Electrochromic device, laminate therefor, method for preparing the same, and window device including the same

Abstract

An embodiment provides an electrochromic device comprising: a first substrate; the second substrate is arranged on the first substrate; and an electrochromic part which is provided between the first substrate and the second substrate and has a light transmission change rate of less than 0.25 as measured by the following measurement method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments relate to an electrochromic device, a laminated body used therefor, a method for preparing the same, and a window device including the same. Background Art

[0002] Electrochromic films are films that change color due to redox reactions in their respective oxidation and reduction electrodes when an electric potential is applied. They are films that allow users to artificially adjust visible light and ultraviolet light, etc., and use various types of inorganic oxides as electrode materials.

[0003] The electrochromic film as described above has been developed and patented in various ways. Looking at the contents of the patent application, Korean Patent Publication No. 2001-0087586 discloses a film in which indium tin oxide (Indium-tin) with conductivity is deposited on a glass film. In two ITO films 1A and 1B of oxide thin films, MoO3 as a reduced color-developing oxide is deposited on one, and WO3 as a reduced color-developing substance is deposited on the other, and then a lithium-based solid electrolyte as an alkali metal is deposited thereon, and polyaniline as a conductive polymer is placed between the two films, and passed through a high-frequency compression roller, and the color changes from transparent to blue when a voltage is applied, and a color-changing film by electric energy is disclosed in the Korean Authorized Utility Model Gazette No. 0184841, which is characterized in that indium tin oxide is deposited on a glass film with a thickness of 0.05 mm, and then a high-frequency roller is used to bond the two sides of a transition metal oxide film in which an α-PEO copolymer (copolymer) as a polymer solid electrolyte is sandwiched in the middle and WO3 as a reduced color-developing substance and IrO2 as an oxidized color-developing substance are deposited. Summary of the invention

[0004] Problem that the invention aims to solve

[0005] Embodiments are directed to providing an electrochromic device having improved durability and a window apparatus including the same.

[0006] The embodiments are intended to provide a method for easily preparing an electrochromic device and a laminate with improved long-term reliability, wherein the electrochromic device has high thickness uniformity, improved mechanical strength, improved peel strength, excellent appearance, less electrolyte leakage, and improved durability to mechanical deformation.

[0007] Means used to solve problems

[0008] The electrochromic device according to the embodiment includes: a first substrate; a second substrate disposed on the first substrate; and an electrochromic portion disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and the light transmittance change rate measured by the following measurement method 1 is less than 0.25.

[0009] Determination method 1:

[0010] The intensity is 1000W / m 2 The simulated sunlight is irradiated to the electrochromic part through the first substrate for 10 minutes, the first light transmittance of the electrochromic device is measured before irradiation with the simulated sunlight, and the second light transmittance of the electrochromic device is measured after irradiation with the simulated sunlight, and the light transmittance change rate is a value obtained by dividing the difference between the first light transmittance and the second light transmittance by the first light transmittance.

[0011] In the electrochromic device according to an embodiment, the haze change measured by the following measuring method 2 may be less than 5.5%.

[0012] Determination method 2:

[0013] The first haze of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment is measured before irradiating the simulated sunlight, and the second haze of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment is measured after irradiating the simulated sunlight, and the haze change is a value obtained by subtracting the first haze from the second haze.

[0014] In the electrochromic device according to an embodiment, the L* change measured by the following measurement method 3 may be less than 9.

[0015] Determination method 3:

[0016] The first L* of the first color-changing layer is measured before irradiation with the simulated sunlight, and the second L* of the first color-changing layer is measured after irradiation with the simulated sunlight, and the L* change is the absolute value of the value obtained by subtracting the first L* from the second L*.

[0017] In the electrochromic device according to an embodiment, the change in a* measured by the following measurement method 4 may be less than 5.

[0018] Determination method 4:

[0019] The first a* of the first color-changing layer is measured before irradiation with the simulated sunlight, and the second a* of the first color-changing layer is measured after irradiation with the simulated sunlight. The a* change is an absolute value of a value obtained by subtracting the first a* from the second a*.

[0020] In the electrochromic device according to an embodiment, the b* change measured by the following measurement method may be less than 10.

