A shear resistant variable resistance pressure relief measurement anchor and method of use thereof

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of underground engineering support, and discloses a shearing-resistant variable-resistance pressure-releasing measuring anchor rod and a use method thereof. The anchor rod comprises a pressure-releasing section, the pressure-releasing section comprises a sleeve and a rod body, the rod body is arranged in the sleeve, one end of the rod body penetrates through the end of the sleeve, an abutting block is arranged on the rod body, a plurality of resistance pieces are arranged on the inner wall of the sleeve, and the end of the rod body is provided with a first elastic piece; a plurality of shearing-resistant rods are connected in an integrated manner through head-to-tail hinging and are connected with the penetrating end of the rod body; a mounting hole is arranged on a tray, a threaded rod is connected with one end of the plurality of shearing-resistant rods away from the rod body, the threaded rod penetrates through the mounting hole, and a pre-tightening bolt is threadedly connected with the penetrating end of the threaded rod; the shearing-resistant variable-resistance pressure-releasing measuring anchor rod can not only adapt to the transverse dislocation deformation of surrounding rock, but also can adjust the supporting resistance provided by the telescopic structure of the rod body to meet the requirement that the surrounding rock has large deformation and the anchor rod is not broken; and the deformation condition of the anchor rod can be measured in real time, possible dangers can be found in time, and the safety of the project can be ensured as much as possible.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of underground engineering support, and in particular to a shear-resistant variable-resistance yield-pressure measuring anchor rod and a use method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the exploitation of solid mineral resources such as coal and metal mines, shallow resources are gradually exhausted, prompting the mining industry to expand to deeper strata. However, as the mining depth increases, the geological conditions of mine engineering become more complex, and in particular, the support engineering problem of deep roadway / cavern is particularly prominent. In the process of solid mineral exploitation, the roadway will inevitably be disturbed, especially in the deep part, as the stress borne by the surrounding rock is large, these disturbances can lead to more serious damage, such as large deformation damage of the roadway, impact damage, etc. This poses a new challenge to the safety of the mining industry. As the main support form of underground engineering and rock slope support, the anchor rod is crucial to maintaining the stability of the rock engineering. In order to cope with the large deformation of the surrounding rock, it is necessary to develop an anchor rod that can adapt to deformation.

[0003] The anchor rod in the prior art is mainly of the constant resistance type. When the deformation of the surrounding rock is large and exceeds the deformation of the anchor rod, the constant resistance type anchor rod is prone to fatigue damage and even breakage failure under the action of high load, which is not conducive to the long-term effect of the anchor rod on the surrounding rock. Moreover, the constant resistance type anchor rod is prone to transverse shear breakage due to its inability to withstand high shear stress, which may cause roof collapse, impact instability, landslides and other serious engineering consequences. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application proposes a shear-resistant variable-resistance yield-pressure measuring anchor rod to solve the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art. The shear-resistant variable-resistance yield-pressure measuring anchor rod not only adapts to the lateral displacement deformation of the surrounding rock, but also adjusts the supporting resistance provided by the telescopic structure of the rod body to meet the demand of large deformation of the surrounding rock without breaking itself.

[0005] The technical solution of the present application is: a shear-resistant variable-resistance yield-pressure measuring anchor rod, comprising:

[0006] a yield-pressure section, including a sleeve and a rod body, the rod body being arranged in the sleeve, one end of the rod body protruding out of the end of the sleeve, an abutting block being arranged on the rod body in the sleeve, a plurality of resistance pieces being arranged on the inner wall of the sleeve along the length direction, the resistance pieces being used to provide resistance to the movement of the rod body protruding out of the sleeve, a first elastic piece being arranged on the end of the rod body, the first elastic piece being used to push the rod body so that the abutting block abuts against the resistance pieces;

[0007] a plurality of shear-resistant rods, each of which is connected in a body by being hingedly connected at the head and tail, one end of each of the plurality of shear-resistant rods being connected to the protruding end of the rod body;

[0008] The pre-tightening section comprises a tray and a threaded rod, the tray is provided with mounting holes, the threaded rod is connected to one end of the plurality of shear-resistant rods away from the rod body, the threaded rod penetrates the mounting holes, and a pre-tightening nut is threadedly connected to the penetrating end of the threaded rod.

