a hard roof and a soft coal side, comprising a first cross beam horizontally arranged on a roadway roof; the stand columns are arranged on the two sides of the roadway and located below the first cross beam, the top ends of the stand columns are connected with the first cross beam, and the bottoms of the stand columns are buried in the bottom plate rock stratum; the second cross beam is vertically connected with the outer side of the top of the stand column, the second cross beam is connected with a rock stratum of the roadway top plate through a first anchoring device, the first anchoring device comprises a first anchor rod, and the first anchor rod sequentially penetrates through the second cross beam, the first cross beam and the roadway top plate in the first direction and is in anchoring connection with the rock stratum of the roadway top plate; the first direction is the same as the length direction of the upright; the advantages of active supporting and passive supporting are combined at the same time, the roadway is supported through the stand columns and the first cross beams so that deformation and damage of surrounding rock can be resisted, lateral pressure can be effectively resisted, and deformation and collapse of soft coal sides can be prevented.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of coal mining, in particular to a cutting eye support device for hard roof and weak coal rib. Background Art

[0002] Extremely soft coal seams are common geological structures. The tunnels in them are characterized by large deformation, poor stability, poor surrounding rock properties, and easy collapse. In particular, the mining tunnels will be affected by the mining of the working face, making surrounding rock control more difficult and more likely to experience tunnel floor heave and a surge in tunnel side shrinkage.

[0003] When the coal seam is relatively weak, when active support such as anchor rods and anchor cables is used, the preload and anchoring force will be insufficient, especially when the coal quality is wind-oxidized coal, and grouting cannot be used to strengthen the support to make up for the deficiency; when passive support such as scaffolding is used, it is easy to overlook that the steel scaffold may not be able to effectively control the deformation of the tunnel surrounding rock during one support, and there are problems such as passive support leading to serious damage to the integrity of the surrounding rock and high support costs; at the same time, the cut eye is used as a temporary tunnel, and it only needs to ensure stability before the working face is installed after the excavation is completed, without investing too much material, and means such as grouting and long anchor cables are uneconomical. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a cutting eye support device for a soft coal rib of a hard roof, which is used to solve the problem of poor supporting effect for the soft coal rib in the prior art.

[0005] The present invention provides a cutting eye support device for a hard roof with a weak coal rib, comprising: a first crossbeam, arranged horizontally on the roof of the roadway; upright columns, arranged on both sides of the tunnel and located below the first crossbeam, with tops of the upright columns connected to the first crossbeam and bottoms of the upright columns buried in the floor rock layer; A second crossbeam, the second crossbeam is vertically connected to the outer side of the top of the column, the second crossbeam is connected to the rock layer of the tunnel roof through a first anchoring device, the first anchoring device includes a first anchor rod, the first anchor rod passes through the second crossbeam, the first crossbeam and the tunnel roof in sequence along a first direction, and is anchored to the rock layer of the tunnel roof, and the first direction is the same as the length direction of the column.

[0006] The eye-cutting support device for the soft coal seam of the hard roof provided by the present invention also includes a second anchoring device, which includes a second anchor rod. The second anchor rod can pass through the column and the rock strata on both sides of the tunnel in sequence along the second direction, and be anchored to the rock strata on both sides of the tunnel. The second direction is perpendicular to the length direction of the column.

[0007] According to the eye-cutting support device for the soft coal seam of the hard roof provided by the present invention, the bottom of the column is vertically connected to a base, the base is buried in the bottom plate rock layer, and the base is connected to the bottom plate rock layer through a third anchoring device, the third anchoring device includes a third anchor rod, and the third anchor rod passes through the base and the bottom plate rock layer in sequence along the first direction, and is anchored to the bottom plate rock layer.

[0008] According to the eye-cutting support device for the soft coal seam of the hard roof provided by the present invention, the first anchoring device also includes a first pad, which is in contact with the lower surface of the second beam, and the end of the first anchor rod located below the second beam is connected to the first pad.

[0009] According to the eye-cutting support device for the soft coal seam of the hard roof provided by the present invention, the second anchoring device also includes a second pad, which is in contact with the outer side of the column, and the second anchor rod is located at one end outside the column and is connected to the second pad.

[0010] According to the eye-cutting support device for hard roof and weak coal seam provided by the present invention, the third anchoring device also includes a third pad, which is in contact with the upper surface of the base, and the end of the third anchor rod located above the base is connected to the third pad.

