A test device for simulating ice avalanche

Abstract

The present invention discloses a test device for simulating ice avalanches, which belongs to the technical field of glacier collapse simulation tests, and solves the problem of insufficient simulation fidelity in existing glacier collapse test devices. The present invention simulates the entire process and instantaneous dynamic characteristics of ice avalanches or ice-rock avalanches under different natural environment temperatures, slopes and shear stress conditions through an inclination component, a temperature control component and a thrust component, respectively, and combines the fan-shaped characteristics of debris in the accumulation trough to facilitate the study of the dynamic characteristics, temperature distribution, ice-rock interface sliding mechanism and critical triggering conditions of ice avalanches and ice-rock avalanches, and simulates the real collapse mechanism of natural ice or ice-rock bodies under the joint action of shear force, temperature and terrain changes, thereby achieving the effect of improving simulation fidelity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of glacier collapse simulation tests, and in particular to a test device for simulating ice avalanches. Background Art

[0002] Glacier collapse includes ice avalanches and ice-rock avalanches, which are the phenomenon that unstable ice or ice-rock bodies move rapidly downward along steep slopes or cliffs under the influence of multiple factors such as temperature, topography and shear force interaction. Due to the suddenness and fast movement of ice and rock avalanches, and the fact that the disaster sites are mostly located in high-altitude and harsh environmental areas, it is difficult to deeply analyze their occurrence mechanisms and influencing factors through on-site monitoring and remote sensing images. Through indoor model experiments of reasonable proportions, the entire process of ice and rock avalanches can be reproduced, and the dynamic problems when the ice body is unstable, the temperature and displacement changes during the collapse process, etc. can be analyzed, so as to explore their inducing mechanisms and development processes.

[0003] For example, the patent with application number CN202210970199.5 proposes a freeze-thaw cycle temperature-controlled model box for ice and rock avalanche initiation centrifugal experiments. By simulating freeze-thaw cycles and adjustable light sources, it provides the necessary conditions for ice and rock avalanche experiments. The patent with application number CN202211728103.0 designs a multi-level mountain disaster chain simulation test device that can simulate the movement and transformation process of disasters such as mudslides, landslides, ice avalanches, and outburst floods.

[0004] However, existing experimental devices mostly focus on the simulation of a single factor, which makes it difficult to effectively reproduce the actual collapse mechanism of the ice model under the combined effects of force, temperature and terrain changes, resulting in the problem of insufficient simulation realism. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a test device for simulating ice avalanches, which solves the problem of insufficient simulation fidelity in existing glacier collapse test devices.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A test device for simulating ice avalanches is provided, comprising: an integrated frame, a stacking trough is provided on one side of the integrated frame, and the stacking trough is used to receive debris formed after the collapse of an ice body model; an inclination assembly, the inclination assembly is arranged below the integrated frame and is used to change the inclination of the integrated frame; a temperature control assembly, the temperature control assembly comprises a temperature control box fixed on the integrated frame, the temperature control box is used to accommodate and form the ice body model, the temperature control box comprises two side plates, both side plates are detachable and arranged on two end plates, the two end plates are provided with first guide members extending along the height direction thereof, and a compaction cover plate is slidably provided on the first guide member; a thrust assembly, the thrust assembly comprises a hydraulic cylinder fixed on the integrated frame, the hydraulic cylinder is provided with a hydraulic rod which is telescopic along the length direction of the end plate, and the free end of the hydraulic rod is provided with a thrust plate for applying shear force to the ice body model.

[0008] The reversing assembly includes a second guide member extending along the extension and retraction direction of the push plate, a second slider being slidably arranged on the second guide member, and the second slider extending to the upper side of the push plate so as to lift and lower the second slider through the lifting and lowering of the push plate; the second slider is hinged to one end of the connecting rod, and the other end of the connecting rod is hinged to the first slider slidably arranged on the first guide member, and the first slider is fixedly connected to the compaction cover plate through a fixing rod; wherein, the push plate includes a retracted state and an extended state, wherein, in the retracted state, the push plate drives the second slider to move in the retracted state, and the second slider drives the compaction cover plate to compact the ice body model through the connecting rod and the first slider; in the extended state, the push plate applies shear force to the ice body model in the extended state.