[0021] Determination method 5:

[0022] The first b* of the first color-changing layer is measured before irradiation with the simulated sunlight, and the second b* of the first color-changing layer is measured after irradiation with the simulated sunlight, and the b* change is the absolute value of the value obtained by subtracting the first b* from the second b*.

[0023] In one embodiment, the electrochromic portion may include: a first transparent electrode, disposed on the first substrate; a first color-changing layer, disposed on the first transparent electrode; a photoelectron reduction layer, disposed on the first color-changing layer; an electrolyte layer, disposed on the photoelectron reduction layer; a second color-changing layer, disposed on the electrolyte layer; and a second transparent electrode, disposed on the second color-changing layer, wherein the first color-changing layer contains an electrochromic color-changing substance, and the photoelectron reduction layer contains an electron-accommodating substance having a band gap lower than the band gap of the electrochromic substance.

[0024] In one embodiment, the electrochromic substance may include tungsten oxide, and the electron accommodating substance may include at least one selected from the group consisting of carbon black, carbon nanotubes, and graphene.

[0025] In one embodiment, the first light transmittance may be 50% to 85%, and the first haze may be 0.1% to 5%.

[0026] In one embodiment, the first L* may be 80 to 100, the first a* may be -2 to 1.5, and the first b* may be 0.5 to 4.

[0027] In one embodiment, the photoelectron reducing layer may include the electron accommodating material and a binder.

[0028] The window device of an embodiment may include: a frame; a window mounted on the frame; and an electrochromic device disposed on the window, the electrochromic device including: a first substrate; a second substrate disposed on the first substrate; and an electrochromic portion disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and the light transmittance change rate measured by the following measurement method 1 is less than 0.25.

[0029] Determination method 1:

[0030] The intensity is 1000W / m 2 The simulated sunlight is irradiated to the electrochromic part through the first substrate for 10 minutes, the first light transmittance of the electrochromic device is measured before irradiation with the simulated sunlight, and the second light transmittance of the electrochromic device is measured after irradiation with the simulated sunlight, and the light transmittance change rate is a value obtained by dividing the difference between the first light transmittance and the second light transmittance by the first light transmittance.

[0031] According to the embodiment, the preparation method of the electrochromic device includes the following steps: preparing a first stack; arranging a second stack on the first stack; and laminating the first stack and the second stack, wherein the first stack includes: a first substrate; a first transparent electrode, arranged on the first substrate; and a first color-changing layer, arranged on the first transparent electrode, and the second stack includes: a second substrate; a second color-changing layer, arranged on the second substrate; and an electrolyte composition layer, arranged on the second color-changing layer, comprising a curable resin composition, a solvent and a metal salt, wherein in the first stack, the decrease in transmittance after 90 days measured by the following measurement method 5 is less than 5%.

[0032] Determination method 5:

[0033] When the first laminate is left at room temperature and a relative humidity of 60% for 90 days, the decrease in transmittance is the difference between the initial transmittance of the first laminate and the transmittance of the first laminate after 90 days.

[0034] In one embodiment, the step of laminating the first stack and the second stack may include the step of curing the electrolyte composition layer.

[0035] In one embodiment, the first color-changing layer may include first electrochromic particles and an inorganic binder.

[0036] In one embodiment, the first electrochromic particles may include a metal oxide containing a dopant, the metal oxide may be at least one selected from the group consisting of tungsten oxide, niobium pentoxide, vanadium pentoxide, titanium oxide and molybdenum oxide, and the dopant may be at least one selected from the group consisting of aluminum, iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, silicon, copper, manganese, lead, bismuth, antimony, tin, chromium and cobalt.

[0037] According to the embodiment, the laminate for preparing the electrochromic device includes: a first substrate; a first transparent electrode disposed on the first substrate; and a first color-changing layer disposed on the first transparent electrode, and the decrease in transmittance after 90 days measured by the following measurement method 6 is less than 5%.

[0038] Determination method 6:

[0039] When the laminate is left at room temperature and a relative humidity of 60% for 90 days, the decrease in transmittance is the difference between the initial transmittance of the laminate and the transmittance of the laminate after 90 days.

[0040] In one embodiment, the increase in haze after 90 days measured by the following measurement method 7 is less than 5%.

[0041] Determination method 7:

[0042] When the laminate is left at room temperature and a relative humidity of 60% for 90 days, the increase in haze is the difference between the haze of the laminate after 90 days and the initial haze of the laminate.

