Pressure wave device with dual valve device

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for treatment with pressure waves, comprising: a catapult (8) guided along a movement path; an applicator (7) located at one end of the movement path; the invention relates to a pneumatic device for applying a pressure to a projectile (8) in order to move it along a movement path, the projectile (8) being designed to strike an applicator (6) in order to generate a pressure wave, the pneumatic device having a double-valve device (1, 2) and a control device (54) for the double-valve device (1, 2), the invention relates to a device for applying pressure to a catapult (8) in the direction of an applicator (6) during a first switching-on time and for applying pressure to the catapult in the return direction during a second switching-on time, said device being designed to allow switching-on times to overlap.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a device for treating the human or animal body with mechanical pressure waves, which are generated by causing an accelerated projectile to impinge on an applicator. Background Art

[0002] Devices of this type have been known for some time and are increasingly being used. The mechanical pressure waves for treating a (human or animal) patient are introduced by placing an applicator on the patient's body and are generated by the (usually periodically repeated) collision of the accelerated projectile with the applicator. The applicator does not necessarily have to be one-piece, but can also consist of a plurality of different components or materials.

[0003] A technique for accelerating projectiles that has been proven in practice and widely described is pneumatic. Here, a pneumatic overpressure is coupled in by loading the volume on one side of the projectile, which can move along a movement path, for example in a pipe section.

[0004] In the prior art, a switching valve is used for this purpose, which is connected to a pneumatic supply, in particular to a compressor with adjustable output pressure, and whose pulse accelerates the projectile from the end of the movement path remote from the applicator toward the applicator. When the proximal end of the movement path is reached, i.e. when the applicator is struck, the pneumatic loading is switched off.

[0005] In the prior art, the return movement is achieved with the aid of a backpressure chamber, ie a storage volume, wherein the projectile moving towards the applicator displaces the air in front of it to a certain extent, thereby almost filling the storage volume with air.

[0006] In EP 2 181 730 B1, which was previously published but was withdrawn in the defense procedure due to lack of practicality, the pressure limitation in the backpressure chamber is discussed in addition to the unspecified control of the opening time of the switching valve for acceleration. Alternatively, the document mentions the use of a second switching valve to return the projectile to the distal starting position after loading through the first switching valve. Summary of the invention

[0007] The object on which the invention is based is to provide a device of the described type which is improved with regard to the reciprocating movement of the projectile and which has a pneumatic device for moving the projectile.

[0008] To achieve this object, a device is proposed according to claim 1. Preferred embodiments are the subject matter of the dependent claims.

[0009] Correspondingly, the device according to the present invention has a double valve device (i.e., a combination of a first valve and a second valve) as part of its pneumatic device for loading the projectile in two directions (i.e., toward the applicator and, on the contrary, away from the applicator in the return direction). This is usually done multiple times and iteratively in a certain order. Hereinafter, the projectile is pneumatically loaded so that the time phase (i.e., for example, the connection phase of the first valve) during which the projectile moves in the forward direction (Hinrichtung) is referred to as the first connection time (erste Einschaltzeit), and conversely, the time phase during which the projectile is subjected to reverse loading is referred to as the second connection time (zweite Einschaltzeit). According to the present invention, the device (i.e., in particular the control device present therein) should be designed so that the second connection time has already begun while the first connection time is still ongoing, and vice versa. Therefore, there is an overlapping time between the two valve opening times.

[0010] Thus, different advantages can be achieved in individual cases, depending on the requirements and priorities. In principle, the invention provides an additional degree of freedom through the overlap time, which can be used, for example, to control the impact speed of the projectile when it impacts the applicator by changing the overlap time. That is: in this example, if the second valve opening time has already begun during the first valve opening time at a certain point in time before the collision, then in addition to the aerodynamic force accelerating in the forward direction, there is also a reaction force acting on the projectile. In the simplest case, when using approximately the same aerodynamic pressure, this reaction force can be approximately the same and can almost cancel the acceleration. Depending on the size of the portion of the first valve opening time before this point in time, the projectile is accelerated to a greater or lesser speed and, for example, approximately maintains this speed until the collision during the overlap time.

[0011] In the reverse case, the same applies: if the overlap time is generated, for example, because the second valve opening time is not only used to return the projectile to the starting position as completely as possible, but also lasts a little longer, while the first switch-on time has already begun during the second switch-on time, then during the overlap time (in the simplest case) the projectile is not again subjected to any significant forces. Therefore, (possibly during and) after the return movement, the projectile has a phase without aerodynamic positive acceleration, because this acceleration only begins after the end of the overlap time.

[0012] The advantage here is that the impact velocity of the projectile can be controlled more precisely and / or more easily than in conventional comparative cases, in which the impact velocity depends on the opening time of the (single) switching valve and, of course, the effective pressure. Real switching valves have limited opening and closing times and therefore do not open and close instantaneously. This applies in particular to a comparison of closing times and opening times, for example (preferred here) spring-loaded valves, in which the opening process is carried out magnetically and optionally pneumatically with the pressure to be switched, while the closing process is carried out by a spring which is tensioned during the opening process. According to the invention, for structural and aging reasons, there may be deviations between the opening time and the closing time, and the aging behavior between the opening time and the closing time may also be different (the opening time here refers to the opening process).

[0013] In the first case described above, when the overlap time is at the end of the first valve opening time and the beginning of the second valve opening time, the time period relevant for the acceleration of the projectile (i.e. the part of the first valve opening time before the overlap time) is defined by the time difference between the two valve opening processes (first the first valve and then the second valve). In the second case described above, the overlap time is at the end of the second valve opening time. Here, the aerodynamic acceleration of the projectile in the direction of the applicator is only important at the end of the overlap time, so this involves the remaining part of the first valve opening time after the overlap time and therefore also the difference between the two valve closing processes (first the second valve and then the first valve). In both cases, therefore, it is a time difference between valve movements of the same type.

[0014] The inventors have found that in this way, in particular aging-related deviations (ie if, for example, the closing time is more strongly influenced by aging than the opening time) can be significantly reduced, since these influences are at least partially offset by the described difference formation.

[0015] However, in the cited prior art document (although the description is very brief), it is assumed that the two valves mentioned adopt an alternating operation mode, which is matched to the particularly high intensity of the collision of the projectile with the applicator and the pressure wave generated thereby sought in this document.

