Device for detecting inner and outer surfaces of screws and nuts

Abstract

The invention provides a screw and nut inner and outer surface detection device, and relates to the field of screw and nut detection devices, and the device comprises a detection assembly which is composed of a rotating mechanism and a control mechanism, and can be used for detecting screws and nuts in an auxiliary positioning block one by one through a rotating disc. The detection assembly can accurately reflect the resistance change of the screw and the nut during screwing during detection, detection is comprehensive, data are accurate, meanwhile, the initial torsion of the detection assembly during detection can be freely adjusted and controlled for use, the detection assembly can be suitable for detection use of screws and nuts of different specifications and under different detection specifications, and the detection efficiency is improved. The problems that a detection device drives a screwdriver head to screw a screw into a nut for detection through a motor with a fixed torque, if the tightening resistance is smaller than the torque of the motor, even if flaws or burrs exist on the inner and outer surfaces in contact with the screw and the nut, resistance change during screwing cannot be known and detected, and detection is one-sided are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of screw and nut detection devices, and in particular to a screw and nut inner and outer surface detection device. Background Art

[0002] Screws and nuts are parts that are screwed together for fastening. They are a type of fastener that must be used in all manufacturing machinery. Screws and nuts need to be inspected during the production process to ensure that the screws can be smoothly screwed into the nut. If there are defects or burrs on the inner and outer surfaces where the screws and nuts contact, the screws will not be able to be smoothly screwed into the nut, resulting in a large screwing resistance, which will affect subsequent use.

[0003] However, as for the existing screw and nut inside and outside detection devices, they use a fixed torque motor to drive the screwdriver to screw the screw into the nut for detection. This cannot well reflect the torque change when the screw and nut are screwed together. If the tightening resistance is less than the motor torque, even if there are defects or burrs on the inner and outer surfaces of the screw and nut, the resistance change during screwing cannot be known and detected. The detection is relatively one-sided, the accuracy is not high, and the practicality is poor. Summary of the invention

[0004] The disclosed embodiment relates to a device for detecting the inside and outside of screws and nuts, which comprises a detection component. The detection component can detect the screws and nuts inside the auxiliary positioning block one by one through a rotating disk, and the detection component can accurately reflect the resistance changes of the screws and nuts when they are screwed together during detection. The detection is comprehensive and the data is accurate. At the same time, the initial torque of the detection component during detection can be freely adjusted and used, and it can be adapted to detection of screws and nuts of different specifications and under different detection specifications, and has strong flexibility, adaptability and practicality.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a device for detecting the inside and outside of a screw and a nut, specifically comprising: a mounting assembly, wherein the mounting assembly comprises a mounting platform, a screw conveying device, a control device and a rotating disk, wherein the screw conveying device is arranged on the side of the mounting platform, and the control device is fixedly mounted on the top of the mounting platform, the rotating disk is rotatably connected to the inside of the mounting platform, and the rotating disk is driven by a rotating motor inside the mounting platform; further comprising a detection assembly, wherein the detection assembly consists of a rotating mechanism and a control mechanism, the top of the mounting platform is fixedly mounted on a lifting push rod, and a driving motor is fixedly mounted on the side of the lifting push rod, an auxiliary positioning block is plugged into the inside of the rotating disk, a nut to be tested is plugged into the inside of the auxiliary positioning block, the screw conveying device can convey the screw to be tested to the top of the auxiliary positioning block, and the screw to be tested is located directly above the nut to be tested; The rotating mechanism includes a mounting seat, a follower spindle, a driving spindle, an adaptable transmission disc and a synchronous transmission disc. The mounting seat is fixedly mounted on the side of the lifting push rod, and the follower spindle is rotatably connected to the inside of the mounting seat, the driving spindle is rotatably connected to the inside of the follower spindle, and the adaptable transmission disc is plugged into the inside of the follower spindle, the synchronous transmission disc is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the follower spindle, and a screwdriver head is detachably fixedly mounted on the bottom of the synchronous transmission disc, and the top end of the driving spindle is transmission-connected to the rotating shaft of the driving motor; The control mechanism comprises a pressure seat, a positioning plate and a positioning rod. The pressure seat is inserted into the interior of the follower spindle, the positioning plate is inserted into the bottom of the pressure seat, and the positioning rod is rotatably connected to the top of the positioning plate.

[0006] In at least some embodiments, a transmission rod with a regular polygonal cross section is provided at the bottom of the driving main shaft, and a transmission groove is provided at the top of the transmission plate, and the transmission rod is inserted into the transmission groove.

