Incineration system for multi-point emission of high-concentration asphalt smoke

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-concentration asphalt smoke multi-point emission incineration system, which comprises a plurality of asphalt smoke generation devices, and is characterized in that the asphalt smoke generation devices are connected with an incineration furnace chamber (1) through flues, each flue is provided with a smoke exhaust valve (11), more than one large combustor (4) is arranged in the incineration furnace chamber (1), a small combustor (3) is arranged at an outlet of each flue, and the large combustors (4) are connected with the small combustors (3). More than one temperature sensor (2) is arranged in the incinerator chamber (1), and an oxygen supplementing channel (5) is further arranged in the incinerator chamber (1). The incineration system starts to incinerate smoke at the source position where the asphalt smoke is generated, the power of the combustors can be adjusted according to the conditions of the smoke generated by different devices, the combustors and the oxygen supplementation channels are arranged at multiple positions of the head, the middle and the tail of the incineration furnace chamber in a partitioned mode, and the power of the combustors is adjustable. The device is used for accurately controlling the temperature of different positions in a combustion chamber according to needs, supplementing oxygen needed by asphalt smoke incineration and adjusting the temperature of a furnace chamber.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a high-concentration asphalt fume multi-point emission incineration system, which is a high-efficiency incineration technology for high-concentration asphalt fume generated by a lithium battery negative electrode material coating process reactor and a carbon product car bottom roasting furnace, and belongs to the field of fume purification technology. Background Art

[0002] One of the important raw materials for lithium battery manufacturing is the negative electrode material. The negative electrode material coating process reactor is a device used to mix petroleum coke powder and asphalt powder and then heat them. During the mixing and heating process, the asphalt melts and penetrates into the pores inside the petroleum coke powder and forms an asphalt film on its surface. The filling rate of asphalt in the pores of petroleum coke directly affects the quality of the negative electrode material, so the coating granulation process is a crucial process in the production process of negative electrode materials. Since the heating temperature of the reactor exceeds 600°C and the proportion of asphalt is high, a large amount of volatile matter and carbon dust, mainly asphalt smoke, will be generated during the production process. After the flue gas is discharged from the reactor, the asphalt smoke condenses into liquid tar mixed with carbon powder and condenses on the exhaust pipe, which quickly becomes blocked. In order to solve the problem of exhaust pipe blockage, the coating granulation workshop needs to clean the exhaust pipe near the equipment outlet every day. Since benzo[a]pyrene in asphalt smoke is a strong carcinogen, long-term exposure not only seriously damages the physical and mental health of front-line production employees, but also affects the production capacity of coating granulation. With the strong demand for new energy, the production capacity of lithium battery negative electrodes has expanded rapidly, and the production capacity of enterprises has continued to expand. At present, the coating and granulation process is generally equipped with more than a dozen or even hundreds of reactors. The flue gas treatment system generally collects the flue gas generated by dozens of reactors through pipelines, first pre-treats the carbon dust in the flue gas, and then connects it to the incineration system for centralized treatment of the flue gas. Due to the high exhaust temperature of the reactor, the flue gas not only blocks the pipeline during transportation along the pipeline, but also cools the flue gas, which not only loses heat but also fails to solve the problem of pipeline blockage. Therefore, the current flue gas treatment in the negative electrode coating and granulation process has become a "pain point problem" affecting this process and needs to be solved urgently.

[0003] The car bottom roasting furnace technology is used for the roasting production of carbon products (primary roasting and re-roasting). Its typical feature is that it can accurately control the temperature in the furnace and the temperature difference between the upper and lower parts of the furnace to meet the production of medium and high-end carbon products with variable specifications and high quality requirements. It covers the roasting production of carbon electrode products and special graphite products (such as graphite electrodes, graphite cathodes, furnace electrodes, graphite linings, graphite heat exchangers, etc.). Compared with traditional ring roasting furnaces and tunnel kilns, the car bottom roasting furnace has higher production efficiency, shorter roasting cycle and better product quality in addition to precise temperature control. Since the production process of the car bottom roasting furnace is to isolate oxygen for roasting, the volatile matter mainly composed of asphalt smoke precipitated from the carbon products cannot be burned in the furnace. The high-concentration and high-temperature asphalt smoke can only be discharged and transported to the back-end incineration system through the flue for centralized incineration treatment. At present, the car-bottom furnace roasting workshop for mid-to-high-end carbon products is generally equipped with 6 to 15 car-bottom furnaces. The flue gas treatment system generally collects the flue gas generated by the car-bottom roasting furnace through a flue of dozens of meters and then connects it to the incineration system for centralized flue gas treatment. Since the exhaust temperature of the car-bottom roasting furnace is relatively high, the flue gas cools down seriously during the transportation along the pipeline, and the air leakage is also relatively serious, resulting in serious heat loss, which causes the energy consumption of the incineration system to be generally high. Since the energy consumption per ton of product of the car-bottom roasting furnace is more than twice that of the ring roasting furnace, the high energy consumption seriously restricts its application in the industry. Therefore, reducing the energy consumption of the car-bottom roasting furnace is also a technical problem. The present invention not only improves the incineration efficiency but also reduces the overall energy consumption of the incineration system through technical improvements. Summary of the invention