[0016] Another (alternative or additional) aspect is that on the one hand, relatively high pneumatic pressures are used to achieve a fast return and thus a high operating frequency, and on the other hand, (given such an acceleration pressure during the entire forward movement) high impact velocities corresponding to such high pressures do not necessarily have to be used here. For therapeutic reasons, high intensities are not always desired and often result in a greater burden on the patient due to pain or other irritations.

[0017] To avoid misunderstandings, it should be made clear that the term "valve opening time" used here includes in principle the duration of time and the position relative to a time reference point, in particular relative to a corresponding other valve opening time. Therefore, the term includes the beginning and end of the valve opening time and the interval between them, unless it is explicitly discussed below that only the duration of time or only the starting time point or the ending time point is discussed.

[0018] The combination of two switching valves is mentioned above, which is a possibility of the double valve device provided according to the invention. In this variant, the two valves can be controlled by the control device (preferably independently of each other). However, alternatively, a consistent valve (einheitliches Ventil) (herein referred to as a "combination valve") can also be used, which has at least two switching states according to the control of the control device, namely a first switching state for loading the projectile in the direction of the applicator and a second switching state for loading the projectile in the return direction. Therefore, during the first switching state of the combination valve, a first valve opening time is provided, and in the second switching state, a second valve opening time is correspondingly provided.

[0019] In these two switching states, the pneumatic interface to be loaded in the other switching state is preferably ventilated via a combination valve so that, for example, during forward movement, approximately the ambient pressure is present on the side of the projectile that is close to the applicator, and, unlike the conventional approach of using a backpressure chamber, there is no dynamic pressure (Staudruck) that gradually increases from collision to the next collision.

[0020] However, the combination valve also has a further third switching state in which both pneumatic interfaces are (simultaneously) loaded with pneumatic supply pressure. In the third switching state, an overlap between the first on-time and the second on-time is therefore provided. Therefore, when it is mentioned above that the second on-time starts during the first on-time (or vice versa), this means that the combination valve is switched in a variant of the combination valve. The same applies to the end of the first on-time (or vice versa) while the second on-time is still present, i.e. the end of the overlap time.

[0021] When two separate valves are used, at least one of the two valves is preferably a "two-way valve" which performs ventilation accordingly as long as it is not switched to act on pneumatic pressure. However, other switching states are not excluded and the valve is not necessarily limited to exactly two switching states.

[0022] Furthermore, ventilation refers to a good pneumatic connection to the external atmosphere or to a reference pressure volume substantially corresponding thereto. This therefore does not involve an intentional delay of the outflow of gas under overpressure in the sense of throttling.

[0023] As an alternative to ventilation by a combination valve or the two-way valve just mentioned, the device can also, for example, have a certain pneumatic leakiness and, without loading with pneumatic pressure, the device can throttle the exhaust air almost very slowly by itself in this way or in other ways. However, this solution is less preferred.

[0024] In the first case described above (i.e., the overlap time ends at the end of the first on time), the second on time and therefore the overlap time begins during the forward movement of the projectile. Therefore, there is a final phase of the forward movement, in which pressure is present on both sides of the projectile. This leads to the possibilities already explained in the opening part. However, this feature is not mandatory, because it makes sense to have pressure on both sides even (only) after the impact, i.e., during or at the beginning of the return movement of the projectile. For example, due to the acceleration requirements of the projectile, the supply pressure required for the return movement may be set higher, for example because it is not desirable for the projectile to hit the distal end of the applicator with a force similar to that on the applicator. In this regard, for example, the synchronization (Gleichzeitigkeit) of the first valve opening time and the second valve opening time can have a certain throttling effect (Drosselwirkung) on ​​the return movement at the beginning of the return movement.

[0025] In the second case (i.e., the overlap time ends at the second on time), a portion of the overlap time can be utilized during the return motion to achieve the above-mentioned similar effect. This also applies to such simultaneity at the end of the return motion, i.e., before the next acceleration process.

[0026] In particular, the overlap time may be partially before the projectile strikes the applicator and partially after the projectile strikes the applicator, or partially before the projectile reaches the farthest point from the applicator and partially after that point, as will be described in detail in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0027] Furthermore, in the first case, when the overlap time begins at the beginning of the first switch-on time, the first switch-on time preferably ends during the second switch-on time, so that the second switch-on time generally lasts longer than the first switch-on time. This, of course, applies in particular to the described return of the projectile. However, this feature is not mandatory either. For example, the described counteracting of the acceleration forces due to the simultaneity of the first switch-on time and the second switch-on time (i.e., the loading of the projectile with pneumatic pressure on both sides) can also be achieved completely within the first switch-on time by means of a relatively short second switch-on time. The projectile can then be returned, for example, in a manner known from the prior art. In principle, even a further second switch-on time (which is separate from the second switch-on time during the first switch-on time) can be used for the return operation.

[0028] Similarly, in the second case, in which the overlap time ends at the second on-time, it is also preferred that the second on-time ends during the (next) first on-time, in particular in order to achieve the aforementioned aerodynamic acceleration of the projectile in the direction of the applicator.

[0029] If the overlap time or the portion of the overlap time is preferably given at least during the forward movement (i.e. before the impact), the portion of the first switch-on time before the overlap time or after the overlap time (depending on the case under consideration) is preferably used to control the impact speed. In this case, in a simple case, for example, a limited number of such discrete portions of the first switch-on time, which may differ only slightly, can be provided and adjusted by the control device, in the simplest case only two. This includes the case where in one of the two control states (or generally in a part of these control states) there is an overlap time of zero.

[0030] If, as in the embodiment shown, for example a small number of discrete different overlap times are provided, which are provided by the start of a second (first) on-time which differs from the start of the first (second) on-time (for example, in the case where the end of both on-times is constant), then in the control state in which the second (first) on-time starts earliest (for example, the supply pressure is constant), the actual acceleration time of the projectile is shorter than in other control states in which the second (first) on-time starts later. As a result, the projectile is accelerated to a relatively low speed and, in this respect, requires more time to impact. As the start of the second on-time becomes later (or the end of the second on-time becomes earlier), the projectile speed is thus increased and, at the same time, the impact time is brought forward relative to the start of the projectile movement. Preferably, in the first case (i.e. the overlap time ends at the end of the first on-time), even in the control state in which the projectile speed is greatest (i.e. the second on-time starts latest), the collision of the projectile with the applicator still occurs within the overlap time. For illustration, reference is made to Figure 4a) to Figure 4e) and its description.

