Clustering analysis method and single-trigger reading method for quantum bit reading track

Abstract

The invention discloses a quantum bit reading track clustering analysis method and a single-trigger reading method, and relates to the technical field of quantum computing, and the method comprises the steps: enabling a quantum bit to be in different quantum states, collecting and reading the emergent signals of a resonant cavity in a preset time period for multiple times, and obtaining a quantum bit reading track; the method comprises the following steps of: acquiring a plurality of emergent signals, respectively establishing corresponding quantum bit reading tracks according to the emergent signals, performing clustering analysis on the quantum bit reading tracks to obtain a plurality of quantum bit template tracks, and enabling one quantum state to correspond to one or more quantum bit template tracks; wherein the abnormal track generated when the emergent signal of the resonant cavity is influenced by the outside is read, so that when the quantum state of the quantum algorithm is measured subsequently, the emergent signal of the resonant cavity can be read even if the emergent signal of the resonant cavity is influenced by the external factors; and a track similar to the reading track of the quantum bit to be identified can be determined from the plurality of quantum bit template tracks, so that the quantum state of the quantum algorithm is determined, and the reading fidelity of the quantum bit is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of quantum computing technology, and in particular to a cluster analysis method and a single-trigger reading method for quantum bit reading trajectories. Background Art

[0002] At present, as the processing scale of traditional chips is getting closer and closer to the quantum limit, the quantum tunneling effect will cause the failure of traditional logic gate operations. Therefore, it is necessary to find new computing solutions to ensure further improvement of computing power. Quantum computing is one of the hot research directions for developing computing power. Unlike classical computing, where a single bit can only be in 0 or 1, a quantum bit can be in the |0> state, the |1> state, or the superposition state of |0> and |1>. In the prior art, the output result of quantum computing is obtained by single-shot readout (SSR). When the SSR method is used to read the calculation result of the quantum algorithm, the quantum algorithm needs to be repeated a large number of times to prepare the same quantum state, and then the quantum state after each operation of the quantum algorithm is measured to obtain a single measurement result. The single measurement result of a single quantum bit is |0> or |1>.

[0003] When measuring the quantum state after each run of the quantum algorithm, a microwave signal corresponding to the quantum bit reading frequency is input into the reading resonant cavity, and the microwave signal output by the reading resonant cavity is obtained. The microwave signal is converted into a signal point in the IQ plane, and the measurement result of the quantum state is determined based on the distribution area of ​​the signal points. However, the distribution areas of different quantum states are difficult to clearly distinguish. Therefore, determining the quantum state through the area where the microwave signal's signal points in the IQ plane are distributed will result in lower reading fidelity of the quantum bit. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present application provides a cluster analysis method and a single-trigger reading method for quantum bit reading trajectories, so as to at least solve the problem of low reading fidelity of quantum bits in related technologies.

[0005] The present application provides a cluster analysis method for quantum bit reading trajectories, comprising: placing quantum bits in different quantum states, collecting emission signals of a reading resonant cavity in a quantum chip within a preset time length for multiple times, and obtaining multiple data sets, wherein one data set includes multiple data points, and each data point corresponds to different moments within the preset time length; establishing quantum bit reading trajectories corresponding to each data set respectively according to the data points in each data set, and each quantum state corresponds to multiple quantum bit reading trajectories; clustering analysis is performed on the quantum bit reading trajectories to obtain multiple cluster clusters and cluster labels of each cluster cluster, wherein the label is used to characterize the quantum state corresponding to the cluster cluster, and each quantum state corresponds to one or more cluster clusters; establishing quantum bit template trajectories corresponding to each cluster cluster respectively according to the quantum bit reading trajectories in each cluster cluster; and determining the quantum state type corresponding to each quantum bit template trajectory according to the cluster labels of each cluster cluster.

[0006] The present application also provides a quantum bit single-trigger reading method, including: inputting a microwave signal to be identified corresponding to the quantum bit reading frequency into a reading resonant cavity to obtain an output signal of the reading resonant cavity; using a data acquisition card to collect the output signal within a preset time length to obtain multiple data points, and the data acquisition card collects the output signal after amplification processing according to a preset sampling frequency; constructing a quantum bit reading trajectory to be identified according to the multiple data points; comparing the quantum bit reading trajectory to be identified with each quantum bit template trajectory to obtain the similarity between the quantum bit reading trajectory to be identified and each quantum bit template trajectory; the quantum bit template trajectory is constructed according to the clustering analysis method of the quantum bit reading trajectory provided in any of the above embodiments; determining the quantum state corresponding to the microwave signal to be identified according to the quantum state type corresponding to the quantum bit template trajectory with the highest similarity to the quantum bit reading trajectory to be identified.

[0007] The present application also provides a cluster analysis device for quantum bit reading trajectories, including: a data acquisition module, which is used to place quantum bits in different quantum states, and repeatedly collect the emission signals of the reading resonant cavity in the quantum chip within a preset time length to obtain multiple data sets, wherein one data set includes multiple data points, and each data point corresponds to different moments within the preset time length; a quantum bit reading trajectory establishment module, which is used to establish quantum bit reading trajectories corresponding to each data set according to the data points in each data set, and each quantum state corresponds to multiple quantum bit reading trajectories; a cluster analysis module, which is used to perform cluster analysis on the quantum bit reading trajectory to obtain multiple cluster clusters and cluster labels of each cluster cluster, and the label is used to characterize the quantum state corresponding to the cluster cluster, and each quantum state corresponds to one or more cluster clusters; a quantum bit template trajectory establishment module, which is used to establish quantum bit template trajectories corresponding to each cluster cluster according to the quantum bit reading trajectory in each cluster cluster; a quantum state type mapping module, which is used to determine the quantum state type corresponding to each quantum bit template trajectory according to the cluster label of each cluster cluster.

[0008] The present application also provides a quantum bit single-trigger reading device, including: a signal acquisition module, used to input the microwave signal to be identified corresponding to the quantum bit reading frequency into the reading resonant cavity to obtain the output signal of the reading resonant cavity; a data point acquisition module, used to use a data acquisition card to acquire the output signal within a preset time length to obtain multiple data points, and the data acquisition card acquires the output signal after amplification processing according to a preset sampling frequency; a module for establishing a quantum bit reading trajectory to be identified, used to construct a quantum bit reading trajectory to be identified according to multiple data points; a trajectory comparison module, used to compare the quantum bit reading trajectory to be identified with each quantum bit template trajectory to obtain the similarity between the quantum bit reading trajectory to be identified and each quantum bit template trajectory; the quantum bit template trajectory is constructed according to the clustering analysis method of the quantum bit reading trajectory provided in any of the above embodiments; a quantum state identification module, used to determine the quantum state corresponding to the microwave signal to be identified according to the quantum state type corresponding to the quantum bit template trajectory with the highest similarity to the quantum bit reading trajectory to be identified.

[0009] The present application also provides an electronic device, comprising: a memory for storing a computer program; a processor for implementing any of the above-mentioned clustering analysis methods for quantum bit reading trajectories, or the steps of the quantum bit single-trigger reading method when executing the computer program.

[0010] The present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements any of the above-mentioned clustering analysis methods for quantum bit reading trajectories, or the steps of the quantum bit single-trigger reading method.