[0007] In at least some embodiments, a pressure spring is provided on the top of the positioning plate, and two ends of the pressure spring respectively abut against the bottom of the positioning plate and the top of the adaptive transmission plate.

[0008] In at least some embodiments, a torque gear ring is provided on the top of the adaptive transmission plate and the synchronous transmission plate, and the cross-sectional shape of a single tooth of the torque gear ring is triangular. Under the action of the pressure top spring, the torque gear rings of the adaptive transmission plate and the synchronous transmission plate are plugged into each other.

[0009] In at least some embodiments, the driving spindle is provided with a spirally oriented adapting groove on the outside, and the pressure seat is provided with an adapting protrusion on the inside, and the adapting protrusion is plugged into the adapting groove.

[0010] In at least some embodiments, the rod body of the positioning rod is provided with threads on the outside, and the positioning rod is screwed to the inside of the pressure seat through the threads of the rod body.

[0011] In at least some embodiments, a transmission gear is provided on the top of the positioning rod, and the internal rotation of the follower main shaft is connected to the adjustment gear column, and the adjustment gear column and the transmission gear are meshed and transmitted.

[0012] In at least some embodiments, a position sensor is installed on the top of the follower spindle, and the position sensor can monitor the use position of the pressure seat inside the follower spindle.

[0013] In at least some embodiments, the cross-section of the pressure seat is a regular polygon, and a synchronization groove is provided inside the follower spindle. The pressure seat is inserted into the synchronization groove, and the follower spindle can only rotate in one direction inside the mounting seat. The rotation direction of the follower spindle is the rotation direction when the screw to be tested is screwed into the nut to be tested.

[0014] The device for detecting the inside and outside surfaces of screws and nuts provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects.

[0015] The detection component can detect the screws and nuts inside the auxiliary positioning block one by one through the rotating disk, and the detection component can accurately reflect the changes in resistance of the screws and nuts when they are tightened during detection. The detection is comprehensive and the data is accurate. At the same time, the initial torque size of the detection component during detection can be freely adjusted and used, and it can be adapted to the detection of screws and nuts of different specifications and under different detection specifications, thereby improving the flexibility, adaptability and practicality of the device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, the drawings of the embodiment are briefly introduced below.

[0017] The drawings described below are only related to some embodiments of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0018] In the attached picture: Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the detection component of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the auxiliary positioning block of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the detection component of the present invention when it is in the reset state.

[0022] Figure 5 The present invention Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of part A in the middle.

[0023] Figure 6 The present invention Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of part B in the middle.

[0024] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the mounting base after disassembly of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure after the control mechanism of the present invention is disassembled.

[0026] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the driving motor of the present invention when it rotates in the initial detection period.

[0027] Fig.10 The present invention Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of part C in the middle.

[0028] Fig.11 The present invention Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of part D in the middle.

[0029] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the structure inside the detection component during detection of the present invention.

[0030] Fig.13 The present invention Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the internal structure after adjusting the positioning plate in use position.