[0031] When comparing two control states with different overlap times (including the case where the overlap time is zero), preferably one of the two switch-on times can remain of constant length. In the case where the overlap time ends at the first switch-on time, this preferably relates to the first switch-on time, and in the other case to the second switch-on time accordingly. This therefore means that in these cases the difference in overlap time originates from the different lengths of the respective other valve opening time overlapping therewith or the temporal relationship between the two valve opening times. Preferably, between two control states with different overlap times, the duration of the respective other valve opening time is variable (wherein it can, for example, have the same end time point in all control states or in a part of the control states measured from the beginning of the earlier switch-on time).

[0032] It has already been mentioned in the opening paragraph that a device of the type considered here usually performs a plurality of acceleration, collision and return processes of the projectile. In the prior art, the corresponding repetition frequency of such a periodic operation can be regularly adjusted. It is also preferred here to consider iterative (not necessarily periodic) operation and to design the device accordingly, wherein the corresponding sequence does not necessarily have to start with a movement in the forward direction.

[0033] For example, such a sequence can start the movement of the projectile in the return direction to a distal position relative to the applicator by a first pneumatic pressure pulse to establish a defined initial condition. In principle, it is known in the prior art to use magnets to fix the projectile at the distal end of its movement path. However, the projectile may become loose from such a fixation due to an impact, and of course such a fixation can also be omitted.

[0034] In addition, this description does not necessarily refer to each individual movement process during such a movement sequence. As further described, the operating conditions can also change in a certain sequence, so that for example in a part of the movement process, the described overlap time may not exist at all in the sequence.

[0035] According to a preferred design scheme, the device and especially the control device can be designed so that: under certain control conditions, there is no such overlapping time, but even a (non-zero) "interval time" is retained between the end of the first (or second) connection time and the beginning of the second (or first) connection time.

[0036] For example, the first on-time can end significantly before the projectile hits the applicator, while the second on-time can, for example, start immediately after the impact. Thus, not all of the available time between the start of the movement of the projectile and the impact of the applicator is used for acceleration in the presence of the acceleration pressure, but only for the first part. For example, it is thus also possible to reduce the impact speed of the projectile without having to reduce the pneumatic pressure for acceleration. It is desirable, for example, to temporarily maintain the acceleration pressure at a higher value than the acceleration in the forward direction in order to return as quickly as possible (with the help of the second on-time).

[0037] Furthermore, the interval time can also be completely or partially after the collision. Thus, by delaying the activation of the second switch-on time after the collision, for example, an excessively fast return movement or an excessively high speed at the end of the return movement can also be prevented without reducing the acceleration pressure (for the forward direction). In this context, it should also be taken into account that, due to the law of conservation of impulse, the collision itself already produces a certain acceleration of the projectile in the return direction.

[0038] Of course, it is possible to combine these two aspects, i.e. part of the interval time is before the collision and another part of the interval time is after the collision.

[0039] Of course, there may also be another interval after the second on time (or no such interval after the second on time) after the previously processed interval. For example, the second on time need not extend completely to the farthest position of the projectile.

[0040] Preferably, in at least two control states with different interval times, the length of the first on time is variable, for example within a fixed ratio (including zero) of the interval time after the collision. Of course, the length of the second on time is also variable, but for example in the above case where the interval time ratio after the collision is fixed, the second on time can also be constant, more precisely, preferably its duration and / or start and end points are fixed relative to a reference point.

[0041] In the simplest case, the pneumatic device can have an interface for supply from a pneumatic pipeline network (e.g. in a hospital) or a compressed gas container. However, a pneumatic compressor is preferred, so that the device according to the invention is location-independent and more mobile than a compressed gas container. Pneumatic compressors themselves are known in combination with such devices. However, the present invention provides a special aspect, namely that in different control states with different projectile impact speeds, the supply pressure does not necessarily have to be changed. In other words, the compressor can be operated at the same speed in such different control states.

[0042] Of course, the control of the compressor can be simplified as a result, in particular if the compressor is always operated at the same speed in principle when switched on. In addition, the compressor can be operated at an efficiency close to or at its maximum efficiency (with respect to the speed). Furthermore, noise reduction measures, such as vibration-damping mountings or noise-damping sheathing of the compressor, can be adapted to the vibration behavior of the compressor at the same speed.

[0043] A particular design possibility of the invention is based on the fact that the impact physics between the projectile and the applicator, more precisely the impact velocity and the impulse during the impact, can be directly and quickly influenced simply by changing the valve opening time or the valve opening duration. Compared to changing the supply pressure, this type of influence is particularly rapid, so that in iterative operating conditions, the impact velocity / impulse of the combined reciprocating movement can in principle be changed from one impact process to the next. The prior art does not allow such a rapid and flexible influence.

[0044] Here, but also under not too fast or changing conditions, typical impact velocities are between 2 m / s and 30 m / s. For impact physics, the impact impulse is particularly important, so that, with typical projectile masses between 1 g and 10 g, preferably between 2 g and 5 g, this impact impulse can be in the range of 2 gm / s to 300 gm / s. A range between 10 gm / s and 150 gm / s is preferred.

[0045] In a particular embodiment, the device has a measuring device with which the passage of the projectile at a position in its path of movement can be measured. The measuring device can be connected to the control device. Thus, in such a manner, for example, the passage of the projectile can be detected just before or approximately at the time of impact with the applicator, so that the switch-on time can be correspondingly coordinated (especially with respect to its start and its end) with the end time of the impact.

[0046] Such detection can be performed optically, for example by means of a light barrier or the like, but preferably inductively using a measuring coil. The detection can detect the projectile by its residual magnetism or purely inductively (by a change in the leakage inductance). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments, wherein individual features may also be essential to the invention in other combinations within the scope of the claims.