[0011] According to the eye-cutting support device for hard roof and weak coal seam provided by the present invention, the first anchor rod is fixedly connected to the rock stratum of the tunnel roof by an anchor agent, the second anchor rod is fixedly connected to the rock stratum on both sides of the tunnel by an anchor agent, and the third anchor rod is fixedly connected to the bottom plate rock stratum by an anchor agent.

[0012] According to the eye-cutting support device for the soft coal rib of the hard roof provided by the present invention, a plurality of the columns are provided on both sides of the tunnel along its length direction, and the plurality of the columns are arranged at equal distances along the length direction of the tunnel.

[0013] According to the eye-cutting support device for the soft coal rib of a hard roof provided by the present invention, a positioning connection assembly is further provided between two adjacent columns along the length direction of the tunnel.

[0014] According to the eye-cutting support device for a hard roof with a weak coal rib provided by the present invention, the positioning connection assembly comprises: a pair of sleeves, the pair of sleeves being arranged oppositely on two adjacent columns; A connecting rod, both ends of which are respectively plugged into and fitted with a pair of the sleeves.

[0015] The present invention provides a cutting eye support device for soft coal ribs on hard roofs, comprising: a first crossbeam, a column, and a second crossbeam, which combines the advantages of active support (anchor rods) and passive support (columns). By using the columns and the first crossbeam to support the tunnel to resist deformation and damage of the surrounding rock, it can effectively resist lateral pressure and prevent deformation and collapse of the soft coal ribs, which is crucial for protecting the safety of the working face, especially under hard roof conditions, the stability of the side wall directly affects the safety of the entire tunnel; by deeply embedding the bottom of the column into the bottom plate rock layer, the stability and reliability of the support system are ensured, and the support device is prevented from sliding under the action of lateral pressure; by connecting the second crossbeam through the top of the column and suspending it on the roof with anchor rods, a stable support structure can be formed, the "rooting" of the rib support body is achieved, and the deformation and damage of the coal ribs are effectively controlled; in addition, various components such as the first crossbeam, the column, the second crossbeam, etc. can be pre-manufactured and assembled on site, which simplifies the construction process, shortens the installation time, and reduces construction costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, a brief introduction is given below to the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a cutting eye support device for a hard roof and a weak coal rib provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of a tunnel provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Reference numerals: 1. First crossbeam; 2. Column; 3. Second crossbeam; 4. First anchor rod; 5. Second anchor rod; 6. Third anchor rod; 7. Base. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] The following combination Figure 1-Figure 2 The present invention describes a cutting eye support device for a hard roof with a weak coal rib.

[0022] An embodiment of the present invention provides a cutting eye support device for a hard roof with a weak coal rib, comprising: a first crossbeam 1, a column 2 and a second crossbeam 3.

[0023] Among them, the first crossbeam 1 is horizontally arranged on the tunnel roof, and a π-shaped steel beam can be used; the column 2 is made of I-beam, and the column 2 is arranged on both sides of the tunnel and is located below the first crossbeam 1. The top of the column 2 is connected to the first crossbeam 1, and the bottom of the column 2 is buried in the bottom plate rock layer; the second crossbeam 3 is vertically connected to the top outer side of the column 2, and the second crossbeam 3 is connected to the rock layer of the tunnel roof through a first anchoring device. The first anchoring device includes a first anchor rod 4. The first anchor rod 4 passes through the second crossbeam 3, the first crossbeam 1 and the tunnel roof in sequence along a first direction, and is anchored to the rock layer of the tunnel roof. The first direction is the same as the length direction of the column 2.

[0024] It can be seen from the above scheme that the support method of the present invention combines the advantages of active support anchor rods and passive support columns 2. By using columns 2 and the first crossbeam 1 to support the tunnel to resist deformation and damage of the surrounding rock, it can effectively resist lateral pressure and prevent deformation and collapse of weak coal gangs, which is crucial for protecting the safety of the working face, especially under hard roof conditions, the stability of the side wall directly affects the safety of the entire tunnel; by penetrating the bottom of the column 2 into the bottom plate rock layer, the stability and reliability of the support system are ensured, and the support device is prevented from sliding under the action of lateral pressure. The second crossbeam 3 is connected through the top of the column 2 and suspended on the roof with an anchor rod, a stable support structure can be formed, the "rooting" of the gang support body is realized, and the deformation and damage of the coal gang are effectively controlled; in addition, various components such as the first crossbeam 1, column 2, second crossbeam 3, etc. can be pre-manufactured and assembled on site, which simplifies the construction process, shortens the installation time, and reduces construction costs.