[0009] The beneficial effects of this scheme are as follows: by placing crushed ice in layers into a temperature-controlled box, the thrust assembly is used to drive the compaction cover plate to compact the crushed ice in layers to form an ice body model. When simulating the collapse of the ice body model, the thrust of the push plate, the temperature of the temperature-controlled box and the inclination angle of the integrated frame can be controlled to simulate the entire collapse and sliding process and instantaneous dynamic characteristics of ice avalanches or ice-rock avalanches under different natural environment temperatures, slopes and shear stress conditions. Combined with the fan-shaped characteristics of the debris in the accumulation trough, it is convenient to study the dynamic characteristics, temperature distribution, ice-rock interface sliding mechanism and critical triggering conditions of ice and ice-rock avalanches. This scheme simulates the real collapse mechanism of natural ice or ice-rock bodies under the combined action of shear force, temperature and terrain changes. The simulation has high fidelity and can better reflect the inducing mechanism and development process of ice and ice-rock avalanches.

[0010] Considering that natural icebergs are dense ice bodies formed by the gradual compaction and recrystallization of accumulated snow under the action of long-term gravity, they have specific density, porosity and lattice structure. Therefore, it is necessary to simulate this natural compaction process by compacting crushed ice, so that the ice model is close to the real iceberg in density, hardness and structure, and avoid experimental distortion caused by directly using loose crushed ice. The reversing component of this scheme converts the horizontal retraction movement of the push plate into the vertical compaction action of the compaction cover plate, realizing the compaction action. At the same time, by using the push plate that exerts force on the ice model as the active part, it avoids the additional setting of power parts and optimizes the spatial layout.

[0011] Furthermore, the integrated frame is also provided with a U-shaped plate-shaped slide located on one side of the temperature control box. The U-shaped slide structure can guide the debris to slide along a specific path to the accumulation trough to prevent the debris from splashing and interfering with the experimental data collection.

[0012] Furthermore, the accumulation trough is a fan-shaped plate structure, and the inner ring opening of the accumulation trough is close to one side of the temperature control box. A camera for recording the distribution of debris is set outside the accumulation trough. The fan-shaped accumulation trough conforms to the physical law of debris diffusion during glacier collapse, which improves the accuracy of data collection. The camera records the distribution of debris and can quantitatively analyze the collapse range, movement trajectory and energy attenuation law.

[0013] Furthermore, an impact platform is provided in the accumulation tank, and a plurality of piezoelectric sensors for measuring the impact force of debris are provided at the bottom of the impact platform. The impact platform and piezoelectric sensors directly measure the dynamic impact force of debris, providing key mechanical parameters for disaster risk assessment.

[0014] Furthermore, the tilt angle assembly includes a migration frame with one end hinged to the integrated frame, the migration frame is hinged to one end of the first rod, the other end of the first rod is hinged to the second rod, the end of the second rod is hinged to the integrated frame and the middle of the second rod is hinged to one end of the lifting cylinder, and the other end of the lifting cylinder is hinged to the migration frame. The hinged structure of the migration frame, the first rod and the second rod cooperates with the lifting cylinder to achieve stepless adjustment of the tilt angle of the integrated frame.

[0015] Furthermore, the two end plates of the temperature control box are respectively a first end plate and a transparent second end plate. The first end plate, the compacting cover plate and the bottom plate of the temperature control box are all refrigeration plates. A pipeline for the circulation of cold liquid is arranged in a circuitous manner inside each refrigeration plate. The liquid inlet and liquid outlet of each pipeline are connected to the refrigerator. The transparent setting of the second end plate is convenient for observation. The cold liquid in the refrigeration plate can provide a lower temperature for the temperature control box.

[0016] Furthermore, the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet of the pipeline in the first end plate are respectively arranged at the bottom and the top of the first end plate. Considering that the cold liquid will be lost during the transportation process, and for the temperature distribution of the ice body model in the real environment, the cold liquid is transported from the bottom of the first end plate, so that when the ice body model melts to a certain extent during the temperature adjustment process, it can melt from the surface first, which is more in line with the law of nature.