[0043] In one embodiment, the transmittance deviation after 90 days measured by the following measurement method 8 may be less than 0.2.

[0044] Determination method 8:

[0045] After the laminate was left at room temperature and 60% relative humidity for 90 days, the transmittance of each measurement area of ​​the laminate was measured. The transmittance deviation was a value obtained by dividing the difference between the maximum transmittance and the minimum transmittance in the transmittance of the measurement area by the average transmittance.

[0046] In one embodiment, the first color-changing layer may include first electrochromic particles and an inorganic binder.

[0047] In one embodiment, the first electrochromic particles may include a metal oxide containing a dopant, the metal oxide may be at least one selected from the group consisting of tungsten oxide, niobium pentoxide, vanadium pentoxide, titanium oxide and molybdenum oxide, and the dopant may be at least one selected from the group consisting of aluminum, iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, silicon, copper, manganese, lead, bismuth, antimony, tin, chromium and cobalt.

[0048] According to the embodiment, the electrochromic device includes: a first stack; and a second stack laminated to the first stack, the first stack including: a first substrate; a first transparent electrode arranged on the first substrate; and a first color-changing layer arranged on the first transparent electrode, the second stack including: an electrolyte layer arranged on the first color-changing layer; the second color-changing layer arranged on the electrolyte layer; a second transparent electrode arranged on the second color-changing layer; and a second substrate arranged on the second transparent electrode, the electrolyte layer contains a curable resin composition, a solvent and a metal salt, the first stack is laminated to the bottom of the electrolyte layer, and in the first stack, the decrease in transmittance after 90 days measured by the following measurement method 9 is less than 5%.

[0049] Determination method 9:

[0050] When the first laminate is left at room temperature and a relative humidity of 60% for 90 days, the decrease in transmittance is the difference between the initial transmittance of the first laminate and the transmittance of the first laminate after 90 days.

[0051] In one embodiment, the reduction in the operating range measured by the measurement method 10 described below may be less than 20%.

[0052] Determination method 10:

[0053] When the electrochromic device is driven for 10,000 cycles, the reduction in the operating range is the difference between the initial operating range and the operating range after the 10,000 cycles, one cycle consists of one coloring drive and one bleaching drive, and the operating range is the difference between the transmittance during bleaching and the transmittance during coloring.

[0054] A window device of one embodiment includes: a frame; a window mounted on the frame; and an electrochromic device arranged on the window, the electrochromic device including: a first stack; and a second stack laminated to the first stack, the first stack including: a first substrate; a first transparent electrode arranged on the first substrate; and a first color-changing layer arranged on the first transparent electrode, the second stack including: an electrolyte layer arranged on the first color-changing layer; the second color-changing layer arranged on the electrolyte layer; a second transparent electrode arranged on the second color-changing layer; and a second substrate arranged on the second transparent electrode, the electrolyte layer comprising a curable resin composition, a solvent and a metal salt, the first stack laminated to the bottom of the electrolyte layer, in the first stack, the decrease in transmittance after 90 days measured by the following measurement method 11 is less than 5%.

[0055] Determination method 11:

[0056] When the first laminate is left at room temperature and a relative humidity of 60% for 90 days, the decrease in transmittance is the difference between the initial transmittance of the first laminate and the transmittance of the first laminate after 90 days.

[0057] According to the embodiment, the electrochromic device includes a first stack and a second stack, the first stack including: a first substrate; a first transparent electrode, arranged on the first substrate; and a first color-changing layer, arranged on the first transparent electrode, the second stack including: an electrolyte layer, arranged on the first color-changing layer; a second color-changing layer, arranged on the electrolyte layer; a second transparent electrode, arranged on the second color-changing layer; and a second substrate, arranged on the second transparent electrode, in the first stack, the light transmittance change rate measured by the following measurement method 12 is less than 0.3.

[0058] Determination method 12:

[0059] The first color-changing layer was heated with an intensity of 1000 W / m 2The first stack is irradiated with simulated sunlight for 10 minutes, the first light transmittance of the first stack is measured before irradiation with the simulated sunlight, and the second light transmittance of the first stack is measured after irradiation with the simulated sunlight, and the light transmittance change rate is a value obtained by dividing the difference between the first light transmittance and the second light transmittance by the first light transmittance.

[0060] In one embodiment, in the first laminate, the haze change measured by the following measurement method 13 may be 5.5% or less.