[0009] In at least one embodiment of the present application, each group of resistance elements includes two movable blocks and two second elastic elements, the two movable blocks are hingedly connected to the inner wall of the sleeve, the contact surfaces of the movable blocks and the abutting blocks are arc-shaped, the two second elastic elements are respectively arranged on the two movable blocks, the second elastic elements are used to provide resistance to the deflection of the movable blocks in the direction of the rod body penetrating end, and the elastic coefficients of the second elastic elements of the plurality of resistance elements from the bottom of the sleeve to the side of the sleeve for the rod body penetrating end gradually increase.

[0010] In at least one embodiment of the present application, the shear-resistant rod comprises a first rod body, a second rod body and a scissor-shaped telescopic frame, the end of the first rod body is provided with a mounting cavity, one end of the first rod body with the mounting cavity is slidably connected with the second rod body, the scissor-shaped telescopic frame is arranged in the mounting cavity, the ends of the scissor-shaped telescopic frame are respectively hingedly connected with two auxiliary rods, and the auxiliary rods at the two ends of the scissor-shaped telescopic frame are respectively hingedly connected to the opposite ends of the first rod body and the second rod body.

[0011] In at least one embodiment of the present application, a measurement assembly is further included, and the measurement assembly comprises a position measuring instrument and a plurality of signal emitters, the plurality of signal emitters are respectively arranged on the plurality of first rod bodies, the plurality of second rod bodies and the threaded rod, and the plurality of signal emitters are all signal-connected with the position measuring instrument.

[0012] In at least one embodiment of the present application, the end of the sleeve is provided with a through hole for the rod body to penetrate out, the inner wall of the through hole is provided with a rough pad, and the rough pad is used to provide friction to the sliding of the rod body.

[0013] In at least one embodiment of the present application, a plurality of abutting blocks are arranged on the rod body in the sleeve in the length direction of the rod body, the plurality of abutting blocks are all annular, and the contact surfaces of the plurality of abutting blocks and the movable blocks are all inclined surfaces.

[0014] In at least one embodiment of the present application, the bottom of the sleeve is provided with a circular pad, the first elastic element is a spring, and the first elastic element is arranged between the circular pad and the end of the rod body.

[0015] In at least one embodiment of the present application, one end of the sleeve for the rod body to penetrate out is provided with a grout stopper, the grout stopper is in interference fit with the anchor hole, and a grouting guide pipe connected with the tail extending out of the anchor hole is connected to the grout stopper.

[0016] The present application further provides a use method of the shear-resistant variable-resistance pressure-relieving measuring anchor rod, which comprises the following steps:

[0017] S1: drilling anchor holes at the determined positions of the surrounding rock;

[0018] S2: placing the anti-shearing variable-resistance pressure-relieving anchor rod into the anchor hole;

[0019] S3: injecting cement slurry into the circumferential side of the sleeve until the cement slurry fills the gap between the anchor hole and the sleeve;

[0020] S4: after the cement slurry solidifies, successively sleeving the tray pre-tightening nut on the threaded rod outside the anchor hole, rotating the pre-tightening nut to make the tray abut against the surrounding rock, and continuously rotating the pre-tightening nut to provide pre-tightening force.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0022] 1、The present application sets up the pressure-relieving section composed of the sleeve with multiple resistance pieces inside and the rod body, multiple anti-shearing rods connected with each other, and the pre-tightening section composed of the tray and the threaded rod, the anchor rod device is fixedly connected in the anchor hole during use, and the threaded rod is rotated to make the tray abut against the surrounding rock, thereby completing the fastening and installation of the anchor rod; compared with the constant-resistance anchor rod in the prior art, when the surrounding rock has a large deformation, the rod body is gradually extended out of the sleeve, so that the anchor rod can have a large elongation deformation, thereby preventing the anchor rod from being directly stretched and broken, ensuring the long-term effect of the anchor rod on the surrounding rock, and in the process of the stage-by-stage extension of the rod body out of the sleeve, the abutting blocks on the rod body gradually contact the multiple resistance pieces, since the multiple resistance pieces have different resistances to the rod body, the variable-resistance pressure-relieving effect is realized, the resistance of the anchor rod increases with the deformation of the anchor rod, and the anchor rod will not be easily damaged and broken under the action of high load; and the multiple anti-shearing rods are connected in a hinged manner, so that when the surrounding rock has tangential deformation, the anchor rod will not be sheared, thereby avoiding the occurrence of roof fall, impact instability, landslide and other engineering accidents.

[0023] 2、The present application sets up the measuring assembly composed of multiple signal generators and displacement measuring instruments, when the surrounding rock deforms, the relative position relationship can be obtained by the position measuring instrument outside the multiple signal transmitters on the entire anchor rod body, thereby the deformation of the entire measuring anchor rod can be determined to know whether it is stressed and whether it will be damaged.