[0017] Furthermore, the outer wall surface of the first end plate is provided with multiple insulation layers, and the thermal conductivity of the multiple insulation layers gradually increases from the bottom to the top of the first end plate. The insulation layers with gradient thermal conductivity form a temperature gradient (strong insulation at the bottom and weak insulation at the top), and the temperature distribution of the ice body model in the real environment.

[0018] Furthermore, the second guide member includes two second guide rods fixed on the integrated frame in opposition, and the two sides of the second slider are respectively slidably arranged on the two second guide rods, and the two second guide rods are sleeved with a reset spring for resetting the second slider. The design of the two second guide rods and the reset spring ensures that the second slider is automatically reset after the push plate is retracted, thereby improving the reliability of the reversing assembly.

[0019] Furthermore, a vibrator is provided on the bottom surface of the bottom plate of the temperature control box. The vibration frequency and intensity of the vibrator are adjustable, which can simulate the disturbance of external vibrations such as earthquakes and glacier movements on the ice body and expand the experimental scene. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is the front view of the test device;

[0021] Figure 2 This is an axonometric view of part of the test device structure;

[0022] Among them: 1. integrated rack; 11. stacking slot; 12. slide slot;

[0023] 2. Inclination assembly; 21. Migration frame; 22. First rod; 23. Second rod; 24. Lifting cylinder;

[0024] 3. Temperature control assembly; 31. Temperature control box; 32. Compacting cover plate; 33. First guide member;

[0025] 4. Thrust assembly; 41. Hydraulic cylinder; 42. Hydraulic rod; 43. Push plate;

[0026] 5. Reversing assembly; 51. Second guide member; 52. Second slider; 53. Connecting rod; 54. First slider; 55. Fixed rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are described below so that those skilled in the art can understand the present invention. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific implementation modes. For those of ordinary skill in the art, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the attached claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

[0028] Existing experimental devices mostly focus on the simulation of a single factor, which makes it difficult to effectively reproduce the real collapse mechanism of ice or ice-rock bodies under the combined action of force, temperature and terrain changes, resulting in insufficient simulation fidelity. In order to solve the above problem, the present application provides a test device for simulating ice avalanches, which simulates the entire collapse and sliding process and instantaneous dynamic characteristics of ice avalanches or ice-rock avalanches under different natural environment temperatures, slopes and shear stress conditions through the inclination component 2, the temperature control component 3 and the thrust component 4, respectively. Combined with the fan-shaped characteristics of the debris in the accumulation trough 11, it is convenient to study the dynamic characteristics, temperature distribution, ice-rock interface sliding mechanism and critical triggering conditions of ice avalanches and ice-rock avalanches, and simulates the real collapse mechanism of natural ice or ice-rock bodies under the combined action of shear force, temperature and terrain changes, thereby achieving the effect of improving the simulation fidelity.

[0029] The specific structure of the test device for simulating ice avalanche provided in this scheme can be referred to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , including an integrated frame 1, a tilt component 2, a temperature control component 3 and a thrust component 4.

[0030] The integrated frame 1 serves as a bearing structure, and a stacking trough 11 with a fan-shaped plate structure is provided on one side. The fan-shaped design of the stacking trough 11 conforms to the physical law of the diffusion of ice avalanche debris. Its inner ring opening faces the temperature control box 31, and a high-speed camera is arranged on the outer edge to record the distribution characteristics and movement speed of the debris, so as to facilitate the quantitative analysis of the collapse range, movement trajectory and energy attenuation law. An impact platform is arranged in the stacking trough 11, and a plurality of piezoelectric sensors for measuring the impact force of the debris are arranged at the bottom of the impact platform. The impact platform and the piezoelectric sensor directly measure the dynamic impact force of the debris, and provide key mechanical parameters for disaster risk assessment. In order to facilitate the storage of the stacking trough 11 and save space, the impact platform can be detachably arranged in the stacking trough 11, and the stacking trough 11 can be arranged in a fan-shaped folding manner.