[0011] The present application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of any of the above-mentioned quantum bit reading trajectory clustering analysis methods, or quantum bit single-trigger reading methods.

[0012] Through the present application, when the quantum bit is placed in different quantum states, the emission signal of the reading resonant cavity in the quantum chip within a preset time length is collected to obtain multiple data sets, and corresponding quantum bit reading trajectories are established according to each data set. Since a quantum bit reading trajectory is constructed when the quantum bit is in a certain quantum state, each quantum bit reading trajectory corresponds to a quantum state. After clustering analysis of all quantum bit reading trajectories, one or more cluster clusters can be obtained for each quantum state, so that a variety of different quantum bit template trajectories can be obtained according to the quantum bit reading trajectories in each cluster cluster. Since one quantum state corresponds to a One or more quantum bit template trajectories, which include abnormal trajectories generated when the output signal of the reading resonant cavity is affected by external factors. Therefore, when the quantum state of the quantum algorithm is subsequently measured, even if the output signal of the reading resonant cavity is affected by external factors, a trajectory similar to the reading trajectory of the quantum bit to be identified can be determined from the multiple quantum bit template trajectories, thereby determining the quantum state of the quantum algorithm. The method provided in the present application performs cluster analysis on the quantum bit reading trajectories, and can obtain multiple quantum bit template trajectories corresponding to the quantum bits being placed in different quantum states, which lays the foundation for the subsequent identification of the results of the quantum algorithm and improves the reading fidelity of the quantum bits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0014] Figure 1 The distribution diagram of the read signal points when the quantum bit is in the |1> state and the |0> state; Figure 2 A flow chart of a cluster analysis method for quantum bit reading trajectories provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 This is a typical correct reading trajectory for a |0> state; Figure 4 This is a typical correct reading trajectory for another |0> state; Figure 5 This is a typical correct reading trajectory for a |1> state; Figure 6 This is a typical correct reading trajectory for another |1> state; Figure 7 It is a readout trajectory of a quantum bit in the |1> state affected by the energy relaxation effect; Figure 8 Reading trajectory for another quantum bit in the |1> state that is affected by the energy relaxation effect; Fig. 9 A readout trajectory for a quantum bit in the |0> state affected by thermal excitation effects; Fig.10 Reading trajectory for another quantum bit in the |0> state affected by thermal excitation effect; Fig.11 is a quantum bit template trajectory corresponding to an energy relaxation cluster; Fig.12 is another quantum bit template trajectory corresponding to the energy relaxation cluster; Fig.13 is an example of a quantum bit template trajectory corresponding to a thermal excitation effect cluster; Fig.14 Read fidelity heat maps for qubits corresponding to different numbers of clusters; Fig.15 A flow chart of a quantum bit single-trigger reading method provided in an embodiment of the present application; Fig.16 A schematic diagram of a cluster analysis device for quantum bit reading trajectories provided in an embodiment of the present application; Fig.17 A schematic diagram of a quantum bit single-trigger reading device provided in an embodiment of the present application; Fig.18 A schematic diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0016] It should be noted that, in the description of this application, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. The terms "first", "second", etc. in this application are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence.

[0017] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0018] At present, as the processing scale of traditional chips is getting closer and closer to the quantum limit, the quantum tunneling effect will cause the failure of traditional logic gate operations. Therefore, it is necessary to find new computing solutions to ensure the further improvement of computing power. Quantum computing is one of the hot research directions for developing computing power. Unlike classical computing, where a single bit can only be in 0 or 1, a quantum bit can be in the |0> state, |1> state, or a superposition state of |0> and |1>, where "|>" is the Dirac symbol, representing a quantum state.

[0019] When a qubit is in a superposition state, operations on the qubit are equivalent to operating on the basis vectors that make up the superposition state at the same time, which is also the source of the natural parallelism of quantum computing. The superposition state of a single bit can also be written as a|0>+b|1>, where a and b are complex numbers, where a 2 represents the probability of obtaining |0> when reading the superposition state, b 2 represents the probability of reading the superposition state and obtaining |1>, and both satisfy the normalization condition a 2 +b 2 =1. From the above process, it can be seen that the reading of quantum state meets the statistical law, that is, when obtaining the output result of quantum calculation, it is necessary to repeat the quantum algorithm a large number of times to prepare the same quantum state, and then measure the quantum state after each operation of the quantum algorithm to obtain a single measurement result. The single measurement result of a single quantum bit is |0> or |1>. This method is usually called single-shot readout (SSR).

[0020] Since the transmission signal is affected by the state of the quantum bit when passing through the reading resonant cavity in the quantum chip, that is, when the quantum bit is in state |0> or state |1>, after the microwave signal corresponding to the quantum bit reading frequency is input into the reading resonant cavity, the intensity and phase of the microwave signal emitted from the reading resonant cavity will vary with the state of the quantum bit.

[0021] Based on the above phenomenon, in order to measure the quantum bits of the quantum algorithm, the microwave signal emitted by the reading resonant cavity is amplified and then collected by a data acquisition card. Then, the collected time series signal is transformed into the frequency domain using the fast Fourier transform, and the complex value of the corresponding intermediate frequency signal in the frequency domain is extracted. The real and imaginary parts of the complex value are used as the horizontal and vertical coordinates, respectively, and the following can be drawn. Figure 1 The distribution of read signal points is shown in the figure. Figure 1 It can be concluded that when the quantum bit is in the |1> state and the |0> state, the IQ point distribution can be basically divided into two regions. Figure 1In the figure, the points in the upper half of the IQ plane basically correspond to the IQ points obtained when the quantum bit is in the |1> state, and the points in the lower half of the IQ plane basically correspond to the IQ point distribution obtained when the quantum bit is in the |0> state. It can be seen that the IQ point distribution obtained when the quantum bit is in the |1> state is basically different from the IQ point distribution obtained when the quantum bit is in the |0> state. Therefore, in the related art, when measuring the quantum state after running the quantum algorithm, the same method is used to convert the microwave signal emitted by the resonant cavity into an IQ point, and the quantum state is determined according to the area where the IQ points are distributed.

[0022] However, by the attached Figure 1 It can also be seen that if the IQ point obtained when the quantum bit is in the |1> state is called the first type of IQ point, and the IQ point obtained when the quantum bit is in the |0> state is called the second type of IQ point, there are some first type IQ points doped in the area where a large number of second IQ points are distributed; there are some second type IQ points doped in the area where a large number of first IQ points are distributed, that is to say, the quantum bit reading state analysis implemented by the above scheme cannot completely and correctly distinguish the |1> state and the |0> state, which will obviously lead to a decrease in the quantum bit reading fidelity.

[0023] After analysis, we found that there are two main factors that lead to incorrect distinction of quantum bit states: One is the energy relaxation effect. Under the influence of this effect, the probability of a quantum bit being de-excited from the |1> state to the |0> state increases with time, which corresponds to the attached Figure 1 The first type of IQ point located in the |0> state distribution area is the |1> state that will be mistakenly judged as the |0> state; The second is the thermal excitation effect. Under the influence of this effect, a quantum bit in the |0> state may be thermally excited to the |1> state with a certain probability, which corresponds to the attached Figure 1 The second type of IQ points located in the |1> state distribution area are the |0> states that will be mistakenly judged as |1> states; At the same time, since the time of occurrence of energy relaxation effect and thermal excitation effect cannot be determined, there are some overlapping data points between the main distribution areas of the first type of IQ points and the second type of IQ points. The state of the quantum bits in this area cannot be distinguished, which will also have an adverse effect on the reading fidelity of the quantum bits.