[0031] Reference numerals list 1. Installation assembly; 101. Installation platform; 102. Screw conveying device; 103. Control device; 104. Rotating disk; 2. Auxiliary positioning block; 3. Rotating mechanism; 301. Mounting seat; 302. Follow-up spindle; 3021. Adjusting gear column; 3022. Synchronous groove; 303. Driving spindle; 3031. Transmission rod; 3032. Adaptation groove; 304. Adaptation transmission plate; 3041. Transmission groove; 305. Synchronous transmission plate; 3051. Torque gear ring; 4. Control mechanism; 401. Pressure seat; 4011. Adaptive protrusion; 402. Positioning plate; 4021. Pressure top spring; 403. Positioning rod; 4031. Transmission gear; 5. Lifting push rod; 6. Driving motor; 7. Screwdriver bits; 8. Position sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiment of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiment of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiment is a part of the embodiment of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the described embodiment of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Please refer to Figures 1 to 13 As shown: Embodiment 1: The present invention provides a device for detecting the inside and outside of screws and nuts, including a mounting assembly 1, wherein the mounting assembly 1 includes a mounting platform 101, a screw conveying device 102, a control device 103 and a rotating disk 104, wherein the screw conveying device 102 is arranged on the side of the mounting platform 101, and the control device 103 is fixedly installed on the top of the mounting platform 101, the rotating disk 104 is rotatably connected to the inside of the mounting platform 101, and the rotating disk 104 is driven by a rotating motor inside the mounting platform 101; it also includes a detection assembly, which consists of a rotating mechanism 3 and a control mechanism 4, the top of the mounting platform 101 is fixedly installed on a lifting push rod 5, and the side of the lifting push rod 5 is fixedly installed with a driving motor 6, the inside of the rotating disk 104 is plugged with an auxiliary positioning block 2, the inside of the auxiliary positioning block 2 is plugged with a nut to be tested, and the screw conveying device 102 can convey the screw to be tested to the auxiliary positioning block 2. The top of the auxiliary positioning block 2, and the screw to be tested is located directly above the nut to be tested; the screw conveying device 102 can convey the screw to the top of the auxiliary positioning block 2 located in the rotating disk 104, and the nut to be tested is inserted and assembled inside the auxiliary positioning block 2, so that when the rotating disk 104 rotates to drive the auxiliary positioning block 2 to move to the bottom of the detection component, the lifting push rod 5 drives the detection component to move downward so that the screwdriver head 7 matches the screw to be tested, and the driving motor 6 can detect the screwing force of the screw to be tested and the nut to be tested through the detection component. The screwing force of the screw to be tested and the nut to be tested can be monitored by the position sensor 8. The control device 103 can analyze the detection data of the position sensor 8 to determine whether the contact inside and outside of the screw to be tested and the nut to be tested are compliant and qualified, that is, the resistance of the screw to be tested and the nut to be tested during screwing is within the standard range, and the detection is fast and convenient, and the use is flexible; The rotating mechanism 3 includes a mounting seat 301, a follower spindle 302, a driving spindle 303, an adaptable transmission disc 304 and a synchronous transmission disc 305. The mounting seat 301 is fixedly mounted on the side of the lifting push rod 5, and the follower spindle 302 is rotatably connected to the inside of the mounting seat 301, the driving spindle 303 is rotatably connected to the inside of the follower spindle 302, and the adaptable transmission disc 304 is plugged into the inside of the follower spindle 302, the synchronous transmission disc 305 is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the follower spindle 302, and a screwdriver head 7 is detachably fixedly mounted on the bottom of the synchronous transmission disc 305, and the top of the driving spindle 303 is transmission-connected to the rotating shaft of the driving motor 6; The control mechanism 4 includes a pressure seat 401 , a positioning plate 402 and a positioning rod 403 . The pressure seat 401 is inserted into the interior of the follower spindle 302 , and the positioning plate 402 is inserted into the bottom of the pressure seat 401 . The positioning rod 403 is rotatably connected to the top of the positioning plate 402 .

[0034] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, a transmission rod 3031 with a regular polygonal cross section is provided at the bottom of the driving spindle 303, and a transmission groove 3041 is provided at the top of the adaptive transmission disk 304, and the transmission rod 3031 is inserted into the transmission groove 3041. In use, after the screwdriver head 7 matches the screw to be tested, the driving motor 6 can detect the screwing force of the screw to be tested and the nut to be tested through the detection component. A pressure top spring 4021 is provided at the top of the positioning disk 402, and the two ends of the pressure top spring 4021 are respectively against the bottom of the positioning disk 402 and the top of the adaptive transmission disk 304, and the tops of the adaptive transmission disk 304 and the synchronous transmission disk 305 are both provided with a torque gear ring 3051. , and the cross-sectional shape of a single gear tooth of the torque gear ring 3051 is a triangle. Under the action of the pressure top spring 4021, the torque gear ring 3051 of the adaptive transmission disk 304 and the synchronous transmission disk 305 are plugged into each other. At the initial stage of rotation of the driving motor 6, there is a certain resistance when the screw to be tested is screwed into the nut to be tested, and the resistance is greater than the force of the pressure top spring 4021. Therefore, at the initial stage of rotation of the driving motor 6, only the driving spindle 303 can be driven to rotate, and the follower spindle 302, the synchronous transmission disk 305 and the screwdriver head 7 will not rotate. When the driving spindle 303 rotates, the transmission rod 3031 at the bottom can drive the adaptive transmission disk 304 to rotate through the transmission groove 3041. Since the resistance when the screw to be tested is screwed into the nut to be tested is greater than the force of the pressure spring 4021, the beveled edges of the gear teeth of the two sets of torque gear rings 3051 can squeeze and avoid each other when the adaptive transmission disk 304 rotates, so that the adaptive transmission disk 304 moves upward to avoid the synchronous transmission disk 305, and the device will not be stuck. The outside of the driving spindle 303 is provided with a spiral adaptation groove 3032, and the inside of the pressure seat 401 is provided with an adaptation protrusion 4011, and the adaptation protrusion 4011 is plugged into the inside of the adaptation groove 3032. In this process, when the driving spindle 303 rotates, the adaptation groove 3032 can drive the pressure seat 401 to move downward through the adaptation protrusion 4011, so that the pressure seat The downward movement of 401 can compress the pressure top spring 4021 through the positioning plate 402 to increase the force of the pressure top spring 4021 on the adaptive transmission plate 304. After the force of the pressure top spring 4021 on the adaptive transmission plate 304 is greater than the resistance of the screw to be tested being screwed into the inside of the nut to be tested, the two sets of torque gear rings 3051 can be stably plugged in for transmission, so that the driving spindle 303 can drive the synchronous transmission plate 305 to rotate through the adaptive transmission plate 304. When the synchronous transmission plate 305 rotates, it can drive the follow-up spindle 302, the control mechanism 4 and the screwdriver head 7 to rotate synchronously, thereby realizing the detection operation of screwing the screw to be tested into the inside of the nut to be tested, and the detection is convenient and fast with a high degree of automation.

