Method for improving solid organic matter power generation conversion efficiency and reducing carbon emission

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of green power generation, and discloses a method for improving solid organic matter power generation conversion efficiency and reducing carbon emission, which comprises the following steps: S1, solid organic waste combustion step S2, high temperature fuel cell power generation step S3, heat energy steam power generation step S4, secondary steam power generation step S5, tail gas emission step S6, power supply. The two power generation systems interact to generate electric energy, the power generation conversion efficiency is improved, the power generation carbon emission is reduced, the comprehensive power generation efficiency is 45-70%, and the comprehensive carbon emission reduction can be reduced by 30-100%; through a power transformation system, the low-pressure and low-temperature steam or hot water can be directly conveyed to a power grid or directly sold to electricity customers, and the byproduct low-pressure and low-temperature steam or hot water can be recycled and can also be supplied to surrounding users or devices needing the low-pressure and low-temperature steam or hot water.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of green power generation, and specifically relates to a method for improving the power generation conversion efficiency of solid organic matter and reducing carbon emissions. Background Art

[0002] Solid organic matter power generation technology is a thermal power generation technology that uses solid organic matter and the liquid and gas converted from it as fuel. Common solid organic matter includes: plants and their waste, industrial solid organic waste, coal, etc.

[0003] Affected by the conversion efficiency of steam turbines into electricity, the current global electricity conversion efficiency of various solid organic matter power generation is difficult to exceed 50% (246 grams of standard coal / kw·h). At present, the global response to climate change has reached a critical period. Improving the conversion efficiency of power generation can not only reduce carbon emissions, but also reduce the cost of power generation.

[0004] How to improve power generation efficiency? The common method is to reduce the exhaust temperature and pressure of steam. The low-pressure steam outlet of modern steam engines is already in a high vacuum state for this purpose, so exhaust heat loss is the main loss of power generation. The exhaust heat loss of steam turbines results in only about 40% of its power generation efficiency. If the remaining heat energy can be used for heating, there is still 40% that can be used, otherwise it will be discharged into the air. This new power generation method is a new green, low-carbon, low-cost power generation method developed for this purpose. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention discloses a method for improving the efficiency of solid organic matter power generation conversion and reducing carbon emissions, aiming to greatly improve the comprehensive power conversion rate of various solid organic matter through this new power generation method, and completely break through the problem of low global steam turbine power generation efficiency.

[0006] To achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention discloses a method for improving the conversion efficiency of solid organic matter to electricity and reducing carbon emissions, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Solid organic waste combustion

[0008] Various solid organic wastes and their mixtures are dried or dehydrated, and then pulverized or agglomerated, and then respectively input into a partial oxidation reactor and a complete oxidation reactor to undergo high-temperature partial oxidation reaction and complete oxidation reaction together with the input oxygen and water vapor; a high-temperature combustible mixed gas is generated in the partial oxidation reactor; carbon dioxide and water are generated in the complete oxidation reactor, and a large amount of heat is released;

[0009] Step 2: High temperature fuel cell power generation

[0010] The combustible mixed gas generated in the partial oxidation reactor passes through the shift reactor and the decarbonization device in sequence. Carbon monoxide and water vapor undergo a shift reaction under the action of a catalyst to generate hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The gas then enters the decarbonization device to remove carbon dioxide from the mixed gas. The clean combustible mixed gas then enters the high-temperature fuel cell to generate electricity.

[0011] Step 3: Thermal steam power generation

[0012] The large amount of heat released by the complete oxidation reactor is absorbed by the water-cooling pipes and water-cooling walls arranged on the side walls of the complete oxidation reactor, and the water is converted into high-temperature and high-pressure steam, which is then input into the steam turbine generator to generate electricity.

[0013] Step 4: Secondary steam power generation

[0014] During the process of cooling and purifying the high-temperature combustible mixed gas generated by the partial oxidation reactor through the cooler and purifier, a large amount of high-temperature steam generated by the cooler is merged into the output pipeline of the steam generated by the complete oxidation reactor;

[0015] Step 5: Exhaust Emissions

[0016] After the heat recovery in the complete oxidation reactor is completed, the mixture of low-temperature carbon dioxide, water vapor, hydrogen, etc. is purified, dust-removed, desulfurized, and denitrified, and then discharged into the atmosphere in accordance with the requirements of environmental emission indicators;

[0017] Step 6: Power supply

[0018] The electric energy generated by the two power generation systems, the partial oxidation reactor and the complete oxidation reactor, is directly transmitted to the power grid or electricity customers through the substation system.