[0024] The anchor rod device of the present application has multiple functions, solves the problem that the ordinary anchor rod and the constant-resistance pressure-relieving anchor rod cannot meet the large deformation of the surrounding rock, solves the problem that the existing anchor rod is easily sheared under the lateral movement of the rock stratum, and can measure the overall deformation. The present application has a simple structure and stable function, can greatly improve the supporting benefit, and the deformation and pressure-relieving function of the anchor rod can effectively reduce accidents and ensure the safety of the staff. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is the schematic diagram of surrounding rock and anchor hole structure of the present application;

[0026] Figure 2 It is the schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present application;

[0027] Figure 3 It is the schematic diagram of the pressure relief section structure of the present application;

[0028] Figure 4 It is the schematic diagram of the resistance piece of the present application;

[0029] Figure 5 It is the schematic diagram of the shear-resistant rod detail structure of the present application Figure 1 ;

[0030] Figure 6 It is the schematic diagram of the shear-resistant rod detail structure of the present application Figure 2 ;

[0031] Figure 7 It is the schematic diagram of the first rod body structure of the present application;

[0032] Figure 8 It is the schematic diagram of the second rod body structure of the present application.

[0033] Explanation of reference signs:

[0034] 1, pressure relief section; 11, sleeve; 111, rough pad; 12, rod body; 121, abutting block; 13, resistance piece; 131, movable block; 132, second elastic piece; 14, first elastic piece; 15, circular pad; 2, shear-resistant rod; 21, first rod body; 22, second rod body; 23, scissor-shaped telescopic frame; 231, auxiliary rod; 3, pre-tightening section; 31, tray; 32, threaded rod; 321, pre-tightening nut; 4, position measuring instrument; 41, signal transmitter; 5, grout stopper; 51, grouting guide pipe; 6, surrounding rock; 61, anchor hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The drawings in the present application are not strictly drawn according to the actual proportions, and the specific dimensions and quantities of each structure can be determined according to actual needs. The drawings described in the present application are only structural schematic diagrams.

[0036] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical scheme of the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the drawings of the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. Based on the described embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0037] Unless otherwise defined, technical terms or scientific terms used herein shall have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terms "first", "second", and similar terms do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but are used to identify different components. The terms "include", "comprise", and similar terms are intended to mean that the elements or objects listed after the terms are included or encompassed by the term, and are not intended to exclude other elements or objects. The terms "inner", "outer", "upper", "lower", "farther", "closer", "front", "back", and similar terms are used to indicate relative positions, and when the absolute positions of the described objects are changed, the relative positions can also be changed accordingly.

[0038] The existing anchor rod is mainly of constant resistance type, but when the deformation of surrounding rock is large and exceeds the deformation of the anchor rod, it is easy to break and fail. At the same time, under the action of high load (constant resistance), the anchor rod is easy to fatigue damage and reduce its bearing capacity, which is not conducive to the long-term effect of the anchor rod on the surrounding rock. In addition, many anchor rods break due to the inability to withstand high shear stress, which may cause serious engineering consequences such as roof collapse, impact instability, and landslide. At the same time, as the construction depth of mining-related projects is becoming deeper, the properties of surrounding rock have changed, which may result in a large deformation. The existing anchor rod may be directly pulled apart due to insufficient deformation allowance. The existing ordinary anchor rod and constant resistance type yield anchor rod do not have the function of measuring the deformation of the anchor rod, and lack of monitoring feedback on the deformation of the anchor rod, which is the reason why the anchor rod is pulled apart due to excessive tensile deformation.

[0039] Therefore, a new type of shear-resistant variable resistance yield measuring anchor rod is needed, which not only can adapt to the lateral displacement deformation of surrounding rock, but also can adjust the supporting resistance provided by the telescopic structure of the rod body to meet the demand of large deformation of surrounding rock without breaking itself, and has sufficient deformation allowance to adapt to possible super-large deformation and avoid direct damage. It should also be able to measure the deformation of the anchor rod in real time to prevent the anchor rod from being pulled apart due to excessive tensile deformation, and to discover possible dangers to ensure the safety of the project as much as possible.