[0035] In the disclosed embodiment, a position sensor 8 is installed on the top of the follower spindle 302, and the position sensor 8 can monitor the use position of the pressure seat 401 inside the follower spindle 302. During use, the position sensor 8 can monitor the change in the use position of the pressure seat 401 during the process of the screw to be tested being screwed into the nut to be tested. The position change reflects the change in torque required for the screw to be tested to be screwed into the nut to be tested, and converts the change in torque force into a change in the straight-line distance of the pressure seat 401. The monitoring is convenient and comprehensive, and the data is accurate. After the position sensor 8 sends the monitoring data to the control device 103 for analysis, it can be concluded whether the contact between the inner and outer surfaces of the group of screws to be tested and nuts to be tested is qualified.

[0036] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, a transmission gear 4031 is provided on the top of the positioning rod 403, and the internal rotation of the follower main shaft 302 is connected to the adjusting tooth column 3021, and the gear teeth of the adjusting tooth column 3021 and the transmission gear 4031 are meshed for transmission. In use, the initial torque during detection can be adjusted by adjusting the tooth column 3021 and the control mechanism 4. It can adapt to the detection of screws and nuts of different specifications and different detection specifications. When the adjusting tooth column 3021 is rotated, the adjusting tooth column 3021 can drive the positioning rod 403 to rotate through the transmission gear 4031. The rod body of the positioning rod 403 is provided with a thread on the outside, and the positioning rod 403 is screwed to the inside of the pressure seat 401 through the rod body thread. When the positioning rod 403 rotates, it can drive the positioning plate 402 to move up and down at the bottom of the pressure seat 401 through the rod body thread, thereby changing the initial use position of the positioning plate 402, that is, changing the initial telescopic length of the pressure top spring 4021, that is, changing the initial torque of the detection component during detection, and the adaptability is extremely strong.

[0037] In the disclosed embodiment, the cross-section of the pressure seat 401 is a regular polygon, and a synchronization groove 3022 is provided inside the follower spindle 302, and the pressure seat 401 is inserted into the synchronization groove 3022. This design ensures that the rotation states of the pressure seat 401 and the follower spindle 302 are always the same, and the follower spindle 302 can only rotate in one direction inside the mounting seat 301. The rotation direction of the follower spindle 302 is the rotation direction when the screw to be tested is screwed into the nut to be tested. This design ensures that after a single detection is completed, the reset action of the detection component can be achieved by reversing the shaft of the driving motor 6, so that it can be used for the detection of the screw to be tested and the nut to be tested inside the subsequent auxiliary positioning block 2, and it is extremely flexible.