[0024] The embodiment of the present application provides a cluster analysis method for quantum bit reading trajectory, such as Figure 2 As shown, the following steps are included: Step S101, placing the quantum bit in different quantum states, collecting the output signals of the read resonant cavity in the quantum chip within a preset time period multiple times, and obtaining multiple data sets, wherein one data set includes multiple data points, and each data point corresponds to a different moment within the preset time period.

[0025] In an optional embodiment, the quantum state includes a first quantum state and a second quantum state, and the data set includes a plurality of first data sets and a plurality of second data sets, wherein the first data set is collected when the quantum bit is placed in the first quantum state, and the second data set is collected when the quantum bit is placed in the second quantum state. When the quantum bit is placed in the first quantum state, the emission signal of the read resonant cavity in the quantum chip within a preset time length is collected multiple times to obtain a plurality of first data sets, and when the quantum bit is placed in the second quantum state, the emission signal of the read resonant cavity in the quantum chip within a preset time length is collected multiple times to obtain a plurality of second data sets.

[0026] In an optional embodiment, the emission signal is collected according to a preset sampling frequency. Therefore, each time the emission signal is collected within a preset time period, data at multiple different moments within the preset time period will be acquired.

[0027] In an optional embodiment, the quantum state of the quantum bit includes a |0> state and a |1> state.

[0028] Step S102, based on the data points in each data set, respectively establish the quantum bit reading tracks corresponding to each data set, and each quantum state corresponds to a plurality of quantum bit reading tracks.

[0029] Since multiple data sets are collected in each quantum state, each data set can establish a quantum bit reading trajectory, so each quantum state corresponds to multiple quantum bit reading trajectories.

[0030] In an optional embodiment, after converting the data points in the data set to the IQ plane, the points in the IQ plane are connected to obtain the quantum bit reading trajectory corresponding to the data set.

[0031] Step S103, cluster analysis is performed on the quantum bit reading trajectory to obtain multiple clusters and cluster labels of each cluster. The cluster label is used to characterize the quantum state corresponding to the cluster. Each quantum state corresponds to one or more clusters.

[0032] In an optional embodiment, even in one quantum state, there will be certain deviations between the quantum bit reading trajectories constructed from different data sets. Therefore, after clustering the quantum bit reading trajectories to obtain multiple clusters, the same quantum state may correspond to multiple clusters.

[0033] Step S104, establishing quantum bit template trajectories corresponding to each cluster according to the quantum bit reading trajectories in each cluster.

[0034] In an optional embodiment, the quantum bit reading trajectory is established based on the points in the IQ plane corresponding to different times. After the cluster is determined, the mean of the points in the IQ plane at different times in a cluster can be determined based on the quantum bit reading trajectory in the cluster, thereby establishing the quantum bit template trajectory corresponding to the cluster based on the mean of the points in the IQ plane at different times.

[0035] Step S105, determining the quantum state type corresponding to each quantum bit template trajectory according to the cluster label of each cluster cluster, when measuring the quantum state of the quantum algorithm, the quantum bit template trajectory is used to compare with the quantum bit reading trajectory to be identified corresponding to the quantum algorithm result, so as to obtain the quantum state type corresponding to the quantum bit reading trajectory to be identified.

[0036] In an optional embodiment, if the cluster label of the cluster cluster is used to characterize that the cluster cluster corresponds to the first quantum state, then the quantum bit template trajectory obtained by the cluster cluster corresponds to the first quantum state. When the quantum state of the quantum algorithm is measured, if the reading trajectory of the quantum bit to be identified corresponding to the quantum algorithm result has the highest similarity with the quantum bit template trajectory constructed by the cluster cluster, it indicates that the quantum state of the quantum algorithm is the first quantum state.

[0037] Similarly, if the cluster label of the cluster cluster is used to characterize that the cluster cluster corresponds to the second quantum state, then the quantum bit template trajectory obtained by the cluster cluster corresponds to the second quantum state. When measuring the quantum state of the quantum algorithm, if the reading trajectory of the quantum bit to be identified corresponding to the quantum algorithm result has the highest similarity with the quantum bit template trajectory constructed by the cluster cluster, it indicates that the quantum state of the quantum algorithm is the second quantum state.

[0038] According to the embodiment of the present invention, when the quantum bit is placed in different quantum states, the emission signal of the reading resonant cavity in the quantum chip within a preset time length is collected to obtain multiple data sets, and corresponding quantum bit reading trajectories are established according to each data set. Since a quantum bit reading trajectory is constructed when the quantum bit is in a certain quantum state, each quantum bit reading trajectory corresponds to a quantum state. After clustering analysis is performed on all quantum bit reading trajectories, one or more cluster clusters can be obtained for each quantum state, so that a plurality of different quantum bit template trajectories can be obtained according to the quantum bit reading trajectories in each cluster cluster. Since a quantum state corresponds to One or more quantum bit template trajectories, including abnormal trajectories generated when the output signal of the reading resonant cavity is affected by external factors. Therefore, when the quantum state of the quantum algorithm is subsequently measured, even if the output signal of the reading resonant cavity is affected by external factors, a trajectory similar to the quantum bit reading trajectory to be identified can be determined from multiple quantum bit template trajectories, thereby determining the quantum state of the quantum algorithm. The method provided in the present application performs cluster analysis on the quantum bit reading trajectories, and can obtain multiple quantum bit template trajectories corresponding to the quantum bits being placed in different quantum states, which lays the foundation for the subsequent identification of the results of the quantum algorithm and improves the reading fidelity of the quantum bits.

[0039] Due to the influence of the energy relaxation effect, the probability of a quantum bit being de-excited from the |1> state to the |0> state will increase with the increase of time. Due to the thermal excitation effect, a quantum bit in the |0> state may be thermally excited to the |1> state with a certain probability. However, since the time when the energy relaxation effect and the thermal excitation effect occur cannot be determined, the relevant technology cannot distinguish between the data affected by the energy relaxation effect and the thermal excitation effect.

[0040] In the above embodiment, when executing step S101, the collected data set includes a data set affected by the energy relaxation effect and the thermal excitation effect. Therefore, after obtaining the quantum bit reading trajectory based on the data set, the quantum bit template trajectory constructed according to the clustering result includes the quantum bit template trajectory containing the quantum bit reading trajectory affected by the energy relaxation effect and the quantum bit reading trajectory affected by the thermal relaxation effect.

[0041] It can be seen that the embodiments of the present invention can distinguish energy relaxation and thermal excitation phenomena in practical applications, thereby improving the fidelity of quantum bit reading results.

[0042] In an optional embodiment, in the above step S101, the step of placing the quantum bit in different quantum states and collecting the emission signal of the reading resonant cavity in the quantum chip within a preset time length to obtain a data set includes: Step a1, placing the quantum bit in the first quantum state, inputting a microwave signal corresponding to the quantum bit reading frequency into the reading resonant cavity, and obtaining an output signal of the reading resonant cavity.

[0043] Exemplarily, the first quantum state may be a |0> state.

[0044] Step a2, amplifying the output signal to obtain an amplified output signal.