[0040] In combination Figures 1 to 8 As shown in the drawings, a shear-resistant variable resistance yield measuring anchor rod comprises:

[0041] The yielding section 1 comprises a sleeve 11 and a rod body 12, the sleeve 11 is arranged in the anchor hole 61, the rod body 12 is arranged in the sleeve 11, one end of the rod body 12 penetrates the end of the sleeve 11, the abutting block 121 is arranged on the rod body 12 in the sleeve 11, a plurality of resistance elements 13 are arranged on the inner wall of the sleeve 11 along the length direction, the resistance elements 13 are used for providing resistance to the movement of the rod body 12 penetrating the sleeve 11, the end of the rod body 12 is provided with the first elastic element 14, the first elastic element 14 is used for pushing the rod body 12 to make the abutting block 121 abut against the resistance element 13.

[0042] The plurality of shear rods 2 are connected in one body through end-to-end hinged connection, one end of the plurality of shear rods 2 is connected with the penetrating end of the rod body 12; and then the plurality of shear rods 2 can adapt to any distortion and prevent the anchor rod from being broken; the number of the shear rods 2 is adjusted according to actual needs, so that the modular production of the component and the adjustable total length of the anchor rod are realized.

[0043] The pre-tightening section 3 comprises a tray 31 and a threaded rod 32, the tray 31 is provided with a mounting hole, the threaded rod 32 is connected with one end of the plurality of shear rods 2 away from the rod body 12, the threaded rod 32 penetrates the mounting hole, and the penetrating end of the threaded rod 32 is threadedly connected with a pre-tightening nut 321.

[0044] As an alternative embodiment, each group of resistance elements 13 comprises two movable blocks 131 and two second elastic elements 132, the two movable blocks 131 are hingedly connected on the inner wall of the sleeve 11, the contact surfaces of the movable blocks 131 and the abutting block 121 are both arc-shaped, the two second elastic elements 132 are arranged on the two movable blocks 131 respectively, the second elastic elements 132 are used for providing resistance to the deflection of the movable blocks 131 in the direction of the penetrating end of the rod body 12, the elastic coefficients of the second elastic elements 132 of the plurality of resistance elements 13 from the bottom of the sleeve 11 to the side of the sleeve 11 for the penetrating end of the rod body 12 gradually increase, so that the function of variable resistance yielding is realized; the second elastic elements 132 connected with the resistance elements 13 are compressed when the rod body 12 moves, so that the function of partial yielding is realized; specifically, the second elastic elements 132 are small springs.

[0045] As an alternative embodiment, the shear rod 2 comprises a first rod body 21, a second rod body 22 and a scissors-shaped telescopic frame 23, the end of the first rod body 21 is provided with a mounting cavity, the end of the first rod body 21 with the mounting cavity is slidably connected with the second rod body 22, the scissors-shaped telescopic frame 23 is arranged in the mounting cavity, two auxiliary rods 231 are hingedly connected on the two sides of the end of the scissors-shaped telescopic frame 23, and the auxiliary rods 231 on the two ends of the scissors-shaped telescopic frame 23 are hingedly connected on the opposite ends of the first rod body 21 and the second rod body 22; the scissors-shaped telescopic frame 23 is made of a metal strip, specifically, the number of the metal strips is 8-10; the shear rod 2 makes the anchor rod have a large center change to adapt to the extreme deformation of the surrounding rock 6.

[0046] As an alternative embodiment, the measuring assembly comprises a position measuring instrument 4 and a plurality of signal transmitters 41, which are respectively arranged on the plurality of first rods 21, the plurality of second rods 22 and the threaded rod 32, and are all signal connected with the position measuring instrument 4, so that the relative position relationship can be obtained by the position measuring instrument 4 outside the plurality of signal transmitters 41 on the entire anchor rod body 12, and the deformation of the entire measuring anchor rod can be determined.

[0047] As an alternative embodiment, the end of the sleeve 11 is provided with a through hole for the rod 12 to pass out, and the inner wall of the through hole is provided with a rough pad 111, which is used to provide friction for the sliding of the rod 12; at the same time, the rod 12 is prevented from being directly pulled out of the sleeve 11.

[0048] As an alternative embodiment, a plurality of abutting blocks 121 are arranged on the rod 12 in the sleeve 11 along the length direction of the rod 12, and the plurality of abutting blocks 121 are all annular, and the contact surfaces of the plurality of abutting blocks 121 and the movable block 131 are all inclined surfaces.

[0049] As an alternative embodiment, the bottom of the sleeve 11 is provided with a circular pad 15, the first elastic member 14 is a spring, and the first elastic member 14 is arranged between the circular pad 15 and the end of the rod 12.