[0004] The problem to be solved by the present invention is to solve the problems of pipeline blockage and high energy consumption in a flue gas incineration system in which multiple process equipments producing high-concentration asphalt smoke are operated simultaneously and asphalt smoke is discharged at multiple points.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is: a combustion system for multi-point emission of high-concentration asphalt smoke, including multiple asphalt smoke generating devices, the asphalt smoke generating devices are connected to the incinerator chamber through a flue, each flue is provided with a smoke exhaust valve, more than one large burner is provided in the incinerator chamber, a small burner is provided at each flue outlet, more than one temperature sensor is provided in the incinerator chamber, and an oxygen supply channel is also provided in the incinerator chamber. 1-incinerator chamber, 2-temperature sensor, 3-small burner at the smoke exhaust port, 4-large burner in the incinerator chamber, 5-oxygen supply channel, 6-hot air electric regulating valve, 7-fuel electric regulating valve, 8-hot air electric valve, 9-cold air electric valve, 10-combustion air booster fan.

[0006] The outlet of the incinerator chamber is connected to the primary heat exchanger, and the outlet of the primary heat exchanger is connected to the secondary heat exchanger. The hot air heated by the secondary heat exchanger is connected to the hot air electric valve, the combustion air booster fan and the hot air electric regulating valve through the hot air pipe and then transported to the oxygen supply channel of the incinerator chamber.

[0007] The hot air heated by the secondary heat exchanger is respectively delivered to the small burner and the large burner through the hot air pipe connected to the hot air electric regulating valve.

[0008] The combustion air booster fan is also connected to the cold air duct and the cold air electric valve.

[0009] Large burners are arranged at the head, middle and tail of the incinerator chamber. The combustion power of the large burners is adjustable and is used to adjust the incineration temperature in the incinerator chamber.

[0010] Oxygen supply channels are set at the head, middle and tail of the incinerator chamber to directionally supplement the combustion air according to the location where the asphalt smoke is generated to meet the oxygen required for the combustion of the asphalt smoke, and are used to adjust the temperature in the furnace chamber.

[0011] The fuel is connected to the fuel electric regulating valve through the fuel pipeline and then transported to the small burner and the large burner respectively.

[0012] The present invention sets an incinerator chamber (also serving as an exhaust pipe) at the exhaust valve outlet of the asphalt smoke generating equipment. The incinerator chamber is well insulated to ensure low heat loss. A small burner is arranged at the exhaust valve outlet of each asphalt smoke generating equipment. When the process equipment is heated up, the combustion power of the burner is adjusted according to the asphalt smoke concentration and smoke volume generated at different stages to meet the needs of smoke incineration. The present invention sets a large burner with adjustable power and an oxygen supply channel at multiple positions of the head, middle and tail of the incinerator chamber. When a certain area of ​​the combustion chamber generates more asphalt smoke, it is necessary to ensure the incineration temperature of the area to achieve the purpose of completely cracking and burning the pollutants (asphalt smoke). If the concentration of asphalt smoke generated in the area is high, the heat generated by the incineration of asphalt smoke can basically meet the temperature of the furnace chamber in the area. However, due to the low oxygen content in the incineration chamber, it is only necessary to open the oxygen supply channel valve arranged near the area, and the asphalt smoke nearby can be burned by supplementing oxygen to achieve the cracking and incineration of the asphalt smoke. If the incineration temperature still cannot be reached, the large burner near the area is opened to increase the temperature of the area to achieve the purpose of completely burning the pollutants.