[0048] The accompanying drawings show:

[0049] Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a device according to the invention, wherein the middle housing part is omitted for the sake of clarity;

[0050] Figure 2 Show Figure 1 A longitudinal section of the device shown, relative to Figure 1 The right-left swap position;

[0051] Figure 3 A schematic illustration of a handpiece with associated basic equipment is shown;

[0052] FIG. 4 shows a series of schematic time curves for explaining the functional mode. Figure 4a) to Figure 4e) ;

[0053] Figure 5 Shown for illustration Figure 1 and Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a combination valve according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] FIG6 shows a series of schematic time variation curves Figure 6a) to Figure 6f) , used to explain other control states to supplement Figure 4;

[0055] Figure 7 Another schematic variation diagram for explaining the periodic working mode is shown;

[0056] FIG. 8 shows a series of schematic time curve diagrams for further illustrating the functional mode. Figure 8a) to Figure 8c) ;

[0057] Fig. 9 A repeating sequence of two different projectile velocity levels is shown in direct order, with one high velocity pulse followed by two low velocity pulses;

[0058] Fig.10 Shown for use according to Fig. 9 The sequence of two different projectile velocity levels shown is used to manipulate the control sequence of valves V1 and V2;

[0059] Fig.11 Show Fig.10 Higher temporal detail of the first 300ms of the control sequence;

[0060] Fig.12 shows the relationship between the portion of the first valve opening time before the overlap time on the horizontal axis and the projectile impact velocity on the vertical axis, as determined by actual measurement, with specific reference to the diagram in FIG. 13 ; and

[0061] FIG. 13 shows a series of time variation curves. Fig.13a )to Fig.13d ), for reference Fig.12 The actual valve opening times and the corresponding overlap times between them are illustrated at the individual measuring points in the flowmeter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] Figure 1 The handpiece of the device according to the invention is shown in a three-dimensional view, which has pneumatic valves facing left and front, namely a first valve 1 and a second valve 2. On the right side, the pneumatic supply connection 3 can be seen, and on the left side, two threaded rings 4 and 5 are shown, each with grooves on the outside for easier handling, which are used to hold an applicator 6 to be explained in detail below. The applicator is Figure 1 The patient-facing surface can be seen on the far left. Figure 2 It can also be constructed in multiple pieces.

[0063] exist Figure 1 In the middle region of the device a plurality of transversely extending tubes are shown, of which the middle portion with reference numeral 7 contains and guides the Figure 2In front of it, two parallel pneumatic connection lines 9 and 10 can be seen between the two valves 1 and 2, wherein the line 9 is used to convey the pressure load to the second valve 2, and the line 10 is used to exhaust the second valve 2 through the outlet provided at the first valve 1. In this embodiment, a plurality of pipe housing covers 11 are surrounded, which are covered at the Figure 1 This is shown in FIG by a line below the duct 10 and two lines above the projectile guide 7. Figure 1 In the embodiment, the housing cover 11 extends in the rear region and includes only a part of the outer circumference. The housing cover is designed to facilitate gripping at its respective axial edges by being rolled inwards in a manner similar to a bead, which is Figure 1 The housing cover 11 can thus be used as a handle during actual operation. The spacer 13 stabilizes the structure and mechanically connects the two ends of the handpiece.

[0064] Flexible compressed air supply line from the pneumatic compressor to the equipment (see Figure 3 51 in the figure) is not drawn here and should be connected to the already mentioned interface 3. Similarly, the electronic control lines ( Figure 3 52), the electronic control circuit can be implemented in a consistent manner with the compressed air supply circuit.

[0065] Figure 2 A longitudinal section is shown along an imaginary central longitudinal axis of the aforementioned cylindrical shape of the entire device, which central longitudinal axis is simultaneously the central longitudinal axis of the projectile guide tube 7. Dimensional information: In this embodiment, the length of the projectile guide tube 7 is 145.5 mm. Figure 2 The remaining figures in the drawings are drawn to scale. In the projectile guide tube, the projectile 8 is Figure 2 The right side is drawn and thus bears against the applicator 6, which is held in a manner known per se by the described threaded rings 4 and 5. Here, the applicator 6 is elastically supported in the axial direction by a bellows-shaped elastomer ring 14 and is pneumatically sealed by another elastomer ring 12. Alternatively, a device design with respect to the applicator 6 and its holding and sealing according to, for example, EP 2 529 679 (also irrelevant to the cover shown there) or EP 2 095 843 (also irrelevant to the material ceramic discussed there) is also possible and preferred.

[0066] Figure 2On the left side, an internal channel 21 is shown, which connects the pneumatic interface 3 to the first valve 1. The first valve 1 can thus switch the supply pressure at the pneumatic interface 3 to a radial channel 22, which opens below the damping element 23 and is thus connected to the inner volume of the projectile guide tube 7, depending on the control. The projectile is thus loaded or accelerated via the channel 22 during the first switch-on time in the direction of the applicator 6. Independently of this, the pneumatic supply pressure is transmitted to the second valve 2 via the channel 24 and the tube 10.

[0067] In the alternative second switching position, the channel 22 and therefore also the projectile guide 7 at the distal end ( Figure 2 The inner volume between the left side) and the projectile 8 is ventilated.

[0068] In the case of the second valve 2, which is in principle designed in a mirror-symmetrical manner to the first valve 1, the pneumatic supply pressure applied to the tube 10 can alternatively be transmitted radially upwards via the channel 25 to the volume surrounding the projectile guide tube 7 (at Figure 2 6, which can be identified as slits above and below the tube 7), which volume is directed from the interface of the channel 25 to the right, i.e. in the direction of the applicator 6, and there connects to the internal volume of the projectile guide tube 7 between the applicator 6 and the end of the projectile guide tube 7 close to the applicator (not taking into account the internal volume of the projectile guide tube 7). Figure 2 8). Thus, via channel 25, the pneumatic supply pressure can be applied in a switchable manner to the inner volume of the projectile conduit 7 between the applicator 6 and the projectile 8. Here, however, in this example, due to the smaller effective opening cross-sectional area, the pneumatic connection is slightly inferior to the pneumatic connection on the opposite side of the projectile conduit 7, so that the delay can be perceived earlier or more clearly in the case of greater air flow speeds (greater frequency, greater pressure).

[0069] Alternatively, in another switching position, the second valve 2 can close the interface of the inner volume of the tube 10 with the second valve and ventilate the channel 25 and therefore the inner volume of the projectile guide tube 7 on the right side of the projectile 8, i.e., connected to the external atmosphere via a good pneumatic conduction connection.

[0070] The two valves 1 and 2 can thus act on the projectiles with pneumatic pressure from both sides, namely independently of one another and thus simultaneously or alternately, or can serve to ventilate the interior of the projectile guide tube 7 on both sides.