[0050] As an alternative embodiment, one end of the sleeve 11 for the rod 12 to pass out is provided with a grout stopper 5, which is in interference fit with the anchor hole 61; the grout stopper 5 is used to prevent the backflow of cement slurry, and the grout stopper 5 is connected with a grouting pipe 51 extending out of the anchor hole 61, the grouting pipe 51 extends out of the tray 31 on the outside, and the grouting pipe 51 is used to inject cement slurry into the anchor hole 61.

[0051] The application also provides a use method of the shear-resistant variable-resistance pressure-relieving measuring anchor rod, which comprises the following steps:

[0052] S1: drilling an anchor hole 61 at a position determined in the surrounding rock 6;

[0053] S2: placing the shear-resistant variable-resistance pressure-relieving measuring anchor rod into the anchor hole 61;

[0054] S3: injecting cement slurry to the side of the sleeve 11 through the grouting pipe 51 until the gap between the anchor hole 61 and the sleeve 11 is filled with the cement slurry; the grout stopper 5 can prevent the backflow of the slurry during the injection of the cement slurry;

[0055] S4: After the cement slurry solidifies, the tray 31 is sleeved on the threaded rod 32 outside the anchor hole 61 in sequence, the pre-tightening nut 321 is rotated to make the tray 31 abut against the surrounding rock 6, and the pre-tightening nut 321 is continuously rotated to provide a pre-tightening force.

[0056] When the surrounding rock 6 has large deformation, the sleeve 11 is deformed under the pulling of the cement slurry, at this time, the abutting block 121 of the head of the rod body 12 compresses the resistance piece 13 inside the sleeve 11 step by step; with the movement of the rod body 12, the first elastic piece 14 at the bottom of the sleeve 11 begins to be compressed, both of which prevent the rod body 12 from continuing to move upward, so as to realize the mutual displacement between the rod body 12 and the sleeve 11, and then realize the yield pressure effect with the increase of deformation; at the same time, the rough pad 111 arranged at the inlet of the sleeve 11 also generates friction resistance, improving the yield pressure effect.

[0057] When the rock stratum in the surrounding rock 6 has shear deformation, a shear force will be applied to the anchor rod body, since the first rod body 21 and the second rod body 22 in the shear-resistant rod 2 are hinged with the rod body 12 and the threaded rod 32 respectively, the first rod body 21 and the second rod body 22 can be twisted in the stress direction to a certain extent, preventing damage; so as to ensure that the relative positions of the rod pieces are bent under the action of force, so that the rod pieces can rotate, bend and twist, and when the surrounding rock 6 has tangential deformation, the rod pieces will not be sheared off.

[0058] Since the above technical solutions are adopted, the anchor rod has the functions of measuring the overall deformation, providing support resistance, generating large elongation deformation to meet the requirement of large deformation of the surrounding rock, and adjusting the bending deformation of the rod body to meet the possible lateral deformation and displacement of the surrounding rock. The beneficial effects of the anchor rod are as follows:

[0059] (1) The shear deformation can be generated to meet the lateral displacement and deformation of the rock stratum, and the anchor rod will not be sheared off by the lateral deformation of the surrounding rock;

[0060] (2) Compared with the traditional anchor rod, the anchor rod can generate large elongation deformation, and when the surrounding rock has large deformation, the anchor rod can generate corresponding elongation deformation instead of being directly stretched and broken;

[0061] (3) The overall deformation can be measured to know whether the anchor rod is stressed and whether it will be damaged. The relative movement between the head-end rod body and the sleeve is realized by the plurality of protrusions at the end of the head-end rod body, and the resistance is provided by the spring on the circular pad. When the head-end rod body moves further, the plurality of protrusions contact the resistance piece one by one, and the second elastic piece connected with the resistance piece is compressed, providing an observable gradually increasing resistance, thereby realizing the variable resistance yield pressure effect that the resistance increases with the increase of the deformation of the anchor rod; the shear-resistant structure between the first connectable rod body and the second connectable rod body can meet the possible shear deformation, displacement and slip deformation and other possible deformation conditions.