[0045] Step a3, using a data acquisition card to collect the amplified output signal within a preset time period to obtain multiple data points. The data acquisition card collects the amplified output signal according to a preset sampling frequency.

[0046] In an optional embodiment, the number of data points contained in a data set is determined according to the product of a preset sampling frequency and a preset duration. For example, if the sampling frequency of the data acquisition card used is sr and the preset duration for collecting the emission signal is T, the number of data points in a data set is T×sr.

[0047] Step a4: Integrate multiple data points collected within a preset time period to obtain a first data set.

[0048] In an optional embodiment, by performing steps a1 to a4 multiple times, multiple first data sets corresponding to the first quantum state can be obtained.

[0049] In an optional embodiment, in the above step S101, the step of placing the quantum bit in different quantum states and collecting the emission signal of the reading resonant cavity in the quantum chip within a preset time length to obtain a data set includes: Step b1, placing the quantum bit in the second quantum state, inputting a microwave signal corresponding to the quantum bit reading frequency into the reading resonant cavity, and obtaining an output signal of the reading resonant cavity.

[0050] Exemplarily, the first quantum state may be a |1> state.

[0051] Step b2, amplifying the output signal to obtain an amplified output signal.

[0052] Step b3, using a data acquisition card to collect the amplified output signal within a preset time period to obtain multiple data points. The data acquisition card collects the amplified output signal according to a preset sampling frequency.

[0053] Step b4, integrating multiple data points collected within a preset time period to obtain a second data set.

[0054] In an optional embodiment, steps b1 to b4 are performed multiple times, so that multiple second data sets corresponding to the second quantum state can be obtained.

[0055] In an optional embodiment, in the above step S102, the step of establishing a quantum bit reading trajectory corresponding to the data set according to the data points in the data set includes: Step c1, dividing the data points in the data set into multiple groups of time series data according to a preset step size.

[0056] In an optional embodiment, if t is used as the preset step size, multiple sets of time series data are constructed according to the data in the time windows of [0,t], [0,2t], …, [0,T], and the number of time series data is T / t, where T represents the preset duration for each acquisition of the emission signal.

[0057] Step c2, performing fast Fourier transform on each time series data to obtain multiple points in the IQ plane, and a group of time series data corresponds to one point in the IQ plane.

[0058] Step c3, constructing a quantum bit reading trajectory based on points in multiple IQ planes.

[0059] Since different points in the IQ plane are obtained by transforming different time series data, different points in the IQ plane correspond to different moments. By connecting the points in the IQ plane in chronological order, the quantum bit reading trajectory can be obtained.

[0060] In an optional embodiment, in the above step S103, the step of performing cluster analysis on the quantum bit reading trajectory to obtain multiple clusters includes: Step d1, clustering the quantum bit reading trajectory multiple times according to multiple preset cluster numbers, and obtaining clustering results corresponding to each preset cluster number.

[0061] In an optional embodiment, the kmeans clustering method can be used to cluster the quantum bit reading trajectories.

[0062] Step d2, respectively calculate the reading fidelity of each clustering result.

[0063] In an optional embodiment, after the quantum bit reading trajectories are clustered, it cannot be guaranteed that the quantum states corresponding to all quantum bit reading trajectories in a cluster are the same. When there are quantum bit reading trajectories corresponding to different quantum states in one of the clusters, it is determined that there is an error in the clustering result. The reading fidelity is determined based on the error in the clustering result. The larger the error in the clustering result, the smaller the value of the reading fidelity.

[0064] Step d3, determining the cluster according to the clustering result corresponding to the maximum reading assurance degree.

[0065] In an optional embodiment, in the above step S103, the step of performing cluster analysis on the quantum bit reading trajectory to obtain multiple clusters can be implemented by executing the above steps d1 to d3, or by the following method: Step e1, adjust the value of the preset step length to obtain the quantum bit reading trajectory corresponding to each preset step length.

[0066] In the specific implementation process, since the quantum bit reading trajectory is obtained by dividing the data points into multiple time series data according to a preset step size, and performing a fast Fourier transform on each time series data to obtain multiple points in the IQ plane, and then connecting the points in the IQ plane, the preset step size used when dividing the data points is different, and the number of points in the IQ plane used to construct a quantum bit reading trajectory is also different, so the constructed quantum bit reading trajectory is not exactly the same. Therefore, after adjusting the value of the preset step size to obtain different quantum bit reading trajectories, the clustering results are also different.

[0067] Step e2, for each quantum bit reading trajectory corresponding to a preset step size, classify the quantum bit reading trajectory according to multiple preset cluster numbers, and obtain clustering results corresponding to each preset cluster number; calculate the reading fidelity of each clustering result; and determine the clustering result corresponding to the maximum reading guarantee as the alternative clustering result corresponding to the current preset step size.

[0068] In an optional embodiment, for each quantum bit reading trajectory corresponding to a preset step size, the method of steps d1 to d3 above is used to determine the alternative clustering result corresponding to the preset step size. For details, please refer to the specific description in the above embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0069] Step e3: among the candidate clustering results of each preset step length, determine the clustering cluster according to the candidate clustering result with the largest reading fidelity.

[0070] In an optional embodiment, in the above steps d2 and e2, the step of calculating the reading fidelity of the clustering results includes: Step f1, determining the cluster label of each cluster cluster in the clustering result according to the trajectory label of each quantum bit reading trajectory, the trajectory label is used to characterize the quantum state type corresponding to the data set for constructing the quantum bit reading trajectory.

[0071] In an optional implementation, when determining the cluster label of the clustering cluster, the number of quantum bit reading trajectories corresponding to each type of trajectory label is first determined, and then the trajectory label with the largest number is determined as the cluster label.

[0072] Exemplarily, if the trajectory label includes a first quantum state and a second quantum state, and the number of quantum bit reading trajectories with the trajectory label of the first quantum state in the cluster is greater than the number of quantum bit reading trajectories with the trajectory label of the second quantum state, the first quantum state is used as the cluster label of the cluster; otherwise, the second quantum state is used as the cluster label of the cluster.

[0073] Step f2, calculating the error of each cluster according to the cluster label of each cluster and the track label of each quantum bit reading track in the cluster.

[0074] In an optional embodiment, the clustering error is determined based on the number of qubit readout trajectories corresponding to trajectory labels different from the cluster label.

[0075] Exemplarily, if the trajectory label includes two types, the first quantum state and the second quantum state, and the number of quantum bit reading trajectories with the trajectory label of the first quantum state in the cluster is greater than the number of quantum bit reading trajectories with the trajectory label of the second quantum state, the first quantum state is used as the cluster label of the cluster, and the number of quantum bit reading trajectories with the trajectory label of the second quantum state is determined as the error of the cluster. Conversely, the number of quantum bit reading trajectories with the trajectory label of the first quantum state is determined as the error of the cluster.

[0076] Step f3, calculating the reading fidelity of the clustering results according to the errors of each clustering cluster.

[0077] In an optional embodiment, when calculating the read fidelity of the clustering result, the error sum is first determined based on the sum of the errors of each cluster in the clustering result, and then the read fidelity of the clustering result is determined based on the ratio of the error sum to the number of quantum bit read trajectories.

[0078] In an alternative embodiment, by the formula Calculate the read fidelity of the clustering results, where Indicates Clusters, Describes the number of clusters in the clustering results. Indicates the number of qubit read trajectories participating in cluster analysis.