[0038] Specific usage and function of this embodiment: In the present invention, the initial torque during detection can be adjusted by adjusting the coordinated use of the tooth column 3021 and the control mechanism 4, and can adapt to the detection of screws and nuts of different specifications and under different detection specifications. When the tooth column 3021 is rotated, the tooth column 3021 can drive the positioning rod 403 to rotate through the transmission gear 4031. When the positioning rod 403 rotates, it can drive the positioning plate 402 to move up and down at the bottom of the pressure seat 401 through the rod body thread, thereby changing the initial use position of the positioning plate 402, that is, changing the initial telescopic length of the pressure top spring 4021, that is, changing the initial torque of the detection component during detection. After the adjustment is completed, the detection can be started, and the screw conveying device 10 2 can deliver the screw to the top of the auxiliary positioning block 2 located in the rotating disk 104, and the auxiliary positioning block 2 is inserted and assembled with the nut to be tested, so that when the rotating disk 104 rotates to drive the auxiliary positioning block 2 to move to the bottom of the detection component, the detection component is driven downward by the lifting push rod 5 to make the screwdriver head 7 match the screw to be tested, and the driving motor 6 can detect the screwing force of the screw to be tested and the nut to be tested through the detection component. The screwing force of the screw to be tested and the nut to be tested can be monitored by the position sensor 8. The control device 103 can analyze the detection data of the position sensor 8 to determine whether the contact inner and outer surfaces of the screw to be tested and the nut to be tested are compliant and qualified, that is, the resistance of the screw to be tested and the nut to be tested during screwing is within the standard range, and the screw After the screwdriver bit 7 is matched with the screw to be tested, the driving motor 6 can be used to detect the tightening force of the screw to be tested and the nut to be tested through the detection component. In the initial stage of rotation, the driving motor 6 can only drive the driving spindle 303 to rotate, and the follower spindle 302, the synchronous transmission disk 305 and the screwdriver bit 7 will not rotate. When the driving spindle 303 rotates, the transmission rod 3031 at the bottom can drive the adaptive transmission disk 304 to rotate through the transmission groove 3041. Since the resistance when the screw to be tested is screwed into the nut to be tested is greater than the force of the pressure spring 4021, the two sets of torque gear rings of the adaptive transmission disk 304 rotate. The beveled edges of the gear teeth 3051 can squeeze and avoid each other, so that the adaptive transmission disk 304 moves upward to avoid the synchronous transmission disk 305, and the device will not be stuck. In this process, when the driving main shaft 303 rotates, the adaptive groove 3032 can drive the pressure seat 401 to move downward through the adaptive protrusion 4011, so that the downward movement of the pressure seat 401 can compress the pressure top spring 4021 through the positioning plate 402 to increase the force of the pressure top spring 4021 on the adaptive transmission disk 304. After the force of the pressure top spring 4021 on the adaptive transmission disk 304 is greater than the resistance of the screw to be tested being screwed into the nut to be tested, the two sets of torque gear rings 3051 can be stably plugged in for transmission, so that the driving main shaft 303 can drive the synchronous transmission disk 305 to rotate through the adaptive transmission disk 304.When the synchronous transmission disk 305 rotates, it can drive the follower spindle 302, the control mechanism 4 and the screwdriver head 7 to rotate synchronously, so as to realize the detection operation of screwing the screw to be tested into the inside of the nut to be tested. The detection is convenient and fast. The position sensor 8 can monitor the change of the use position of the pressure seat 401 during the process of screwing the screw to be tested into the nut to be tested. The position change reflects the change of torque required for the screw to be tested to be screwed into the nut to be tested, and the change of torque force is converted into the change of the straight-line distance of the pressure seat 401. The monitoring is convenient and comprehensive, and the data is accurate. After the position sensor 8 sends the monitoring data to the control device 103 for analysis, it can be concluded whether the contact inside and outside of the group of screws to be tested and the nut to be tested is qualified. The follower spindle 302 can only rotate in one direction inside the mounting seat 301, and the rotation direction of the follower spindle 302 is the rotation direction when the screw to be tested is screwed into the nut to be tested. This design When a single test is completed, the reset action of the test component can be achieved by driving the motor 6 to reverse the shaft, so as to detect the screws and nuts to be tested inside the auxiliary positioning block 2 in the subsequent test. The detection principle of the inside and outside of the contact surface of the screws and nuts to be tested is explained here. The maximum qualified torque of the screws and nuts to be tested when they are screwed together is Fa, and the actual maximum torque (i.e., the screwing resistance) of the screws and nuts to be tested when they are screwed together is Fb. That is, the torque of the screws and nuts to be tested when they are screwed together is less than Fa, which means that the screws and nuts to be tested are qualified products. During the test, the control device 103 can monitor the torque change when the screws and nuts to be tested are completely screwed together through the position sensor 8. In this process, if Fb is less than Fa, the screws and nuts to be tested are qualified products. If Fb is greater than Fa, the screws and nuts to be tested are unqualified products.

[0039] In this article, there are a few points to note: 1. The drawings of the embodiments of the present disclosure only involve structures related to the embodiments of the present disclosure, and other structures may refer to general designs.

[0040] 2. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present disclosure and the features therein may be combined with each other to obtain new embodiments.