[0031] The inclination assembly 2 is arranged below the integrated frame 1 and is used to change the inclination of the integrated frame 1. Figure 2The inclination assembly 2 includes a migration frame 21 hinged to the integrated frame 1 at one end, and the migration frame 21 and the bottom of the stacking tank 11 are both provided with universal wheels to facilitate the movement of the entire device. The migration frame 21 is hinged to one end of the first rod 22, and the other end of the first rod 22 is hinged to the second rod 23. The end of the second rod 23 is hinged to the integrated frame 1 and the middle of the second rod 23 is hinged to one end of the lifting cylinder 24, and the other end of the lifting cylinder 24 is hinged to the migration frame 21. The migration frame 21 and the hinged structure of the first rod 22 and the second rod 23 cooperate with the lifting cylinder 24 to achieve stepless adjustment of the inclination angle of the integrated frame 1. In this embodiment, the first rod 22 and the second rod 23 are both two rod structures symmetrically arranged.

[0032] The temperature control assembly 3 includes a temperature control box 31 fixed on the integrated frame 1. The temperature range of the temperature control box 31 is -15°C~0°C, which is used to accommodate and form an ice body model. The temperature control box 31 includes two transparent side panels, and both side panels are detachably arranged on two end plates. The two end plates are provided with a first guide member 33 extending along the height direction thereof, and a compaction cover plate 32 is slidably arranged on the first guide member 33. Specifically, the two end plates of the temperature control box 31 are respectively a first end plate and a transparent second end plate. The transparent arrangement of the second end plate and the two side plates facilitates visual monitoring of the test process. The first end plate, the compaction cover plate 32 and the bottom plate of the temperature control box 31 are all refrigeration plates, and each refrigeration plate is provided with a pipeline for the circulation of cold liquid in a circuitous manner, and the liquid inlet and liquid outlet of each pipeline are connected to the refrigerator.

[0033] The thrust assembly 4 comprises a hydraulic cylinder 41 fixed on the integrated frame 1, on which a hydraulic rod 42 extending and retracting along the length direction of the end plate is arranged, and at the free end of the hydraulic rod 42 a push plate 43 for applying shear force to the ice body model is arranged.

[0034] The reversing assembly 5 includes a second guide member 51 extending along the telescopic direction of the push plate 43, a second slider 52 is slidably arranged on the second guide member 51, and the second slider 52 extends to the upper side of the push plate 43, so as to facilitate the lifting and lowering of the second slider 52 by the lifting and lowering of the push plate 43; the second slider 52 is hinged to one end of the connecting rod 53, and the other end of the connecting rod 53 is hinged to the first slider 54 slidably arranged on the first guide member 33, and the first slider 54 is fixedly connected to the compaction cover plate 32 through a fixing rod 55. Among them, the push plate 43 includes a retracted state and an extended state, wherein in the retracted state, the push plate 43 drives the second slider 52 to move in the retracted state, and the second slider 52 drives the compaction cover plate 32 to compact the ice body model through the connecting rod 53 and the first slider 54; in the extended state, the push plate 43 applies a shear force to the ice body model in the extended state. The push plate 43 can be a telescopic plate, and the contact area with the ice body model can be adjusted according to the test requirements. The push plate 43 may also be provided with contact pieces of different shapes, such as conical or cylindrical shapes, according to test requirements.

[0035] Considering that natural icebergs are dense ice bodies formed by the gradual compaction and recrystallization of accumulated snow under the action of long-term gravity, they have specific density, porosity and lattice structure inside, so it is necessary to simulate this natural compaction process by compacting crushed ice, so that the ice model is close to the real iceberg in density, hardness and structure, and avoid experimental distortion caused by directly using loose crushed ice. The reversing component 5 of this solution converts the horizontal retraction movement of the push plate 43 into the vertical compaction action of the compaction cover plate 32, realizing the compaction action, and by using the push plate 43 that exerts force on the ice model as the active part, it avoids the additional setting of power parts and optimizes the spatial layout.

[0036] In this embodiment, the first guide member 33 and the second guide member 51 can be guide rails or guide rods. Preferably, the first guide member 33 includes four first guide rods respectively arranged on both sides of the two end plates, the two ends of the first slider 54 are respectively slidably arranged on the two first guide rods on the side close to the hydraulic cylinder 41, and the four corners of the compaction cover plate 32 are sleeved on the four first guide rods. The second guide member 51 specifically includes two second guide rods fixed oppositely on the integrated frame 1, the two sides of the second slider 52 are respectively slidably arranged on the two second guide rods, and the two second guide rods are sleeved with reset springs for resetting the second slider 52. The double guide rod and reset spring design ensures that the second slider 52 automatically resets after the push plate 43 is retracted, thereby improving the reliability of the action of the reversing assembly 5.