[0071] Figure 2The reference numeral 30 in the figure denotes an annular permanent magnet, which is located at the distal end of the movement path of the projectile 8 (corresponding to the length of the projectile guide tube 7) relative to the applicator 6. With the magnet 30, the projectile 8 made of ferromagnetic material can be easily fixed at the distal end of the movement path. By applying pressure on one side by means of the valve 2, the projectile can also be returned to this position and optionally and additionally maintained there, especially at the beginning of operation or in the case of non-ferromagnetic. In this regard, the permanent magnet 30 can also be optionally omitted, provided in particular that: even in the case of a low impact speed of the projectile 8, the reflection that will be explained in the further process should be achieved there at this distal end of the movement path.

[0072] 31 indicates the position at which the corresponding position of the projectile 8 through the movement path can be detected with the measuring coil, wherein this position is relatively close to the applicator 6. In the simplest case, the slight residual magnetism of the projectile 8 is used here, but it is of course also possible to detect and analyze the inductance change of the coil 31 by AC technology. In the test structure, the collision of the projectile 8 with the applicator 6 can be determined by using a microphone or a motion sensor. In addition, in the test structure, the collision speed of the projectile 8 is determined, for example, using two light barriers positioned slightly in front of the applicator 6.

[0073] Figure 3 shows a block diagram, in which the upper right shows Figure 1 and Figure 2 The device is shown and is generally indicated by the reference numeral 40. The device 40 is a mobile handpiece to be held in the hand, as is known in the prior art of the relevant devices. The device is connected via two lines 51 and 52 to a base station 50, which contains a pneumatic compressor 53 and a controller 54. The compressor 53 is connected to the handpiece 40 via the line 51 (i.e. a pneumatic flexible hose), and the controller 54 is connected via an electric line 52 (optionally integrated with the line 51), via which the controller can access the above-mentioned two valves 1 and 2 and supply them with power. In addition, in particular if a controller or a part of a controller is additionally provided on the handpiece 40, communication with the handpiece 40 can be carried out via the line 52.

[0074] The controller 54 also controls the compressor 53 with regard to its rotational speed and, of course, switching it on and off, and the controller itself, like the compressor 53, is powered by a power supply 55. However, a pressure controller or a regulating valve that influences the rotational speed can also be integrated in the compressor 53. The controller 54 is also connected to a display 56, which can be installed in the basic device 50 or implemented separately therefrom. The basic device 50 is operated by means of the touch-sensitive display 56 and / or by means of a button arrangement that is not shown here.

[0075] Thus, the user can control the functions of the device 40 by means of such buttons and at least by means of the display 56, wherein the controller 54 in particular predetermines the opening and closing times and thus also the opening duration of the two valves 1 and 2. Subtasks of the controller 54 can also be integrated in the handpiece 40, in particular in relation to the actuation of the valves 1 and 2.

[0076] For a basic understanding of the control of the two valves, reference may be made to the prior patent EP 2 213 273 B1. The embodiments in this patent correspond essentially to the above explanations, especially with regard to the dimensions of the projectile guide tube and the projectile, and Figure 1 , Figure 2 , but without the presence of the second valve 2 and the omission of the backpressure chamber. Furthermore, in the cited exemplary embodiment, the starting point was a specific valve opening time of the only valve there at a specific pressure, whereas in the present case, the acceleration of the projectile is carried out variably also outside the overlap time and therefore also at a constant pressure by the ratio of the first valve opening time. For the following explanation, a pressure of 4 bar can be used as an example. This results in the following exemplary table of values:

[0077] Numerical table

[0078] Projectile speed [m / s] 10 12 14 16 18 Opening time of valve 1 [ms] 0 0 0 0 0 Closing time of valve 1 [ms] 13.0 13.0 13.0 13.0 13.0 Valve 2 opening time [ms] 2.6 3.0 3.7 5.0 7.1 Closing time of valve 2 [ms] 18 18 18 18 18 Switching time of valve 2 [ms] 15.4 15.0 14.3 13.0 10.9 Overlap time [ms] 10.4 10.0 9.3 8.0 5.9

[0079] FIG. 4 shows a series of five individual schematic time curves corresponding to the above table. Figure 4a) to Figure 4e) , wherein the curve denoted by T1 represents the opening and closing process of the first valve 1, and the curve denoted by T2 similarly represents the opening and closing process of the second valve T2. Therefore, the rising curve parts each correspond to the first on-time / the second on-time.

[0080] By comparison, it can be seen that in all five control states, the first on-time starts at 0 ms and ends at 13 ms on the horizontal (arbitrary) time axis. In contrast, the second on-time starts at 13 ms. Figure 4a ) starts at about 2.6ms and gradually moves to Figure 4e ), while in all five diagrams the second on time ends at 18 ms. Correspondingly, there is an overlap time in all control states, i.e. Figure 4a ) from about 3ms to 13ms until Figure 4e ) from about 7 ms to 13 ms, wherein the overlap time is gradually reduced, i.e. corresponding to the beginning of the gradual delay of the second switch-on time. In this regard, in all five control states, the pneumatic loading of the second valve 2 is also active in the return of the projectile 8.

[0081] In the case shown in FIG. 4 , the impact speeds of the projectile 8 on the applicator 6 (in the order of a) to e) are realized as 10 m / s, 12 m / s, 14 m / s, 16 m / s and 18 m / s. This corresponds to an impulse (Impulsen) from 30 gm / s to 54 gm / s when the mass of the projectile is 3 g. The opening time of valve 1 is constant at 13.0 ms. In addition, the closing time point of the second valve is kept constant at 18 ms.

[0082] To be exact, Figure 4a) to Figure 4e) The electrical control times of the two valves 1 and 2, i.e. the output signals of the controller 54, are shown. Valve 1 and valve 2 are spring-assisted solenoid valves, which open purely magnetically and close by the force of the springs which are tensioned therein when the magnets are no longer loaded. Correspondingly, the movement of the valve bodies is slightly delayed compared to the control signals shown, to be precise an estimated 4 ms in the case of opening and 2 ms in the case of closing. Therefore, the overlap time is actually shorter than shown by about 2 ms.

[0083] The situation is essentially similar for so-called pilot valves which have pneumatic assistance during opening.