[0079] In the above embodiment, in the process of clustering analysis of the quantum bit reading trajectory, the optimal clustering result is selected by calculating the reading fidelity of different clustering results. After the quantum bit template trajectory is obtained according to the final clustering cluster construction, the quantum bit template trajectory is used to analyze the quantum state type corresponding to the quantum bit reading trajectory to be identified, and the obtained analysis result has a high fidelity.

[0080] The present application provides a specific embodiment, using the method provided in the above embodiment to perform cluster analysis on the quantum bit reading trajectory, specifically including the following steps: Data acquisition steps: S1, put the quantum bit into the |0> state, and use the data acquisition card to collect the output signal of the resonant cavity on the amplified quantum chip at the preset time length T.

[0081] S2, put the quantum bit into the |1> state, and use the data acquisition card to collect the output signal of the resonant cavity on the amplified quantum chip at the preset time length T.

[0082] S3, repeat steps S1 and S2 N times respectively. Assuming that the sampling rate of the data acquisition card used is sr, the number of data points acquired in steps S1 and S2 is N×T×sr respectively. The data mark is expressed as [ ], where s represents the quantum state, with a value of |0> or |1>, i represents the number of times S1 or S2 is repeated, with a value range of [1,2,…,N], and j represents the data point identifier, with a value range of [1,2,…,T×sr].

[0083] Trajectory drawing steps: S4, for the data obtained in S3, fix i and s, select the time series with a certain step size t for the data point j, and then perform fast Fourier transform on the data points corresponding to the time window [0,t] , [0,2t], …, [0,T] to obtain T / t points in the IQ plane, and connect these points to obtain the quantum bit reading trajectory.

[0084] S5, let s = |0>, apply S4 to N identifiers i respectively, and obtain the quantum bit reading trajectory in N |0> states; in an implementation example, let N = 10000, T = 4 microseconds, sr is 1e 9 , taking the time series step size as 10, we can get 10000 reading trajectories of the |0> state, each reading trajectory contains 400 data points [0,10], [0,20]…[0,4000]. Without being affected by other factors, although the multiple reading trajectories corresponding to the same quantum state are not exactly the same, their trends are basically the same. For example, Figure 3 and Figure 4 Two typical correct read traces for the |0> state are provided in .

[0085] S6, let s = |1>, apply S4 to N identifiers i respectively, and obtain the quantum bit reading trajectory in N |1> states; in an implementation example, let N = 10000, T = 4 microseconds, sr is 1e 9 , taking the time series step size as 10, we can get 10000 reading trajectories of the |1> state, each reading trajectory contains 400 data points in [0,10], [0,20]…[0,4000]. For example, Figure 5 and Figure 6 Two typical correct read traces for the |1> state are provided in .

[0086] Using the above trajectory analysis scheme, we can obtain Figure 7 and Figure 8 The qubit readout trace shown, Figure 7 and Figure 8 The qubit readout trajectory shown is built based on the data points corresponding to the |1> state. Figure 7 and Figure 8 The qubit readout trace shown is similar to Figure 5 and Figure 6 The typical correct reading trajectory of the |1> state shown has a large difference, which is caused by the energy relaxation effect. Through the embodiment of the present invention, this quantum bit reading trajectory can be extracted, and when the quantum state of the quantum bit reading trajectory to be identified is subsequently identified, the |1> state affected by the energy relaxation effect can be distinguished.

[0087] Using the above trajectory analysis scheme, we can obtain Fig. 9 and Fig.10 The qubit readout trace shown, Fig. 9 and Fig.10 The qubit readout trajectory shown is built based on the data points corresponding to the |0> state. Fig. 9 and Fig.10 The qubit readout trace shown is similar to Figure 3 and Figure 4 The typical correct reading trajectory of the |0> state shown has a large difference, which is caused by the thermal excitation effect. Through the embodiment of the present invention, this quantum bit reading trajectory can be extracted, and when the quantum state of the quantum bit reading trajectory to be identified is subsequently identified, the |0> state affected by the thermal excitation effect can be distinguished.

[0088] like Figure 1 As shown, if the traditional IQ plane distribution analysis scheme is adopted, the quantum state after energy relaxation will be mistakenly distinguished as the |0> state, and the quantum state after thermal excitation will be mistakenly distinguished as the |1> state; while the analysis scheme of the quantum bit reading trajectory provided by the embodiment of the present invention is adopted, the typical |0> state, |1> state correct trajectory and the typical energy relaxation, thermal excitation trajectory can be clustered separately by using the clustering scheme, then the energy relaxation and thermal excitation effects can be distinguished, thereby realizing the improvement of the quantum bit reading fidelity.

[0089] Cluster analysis steps: S7. After steps S5 and S6, a total of 2N quantum bit reading trajectories can be obtained. Under the preset number of clusters n, the kmeans clustering scheme can be used to perform cluster analysis on all the obtained quantum bit reading trajectories.

[0090] S8, after step S7, the 2N quantum bit reading trajectories can be divided into n clusters. For the kth cluster, the number of |0> states and |1> states is counted, and the state corresponding to the larger value is taken as the label of the cluster, and the smaller value is taken as the error e of the cluster. k .

[0091] S9, after step S8, calculate as the read fidelity classified under this cluster.

[0092] S10, change the number of clusters n in S7, calculate the read fidelity for each number of clusters, and take the number of clusters corresponding to the maximum read fidelity as the optimal solution for cluster analysis. In an implementation example, when the preset number of clusters is 18, the maximum read fidelity can be obtained. At this time, the quantum bit template trajectory corresponding to each cluster is established according to the quantum bit read trajectory in each cluster, wherein the quantum bit template trajectory can clearly identify the quantum bit read trajectory of energy relaxation and thermal excitation effect. Fig.11 and Fig.12 Two examples of qubit template trajectories corresponding to energy relaxation clusters are provided in Fig.13 An example of a qubit template trajectory that can identify clusters of thermally excited effects is provided in .

[0093] If the maximum time sequence length used to draw the quantum bit reading trajectory in S4 is changed at the same time, that is, by adjusting the maximum time window and the number of clusters used for clustering at the same time, the maximum quantum bit reading fidelity can be obtained. In one embodiment, the maximum value of the time window scan can be selected as 3.5 microseconds, the step length of the time window scan can be selected as 0.1 microseconds; the maximum value of the number of clusters can be selected as 40, and the step length of the number of clusters can be selected as 2, so as to draw the quantum bit reading fidelity heat map as shown in the attached figure. Fig.14 As shown, the maximum value of the reading fidelity in the heat map is taken, which corresponds to the optimal data window length and the preset number of clusters.

[0094] The embodiment of the present application provides a quantum bit single trigger reading method, such as Fig.15 As shown, including: Step S201, inputting a microwave signal to be identified corresponding to the quantum bit reading frequency into a reading resonant cavity to obtain an output signal of the reading resonant cavity.

[0095] Step S202: Use a data acquisition card to acquire the output signal within a preset time period to obtain multiple data points. The acquisition method is described in the above embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0096] Step S203, constructing a reading trajectory of the quantum bit to be identified based on multiple data points.

[0097] In an optional embodiment, the process of constructing a reading track of a quantum bit to be identified includes: First, the data points are divided into multiple groups of time series data according to the preset step size.