[0025] Optionally, the top of the column 2 is connected to the first beam 1 through a column claw, and the column claw is made of high-strength steel; specifically, the top of the column 2 is connected to the column claw, which is usually firmly fixed by bolts, welding or other means. The column claw has a plurality of claw-like protrusions, and the bottom of the first beam 1 is provided with a groove or hole matching the column claw, which is used to match the claw-like protrusions. By aligning the interface at the bottom of the first beam 1 with the column claw at the top of the column 2, it is ensured that the protrusion of the column claw can be smoothly inserted into the groove or hole of the first beam 1, thereby achieving a close connection between the two. During the erection process, a single pillar can be used to lift the second beam 3; this column claw design is particularly suitable for when the tunnel height is high, the I-beam at the side is long and the weight is heavy, which solves the problem of inconvenience in manual erection.

[0026] In some embodiments, the length of the second crossbeam 3 is about 500 mm. On the one hand, it ensures the control of the shoulder angle of the top plate. On the other hand, the horizontal distance between the anchor hole and the side does not exceed 500 mm, which can effectively control the top plate; the length of the anchor can be half of the ordinary anchor, saving materials.

[0027] In this embodiment, a second anchoring device is also included, and the second anchoring device includes a second anchor rod 5. The second anchor rod 5 can pass through the column 2 and the rock strata on both sides of the tunnel in sequence along the second direction, and be anchored to the rock strata on both sides of the tunnel. The second direction is perpendicular to the length direction of the column 2. It should be noted that since the side part is a weak rock, but is affected by different degrees of weathering, a harder layer is selected for anchoring to ensure that the middle part of the I-beam of the side part "takes root".

[0028] With such an arrangement, by adding a second anchoring device, the second anchor rod 5 passes through the column 2 in a second direction perpendicular to the length direction of the column 2 and is anchored to the rock strata on both sides of the tunnel, effectively preventing the lateral displacement and tilt of the column 2 and providing a strong lateral support force. This design directly enhances the stability of the side wall and prevents the deformation and collapse of the weak coal seam; through the multi-point anchoring and multi-directional support of the first anchoring device and the second anchoring device, all-round protection is provided for the tunnel, the rigidity of the entire support system is significantly improved, and the structural stability under complex geological conditions is ensured. The support system can provide multi-level protection for the tunnel and significantly improve the safety of the working face. In addition, the second anchoring device can be pre-manufactured and assembled on-site with other components such as the column 2 and the first anchoring device, which simplifies the construction process, shortens the installation time, and reduces the construction cost.

[0029] Preferably, the second anchoring device is arranged in the middle of the column 2, and at least two groups are arranged. Such an arrangement can more effectively transmit lateral pressure and prevent the column 2 from bending or deforming in the middle. Compared with only arranging anchoring devices at the top or bottom, the middle anchoring can better maintain the verticality and stability of the column 2; at least two groups of second anchoring devices are arranged to ensure that the column 2 has firm lateral support points at different heights, so that the lateral pressure can be more evenly distributed to the column 2 and the rock formations on both sides, avoiding local stress concentration, further enhancing the stability of the side wall, and preventing deformation and collapse of the weak coal seam.

[0030] In this embodiment, the bottom of the column 2 is vertically connected to the base 7, the base 7 is buried in the bottom rock layer, and the base 7 is connected to the bottom rock layer through a third anchoring device. The third anchoring device includes a third anchor rod 6, and the third anchor rod 6 passes through the base 7 and the bottom rock layer in sequence along the first direction, and is anchored to the bottom rock layer.

[0031] In this way, the bottom of the column 2 is connected to the base 7, and the contact area between the column 2 and the bottom plate is increased, which not only increases the column 2's ability to resist lateral forces, but also effectively prevents the column 2 from slipping or tilting under high stress conditions, thereby improving the stability of the column 2 support; by further utilizing the third anchor rod 6 of the third anchoring device to pass through the base 7 and the bottom plate rock layer in the first direction in sequence, and anchor it to the bottom plate rock layer, a complete anchoring system from the tunnel roof to the tunnel bottom plate is formed. This multi-point anchoring design significantly improves the overall stability of the entire support device, realizes effective roof control and side wall protection of the tunnel, reduces the risk of roof falling and side wall collapse, protects the lives of workers, and reduces the accident rate.