[0084] exist Figure 4a ) (Of course Figure 2 The projectile movement at the left end of the movement path in FIG. 1 is 0 ms when the movement starts), the collision with the applicator occurs after the overlap time and also after the end of the second switch-on time, i.e. at about 18 ms to 20 ms, wherein the collision time points in the subsequent figures are always further shifted to the left and from Figure 4c ) begins within the second switch-on time. The projectile velocity measured (optically in the test configuration) is Figure 4a ) of 10m / s and Figure 4e ) is between 18m / s, so the ratio is 1:1.8.

[0085] Here, it can be easily assumed that before the second on time, the projectile accelerates linearly with respect to time and then continues to move approximately at the speed reached (neglecting aerodynamic flow effects and projectile friction); in reality, the increase in projectile speed with respect to time may be slightly less than linear and may decrease slightly due to friction in a nearly forceless state during the overlap time. After the overlap time, in all individual illustrations, the projectile 8 will still be decelerated by the aerodynamic loading of the second valve, wherein in Figure 4a )and Figure 4b ), after the second on-time has expired, the projectile continues to move for a short distance again in the manner described above, almost without force, until a collision occurs.

[0086] Especially in Figure 4a), it is worth noting that the remainder of the second on-time after the overlap time is significantly longer than the (initial) remainder of the first on-time before the overlap time. This may be surprising, since the supply pressures to both valves are identical and, according to the actual values ​​in the above value table, Figure 4a ) still occurs at 10m / s. One reason may be that, according to Figure 2 The efficiency of the pneumatic connection of the second valve 2 in the right end region of the projectile guide tube 7 to the interior of the tube 7 is significantly lower than the efficiency of the pneumatic connection of the first valve 1 at the left end. The reason is: Figure 2 As shown, at the right end, the projectile 8 is prevented from flying out to the right by a cross-sectional constriction (catching device). This is for safety reasons in order to prevent the device from being accidentally started without an applicator installed. In this regard, when the second valve 2 is opened, the filling speed of the corresponding pipeline end is significantly slower, and therefore from a dynamic point of view, there is a large delay between the valve switching operation and the actual force generated by the pneumatic loading of the second valve.

[0087] In addition, the accompanying drawings show that only Figure 4d )and Figure 4e ), one of the second on-times is located after the partial collision. This does not cause any further disturbances, since from the perspective of momentum conservation, in the sense of the impact between the usually smaller-mass projectile and the more massive applicator, the projectile is rebounded by the collision itself. In this respect, Figure 4d )and Figure 4e ), the remainder of the second switch-on time after the first switch-on time has expired only additionally ensures a return movement to the starting position.

[0088] Of course, the control time can be adjusted so that the overlap time ends approximately at the collision time. Figure 2 The collision time can be determined in time by means of the scheme already described in the previous section of the measuring coil 31 near the applicator 6. If the collision time needs to be relatively precisely at the end of the overlap time (or at another fixed point), the control time scheme becomes slightly more complicated, because the first switch-on time must end differently earlier (from Figure 4a) to Figure 4e) Earlier and earlier). Of course, this can increase the speed of the projectile movement, in particular the speed of the return movement. At higher projectile speeds, it may also be interesting to terminate the second switch-on time differently earlier as the projectile speed increases in order to achieve an even larger repetition frequency range.

[0089] Of course, in another embodiment with a “combination valve”, a completely similar behavior can be produced as shown in diagrams a) to e) in FIG. 4 , wherein in this case, however, the overlap time would mean another switching state of the valve. Figure 5 Such a combination valve is schematically shown. Here, the letter K represents a combination valve, which correspondingly replaces Figure 1 and Figure 2 The two valves 1 and 2 in the right and left sides are shown respectively as two lines V1 and V2, where V1 represents the left side of the projectile guide tube 7 (according to Figure 2 ), for example via a channel piece 22 (similar to the first valve 1 ). Correspondingly, the right line V2 represents an interface with the right side of the projectile guide tube 7 (similar to the second valve 2 ), for example via a channel piece 25 .

[0090] exist Figure 5 In the figure, the upper line is represented by the keyword "pressure delivery" and the symbol "1" for the first valve (which should not be confused with the figure mark 1); similarly, the lower line interface is represented by the keyword "ambient pressure" and the symbol "O" in the figure, indicating the ventilation opening.

[0091] In the combination valve K, there is a symbolically illustrated slide 8 which can be moved in a vertical direction (refer to Figure 5 ) moves between four different switching positions. Figure 5 As shown, in the uppermost position, port V1 is ventilated and port V2 is loaded with pneumatic supply pressure, in the third position from the top the opposite is true, and in the second position from the top, to which the figure is switching, both ports V1 and V2 are ventilated. Finally, the lowermost position shows that both ports V1 and V2 are loaded with pressure simultaneously.

[0092] Therefore, it is conceivable to replace the combination valve K constructed in this way or in a similar way Figure 1 and Figure 2 The two individual valves 1 and 2 of the embodiment of the present invention, wherein the remaining description and in particular Figure 3 The same applies here as well, mutatis mutandis, to FIG. 4 .

[0093] Since the impact speed of the projectile 8 can be controlled by switching the two valves 1 and 2 alone, the pneumatic compressor 53 ( Figure 3 ) is operated at a predetermined fixed operating frequency, at which it has a maximum efficiency. In addition, pneumatic compressors can particularly effectively reduce vibration and noise at a predetermined operating frequency.

[0094] In principle, the control device 54 can vary the impact speed and the time interval between the collisions between the projectile 8 and the applicator 6 from one individual process to the next. It can thus influence the impact physics significantly faster and variably and in particular not be tied to periodic processes.

[0095] FIG. 6 shows in individual views a) to c) a schematic time profile similar to FIG. 4 , but with a solid line at the bottom. Figure 1 and Figure 2 There is a time gap between the actuation of valve 1 in the figure and the actuation of valve 2 represented by the dashed line above. Figure 6a ), there is a relatively short on pulse for valve 1, so that the projectile is accelerated and then "continues flying" over a large part of the movement path after the first on time has ended, without further pneumatic loading. However, in contrast to the overlap time shown in FIG. 4, both sides of the tube interior are ventilated (and not loaded with pressure) during this movement phase.

[0096] After a period of time, Figure 6a ) symbolically depicted as a collision with the applicator, and relatively shortly after the collision, (in addition to the above-mentioned return movement of the projectile due to the collision) also due to the Figure 6a ) generates a return pneumatic pulse. As a result, the projectile is moved back to the starting position again and is ready for a new cycle.