[0019] Furthermore, in step four, the heat generated by the complete oxidation reactor is absorbed by the water-cooled heat exchange tubes and water-cooled heat exchange walls arranged on various side walls, and then converted into high-temperature, high-pressure steam which is directly transported to the steam turbine machinery, driving the steam turbine generator to generate electricity, thereby converting the thermal energy and pressure energy in the steam into electrical energy.

[0020] Furthermore, in the step three, in the high-temperature fuel cell, the combustible mixed gas undergoes an electrochemical reaction with oxygen in the air to convert the chemical energy of the combustible mixed gas into electrical energy, and the exhaust gas discharge temperature is above 400°C. The high-temperature exhaust gas is then directly transported to the interior of the complete oxidation reactor to mix and exchange with the reaction gas in the complete oxidation reactor.

[0021] Furthermore, in the step one, the reaction temperatures of the partial oxidation reactor and the complete oxidation reactor are respectively in the range of 600-1500°C and 1000-1500°C, and are adjusted by adjusting the composition and proportion of the combustible products or adding corresponding catalysts; part of the generated elemental carbon powder is output or discharged with the slag.

[0022] Furthermore, oxygen and water vapor are injected into the partial oxidation reactor as oxidants, and air is injected into the complete oxidation reactor as oxidants.

[0023] Furthermore, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, carbon dioxide and elemental carbon powder are generated in the partial oxidation reactor.

[0024] Furthermore, the side walls of the cooler are arranged with water cooling pipes and water cooling walls to absorb the high temperature heat after the reaction and generate high temperature and high pressure steam.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] The present invention generates electric energy through the interaction of two power generation systems, thereby improving the power generation conversion efficiency and reducing the carbon emissions of power generation. The comprehensive power generation efficiency is 45-70%, and the comprehensive carbon emission reduction can be reduced by 30-100%. Through the substation system, it can be directly transmitted to the power grid or sold directly to electricity users. The by-product low-pressure and low-temperature steam or hot water can be recycled or supplied to surrounding users or devices in need. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 Flow chart of the method of the present invention

[0028] Figure 2 It is an implementation flow chart of the present invention.

[0029] Explanation of the reference numerals: 1. partial oxidation reactor; 2. complete oxidation reactor; 3. cooler; 4. purifier; 5. shift reactor; 6. decarbonization device; 7. high-temperature fuel cell; 8. steam turbine generator. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below. Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the present invention more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art.

[0031] A method for improving the conversion efficiency of solid organic matter to electricity and reducing carbon emissions, the specific implementation method comprises the following steps:

[0032] First, plants, various solid organic wastes and their mixtures are dried or dehydrated, and then pulverized or agglomerated and input into the partial oxidation reactor 1, where they undergo a high-temperature partial oxidation reaction with the input oxygen and water vapor to generate hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, C2-C4 and other combustible components. The reaction temperature is 600-1500°C. If it is desired to adjust the composition and proportion of the combustible products, a corresponding catalyst may be added for adjustment. A portion of single carbon powder may also be generated and output or discharged with the slag as required.

[0033] At the same time, plants, various solid organic matter, coal and their mixtures are dried or dehydrated, and then pulverized and input into the complete oxidation reactor 2, where they undergo a high-temperature complete oxidation reaction with the input preheated air to generate carbon dioxide and water, releasing a large amount of heat;

[0034] The large amount of heat released is absorbed by the water-cooling pipes and water-cooling walls arranged on the side walls of the complete oxidation reactor 2, turning water into high-temperature and high-pressure steam. After the heat recovery in the complete oxidation reactor 2, the mixture of low-temperature carbon dioxide, water vapor, hydrogen, etc. is purified, dust-removed, desulfurized, and denitrated, and then discharged into the atmosphere, meeting the requirements of various national environmental protection emission indicators;

[0035] Then, the high-temperature combustible mixed gas generated by the reaction in the partial oxidation reactor 1 is cooled and purified by the cooler 3 and the purifier 4. The cooling is carried out by water pipe cooling, and the high-temperature and high-pressure steam generated is merged into the output pipeline of the steam generated in the complete oxidation reactor 2. The clean combustible mixed gas generated in the partial oxidation reactor 1 is transported to the shift reactor 5. In this device, carbon monoxide and water vapor undergo a shift reaction under the action of a catalyst to generate hydrogen and carbon dioxide, and then enter the decarbonization device 6. After the carbon dioxide in the mixed gas is removed, the combustible mixed gas enters the high-temperature fuel cell 7;

[0036] In the high-temperature fuel cell 7, the combustible mixed gas undergoes an electrochemical reaction with oxygen in the air, converting the chemical energy of the combustible mixed gas into electrical energy, with an electrical conversion efficiency of 45-65%, and an exhaust gas discharge temperature of more than 400°C. The high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the reaction is then directly transported to the interior of the complete oxidation reactor 2 to mix and exchange with the reaction gas in the complete oxidation reactor 2;