[0013] Whether it is the negative electrode material coating granulation reactor or the car-bottom type roasting furnace, a typical feature of its process production is that the temperature is increased according to a certain production sequence, which causes the asphalt smoke concentration and flue gas volume generated by each device to be different. The asphalt smoke concentration in the flue gas of the two types of equipment is low in the early and late stages of heating, and the asphalt smoke concentration is high during production in the intermediate temperature zone. The present invention controls high-temperature incineration only in areas with high asphalt smoke concentration according to the process production characteristics, and heats the high-temperature flue gas to the low-temperature flue gas, and controls the temperature in the incinerator room in zones and sections to achieve the goal of solving the problem of asphalt smoke blocking the pipeline and high energy consumption. The selection of the high-temperature zone in the incinerator room is determined based on the state of asphalt smoke generated corresponding to the production temperature of the process equipment. The target value of the incineration temperature is determined based on the temperature sensors installed in different areas of the incinerator room. The control of the temperature in the incinerator room is achieved by installing a small burner at the smoke exhaust port of the equipment, a large burner in different areas of the furnace room, and supplementing combustion air in different areas.

[0014] In order to save energy, the combustion air required by this incineration system is the hot air generated by the waste heat recovery of the incineration system. The high-temperature flue gas generated by the incineration system is first heated in the first-stage heat exchanger to heat the heat transfer oil for process production or a steam boiler is configured to generate steam. The medium and low-temperature flue gas after heat recovery heats the combustion air in the second-stage heat exchanger. After multi-stage heat recovery, the energy consumption of the incineration system is greatly reduced. At the same time, heat transfer oil or steam is prepared for process production, saving production costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an incineration system for multi-point emission of high-concentration asphalt smoke according to the present invention; The markings in the attached drawing are: 1-incinerator chamber, 2-temperature sensor, 3-small burner, 4-large burner, 5-oxygen supply channel, 6-hot air electric regulating valve, 7-fuel electric regulating valve, 8-hot air electric valve, 9-cold air electric valve, 10-combustion air booster fan, 11-smoke exhaust valve, 12-primary heat exchanger, 13-secondary heat exchanger. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0017] A high-concentration asphalt smoke multi-point emission incineration system, including multiple asphalt smoke generating devices, the asphalt smoke generating devices are connected to an incinerator chamber 1 through a flue, each flue is provided with a smoke exhaust valve 11, more than one large burner 4 is provided in the incinerator chamber 1, a small burner 3 is provided at each flue outlet, more than one temperature sensor 2 is provided in the incinerator chamber 1, and an oxygen supply channel 5 is also provided in the incinerator chamber 1. Figure 1 As shown, the asphalt smoke generating equipment is located on the upper and lower sides of the incinerator chamber 1, with multiple units connected in parallel for production (equipment numbers 1#, 2#......#, a#, b#......#).

[0018] The outlet of the incinerator chamber 1 is connected to the primary heat exchanger 12, and the outlet of the primary heat exchanger 12 is connected to the secondary heat exchanger 13. The hot air heated by the secondary heat exchanger 13 is connected to the hot air electric valve 8, the combustion air booster fan 10 and the hot air electric regulating valve 6 through the hot air pipe and then transported to the oxygen supply channel 5 of the incinerator chamber 1.

[0019] The hot air heated by the secondary heat exchanger 13 is respectively delivered to the small burner 3 and the large burner 4 through the hot air pipeline connected to the hot air electric regulating valve 6.

[0020] The combustion air booster fan 10 is also connected to the cold air pipeline and the cold air electric valve 9.

[0021] Large burners 4 are arranged at the head, middle and tail of the incinerator chamber 1. The combustion power of the large burner 4 is adjustable and is used to adjust the incineration temperature in the incinerator chamber.

[0022] Oxygen supply channels 5 are arranged at the head, middle and tail of the incinerator chamber 1 to replenish combustion-supporting air in a directional manner according to the location where the asphalt smoke is generated to meet the oxygen required for the combustion of the asphalt smoke and to adjust the temperature in the furnace chamber.

[0023] The fuel is connected to the fuel electric regulating valve 7 through a fuel pipeline and then transported to the small burner 3 and the large burner 4 respectively.