[0097] In the individual views b) and c), the above explanations also apply in principle, wherein the first on-time is gradually extended, so that the interval between the first on-time and the second on-time is gradually shortened. As a result, the impact time is slightly shifted to the left, as symbolically shown in the figure. Correspondingly, the projectile hits the applicator at an increasing speed.

[0098] In all three views a) to c), the second valve is switched on after the collision. Figure 6a )and Figure 6b ), most of the interval time is before the collision in the first two control conditions, while in the third case c), it is after the collision.

[0099] exist Figure 6d) to Figure 6f) In, with Figure 6a) to Figure 6c) Different, the length of the first on-time remains unchanged (and corresponds to Figure 6b )). However, unlike the first three views, part of the second on-time is before the collision, to be precise, it accounts for the majority in case d), about half in case e), and only a small part in case f). To some extent, it can be regarded as Figure 6b), where the second switch-on time is completely after the collision, but this is not particularly important.

[0100] These views show another way to control the velocity of a projectile upon collision. Figure 6d ), the projectile is similar to Figure 6b ) is pneumatically accelerated during the first on-time, but unlike case b), the projectile then flies only relatively briefly without force, so that it is then delayed by the reverse pneumatic pressure due to the start of the second on-time (upper dashed line). Since in case d), the delay time corresponds approximately to the acceleration time and the pressure height can be assumed to be the same, the projectile hits the applicator at a minimum speed and then returns again during the remainder of the second on-time.

[0101] In cases e) and f), the interval between the two switch-on times is longer and therefore the second switch-on time is reduced in the part before the impact, which results in an increase in the projectile velocity at the time of the impact despite the unchanged first switch-on time.

[0102] In this regard, the following control must be envisaged (according to Figure 3 ), that is: the control state according to the subgraph of Figure 4 and the other control states just described according to Figure 6 can be set. In both cases, the projectile velocity at the time of the collision can be influenced by the valve switching time while the pressure remains the same.

[0103] Figure 7 Roughly shows a series of Figure 6e ) corresponding to the three processes. In this case, the second switch-on time is drawn with a dashed line, and the projectile is respectively sent back to the starting position, so that it is then accelerated again towards the applicator by the first switch-on time that follows in time. This figure only serves to illustrate the possible periodicity of the control state, which of course also applies in a similar way to the other sub-figures in Figures 4 and 6. In addition, it is conceivable that the processes that follow one another can have deviations from one another, so that the impact process can be changed quickly and freely from one repetition process to the next.

[0104] FIG8 shows a series of three separate schematic time curves Figure 8a) to Figure 8c), wherein the opening and closing process of the first valve 1 is shown correspondingly by the curve represented by T1, and the opening and closing process of the second valve T2 is similarly shown by the curve represented by T2. Therefore, the rising curve parts each correspond to the first connection time or the second connection time. Compared with the time change curve diagram of Figure 4, here, the opening time of the second valve corresponding to the curve T2 is earlier than the first valve corresponding to the T1 curve. By changing the overlap between these two connection times, the reflection at the distal end of the motion path will be advanced or delayed, as plotted by the horizontal axis in the three figures. In this example, the length of each of the two connection times (in the comparison between the three sub-figures) is the same. However, the second connection time is changed from Figure 8a) to Figure 8b) Then Figure 8c ) is further advanced relative to the first on time, so the overlap time is reduced. Figure 8c ) the part of the second valve opening time (before the overlap time) that is effective for return acceleration is greater than Figure 8b ), and the effective part of the latter is greater than Figure 8a ), so that the projectile velocity present at the time of reflection at the distal end is correspondingly greater. Therefore, the projectile will also move again towards the applicator at a correspondingly greater velocity after reflection at the distal end. In addition, the portion of the first valve opening time (after the overlap time) that is effective for the corresponding additional acceleration is also greater, such as Figure 8a) to Figure 8c) As shown in the comparison, Figure 8a) to Figure 8b) Then Figure 8c ), the collision velocity upon collision with the applicator increases for two reasons.

[0105] Fig. 9 shows a repeating sequence of pulses with two different projectile velocity ranges (at impact), the projectile velocity range being Fig. 9 In the example, the control behavior can be shown by way of example by varying the overlap time and the interval time. For each pulse with a projectile impact velocity approximately in the range H, two pulses with a projectile impact velocity approximately in the range L occur. Fig. 9 In particular, it has been shown that the collision conditions can change significantly from one collision to the next, with the collision speed changing by a factor of approximately 3. The fluctuations in the ranges H and L are unintentional and are tolerance-induced variations (relating to the actual measured values).

[0106] Fig.10 The control sequence of valves V1 and V2 in their time sequence is shown as an example to achieve Fig. 9 The projectile velocity sequence is shown. The different overlaps and spacings of the pulses relative to each other can be seen.

[0107] Fig.11 More precisely in time Fig.10 1 and 2. The sequence of the first pulse in FIG. 1 is therefore shown here separately as a repeated sequence. It can be seen more clearly here that the valve opening time between V1 and V2 has changed with respect to their spacing and overlap.

[0108] Fig.12 and Fig.13a )to Fig.13d ) involves supplementing the above numerical table ( Figure 4a) to Figure 4e) ). These measurements were made on Figures 1 to 3 The device described in was used with a repetition frequency of 10 Hz and a constant supply pressure of 4 bar, wherein the valve opening time of both valves 1 and 2 was constant at 14 ms. Fig.12 The four measurement points drawn in the figure correspond to the following figures from left to right, where Fig.13a )to Fig.13d ) where the overlap times represented by the symbol σ are 6ms, 5ms, 4ms, and 3ms, respectively. Fig.12 The "net pulse duration" of the acceleration pneumatic pulse of the first valve V1 (before the overlap time σ) shown on the central horizontal axis is correspondingly 8 ms to 11 ms.

[0109] exist Fig.12 In the graph of FIG. 1 , it is not surprising that a strictly monotonically increasing dependence can be easily seen with the help of the dotted interpolation line. The longer the acceleration time (at constant pressure), the higher the impact velocity. The collision occurs between approximately 16 ms and 17 ms, i.e. shortly after the first valve opening time and the overlap time have ended, and during the second valve opening time. In this regard, in all the operating states presented, the pneumatic pulse from the second valve has a slight braking effect, and in all the states presented, approximately more than half of the second valve opening time is used for the safe and rapid return of the projectile. The change in the overlap time changes the (previous) part of the first valve opening time that is effective for acceleration and thus changes the impact velocity.