[0037] The heat generated by the reaction in the complete oxidation reactor 2 is absorbed by the water-cooled heat exchange tubes and water-cooled heat exchange walls arranged on the side walls, and then converted into high-temperature, high-pressure steam, which is directly transported to the steam turbine machinery to drive the steam turbine generator 8 to generate electricity, converting the heat energy and pressure energy in the steam into electrical energy, with a power generation efficiency of more than 40%;

[0038] The electric energy generated by the two power generation systems in this method can be directly transmitted to the power grid or sold directly to electricity users through the power transformation system. The by-product low-pressure and low-temperature steam or hot water can be recycled or supplied to surrounding users or devices in need.

[0039] in:

[0040] (1) The partial oxidation reactor 1 is a gasifier, the complete oxidation reactor 2 is a boiler, and the shift reactor 5 is a shift furnace;

[0041] (2) The specific solid organic matter can be wood chips, coal, rice husks, corn stalks, tree barks and roots, reeds, reeds and other biomass. In the embodiment, wood chips are used as an example;

[0042] (3) The partial oxidation reactor 1 is a gasification reaction, and its reaction equation is:

[0043] C n O n H n +O2+H2O→CO+H2+CH4;

[0044] The complete oxidation reactor mainly uses organic matter as fuel to heat water, turning the water into steam, thereby driving the steam turbine to generate electricity.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] The advantages of the present invention are demonstrated by taking a 600,000 kw steam turbine generator 8 that works for 6,000 hours per year as an example.

[0047] Raw materials: The partial oxidation reactor 1 uses an energy plant with a dry basis calorific value of 4000 kcal as raw material, and the complete oxidation reactor 2 uses thermal coal as raw material, and the amount is converted according to the standard coal calorific value of 7000 kcal.

[0048] The calorific value of the raw material in the partial oxidation reactor 1 accounts for 20% of the total calorific value of the raw material; the calorific value of the raw material in the complete oxidation reactor 2 accounts for 80% of the total calorific value of the raw material.

[0049] Partial oxidation reactor 1: inject oxygen and water vapor as oxidants into the partial oxidation reactor 1 to generate high-temperature combustible mixed gas such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, carbon dioxide and some single carbon powder;

[0050] The high-temperature gas generated by the partial oxidation reactor 1 is cooled and purified by a water cooling pipe, and the high-temperature steam generated by the cooling is injected into the output pipe of the steam generated by the complete oxidation reactor 2;

[0051] The cooled and purified mixed gas undergoes a shift reaction of carbon monoxide and water to produce hydrogen and remove carbon dioxide and water from the mixed gas; the resulting purified combustible mixed gas mixture enters the fuel cell to generate electricity;

[0052] The high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the fuel cell power generation is directly injected into the furnace chamber of the complete oxidation reactor 2.

[0053] Complete oxidation reactor 2: Air is injected into the complete oxidation reactor 2 as an oxidant; the high-temperature and high-pressure steam generated by the complete oxidation reactor 2 is input into the steam turbine to generate electricity.

[0054] Among them, the reaction efficiency of the gas generated by the partial oxidation reactor 1 is 80%, the electric conversion efficiency of the fuel cell is 45%, and the power generation efficiency of the steam turbine is 41%.

[0055] Data Summary unit This method General power generation Raw materials converted into standard coal 10,000 tons / year 120.6 108 Annual total power generation 100 million kw·h 42.3 36 Total power generation efficiency ％ 43.2 41.0 Carbon emissions 10,000 tons / year 262 284 Carbon sinks from green power generation 10,000 tons / year 75.5 0 Coal consumption per kWh after transformation g / kw·h 287 300

[0056] In summary, the present invention has positive benefits in improving power generation conversion efficiency, reducing power generation carbon emissions and carbon sinks.

[0057] Example 2

[0058] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the electricity conversion efficiency of the high temperature fuel cell 7 is 60%.

[0059] Data Summary unit This method General power generation Raw materials converted into standard coal 10,000 tons / year 122 108 Annual total power generation 100 million kw·h 44.4 36 Total power generation efficiency ％ 43.4 41.0 Carbon emissions 10,000 tons / year 266 284 Carbon sinks from green power generation 10,000 tons / year 86.7 0 Coal consumption per kWh after transformation g / kw·h 283 300

[0060] In summary, the present invention has positive benefits in improving power generation conversion efficiency, reducing power generation carbon emissions and carbon sinks.

[0061] Example 3

[0062] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 2 is that the calorific value of the raw material in the partial oxidation reactor 1 accounts for 60% of the total calorific value of the raw material; the calorific value of the raw material in the complete oxidation reactor 2 accounts for 40% of the total calorific value of the raw material.