[0037] In order to facilitate the control of the test device, the hydraulic cylinder 41, the lifting cylinder 24, the camera, and the refrigerator are all electrically connected to a host computer, which can be an industrial computer or a computer. The hydraulic cylinder 41 and the lifting cylinder 24 are both connected to a hydraulic circuit.

[0038] In order to make the ice body model have the temperature distribution in the real environment, for example, the bottom of the glacier is less affected by the ground temperature, and the surface is greatly affected by the air temperature. When the glacier melts, the ice on the top surface melts first. In this embodiment, the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet of the pipeline in the first end plate are respectively arranged at the bottom and the top of the first end plate. The outer wall surface of the first end plate is provided with multiple insulation layers, and the thermal conductivity of the multiple insulation layers gradually increases from the bottom to the top of the first end plate. The insulation layer with gradient thermal conductivity forms a temperature gradient, and the temperature gradient is more consistent with the temperature distribution in the real environment. The liquid inlets of the pipelines in the compaction cover plate 32 and the bottom plate are both arranged in the middle of the compaction cover plate 32 and the bottom plate.

[0039] As a further optimization scheme of this embodiment, a chute 12 in the shape of a U-shaped plate is further provided on the integrated frame 1 and is located on one side of the temperature control box 31. The U-shaped chute 12 structure can guide ice debris to slide along a specific path to the accumulation trough 11, thereby preventing debris splashing and interfering with experimental data collection. At the same time, the chute 12 can be modified and lengthened to perform a debris flow disaster test, thereby simulating a glacier collapse debris flow disaster chain model test.

[0040] As a further optimization scheme of this embodiment, a vibrator electrically connected to the upper machine is provided on the bottom surface of the bottom plate of the temperature control box 31. The vibration frequency and intensity of the vibrator are adjustable, which can simulate the disturbance of the ice body by external vibrations such as earthquakes and glacier movement, and expand the experimental scene.

[0041] In this scheme, a test method for a test device for simulating ice avalanche includes the following steps:

[0042] S1. Start the refrigerator to adjust the internal temperature of the temperature control box 31 to the lowest, open the temperature control box 31 by moving up the compaction cover plate 32, put the crushed ice into the temperature control box 31 in layers, and drive the compaction cover plate 32 to compact the crushed ice in layers through the thrust assembly 4 to complete the accumulation of the ice body model.

[0043] Among them, when simulating ice avalanches, the entire model is made of compacted crushed ice; when simulating ice and rock avalanches, a layer of crushed stone needs to be pre-laid on the bottom of the temperature control box 31, and then the crushed ice is compacted in layers. At the same time, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, displacement sensors and water content sensors that wirelessly communicate with the host computer are buried in the ice body model or the temperature control box 31 to realize water and thermal monitoring of the experiment. In this embodiment, the temperature sensor, pressure sensor, displacement sensor and water content sensor are all miniaturized sensors, and are all provided with a shell. The outer layer of each shell is provided with a Teflon coating. The Teflon coating has extremely low thermal conductivity, and the surface is smooth and the friction coefficient is low. The Teflon coating reduces interference with the ice body model.

[0044] S2, close the temperature control box 31 and adjust the temperature of the refrigerator to the design value, and wait for the ice model to be completely frozen. During this period, pour a proper amount of water on the ice model to facilitate the freezing of the crushed ice.

[0045] S3. After the ice model is completely frozen, start the inclination component 2 and adjust the integrated frame 1 to the designed slope.

[0046] S4, adjusting the refrigeration temperature of the refrigerator to the set value, so that the ice model is heated up within a certain period of time, removing the two side panels of the temperature control box 31, starting the thrust assembly 4 to apply shear stress to the model ice body, and when the ice model collapses, its debris falls into the accumulation groove 11 through the chute 12.

[0047] S5. Based on the destruction process of the ice body model and the fan-shaped characteristics of the debris in the accumulation tank 11, the induction mechanism is explored in combination with the water and thermal monitoring of the sensor.