[0041] The above are only specific embodiments of the present disclosure, but the protection scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present disclosure, which should be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present disclosure should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A device for detecting the inside and outside surfaces of screws and nuts, comprising: An installation component (1), the installation component (1) comprising an installation platform (101), a screw conveying device (102), a control device (103) and a rotating disk (104), the screw conveying device (102) being arranged on the side of the installation platform (101), and the control device (103) being fixedly mounted on the top of the installation platform (101), the rotating disk (104) being rotatably connected to the inside of the installation platform (101), and the rotating disk (104) being driven by a rotating motor inside the installation platform (101); characterized in that , further comprising a detection assembly, the detection assembly comprising a rotating mechanism (3) and a control mechanism (4), the top of the mounting platform (101) being fixedly mounted on a lifting push rod (5), and a driving motor (6) being fixedly mounted on a side of the lifting push rod (5), an auxiliary positioning block (2) being inserted into the interior of the rotating disk (104), a nut to be tested being inserted into the interior of the auxiliary positioning block (2), the screw conveying device (102) being capable of conveying the screw to be tested to the top of the auxiliary positioning block (2), and the screw to be tested being located directly above the nut to be tested; The rotating mechanism (3) comprises a mounting seat (301), a follower spindle (302), a driving spindle (303), an adaptable transmission disc (304) and a synchronous transmission disc (305); the mounting seat (301) is fixedly mounted on a side of the lifting push rod (5), and the follower spindle (302) is rotationally connected to the inside of the mounting seat (301); the driving spindle (303) is rotationally connected to the inside of the follower spindle (302), and the adaptable transmission disc (304) is plugged into the inside of the follower spindle (302); the synchronous transmission disc (305) is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the follower spindle (302), and a screwdriver head (7) is detachably fixedly mounted on the bottom of the synchronous transmission disc (305); and the top end of the driving spindle (303) is transmission-connected to the rotating shaft of the driving motor (6); The control mechanism (4) comprises a pressure seat (401), a positioning plate (402) and a positioning rod (403); the pressure seat (401) is plugged into the interior of the follower spindle (302), the positioning plate (402) is plugged into the bottom of the pressure seat (401), and the positioning rod (403) is rotatably connected to the top of the positioning plate (402).

2. A screw and nut inner and outer surface detection device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A transmission rod (3031) having a regular polygonal cross section is provided at the bottom of the driving main shaft (303), and a transmission groove (3041) is provided at the top of the adaptable transmission disc (304), and the transmission rod (3031) is inserted into the transmission groove (3041).

3. A screw and nut inner and outer surface detection device as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: A pressure spring (4021) is provided on the top of the positioning plate (402), and two ends of the pressure spring (4021) respectively abut against the bottom of the positioning plate (402) and the top of the adaptive transmission plate (304).

4. A screw and nut inner and outer surface detection device as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The tops of the adaptive transmission disc (304) and the synchronous transmission disc (305) are both provided with torque gear rings (3051), and the cross-sectional shape of a single gear tooth of the torque gear ring (3051) is triangular. Under the action of the pressure top spring (4021), the torque gear rings (3051) of the adaptive transmission disc (304) and the synchronous transmission disc (305) are plugged into each other.

5. A screw and nut inner and outer surface detection device as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The outside of the driving main shaft (303) is provided with an adapting groove (3032) with a spiral orientation, and the inside of the pressure seat (401) is provided with an adapting protrusion (4011), and the adapting protrusion (4011) is inserted into the inside of the adapting groove (3032).

6. A screw and nut inner and outer surface detection device as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The rod body of the positioning rod (403) is provided with threads on the outside, and the positioning rod (403) is screwed to the inside of the pressure seat (401) through the rod body threads.

7. A screw and nut inner and outer surface detection device as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: A transmission gear (4031) is provided on the top of the positioning rod (403), and the internal rotation of the follower main shaft (302) is connected to the adjustment tooth column (3021), and the gear teeth of the adjustment tooth column (3021) and the transmission gear (4031) are meshed for transmission.

8. A screw and nut inner and outer surface detection device as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: A position sensor (8) is installed on the top of the follower spindle (302), and the position sensor (8) is capable of monitoring the use position of the pressure seat (401) inside the follower spindle (302).

9. A screw and nut inner and outer surface detection device as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: The cross section of the seat body of the pressure seat (401) is a regular polygon, and a synchronization groove (3022) is provided inside the follower spindle (302). The pressure seat (401) is inserted into the synchronization groove (3022), and the follower spindle (302) can only rotate in one direction inside the mounting seat (301).

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