[0063] Data Summary unit The present invention General power generation Raw materials converted into standard coal 10,000 tons / year 152 108 Annual total power generation 100 million kw·h 61.3 36 Total power generation efficiency ％ 50.7 41.0 Carbon emissions 10,000 tons / year 229 284 Carbon sinks from green power generation 10,000 tons / year 259 0 Coal consumption per kWh after transformation g / kw·h 242 300

[0064] In summary, the present invention has positive benefits in improving power generation conversion efficiency, reducing power generation carbon emissions and carbon sinks.

Claims

1. A method for improving the conversion efficiency of solid organic matter to electricity and reducing carbon emissions, characterized in that: The following steps are included: Step S1: Solid organic waste combustion Various solid organic wastes and their mixtures are dried or dehydrated, and then pulverized or agglomerated, and then respectively input into a partial oxidation reactor and a complete oxidation reactor to undergo high-temperature partial oxidation reaction and complete oxidation reaction together with the input oxygen and water vapor; a high-temperature combustible mixed gas is generated in the partial oxidation reactor; carbon dioxide and water are generated in the complete oxidation reactor, and a large amount of heat is released; Step S2: High temperature fuel cell power generation The combustible mixed gas generated in the partial oxidation reactor passes through the shift reactor and the decarbonization device in sequence. Carbon monoxide and water vapor undergo a shift reaction under the action of a catalyst to generate hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The gas then enters the decarbonization device to remove carbon dioxide from the mixed gas. The clean combustible mixed gas then enters the high-temperature fuel cell to generate electricity. Step S3: Thermal steam power generation The large amount of heat released by the complete oxidation reactor is absorbed by the water-cooling pipes and water-cooling walls arranged on the side walls of the complete oxidation reactor, and the water is converted into high-temperature and high-pressure steam, which is then input into the steam turbine generator to generate electricity. Step S4: Secondary steam power generation During the process of cooling and purifying the high-temperature combustible mixed gas generated by the partial oxidation reactor through the cooler and purifier, a large amount of high-temperature steam generated by the cooler is merged into the output pipeline of the steam generated by the complete oxidation reactor; Step S5: exhaust gas emission After the heat recovery in the complete oxidation reactor is completed, the mixture of low-temperature carbon dioxide, water vapor, hydrogen, etc. is purified, dust-removed, desulfurized, and denitrified, and then discharged into the atmosphere in accordance with the requirements of environmental emission indicators; Step S6: Power supply The electric energy generated by the two power generation systems, the partial oxidation reactor and the complete oxidation reactor, is directly transmitted to the power grid or electricity customers through the substation system.

2. The method for improving the conversion efficiency of solid organic matter to electricity and reducing carbon emissions according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the heat generated by the complete oxidation reactor is absorbed by the water-cooled heat exchange tubes and water-cooled heat exchange walls arranged on various side walls, and then converted into high-temperature, high-pressure steam which is directly transported to the steam turbine machinery to drive the steam turbine generator to generate electricity, thereby converting the thermal energy and pressure energy in the steam into electrical energy.

3. The method for improving the conversion efficiency of solid organic matter to electricity and reducing carbon emissions according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, in the high-temperature fuel cell, the combustible mixed gas undergoes an electrochemical reaction with oxygen in the air to convert the chemical energy of the combustible mixed gas into electrical energy, and the exhaust gas discharge temperature is above 400°C. The high-temperature exhaust gas is then directly transported to the interior of the complete oxidation reactor to mix and exchange with the reaction gas in the complete oxidation reactor.

4. The method for improving the efficiency of solid organic matter power generation and reducing carbon emissions according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the reaction temperatures of the partial oxidation reactor and the complete oxidation reactor are respectively in the range of 600-1500°C and 1000-1500°C, and are adjusted by adjusting the composition and proportion of the combustible products or adding corresponding catalysts; part of the generated elemental carbon powder is output or discharged with the slag.

5. The method for improving the conversion efficiency of solid organic matter to electricity and reducing carbon emissions according to claim 4, characterized in that: Oxygen and water vapor are injected into the partial oxidation reactor as oxidants, and air is injected into the complete oxidation reactor as oxidants.

6. The method for improving the efficiency of solid organic matter power generation and reducing carbon emissions according to claim 1, characterized in that: Hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, carbon dioxide and elemental carbon powder are produced in the partial oxidation reactor.

7. The method for improving the efficiency of solid organic matter power generation and reducing carbon emissions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side walls of the cooler are arranged with water-cooling pipes and water-cooling walls to absorb the high-temperature heat after the reaction and generate high-temperature and high-pressure steam.

Images