[0061] Determination method 13:

[0062] The first haze of the first laminate is measured before irradiation with the simulated sunlight, and the second haze of the first laminate is measured after irradiation with the simulated sunlight, and the haze change is an absolute value of a value obtained by subtracting the first haze from the second haze.

[0063] In one embodiment, in the first laminate, the L* change measured by the following measurement method 14 may be 9 or less.

[0064] Determination method 14:

[0065] The first L* of the first color-changing layer is measured before irradiation with the simulated sunlight, and the second L* of the first color-changing layer is measured after irradiation with the simulated sunlight, and the L* change is an absolute value of a value obtained by subtracting the first L* from the second L*.

[0066] In one embodiment, in the first stacked body, the change in a* measured by the following measurement method 15 may be 5 or less.

[0067] Determination method 15:

[0068] The first a* of the first color-changing layer is measured before irradiation with the simulated sunlight, and the second a* of the first color-changing layer is measured after irradiation with the simulated sunlight. The a* change is an absolute value of a value obtained by subtracting the first a* from the second a*.

[0069] In one embodiment, in the first stacked body, the b* change measured by the following measurement method 16 may be 10 or less.

[0070] Determination method 16:

[0071] The first b* of the first color-changing layer is measured before irradiation with the simulated sunlight, and the second b* of the first color-changing layer is measured after irradiation with the simulated sunlight, and the b* change is the absolute value of the value obtained by subtracting the first b* from the second b*.

[0072] In one embodiment, the first color-changing layer may include a first color-changing substance and an electron-accommodating substance having a band gap lower than that of the first color-changing substance.

[0073] In one embodiment, the first color-changing substance may include tungsten oxide, and the electron-accommodating substance may include at least one selected from the group consisting of carbon black, carbon nanotubes, and graphene.

[0074] In one embodiment, the first light transmittance may be 70% to 90%, and the first haze may be 0.1% to 5%.

[0075] In one embodiment, the first L* may be 80 to 100, the first a* may be -2 to 1.5, and the first b* may be 0.5 to 4.

[0076] In one embodiment, based on the total weight of the first color-changing layer, the first color-changing layer may include 0.1 wt % to 1 wt % of the electron accommodating substance.

[0077] The preparation method of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment includes the following steps: providing a first substrate and a first transparent electrode disposed on the first substrate; forming a first color-changing layer on the first transparent electrode, wherein the first color-changing layer contains a first color-changing substance and an electron-accommodating substance having a band gap lower than that of the first color-changing substance; forming an electrolyte layer on the first color-changing layer; and disposing a second color-changing layer, a second transparent electrode and a second substrate on the electrolyte layer.

[0078] In the first laminate, the light transmittance change rate measured by the following measurement method 17 is 0.3 or less.

[0079] Determination method 17:

[0080] The first color-changing layer was heated with an intensity of 1000 W / m 2 The first stack is irradiated with simulated sunlight for 10 minutes, the first light transmittance of the first stack is measured before irradiation with the simulated sunlight, and the second light transmittance of the first stack is measured after irradiation with the simulated sunlight, and the light transmittance change rate is a value obtained by dividing the difference between the first light transmittance and the second light transmittance by the first light transmittance.

[0081] Effects of the Invention

[0082] The electrochromic device according to the embodiment has a light transmittance variation rate of less than 0.25. Therefore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can reduce the variation of transmittance caused by the external environment such as external sunlight.

[0083] That is, since the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can reduce transmittance deviation due to external sunlight, it is possible to easily control the target transmittance when turned on and off.

[0084] Furthermore, since the electrochromic device according to the embodiment includes the first stack and the first color-changing layer with small haze changes, L* changes, a* changes, and b* changes, the appearance change caused by external sunlight can be small. Therefore, even if the external environment changes, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can have a constant appearance.

[0085] Also, since the electrochromic device according to the embodiment includes the electron accommodating substance, it may have a buffering effect on external light and / or driving voltage. Therefore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have improved durability.

[0086] In particular, since the electrochromic device according to the embodiment reduces the transmittance change to external light and reduces the appearance deviation, it can be driven by a constant driving voltage. Therefore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can reduce the driving voltage deviation and can have improved durability.