[0032] In some embodiments, the first anchoring device further includes a first pad, the first pad is in contact with the lower surface of the second beam 3 , and one end of the first anchor rod 4 located below the second beam 3 is connected to the first pad.

[0033] With such a configuration, the presence of the first pad can evenly distribute the tension transmitted by the first anchor rod 4 to the lower surface of the second beam 3, avoiding local stress concentration, which not only improves the local bearing capacity of the second beam 3, but also reduces the risk of deformation or damage caused by stress concentration. The reliability and stability of the connection between the first anchor rod 4 and the second beam 3 are increased by setting the pad.

[0034] In some embodiments, the second anchoring device further includes a second pad, which contacts the outside of the column 2. The end of the second anchor rod 5 located outside the column 2 is connected to the second pad. This arrangement allows the presence of the second pad to evenly distribute the tension transmitted by the second anchor rod 5 to the surface outside the column 2, avoiding local stress concentration and reducing the risk of deformation or damage caused by stress concentration. The pad also increases the reliability and stability of the connection between the second anchor rod 5 and the column 2.

[0035] In some embodiments, the third anchoring device further includes a third pad, which contacts the upper surface of the base 7. The end of the third anchor rod 6 located above the base 7 is connected to the third pad. With this arrangement, the presence of the third pad evenly distributes the tension transmitted by the third anchor rod 6 to the upper surface of the base 7, avoiding local stress concentration and reducing the risk of deformation or damage caused by stress concentration. The provision of the pad increases the reliability and stability of the connection between the third anchor rod 6 and the base 7.

[0036] In this embodiment, the first anchor rod 4 is fixedly connected to the rock layer of the tunnel roof by an anchoring agent, the second anchor rod 5 is fixedly connected to the rock layers on both sides of the tunnel by an anchoring agent, and the third anchor rod 6 is fixedly connected to the rock layer of the bottom plate by an anchoring agent.

[0037] In this embodiment, multiple columns 2 are provided on both sides of the lane along its length, and the multiple columns 2 are equidistantly provided along the length of the lane. Positioning connection components are also provided between two adjacent columns 2 along the length of the lane.

[0038] In this way, multiple columns 2 are arranged at equal distances along the length of the tunnel, forming a continuous support system. This design can effectively disperse the pressure from the tunnel roof and side walls, ensuring the structural stability of the entire tunnel. The columns 2 not only provide vertical support, but are also connected to each other in the horizontal direction through positioning connection components to achieve the transmission of shear force in the horizontal direction, reducing the tilt or slip of the columns 2 under lateral pressure, ensuring the verticality and stability of the columns 2, enhancing the lateral support capacity of the system, and effectively preventing the deformation and collapse of the side walls.

[0039] In this embodiment, the positioning connection assembly includes: a pair of sleeves and a connecting rod. The pair of sleeves are relatively arranged on two adjacent columns 2, and both ends of the connecting rod are respectively plugged into and matched with the pair of sleeves.

[0040] Such an arrangement facilitates connection and ensures the stability of the support of the column 2. The column 2 and the positioning connection components can be pre-manufactured and assembled on site, which simplifies the construction process, shortens the installation time, and reduces construction costs.

[0041] Preferably, the present invention can improve the stability of the coal seam by increasing the number of anchor rods, using high-strength anchor rods, and optimizing the arrangement of anchor rods.

[0042] The present invention uses anchor rods to provide direct support force on the roof and side walls of the tunnel to prevent rock separation and falling for active support; I-beams and crossbeams and other structural members form a solid frame to withstand the pressure from the roof and side walls and transfer this pressure to the more stable rock layer for passive support; because the roof is relatively hard, traditional anchor rods and anchor cables are used for control, and the anchor rods and anchor cables can penetrate into the roof rock layer, provide strong tension, and ensure the stability of the roof; crossbeams are welded to the I-beams at the side, and holes are punched in the crossbeams, and the crossbeams are suspended on the roof by anchor rods, The I-beam support body of the side is firmly connected to the top plate, forming a complete support system from the top plate to the bottom plate; through top suspension, the lateral load of the column 2 is reduced, and the column 2 is avoided from tilting or sliding under high stress conditions. The support body can better resist lateral pressure and prevent deformation and collapse of the weak coal side. By vertically connecting the base 7 at the bottom of the column 2, the base 7 is buried in the bottom plate rock layer and is firmly connected to the bottom plate rock layer through the third anchoring device, the stability of the I-beam support body is further increased, and the column 2 is effectively prevented from sliding or tilting under high stress conditions.