[0098] Then, each time series data is subjected to a fast Fourier transform to obtain multiple points in the IQ plane, and a set of time series data corresponds to one point in the IQ plane; Finally, the reading trajectory of the quantum bit to be identified is constructed based on the points in multiple IQ planes.

[0099] The process of constructing the quantum bit reading trajectory to be identified is detailed in the process of constructing the quantum bit reading trajectory in the above embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0100] Step S204, compare the quantum bit reading trajectory to be identified with each quantum bit template trajectory to obtain the similarity between the quantum bit reading trajectory to be identified and each quantum bit template trajectory; the quantum bit template trajectory is constructed according to the clustering analysis method of the quantum bit reading trajectory provided in the above embodiment.

[0101] In an optional embodiment, the similarity between the reading trajectory of the quantum bit to be identified and the trajectory of each quantum bit template can be calculated by using cosine similarity, Manhattan distance, etc.

[0102] Step S205 , determining the quantum state corresponding to the microwave signal to be identified according to the quantum state type corresponding to the quantum bit template trajectory having the highest similarity to the quantum bit reading trajectory to be identified.

[0103] The quantum bit single-trigger reading method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, after acquiring the microwave signal to be identified, inputs the microwave signal to be identified into the reading resonant cavity to obtain an output signal, collects the output signal to obtain multiple data points, and constructs a quantum bit reading trajectory to be identified based on the data points, and compares the quantum bit reading trajectory to be identified with each quantum bit template trajectory, and determines the quantum state corresponding to the microwave signal to be identified by the quantum state type corresponding to the quantum bit template trajectory with the highest similarity. Since multiple quantum bit template trajectories are pre-established, the multiple quantum bit template trajectories cover trajectories affected by phenomena such as energy relaxation and thermal excitation under different quantum states. Therefore, by comparing the quantum bit reading trajectory to be identified with each quantum bit template trajectory, the quantum state corresponding to the quantum bit reading trajectory to be identified can be accurately determined.

[0104] Through the description of the above implementation methods, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the method according to the above embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and of course by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method.

[0105] The embodiment of the present application also provides a cluster analysis device for quantum bit reading trajectory, such as Fig.16 As shown, including: The data acquisition module 101 is used to place the quantum bits in different quantum states, and collect the emission signals of the reading resonant cavity in the quantum chip within a preset time period multiple times to obtain multiple data sets. One data set includes multiple data points, and each data point corresponds to a different moment within the preset time period.

[0106] The quantum bit reading trajectory establishment module 102 is used to establish the quantum bit reading trajectory corresponding to each data set according to the data points in each data set, and each quantum state corresponds to multiple quantum bit reading trajectories.

[0107] The cluster analysis module 103 is used to perform cluster analysis on the quantum bit reading trajectory to obtain multiple clusters and cluster labels of each cluster. The cluster label is used to characterize the quantum state corresponding to the cluster. Each quantum state corresponds to one or more clusters.

[0108] The quantum bit template trajectory establishment module 104 is used to establish the quantum bit template trajectory corresponding to each cluster according to the quantum bit reading trajectory in each cluster.

[0109] The quantum state type mapping module 105 is used to determine the quantum state type corresponding to each quantum bit template trajectory according to the cluster label of each cluster cluster.

[0110] In an optional embodiment, the quantum state includes a first quantum state and a second quantum state, and the data set includes multiple first data sets and multiple second data sets, the first data set is collected when the quantum bit is placed in the first quantum state, and the second data set is collected when the quantum bit is placed in the second quantum state.

[0111] In an optional embodiment, the data acquisition module includes: The first signal acquisition submodule is used to place the quantum bit in a first quantum state, input a microwave signal corresponding to the quantum bit reading frequency into the reading resonant cavity, and obtain an output signal of the reading resonant cavity.

[0112] The first signal amplifying submodule is used to amplify the output signal to obtain an amplified output signal.

[0113] The first data point acquisition submodule is used to acquire the amplified output signal using a data acquisition card within a preset time period to obtain multiple data points. The data acquisition card acquires the amplified output signal according to a preset sampling frequency.

[0114] The first data set determination submodule is used to integrate multiple data points collected within a preset time period to obtain a first data set.

[0115] In an optional embodiment, the data acquisition module further includes: The second signal acquisition submodule is used to place the quantum bit in the second quantum state, input a microwave signal corresponding to the quantum bit reading frequency into the reading resonant cavity, and obtain an output signal of the reading resonant cavity.

[0116] The second signal amplifying submodule is used to amplify the output signal to obtain an amplified output signal.

[0117] The second data point acquisition submodule is used to acquire the amplified output signal using a data acquisition card within a preset time period to obtain multiple data points. The data acquisition card acquires the amplified output signal according to a preset sampling frequency.

[0118] The second data set determination submodule is used to integrate multiple data points collected within a preset time period to obtain a second data set.

[0119] In an optional embodiment, the quantum bit reading trajectory establishment module includes: The data point division submodule is used to divide the data points in the data set into multiple groups of time series data according to a preset step size.

[0120] The Fourier transform submodule is used to perform fast Fourier transform on each time series data to obtain multiple points in the IQ plane. A set of time series data corresponds to one point in the IQ plane.

[0121] The quantum bit reading trajectory establishment submodule is used to construct the quantum bit reading trajectory according to points in multiple IQ planes.

[0122] In an optional embodiment, the cluster analysis module specifically includes: The clustering submodule is used to cluster the quantum bit reading trajectory multiple times according to multiple preset cluster numbers, and obtain clustering results corresponding to each preset cluster number.

[0123] The read fidelity calculation submodule is used to calculate the read fidelity of each clustering result separately.

[0124] The first cluster determination submodule is used to determine the cluster according to the clustering result corresponding to the maximum reading assurance degree.

[0125] In an optional embodiment, the cluster analysis module specifically includes: The step size adjustment submodule is used to adjust the value of the preset step size to obtain the quantum bit reading trajectory corresponding to each preset step size.

[0126] The alternative clustering result determination submodule is used to classify the quantum bit reading trajectory corresponding to each preset step size according to multiple preset cluster numbers, and obtain the clustering results corresponding to each preset cluster number; calculate the reading fidelity of each clustering result; and determine the clustering result corresponding to the maximum reading guarantee as the alternative clustering result corresponding to the current preset step size.

[0127] The second cluster determination submodule is used to determine a cluster according to the candidate cluster results with the largest reading fidelity among the candidate cluster results of each preset step length.

[0128] In an optional embodiment, the reading fidelity calculation submodule specifically includes: The cluster label determination unit is used to determine the cluster label of each cluster cluster in the clustering result according to the trajectory label of each quantum bit reading trajectory, and the trajectory label is used to characterize the quantum state type corresponding to the data set for constructing the quantum bit reading trajectory.

[0129] The cluster error calculation unit is used to calculate the error of each cluster according to the cluster label of each cluster and the track label of each quantum bit reading track in the cluster.

[0130] The reading fidelity calculation unit is used to calculate the reading fidelity of the clustering result according to the errors of each clustering cluster.

[0131] In an optional embodiment, the cluster label determination unit specifically includes: A track label quantity determination subunit is used to determine the quantity of quantum bit reading tracks corresponding to various track labels; The cluster label determination subunit is used to determine the trajectory label with the largest number as the cluster label.