[0087] Furthermore, the method for preparing the electrochromic device according to the embodiment includes the step of preparing a first stacked body. The first stacked body includes: a first substrate; a first transparent electrode disposed on the first substrate; and a first color-changing layer disposed on the first transparent electrode, wherein the decrease in transmittance of the first stacked body after 90 days is less than 5%.

[0088] Furthermore, the increase in haze of the first laminate after 90 days may be less than 5%. Furthermore, the transmittance deviation of the first laminate after 90 days may be less than 0.2.

[0089] Therefore, since the first stack maintains its performance even if stored for a long time, the method of manufacturing an electrochromic device according to the embodiment may provide an electrochromic device having improved optical characteristics.

[0090] Furthermore, since the first stack maintains its performance even when stored for a long time, even if the first stack and the second stack require a long transportation period after being prepared, the method for preparing the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can also provide an electrochromic device with improved performance.

[0091] Therefore, the method of manufacturing an electrochromic device according to an embodiment may provide an electrochromic device having improved performance even if the first stack and the second stack are prepared separately in time and / or space.

[0092] Therefore, the method of manufacturing an electrochromic device according to the embodiment can easily manufacture an electrochromic device with improved performance at low cost.

[0093] Furthermore, in the embodiment, since the first stack and the second stack are transported in a semi-finished state, the first stack and the second stack can be easily rolled and transported.

[0094] Therefore, the method for preparing the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can be prepared efficiently and easily.

[0095] Also, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment includes the first stack having a light transmittance change ratio of 0.3 or less. Therefore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can reduce the change in transmittance due to external sunlight or the like.

[0096] That is, since the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can reduce transmittance deviation due to external sunlight, it is possible to easily control the target transmittance when turned on and off.

[0097] Furthermore, since the electrochromic device according to the embodiment includes the first stack and the first color-changing layer with small haze changes, L* changes, a* changes, and b* changes, the appearance change caused by external sunlight can be small. Therefore, even if the external environment changes, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can have a constant appearance.

[0098] Also, since the electrochromic device according to the embodiment includes the electron accommodating substance, it may have a buffering effect on external light and / or driving voltage. Therefore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have improved durability.

[0099] In particular, since the electrochromic device according to the embodiment reduces the transmittance change to external light and reduces the appearance deviation, it can be driven by a constant driving voltage. Therefore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can reduce the driving voltage deviation and can have improved durability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0100] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section of an electrochromic device according to an embodiment.

[0101] Figures 2 to 5 FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a process of preparing an electrochromic device according to an embodiment.

[0102] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view showing an electrochromic device according to another embodiment.

[0103] Figure 7FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section of an electrochromic device according to still another embodiment.

[0104] Figures 8 to 11 FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a process of preparing an electrochromic device according to yet another embodiment.

[0105] Fig.12 FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section of an electrochromic device according to still another embodiment.

[0106] Figures 13 to 16 FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a process of preparing an electrochromic device according to yet another embodiment.

[0107] Fig.17 2 is a diagram showing a window device according to an embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0108] In the description of the embodiments, when each part, surface, layer or substrate is described as being formed "on" or "under" the part, surface, layer or substrate, it includes being formed "on" and "under" directly or "formed "on" and "under" by inserting other components (indirectly). In addition, the reference for the top or bottom of each component is described based on the drawings. The size of each component in the drawings may be exaggerated for the purpose of explanation and does not mean the size of actual application.

[0109] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section of an electrochromic device according to an embodiment.

[0110] refer to Figure 1 The electrochromic device according to the embodiment includes a first substrate 100 , a second substrate 200 , and an electrochromic portion 11 disposed between the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 .

[0111] The electrochromic portion 11 includes a first transparent electrode 300 , a second transparent electrode 400 , a first color-changing layer 500 , a photoelectron reduction layer 800 , a second color-changing layer 600 and an electrolyte layer 700 .

[0112] The first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 support the electrochromic portion 11 together.

[0113] The first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 together support the first transparent electrode 300 , the first color-changing layer 500 , the second color-changing layer 600 , the second transparent electrode 400 , the photoelectron reduction layer 800 , and the electrolyte layer 700 .

[0114] Furthermore, the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 sandwich the first transparent electrode 300, the first color-changing layer 500, the second color-changing layer 600, the second transparent electrode 400, the photoelectron reduction layer 800, and the electrolyte layer 700. The first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 can protect the first transparent electrode 300, the first color-changing layer 500, the second color-changing layer 600, the second transparent electrode 400, the photoelectron reduction layer 800, and the electrolyte layer 700 from external physical and chemical impacts.