[0043] The present invention adopts a combination of active and passive support, utilizes the combined effect of anchor rods and I-beams, and realizes multi-point anchoring and multi-directional support through top suspension, side fixation, bottom shoeing and other measures, providing all-round protection for the tunnel, so that force can be transmitted from the top plate to the bottom plate, and then from the side wall to the I-beam support body, effectively controlling the deformation and damage of the coal side, improving the stability of the support body, and having strong adaptability and promotion and application value; and the support body can be temporary support. After the working face enters the support, the top plate and the side are unanchored, thereby removing the I-beams of the side, and realizing the recovery of support materials.

[0044] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cutting eye support device for hard roof and soft coal seam, characterized in that: include: A first crossbeam (1) is horizontally arranged on the top plate of the tunnel; A column (2) is arranged on both sides of the tunnel and is located below the first crossbeam (1); the top of the column (2) is connected to the first crossbeam (1), and the bottom of the column (2) is buried in the bottom rock layer; A second crossbeam (3), the second crossbeam (3) being vertically connected to the outer side of the top of the column (2), the second crossbeam (3) being connected to the rock layer of the tunnel roof via a first anchoring device, the first anchoring device comprising a first anchor rod (4), the first anchor rod (4) passing through the second crossbeam (3), the first crossbeam (1) and the tunnel roof in sequence along a first direction, and being anchored to the rock layer of the tunnel roof, the first direction being the same as the length direction of the column (2).

2. The eye-cutting support device for hard roof and soft coal seam according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes a second anchoring device, which includes a second anchor rod (5). The second anchor rod (5) can sequentially pass through the column (2) and the rock strata on both sides of the tunnel along a second direction and be anchored to the rock strata on both sides of the tunnel. The second direction is perpendicular to the length direction of the column (2).

3. The eye-cutting support device for hard roof and soft coal seam according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The bottom of the column (2) is vertically connected to a base (7), the base (7) is buried in the bottom rock layer, and the base (7) is connected to the bottom rock layer via a third anchoring device, the third anchoring device comprises a third anchor rod (6), the third anchor rod (6) sequentially passes through the base (7) and the bottom rock layer along a first direction, and is anchored to the bottom rock layer.

4. The eye-cutting support device for hard roof and soft coal seam according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first anchoring device further comprises a first pad, the first pad is in contact with the lower surface of the second cross beam (3), and one end of the first anchor rod (4) located below the second cross beam (3) is connected to the first pad.

5. The eye-cutting support device for hard roof and soft coal seam according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The second anchoring device further comprises a second pad, the second pad is in contact with the outer side of the column (2), and one end of the second anchor rod (5) located on the outer side of the column (2) is connected to the second pad.

6. The eye-cutting support device for hard roof and soft coal seam according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The third anchoring device further comprises a third pad, the third pad is in contact with the upper surface of the base (7), and one end of the third anchor rod (6) located above the base (7) is connected to the third pad.

7. The eye-cutting support device for hard roof and soft coal seam according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The first anchor rod (4) is fixedly connected to the rock layer of the tunnel roof by means of an anchor, the second anchor rod (5) is fixedly connected to the rock layers on both sides of the tunnel by means of an anchor, and the third anchor rod (6) is fixedly connected to the rock layer of the bottom plate by means of an anchor.

8. The eye-cutting support device for hard roof and soft coal seam according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A plurality of the upright posts (2) are arranged on both sides of the lane along the length direction thereof, and the plurality of upright posts (2) are arranged at equal distances along the length direction of the lane.

9. The eye-cutting support device for hard roof and soft coal seam according to claim 8 is characterized in that: A positioning connection assembly is also provided between two adjacent upright posts (2) along the length direction of the lane.

10. The eye-cutting support device for hard roof and soft coal seam according to claim 9, characterized in that: The positioning connection component comprises: A pair of sleeves, the pair of sleeves being arranged oppositely on two adjacent columns (2); A connecting rod, both ends of which are respectively plugged and matched with a pair of sleeves.

Images