[0048] Although the specific implementation of the invention is described in detail in conjunction with the drawings, it should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of this patent. Within the scope described in the claims, various modifications and variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative work still fall within the scope of protection of this patent.

Claims

1. A test device for simulating ice avalanche, characterized in that: include: An integrated frame (1), wherein a stacking groove (11) is provided on one side of the integrated frame (1); An inclination component (2), wherein the inclination component (2) is used to change the inclination of the integrated frame (1); A temperature control component (3), the temperature control component (3) comprising a temperature control box (31) fixed on the integrated frame (1) and used to accommodate the ice body model, the temperature control box (31) comprising two side panels, both of which are detachably mounted on two end panels, the two end panels being provided with first guide members (33) extending in their height direction, and a compacting cover plate (32) being slidably mounted on the first guide member (33); A thrust assembly (4), the thrust assembly (4) comprising a hydraulic cylinder (41) fixed on the integrated frame (1), the hydraulic cylinder (41) being provided with a hydraulic rod (42) extending and retracting along the length direction of the end plate, the hydraulic rod (42) being provided with a thrust plate (43); A reversing assembly (5), the reversing assembly (5) comprising a second guide member (51) extending along the extension and retraction direction of the push plate (43), a second slider (52) being slidably arranged on the second guide member (51), the second slider (52) extending to the upper side of the push plate (43) so as to facilitate the lifting and lowering of the second slider (52) by the lifting and lowering of the push plate (43); the second slider (52) being hinged to one end of a connecting rod (53), the other end of the connecting rod (53) being hinged to a first slider (54) slidably arranged on the first guide member (33), the first slider (54) being fixedly connected to the compacting cover plate (32) via a fixing rod (55).

2. The test device for simulating ice avalanche according to claim 1, characterized in that: The integrated frame (1) is also provided with a slide groove (12) located on one side of the temperature control box (31) and in the shape of a U-shaped structural plate.

3. The test device for simulating ice avalanche according to claim 1, characterized in that: The accumulation trough (11) is a fan-shaped plate structure, and the inner ring opening of the accumulation trough (11) is close to one side of the temperature control box (31). A camera for recording the distribution of debris is arranged outside the accumulation trough (11).

4. The test device for simulating ice avalanche according to claim 3, characterized in that: An impact platform is arranged in the accumulation groove (11), and a plurality of piezoelectric sensors for measuring the impact force of the debris are arranged at the bottom of the impact platform.

5. The test device for simulating ice avalanche according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tilt assembly (2) comprises a migration frame (21) having one end hinged to the integrated frame (1); the migration frame (21) is hinged to one end of a first rod (22); the other end of the first rod (22) is hinged to a second rod (23); the end of the second rod (23) is hinged to the integrated frame (1); and the middle of the second rod (23) is hinged to one end of a lifting cylinder (24); the other end of the lifting cylinder (24) is hinged to the migration frame (21).

6. The test device for simulating ice avalanche according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two end plates of the temperature control box (31) are respectively a first end plate and a transparent second end plate; the first end plate, the compacting cover plate (32) and the bottom plate of the temperature control box (31) are all refrigeration plates; a pipeline for circulating cold liquid is arranged in a circuitous manner inside each refrigeration plate; and a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet of each pipeline are connected to a refrigerator.

7. The test device for simulating ice avalanche according to claim 6, characterized in that: The liquid inlet and the liquid outlet of the pipeline in the first end plate are respectively arranged at the bottom and the top of the first end plate.

8. The test device for simulating ice avalanche according to claim 7, characterized in that: The outer wall surface of the first end plate is provided with a plurality of thermal insulation layers, and the thermal conductivity of the plurality of thermal insulation layers gradually increases from the bottom to the top of the first end plate.

9. The test device for simulating ice avalanche according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second guide member (51) comprises two second guide rods fixed opposite to each other on the integrated frame (1), the two sides of the second slider (52) are respectively slidably arranged on the two second guide rods, and the two second guide rods are both sleeved with a return spring for returning the second slider (52).

10. The test device for simulating ice avalanche according to claim 1, characterized in that: A vibrator is provided on the bottom surface of the bottom plate of the temperature control box (31).

Images