[0115] The first substrate 100 may include a polymer resin. The first substrate 100 may include at least one selected from the group consisting of polyester resin, polyimide resin, cycloolefin polymer resin, polyethersulfone, polycarbonate, and polyolefin resin.

[0116] The first substrate 100 may include a polyester resin as a main component. The first substrate 100 may include polyethylene terephthalate. Based on the total amount of the composition, the first substrate 100 may include about 90wt% or more of the polyethylene terephthalate. Based on the total amount of the composition, the first substrate 100 may include about 95wt% or more of the polyethylene terephthalate. Based on the total amount of the composition, the first substrate 100 may include about 97wt% or more of the polyethylene terephthalate. Based on the total amount of the composition, the first substrate 100 may include about 98wt% or more of the polyethylene terephthalate.

[0117] The first substrate 100 may include a uniaxially or biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate film. The first substrate 100 may include a polyethylene terephthalate film stretched by about 2 times to about 5 times in a length direction and / or a width direction.

[0118] When applied to a window of a building or a vehicle, the first substrate 100 may have high mechanical properties to enhance the strength of the glass of the window.

[0119] The first substrate 100 may have a strength of about 7 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 40kgf / mm 2 The first substrate 100 may have a tensile strength of about 8 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 35kgf / mm 2 tensile strength.

[0120] The first substrate 100 may have a strength of about 7 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 40kgf / mm 2The first substrate 100 may have a tensile strength of about 8 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 35kgf / mm 2 tensile strength.

[0121] The first substrate 100 may have a strength of about 200 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 400kgf / mm 2 The first substrate 100 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 350kgf / mm 2 The first substrate 100 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 270kgf / mm 2 The modulus.

[0122] The first substrate 100 may have a strength of about 200 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 400kgf / mm 2 The first substrate 100 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 350kgf / mm 2 The first substrate 100 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 270kgf / mm 2 The modulus.

[0123] The first substrate 100 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to about 150% along the length direction. The first substrate 100 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to about 130% along the length direction. The first substrate 100 may have an elongation at break of about 40% to about 120% along the length direction.

[0124] The first substrate 100 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to about 150% along the length direction. The first substrate 100 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to about 130% along the length direction. The first substrate 100 may have an elongation at break of about 40% to about 120% along the length direction.

[0125] The first substrate 100 may have a breaking elongation of about 30% to about 150% along the width direction. The first substrate 100 may have a breaking elongation of about 30% to about 130% along the width direction. The first substrate 100 may have a breaking elongation of about 40% to about 120% along the width direction.

[0126] The modulus, the elongation at break, and the tensile strength may be measured according to KS B 5521.

[0127] In addition, the modulus, the tensile strength, and the elongation at break may be measured according to ASTM D882.

[0128] Since the first substrate 100 has the improved mechanical strength as described above, it is possible to effectively protect the first transparent electrode 300, the second transparent electrode 400, the first color-changing layer 500, the second color-changing layer 600, and the electrolyte layer 700. Also, since the first substrate 100 has the improved mechanical strength as described above, it is possible to effectively enhance the mechanical strength of the glass to be attached.

[0129] The first substrate 100 may include glass. The first substrate 100 may be a glass substrate.

[0130] Also, the first substrate 100 may have high chemical resistance. Therefore, even if the electrolyte contained in the electrolyte layer leaks to the first substrate 100, damage to the surface of the first substrate 100 may be minimized.

[0131] The first substrate 100 may have improved optical properties. The total light transmittance of the first substrate 100 may be about 55% or more. The total light transmittance of the first substrate 100 may be about 70% or more. The total light transmittance of the first substrate 100 may be about 75% to about 99%. The total light transmittance of the first substrate 100 may be about 80% to about 99%.

[0132] The haze of the first substrate 100 may be less than about 20%. The haze of the first substrate 100 may be about 0.1% to about 20%. The haze of the first substrate 100 may be about 0.1% to about 10%. The haze of the first substrate 100 may be about 0.1% to about 7%.

[0133] The total light transmittance and the haze can be measured according to ASTM D 1003 or the like.