[0132] In an optional embodiment, the error of each cluster is calculated based on the cluster label of each cluster and the track label of each quantum bit reading track in the cluster, including: determining the error of the cluster according to the number of quantum bit reading tracks corresponding to the track label different from the cluster label.

[0133] In an optional embodiment, the reading fidelity calculation unit specifically includes: The error calculation subunit is used to determine the error sum according to the sum of the errors of each cluster in the clustering result.

[0134] The read fidelity calculation subunit is used to determine the read fidelity of the clustering result according to the ratio of the error and the number of quantum bit read tracks.

[0135] In an optional embodiment, the qubit template trajectory includes a qubit read trajectory affected by energy relaxation effect.

[0136] In an optional embodiment, the qubit template trajectory includes a qubit read trajectory affected by thermal relaxation effects.

[0137] For the description of the features in the embodiment corresponding to the cluster analysis device for quantum bit reading trajectories, please refer to the relevant description of the embodiment corresponding to the quantum bit single-trigger reading method, which will not be repeated here.

[0138] The embodiment of the present application also provides a quantum bit single trigger reading device, such as Fig.17 As shown, including: The signal acquisition module 201 is used to input the microwave signal to be identified corresponding to the quantum bit reading frequency into the reading resonant cavity to obtain the output signal of the reading resonant cavity.

[0139] The data point acquisition module 202 is used to acquire the output signal using a data acquisition card within a preset time period to obtain a plurality of data points.

[0140] The module 203 for establishing the reading trajectory of the quantum bit to be identified is used to construct the reading trajectory of the quantum bit to be identified according to multiple data points.

[0141] The trajectory comparison module 204 is used to compare the quantum bit reading trajectory to be identified with each quantum bit template trajectory to obtain the similarity between the quantum bit reading trajectory to be identified and each quantum bit template trajectory; the quantum bit template trajectory is constructed according to the clustering analysis method of the quantum bit reading trajectory provided in the above embodiment.

[0142] The quantum state recognition module is used to determine the quantum state corresponding to the microwave signal to be identified based on the quantum state type corresponding to the quantum bit template trajectory with the highest similarity to the quantum bit reading trajectory to be identified.

[0143] In an optional embodiment, the module 203 for establishing the trajectory of the quantum bit to be identified specifically includes: The data point division submodule is used to divide the data points into multiple groups of time series data according to a preset step size.

[0144] The Fourier transform submodule is used to perform fast Fourier transform on each time series data to obtain multiple points in the IQ plane, and a set of time series data corresponds to one point in the IQ plane; The submodule for constructing the reading trajectory of the quantum bit to be identified is used to construct the reading trajectory of the quantum bit to be identified according to points in multiple IQ planes.

[0145] For the description of the features in the embodiment corresponding to the quantum bit single-trigger reading device, please refer to the relevant description of the embodiment corresponding to the quantum bit single-trigger reading method, which will not be repeated here.

[0146] The embodiment of the present application also provides an electronic device, such as Fig.18 As shown, it includes a memory 10 and a processor 20, the memory 10 stores a computer program, and the processor 20 is configured to run the computer program to execute the steps in any of the above-mentioned quantum bit reading trajectory clustering analysis method embodiments, or the steps in the quantum bit single trigger reading method embodiment.

[0147] An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program, wherein the computer program is configured to execute the steps in any of the above-mentioned quantum bit reading trajectory clustering analysis method embodiments, or the steps in the quantum bit single trigger reading method embodiments when running.

[0148] In an exemplary embodiment, the computer-readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to, various media that can store computer programs, such as a USB flash drive, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a mobile hard disk, a magnetic disk or an optical disk.

[0149] An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps in any of the above-mentioned quantum bit reading trajectory clustering analysis method embodiments, or the steps in the quantum bit single trigger reading method embodiment.

[0150] An embodiment of the present application also provides another computer program product, including a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, the non-volatile computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, implementing the steps in any of the above-mentioned quantum bit reading trajectory clustering analysis method embodiments, or the steps in the quantum bit single-trigger reading method embodiments.

[0151] Professionals may further appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of the two. In order to clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the composition and steps of each example have been generally described in the above description according to function. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professionals and technicians may use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of this application.

[0152] The above is a detailed introduction to the cluster analysis method and single-trigger reading method of a quantum bit reading trajectory provided by the present application. This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present application and its core idea. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, without departing from the principles of the present application, several improvements and modifications can be made to the present application, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A cluster analysis method for quantum bit reading trajectories, characterized in that: include: The quantum bits are placed in different quantum states, and the emission signals of the read resonant cavity in the quantum chip are collected multiple times within a preset time length to obtain multiple data sets, where each data set includes multiple data points, and each data point corresponds to a different moment within the preset time length; According to the data points in each data set, the quantum bit reading tracks corresponding to each data set are established respectively, and each quantum state corresponds to multiple quantum bit reading tracks; Performing cluster analysis on the quantum bit reading trajectory to obtain a plurality of clusters and cluster labels of each cluster, wherein the cluster label is used to characterize the quantum state corresponding to the cluster, and each quantum state corresponds to one or more clusters; According to the quantum bit reading trajectory in each cluster, a quantum bit template trajectory corresponding to each cluster is established; The quantum state type corresponding to each quantum bit template trajectory is determined according to the cluster label of each clustering cluster. When the quantum state of the quantum algorithm is measured, the quantum bit template trajectory is used to compare with the quantum bit reading trajectory to be identified corresponding to the quantum algorithm result, so as to obtain the quantum state type corresponding to the quantum bit reading trajectory to be identified.

2. The cluster analysis method of quantum bit reading trajectory according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quantum state includes a first quantum state and a second quantum state, and the data set includes multiple first data sets and multiple second data sets, the first data set is collected when the quantum bit is placed in the first quantum state, and the second data set is collected when the quantum bit is placed in the second quantum state.

3. The cluster analysis method of quantum bit reading trajectory according to claim 2, characterized in that: The steps of placing the quantum bit in different quantum states and collecting the emission signal of the read resonant cavity in the quantum chip within a preset time length to obtain a data set include: Placing the quantum bit in a first quantum state, inputting a microwave signal corresponding to the quantum bit reading frequency into a reading resonant cavity, and obtaining an output signal of the reading resonant cavity; Amplifying the output signal to obtain an amplified output signal; Using a data acquisition card to collect the amplified output signal within the preset time period to obtain a plurality of data points, wherein the data acquisition card collects the amplified output signal at a preset sampling frequency; A plurality of data points collected within a preset time period are integrated to obtain a first data set.

4. The cluster analysis method of quantum bit reading trajectory according to claim 2, characterized in that: The steps of placing the quantum bit in different quantum states and collecting the emission signal of the read resonant cavity in the quantum chip within a preset time length to obtain a data set include: The qubit is placed in a second quantum state, and a microwave signal corresponding to the qubit reading frequency is input into a reading resonant cavity to obtain an output signal of the reading resonant cavity; Amplifying the output signal to obtain an amplified output signal; Using a data acquisition card to collect the amplified output signal within the preset time period to obtain a plurality of data points, wherein the data acquisition card collects the amplified output signal at a preset sampling frequency; A plurality of data points collected within a preset time period are integrated to obtain a second data set.