[0024] The production process of the asphalt smoke generating equipment starts with heating and heating up the equipment 1# and a# in sequence to start production. In the early stage of heating up, the temperature of the asphalt smoke generating equipment has not yet reached the asphalt smoke precipitation temperature, and no harmful smoke is generated. In this state, it is only necessary to start the small burner 3 of the smoke exhaust port corresponding to the equipment 1# and a#. A small flame is set on the small burner 3. The large flame power of the small burner 3 can be adjusted by adjusting the opening of the fuel electric regulating valve 7 and the opening of the hot air electric regulating valve 6. In the initial stage of production, since no harmful smoke is generated, it is only necessary to turn on the small flame configured on the corresponding small burner 3 of the smoke exhaust port. When the temperature of the process equipment is about to reach the lower limit of the temperature for generating asphalt smoke, turn on the small burner of the smoke exhaust port. 3, that is, open the fuel electric regulating valve 7 and the hot air electric regulating valve 6, and increase the combustion power from small to large openings. The temperature of the incinerator chamber 1 near the smoke exhaust port begins to rise, and the temperature is monitored by the temperature sensor 2 on the incinerator chamber 1 near this position. When the temperature in this area reaches about 800°C, the combustion power of the small burner 3 is maintained. If the temperature in this area cannot reach the preset temperature value (assuming 800°C), open the large burner 4 in the nearby area of ​​the incinerator chamber 1. Similarly, adjust the combustion power by adjusting the openings of the fuel electric regulating valve 7 and the hot air electric regulating valve 6 on the large burner 4 until the display of the temperature sensor 2 in this area reaches the preset temperature to maintain the combustion power of the large burner 4.

[0025] After the 1# and a# equipment reach the asphalt smoke precipitation temperature, asphalt smoke concentration and smoke volume increase from small to large. Since asphalt is a combustible volatile component, smoke combustion generates a large amount of heat, and the temperature of the corresponding area of ​​the incinerator chamber 1 increases. When it is higher than the set temperature upper limit (assuming 850°C), the combustion power of the large burner 4 is reduced to maintain the temperature of the area in the preset temperature range (assuming 800~850°C). When the asphalt smoke generated by the 1# and a# equipment reaches a certain amount, the heat generated by the combustion of the asphalt smoke can reach the temperature of the corresponding area of ​​the incinerator chamber 1, the large burner 4 is turned off, and the temperature of the area is maintained in the preset temperature range (assuming 800~850°C) by adjusting the combustion power of the small burner 3. Since the combustion of asphalt smoke requires sufficient oxygen, the oxygen needs to be supplemented additionally, which is achieved by the hot air electric regulating valve 6 installed on the oxygen supply channel 5 in the corresponding area of ​​the incinerator chamber 1. The opening of the hot air electric regulating valve 6 is adjusted to ensure the full combustion of the asphalt smoke. If the temperature of a large amount of asphalt smoke exceeds the set upper limit value (assuming 850°C) after combustion, the area can also be cooled down (hot air temperature ~200°C) by increasing the opening of the hot air electric regulating valve 6 installed on the oxygen supply channel 5.

[0026] When the temperature of 1# and a# equipment reaches a certain temperature, the asphalt smoke generated gradually decreases, and the temperature of this area cannot be maintained in the preset temperature range (assuming 800~850℃). At this time, the combustion power of the small burner 3 at the exhaust port and the combustion power of the large burner 4 are increased in sequence to maintain the temperature stability of this area. When the temperature of 1# and a# equipment exceeds the carbonization temperature of asphalt, asphalt smoke is no longer generated. At this time, although 1# and a# equipment still generate smoke, the smoke basically does not contain harmful substances. When this state is reached, the large burner 4 can be turned off and the combustion power of the small burner 3 at the exhaust port can be reduced.

[0027] When 1# and a# process equipment no longer produce asphalt smoke, 2# and b# process equipment have reached the temperature range for producing asphalt smoke according to the production sequence. At this time, the temperature of the incinerator chamber 1 area corresponding to 2# and b# process equipment will be used as the target value and the temperature control of the area will be started in the above order. The biggest feature of the present invention is that in the incinerator chamber 1, according to the different states of asphalt smoke produced by different process equipment, by adjusting the combustion power of the large burner 4 and the small burner 3 of the incinerator chamber, and by adjusting the opening of the hot air electric regulating valve 6 installed on the oxygen supply channel 5 of the area, the zone-specific precise temperature control is achieved, and the energy-saving target is met while meeting the flue gas incineration.