[0134] Since the first substrate 100 has appropriate total light transmittance and haze, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can have improved optical characteristics. That is, since the first substrate 100 has appropriate transmittance and haze, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can be applied to a window to appropriately adjust the transmittance, minimize the distortion of an image from the outside, and have an improved appearance.

[0135] Also, the first substrate 100 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 100 nm to about 4000 nm, the first substrate 100 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 200 nm to about 3500 nm, and the first substrate 100 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 200 nm to about 3000 nm.

[0136] The first substrate 100 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 7000 nm or more. The first substrate 100 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 7000 nm to about 50000 nm. The first substrate 100 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 8000 nm to about 20000 nm.

[0137] The in-plane phase difference may be obtained according to the refractive index and thickness of the first substrate 100 .

[0138] Since the first substrate 100 has the in-plane phase difference as described above, the electrochromic film according to the embodiment may have an improved appearance.

[0139] The thickness of the first substrate 100 may be about 10 μm to about 200 μm. The thickness of the first substrate 100 may be about 23 μm to about 150 μm. The thickness of the first substrate 100 may be about 30 μm to about 120 μm.

[0140] The first substrate 100 may include an organic or inorganic filler. The organic or inorganic filler may function as an anti-adhesive agent.

[0141] The average particle size of the filler may be about 0.1 μm to about 5 μm. The average particle size of the filler may be about 0.1 μm to about 3 μm. The average particle size of the filler may be about 0.1 μm to about 1 μm.

[0142] The filler may be at least one selected from the group consisting of silica particles, barium sulfate particles, alumina particles, and titanium dioxide particles.

[0143] And, the filler may be included in the first substrate 100 at a content of about 0.01 wt % to about 3 wt % based on the total amount of the first substrate 100. The filler may be included in the first substrate 100 at a content of about 0.05 wt % to about 2 wt % based on the total amount of the first substrate 100.

[0144] The first substrate 100 may have a single-layer structure. For example, the first substrate 100 may be a single-layer polyester film.

[0145] The first substrate 100 may have a multi-layer structure. For example, the first substrate 100 may be a multi-layer co-extruded film. The multi-layer co-extruded structure may include a core layer, a first surface layer and a second surface layer. The filler may be contained in the first surface layer and the second surface layer.

[0146] The second substrate 200 is opposite to the first substrate 100. The second substrate 200 is disposed on the first substrate 100. One end of the second substrate 200 may be disposed to be offset from one end of the first substrate 100. The other end of the second substrate 200 may be disposed to be offset from the other end of the first substrate 100.

[0147] The second substrate 200 supports the first transparent electrode 300 , the first color-changing layer 500 , the second color-changing layer 600 , the second transparent electrode 400 , the photoelectron reduction layer 800 , and the electrolyte layer 700 together with the first substrate 100 .

[0148] Furthermore, the second substrate 200 sandwiches the first transparent electrode 300, the first color-changing layer 500, the second color-changing layer 600, the second transparent electrode 400, the photoelectron reduction layer 800, and the electrolyte layer 700 together with the first substrate 100. The second substrate 200, together with the first substrate 100, can protect the first transparent electrode 300, the first color-changing layer 500, the second color-changing layer 600, the second transparent electrode 400, the photoelectron reduction layer 800, and the electrolyte layer 700 from external physical and chemical impacts.

[0149] The second substrate 200 may include a polymer resin. The second substrate 200 may include at least one selected from the group consisting of a polyester resin, a polyimide resin, a cycloolefin polymer resin, polyethersulfone, polycarbonate, and a polyolefin resin.

[0150] The second substrate 200 may include a polyester resin as a main component. The second substrate 200 may include polyethylene terephthalate. Based on the total amount of the composition, the second substrate 200 may include about 90wt% or more of the polyethylene terephthalate. Based on the total amount of the composition, the second substrate 200 may include about 95wt% or more of the polyethylene terephthalate. Based on the total amount of the composition, the second substrate 200 may include about 97wt% or more of the polyethylene terephthalate. Based on the total amount of the composition, the second substrate 200 may include about 98wt% or more of the polyethylene terephthalate.

[0151] The second substrate 200 may include a uniaxially or biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate film. The second substrate 200 may include a polyethylene terephthalate film stretched by about 2 times to about 5 times in a length direction and / or a width direction.