5. The cluster analysis method of quantum bit reading trajectory according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of establishing a quantum bit reading trajectory corresponding to the data set according to the data points in the data set comprises: Dividing the data points in the data set into multiple groups of time series data according to a preset step size; Perform fast Fourier transform on each time series data to obtain multiple points in the IQ plane, and a set of time series data corresponds to one point in the IQ plane; The qubit readout trajectory is constructed from points within the plurality of IQ planes.

6. The cluster analysis method of quantum bit reading trajectory according to claim 1, characterized in that: Cluster analysis is performed on the quantum bit reading trajectory to obtain multiple clusters, including: Clustering the quantum bit reading trajectory multiple times according to multiple preset cluster numbers to obtain clustering results corresponding to each preset cluster number; The read fidelity of each clustering result was calculated separately; A cluster is determined according to the clustering result corresponding to the maximum reading fidelity.

7. The cluster analysis method of quantum bit reading trajectory according to claim 5, characterized in that: Cluster analysis is performed on the quantum bit reading trajectory to obtain multiple clusters, including: Adjust the value of the preset step length to obtain the quantum bit reading trajectory corresponding to each preset step length; For each quantum bit reading trajectory corresponding to a preset step length, the quantum bit reading trajectory is classified according to a plurality of preset cluster numbers to obtain clustering results corresponding to each preset cluster number; the reading fidelity of each clustering result is calculated respectively; and the clustering result corresponding to the maximum reading fidelity is determined as the candidate clustering result corresponding to the current preset step length; Among the candidate clustering results of each preset step length, a clustering cluster is determined according to the candidate clustering result with the largest reading fidelity.

8. The cluster analysis method of quantum bit reading trajectory according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: The steps to calculate the read fidelity of the clustering results include: Determining a cluster label of each cluster cluster in the clustering result according to the trajectory label of each quantum bit reading trajectory, wherein the trajectory label is used to characterize the quantum state type corresponding to the data set for constructing the quantum bit reading trajectory; Calculate the error of each cluster according to the cluster label of each cluster and the track label of each quantum bit reading track in the cluster; The reading fidelity of the clustering result is calculated based on the error of each cluster.

9. The cluster analysis method of quantum bit reading trajectory according to claim 8, characterized in that: The cluster labels of the clusters are determined according to the track labels of the reading tracks of each quantum bit, including: Determine the number of qubit reading trajectories corresponding to each type of trajectory label; The trajectory label with the largest number is determined as the cluster label.

10. The cluster analysis method of quantum bit reading trajectory according to claim 9, characterized in that: The error of each cluster is calculated according to the cluster label of each cluster and the track label of each quantum bit reading track in the cluster, including: The clustering error is determined according to the number of quantum bit reading trajectories corresponding to trajectory labels different from the cluster label.

11. The cluster analysis method of quantum bit reading trajectory according to claim 10, characterized in that: The reading fidelity of the clustering result is calculated according to the error of each clustering cluster, including: Determine the error sum according to the sum of the errors of each cluster in the clustering result; The reading fidelity of the clustering result is determined according to the ratio of the error to the number of quantum bit reading tracks.

12. The cluster analysis method of quantum bit reading trajectory according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quantum bit template trajectory includes a quantum bit reading trajectory affected by the energy relaxation effect.

13. The cluster analysis method of quantum bit reading trajectory according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quantum bit template trajectory includes a quantum bit reading trajectory affected by the thermal relaxation effect.

14. A quantum bit single-trigger reading method, characterized in that: include: Inputting a microwave signal to be identified corresponding to the quantum bit reading frequency into a reading resonant cavity to obtain an output signal of the reading resonant cavity; Using a data acquisition card to collect the output signal within a preset time period to obtain multiple data points; Constructing a reading trajectory of the quantum bit to be identified according to the multiple data points; Comparing the to-be-identified quantum bit reading trajectory with each quantum bit template trajectory to obtain the similarity between the to-be-identified quantum bit reading trajectory and each quantum bit template trajectory; the quantum bit template trajectory is constructed according to the clustering analysis method of the quantum bit reading trajectory according to any one of claims 1 to 13; The quantum state corresponding to the microwave signal to be identified is determined according to the quantum state type corresponding to the quantum bit template trajectory with the highest similarity to the quantum bit reading trajectory to be identified.

15. The quantum bit single-shot reading method according to claim 14, characterized in that: Constructing a to-be-identified quantum bit reading trajectory according to the plurality of data points, including: Dividing the data points into multiple groups of time series data according to a preset step size; Perform fast Fourier transform on each time series data to obtain multiple points in the IQ plane, and a set of time series data corresponds to one point in the IQ plane; A reading trajectory of the quantum bit to be identified is constructed according to the points in the multiple IQ planes.

16. A cluster analysis device for quantum bit reading trajectory, characterized in that: include: A data acquisition module is used to place the quantum bit in different quantum states, collect the emission signals of the reading resonant cavity in the quantum chip within a preset time period multiple times, and obtain multiple data sets. One data set includes multiple data points, and each data point corresponds to a different moment within the preset time period. A quantum bit reading trajectory establishment module is used to establish quantum bit reading trajectories corresponding to each data set according to the data points in each data set. Each quantum state corresponds to multiple quantum bit reading trajectories. A cluster analysis module, used to perform cluster analysis on the quantum bit reading trajectory to obtain multiple clusters and cluster labels of each cluster, wherein the cluster label is used to characterize the quantum state corresponding to the cluster, and each quantum state corresponds to one or more clusters; A quantum bit template trajectory establishment module is used to establish quantum bit template trajectories corresponding to each cluster according to the quantum bit reading trajectory in each cluster; The quantum state type mapping module is used to determine the quantum state type corresponding to each quantum bit template trajectory according to the cluster label of each cluster cluster.

17. A quantum bit single trigger reading device, characterized in that: include: A signal acquisition module, used to input the microwave signal to be identified corresponding to the quantum bit reading frequency into the reading resonant cavity to obtain the output signal of the reading resonant cavity; A data point acquisition module, used to acquire the output signal using a data acquisition card within a preset time period to obtain a plurality of data points; A module for establishing a reading trajectory of a quantum bit to be identified, used to construct a reading trajectory of a quantum bit to be identified according to the plurality of data points; A trajectory comparison module, used to compare the qubit reading trajectory to be identified with each qubit template trajectory to obtain the similarity between the qubit reading trajectory to be identified and each qubit template trajectory; the qubit template trajectory is constructed according to the cluster analysis method of the qubit reading trajectory according to any one of claims 1 to 13; The quantum state recognition module is used to determine the quantum state corresponding to the microwave signal to be identified according to the quantum state type corresponding to the quantum bit template trajectory with the highest similarity to the quantum bit reading trajectory to be identified.

18. A computer device, characterized in that: include: The computer device stores computer instructions, which are used to enable the computer to execute the clustering analysis method of the quantum bit reading trajectory described in any one of claims 1 to 13, or the quantum bit single-trigger reading method described in claim 14 or 15.

19. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the clustering analysis method of the quantum bit reading trajectory as described in any one of claims 1 to 13, or the steps of the quantum bit single-trigger reading method as described in claim 14 or 15.

20. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the clustering analysis method of the quantum bit reading trajectory as described in any one of claims 1 to 13, or the steps of the quantum bit single-trigger reading method as described in claim 14 or 15.

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