[0028] A temperature sensor 2 is provided on the high-temperature flue gas pipeline at the outlet of the incinerator chamber 1 to monitor the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas at the outlet of the incinerator. The high-temperature flue gas first enters the primary heat exchanger 12 to recover high-grade heat energy, which can be used to heat the heat transfer oil for process production, and can also prepare medium-pressure steam for drying raw materials, thereby reducing process production costs and creating value for the enterprise. The flue gas temperature at the outlet of the primary heat exchanger 12 is about 250-300°C, and the flue gas heat is further recovered through the secondary heat exchanger 13 to heat the combustion air required for the combustion of fuel and asphalt smoke in the incineration system. The cold air is heated to about 200°C through the secondary heat exchanger 13, the hot air electric valve 8 is opened, and the cold air electric valve 9 is closed. The hot air is pressurized by the combustion air booster fan 10 and then transported to the incineration system through a pipeline for use. The incineration system of the present invention uses hot air as combustion air, and the heat recovery of heat energy in the flue gas can greatly reduce the fuel consumption of the incineration system. When hot air cannot be supplied, the hot air electric valve 8 can be closed and the cold air electric valve 9 can be opened. The cold air is pressurized by the combustion air booster fan 10 and then supplied to the incineration system, thereby increasing the safety and stability of the incineration system operation.

[0029] The present invention also has implementation methods for treating other similar equipment. For example, a production method in which multiple similar equipment that produces flammable organic waste gas works in parallel can also be treated by the zoned temperature-controlled incineration method of the present invention. All technical solutions formed by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope required by the present invention, and the burned fuels include conventional fuels such as natural gas, coal gas, and heavy oil.

Claims

1. A high-concentration asphalt fume multi-point emission incineration system, comprising a plurality of asphalt fume generating devices, characterized in that: The asphalt smoke generating device is connected to the incinerator chamber (1) via a flue, each flue is provided with a smoke exhaust valve (11), one or more large burners (4) are provided in the incinerator chamber (1), a small burner (3) is provided at the outlet of each flue, one or more temperature sensors (2) are provided in the incinerator chamber (1), and an oxygen supply channel (5) is also provided in the incinerator chamber (1).

2. According to claim 1, a high-concentration asphalt smoke multi-point emission incineration system is characterized by: The outlet of the incinerator chamber (1) is connected to a primary heat exchanger (12), and the outlet of the primary heat exchanger (12) is connected to a secondary heat exchanger (13). The hot air heated by the secondary heat exchanger (13) is connected to a hot air electric valve (8), a combustion air booster fan (10) and a hot air electric regulating valve (6) through a hot air pipeline and then transported to the oxygen supply channel (5) of the incinerator chamber (1).

3. According to claim 2, a high-concentration asphalt smoke multi-point emission incineration system is characterized by: The hot air heated by the secondary heat exchanger (13) is connected to the hot air electric regulating valve (6) through a hot air pipeline and then transported to the small burner (3) and the large burner (4).

4. According to claim 2, a high-concentration asphalt smoke multi-point emission incineration system is characterized by: The combustion air booster fan (10) is also connected to the cold air pipeline and the cold air electric valve (9).

5. According to claim 1, a high-concentration asphalt smoke multi-point emission incineration system is characterized by: Large burners (4) are arranged at the head, middle and tail of the incinerator chamber (1); the combustion power of the large burner (4) is adjustable and is used to adjust the incineration temperature in the incinerator chamber.

6. According to claim 1, a high-concentration asphalt smoke multi-point emission incineration system is characterized by: Oxygen supply channels (5) are provided at the head, middle and tail of the incinerator chamber (1) to replenish combustion-supporting air in a targeted manner according to the location where the asphalt smoke is generated to meet the oxygen required for the combustion of the asphalt smoke, and to adjust the temperature in the furnace chamber.

7. According to claim 1, a high-concentration asphalt smoke multi-point emission incineration system is characterized by: The fuel is connected to the fuel electric regulating valve (7) through a fuel pipeline and then transported to the small burner (3) and the large burner (4).

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