[0062] The above embodiments are merely specific embodiments of the present application, which are used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not to limit the present application. The protection scope of the present application is not limited to this. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can make modifications or easily think of changes to the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent replacements to some technical features, within the technical scope disclosed by the present application. The modifications, changes or replacements do not make the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present application, and should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A shear-resistant variable resistance pressure measuring anchor rod, characterized in that, include: The pressure section (1) includes a sleeve (11) and a rod (12). The rod (12) is disposed inside the sleeve (11). One end of the rod (12) extends out of the end of the sleeve (11). An abutment block (121) is provided on the rod (12) inside the sleeve (11). Multiple resistance elements (13) are arranged along the length direction on the inner wall of the sleeve (11). The multiple resistance elements (13) cooperate with the abutment block (121). The multiple resistance elements (13) are used to provide resistance to the movement of the rod (12) through the sleeve (11). The resistance of the multiple resistance elements (13) from the bottom of the sleeve (11) to the side of the sleeve (11) where the rod (12) extends out increases sequentially. Multiple shear bars (2) are all hinged together to form a whole, and one end of each of the multiple shear bars (2) is connected to the protruding end of the bar body (12); The preload section (3) includes a tray (31) and a threaded rod (32). The tray (31) is provided with a mounting hole. The threaded rod (32) is connected to one end of the plurality of shear bars (2) away from the bar body (12). The threaded rod (32) passes through the mounting hole and the protruding end of the threaded rod (32) is threadedly connected to a preload nut (321). Each set of resistance elements (13) includes: two movable blocks (131) and two second elastic elements (132). The two movable blocks (131) are hinged to each other on the inner wall of the sleeve (11). The contact surfaces of the movable blocks (131) and the abutment blocks (121) are arc-shaped. The two second elastic elements (132) are respectively disposed on the two movable blocks (131). The second elastic elements (132) are used to provide resistance to the deflection of the movable blocks (131) toward the protruding end of the rod (12). The elastic coefficients of the second elastic elements (132) of the multiple resistance elements (13) from the bottom of the sleeve (11) to the side of the sleeve (11) where the rod (12) protrudes are sequentially increased.

2. The shear resistance variable resistance relief measuring anchor bolt as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The shear-resistant rod (2) includes: a first rod body (21), a second rod body (22), and a scissor-shaped telescopic frame (23). The end of the first rod body (21) is provided with an installation cavity. The end of the first rod body (21) with the installation cavity is slidably connected to the second rod body (22). The scissor-shaped telescopic frame (23) is set in the installation cavity. Two auxiliary rods (231) are respectively hinged to both sides of the end of the scissor-shaped telescopic frame (23). The auxiliary rods (231) at both ends of the scissor-shaped telescopic frame (23) are respectively hinged to the opposite end of the first rod body (21) and the second rod body (22).

3. The shear resistance variable resistance pressure measuring anchor rod as described in claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a measuring component, which includes a position measuring instrument (4) and a plurality of signal transmitters (41), wherein the plurality of signal transmitters (41) are respectively disposed on a plurality of first rods (21), a plurality of second rods (22) and a threaded rod (32), and the plurality of signal transmitters (41) are all connected to the position measuring instrument (4) for signal transmission.

4. The shear resistance variable resistance relief measuring anchor bolt as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The end of the sleeve (11) is provided with a through hole through which the rod (12) passes. The inner wall of the through hole is provided with a rough pad (111), which is used to provide friction for the sliding of the rod (12).

5. The shear resistance variable resistance relief measuring anchor bolt as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple abutment blocks (121) are arranged along the length of the rod (12) inside the sleeve (11). All abutment blocks (121) are annular, and the contact surfaces between the multiple abutment blocks (121) and the movable block (131) are inclined surfaces.

6. The shear resistance variable resistance relief measuring anchor bolt as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the sleeve (11) is provided with a circular pad (15), and a first elastic element (14) is provided between the circular pad (15) and the end of the rod (12). The first elastic element (14) is a spring.

7. The shear resistance variable resistance relief measuring anchor bolt as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The sleeve (11) has a grout stop plug (5) at one end through which the rod body (12) passes. The grout stop plug (5) is press-fitted with the anchor hole (61). A grouting conduit (51) with its tail extending out of the anchor hole (61) is connected to the grout stop plug (5).

8. A method for using a shear resistance variable resistance yielding anchor rod, based on the shear resistance variable resistance yielding anchor rod described in claim 1, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: S1: Drill anchor holes (61) at the location determined by the surrounding rock (6). S2: Insert the shear resistance variable resistance pressure measuring anchor rod into the anchor hole (61); S3: Inject cement grout into the periphery of the sleeve (11) until the cement grout fills the gap between the anchor hole (61) and the sleeve (11); S4: After the cement grout has solidified, the tray (31) and the pre-tightening nut (321) are sequentially mounted on the threaded rod (32) outside the anchor hole (61). The tray (31) is made to come into contact with the surrounding rock (6) by rotating the pre-tightening nut (321), and the pre-tightening nut (321) is continuously rotated to provide pre-tightening force.

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