[0110] The above description in conjunction with FIG. 4 and FIG. 6 to FIG. 13 is for Figures 1 to 3 The devices described in . Based on a simple estimation of the movement of the projectile, these statements can also be transferred to other devices and dimensions. In particular, the reversal point of the movement of the projectile can be easily detected, for example by the mentioned measuring coil (possibly a similar measuring coil at the far end of the movement path) or by detecting the impact by a microphone. On this basis, meaningful estimates can be made according to the above description.

[0111] Alternatively, the following operation can be performed: the desired operating frequency and the desired supply pressure of the two valves are predetermined, and for example, it is also predetermined that the two valves are opened for a constant duration, for example 40% of the reciprocal of the predetermined frequency. Then, the controller can be set so that the valves are opened and closed precisely in phase at the start time point. In this state, stable movement does not occur because the projectile is loaded with pressure on both sides at the same time or is not loaded with pressure on any side. On this basis, the offset (Versatz) of the opening time point can be gradually changed in both directions, that is, the second valve is gradually opened (and closed) slightly earlier or later than the first valve. Starting from a certain time offset (i.e., starting from a certain phase offset), a stable oscillation state of the projectile occurs, which can be determined by determining the collision using the mentioned microphones at both ends of the motion path. In addition, the intensity of the collision with the applicator can then be determined, and the described phase offset can be regarded as a regulating parameter of the intensity to a certain extent. In this form, a calibration curve (Eichkurve) can be determined.

[0112] Furthermore, in a specific oscillation state known in this manner, it is of course possible to keep the phase shift constant and to change the first valve opening duration and / or the second valve opening duration stepwise.

[0113] In individual cases, it may happen that there is not enough pressure predetermined for the desired frequency, so that even if the two valves are actuated "in phase", no oscillating state with collisions occurs at the ends of the movement path. The pressure must then be increased slightly or the frequency reduced accordingly.

[0114] Similarly, of course, suitable operating conditions can also be explored in other forms based on experience. Finally, of course, the motion behavior of the simulated projectile can be carried out at least in the form of a computer approximation, and then experiments based on experience can be carried out according to these simulation results.

Claims

1. A device for treating a human or animal body with mechanical pressure waves, the device comprising: - a projectile (8) which is guided along a movement path in the device; - an applicator (6) located at one end of the movement path; - a pneumatic device for applying pneumatic pressure to the projectile (8) to move it along the movement path, in, The projectile (8) is designed to impact the applicator (6) to generate the mechanical pressure wave, The pneumatic device comprises a double valve device (1, 2) and a control device (54) for controlling the double valve device (1, 2), wherein the double valve device is used to apply pneumatic pressure to the projectile (8) in the direction of the applicator (6) during a first switch-on time and to apply pneumatic pressure to the projectile (8) in the return direction during a second switch-on time, The device is designed to allow the first on-time and the second on-time to overlap within an overlap time.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein The double valve device (1, 2) comprises a first valve (1) and a second valve (2), wherein the first valve is used to load the projectile (8) with pneumatic pressure in the direction toward the applicator (6), and the second valve is used to load the projectile (8) with pneumatic pressure in the return direction, and the first valve and the second valve are preferably capable of being controlled independently of each other by the control device (54).

3. The device according to claim 1, wherein: The double valve device has a "combination valve", which occupies a first switching state or a second switching state depending on the control of the control device, the first switching state being used to load the projectile with pneumatic pressure in the direction toward the applicator, and the second switching state being used to load the projectile with pneumatic pressure along the return direction, wherein in each switching state, the pneumatic interface used to load the projectile with pneumatic pressure in the other switching state is ventilated through the combination valve, or the combination valve occupies a third switching state depending on the control of the control device, in which the two pneumatic interfaces used to load the projectile with pneumatic pressure are loaded with pneumatic pressure through the combination valve.

4. The device according to claim 2, wherein: At least one of the two valves (1, 2) is a two-way valve which, during a corresponding switch-on time, in a first switching position, applies pneumatic pressure to a pneumatic volume between itself and the projectile (8) in order to apply pneumatic pressure to the projectile (8), and in a second switching position, ventilates the pneumatic volume.

5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, designed to control the impact speed of the collision between the projectile (8) and the applicator (6) by varying the overlap time by means of the control device (54).

6. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: In the case of an overlap time at the end of a first on-time, the second on-time begins during the forward movement of the projectile (8), and / or in the case of an overlap time at the end of a second on-time, the first on-time after the second on-time begins during the return movement of the projectile (8). 7 . The device as claimed in claim 1 , which is designed to terminate the first switch-on time during the second switch-on time or to terminate the second switch-on time during the first switch-on time.

8. The device according to one of the preceding claims, which is designed to control the impact speed of the projectile (8) when impacting the applicator (6) by means of the part of the first switch-on time outside the overlap time of the first switch-on time.

9. The device according to claim 8, wherein: When comparing at least two control states having different time periods of overlap between the first on time and the second on time, the length of the earlier of the first on time and the second on time is constant.

10. The device according to claim 8 or 9, wherein: In the case of a comparison between at least two control states having overlapping different time periods, the length of the later of the first switch-on time and the second switch-on time is variable.

11. Apparatus according to claim 8, 9 or 10, wherein: The control device is designed to change the interval between the first on-time and the second on-time under different control states.

12. The device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein: The pneumatic device has a pneumatic compressor (53), wherein the device is designed to enable the compressor (53) to operate at the same rotational speed in the switched-on state in different control states with different impact speeds of the projectile, preferably, in principle, to always operate the compressor at the same rotational speed in the switched-on state.

13. The device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein: The projectile is capable of moving with an impact impulse of between 2 gm / s and 300 gm / s upon impacting the applicator (6).

14. A device according to one of the preceding claims, which is designed to change the impact speed of the combined reciprocating motion from one such combined reciprocating motion to the next in a repeated operating state with directly successive forward movements and return movements of the projectile (8) for impacting the applicator (6).

15. The device according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a measuring device (31) for detecting the passage of the projectile (8) at a certain position on the movement path, the measuring device (31) being coupled to the control device (54).

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