[0152] When applied to windows of buildings or vehicles, the second substrate 200 may have high mechanical properties to enhance the strength of the glass.

[0153] The second substrate 200 may have a strength of about 7 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 40kgf / mm 2 The second substrate 200 may have a tensile strength of about 8 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 35kgf / mm 2 tensile strength.

[0154] The second substrate 200 may have a strength of about 7 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 40kgf / mm 2 The second substrate 200 may have a tensile strength of about 8 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 35kgf / mm 2 tensile strength.

[0155] The second substrate 200 may have a strength of about 200 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 400kgf / mm 2 The second substrate 200 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 350kgf / mm 2 The second substrate 200 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 270kgf / mm 2 The modulus.

[0156] The second substrate 200 may have a strength of about 200 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 400kgf / mm 2 The second substrate 200 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 350kgf / mm 2 The second substrate 200 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 270kgf / mm 2 The modulus.

[0157] The second substrate 200 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to about 150% along the length direction. The second substrate 200 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to about 130% along the length direction. The second substrate 200 may have an elongation at break of about 40% to about 120% along the length direction.

[0158] The second substrate 200 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to about 150% along the length direction. The second substrate 200 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to about 130% along the length direction. The second substrate 200 may have an elongation at break of about 40% to about 120% along the length direction.

[0159] The second substrate 200 may have a breaking elongation of about 30% to about 150% along the width direction. The second substrate 200 may have a breaking elongation of about 30% to about 130% along the width direction. The second substrate 200 may have a breaking elongation of about 40% to about 120% along the width direction.

[0160] Since the second substrate 200 can have the improved mechanical strength as described above, it is possible to effectively protect the first transparent electrode 300, the second transparent electrode 400, the first color-changing layer 500, the second color-changing layer 600, and the electrolyte layer 700. Also, since the second substrate 200 can have the improved mechanical strength as described above, it is possible to effectively enhance the mechanical strength of the glass to be attached.

[0161] Also, the second substrate 200 may have high chemical resistance. Therefore, even if the electrolyte contained in the electrolyte layer leaks to the second substrate 200, damage to the surface of the second substrate 200 may be minimized.

[0162] The second substrate 200 may have improved optical properties. The total light transmittance of the second substrate 200 may be about 55% or more. The total light transmittance of the second substrate 200 may be about 70% or more. The total light transmittance of the second substrate 200 may be about 75% to about 99%. The total light transmittance of the second substrate 200 may be about 80% to about 99%.

[0163] The haze of the second substrate 200 may be less than about 20%. The haze of the second substrate 200 may be about 0.1% to about 20%. The haze of the second substrate 200 may be about 0.1% to about 10%. The haze of the second substrate 200 may be about 0.1% to about 7%.

[0164] Since the second substrate 200 has appropriate total light transmittance and haze, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can have improved optical characteristics. That is, since the second substrate 200 has appropriate transmittance and haze, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can be applied to the window to appropriately adjust the transmittance, minimize the distortion of the image from the outside, and have an improved appearance.

[0165] Also, the second substrate 200 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 100 nm to about 4000 nm, the second substrate 200 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 200 nm to about 3500 nm, or the second substrate 200 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 200 nm to about 3000 nm.

[0166] The second substrate 200 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 7000 nm or more. The second substrate 200 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 7000 nm to about 50000 nm. The second substrate 200 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 8000 nm to about 20000 nm.

[0167] The in-plane phase difference may be obtained according to the refractive index and thickness of the second substrate 200 .

[0168] Since the second substrate 200 has the in-plane phase difference as described above, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have an improved appearance.

[0169] The second substrate 200 may have a thickness of about 10 μm to about 200 μm, the first substrate 100 may have a thickness of about 23 μm to about 150 μm, and the first substrate 100 may have a thickness of about 30 μm to about 120 μm.

[0170] The second substrate 200 may include an organic or inorganic filler. The organic or inorganic filler may function as an anti-adhesive agent.

[0171] The average particle size of the filler may be about 0.1 μm to about 5 μm. The average particle size of the filler may be about 0.1 μm to about 3 μm. The average particle size of the filler may be about 0.1 μm to about 1 μm.

[0172] The filler may be at least one selected from the group consisting of silica particles, barium sulfate particles, alumina particles, and titanium dioxide particles.

[0173] And, the filler may be included in the second substrate 200 at a content of about 0.01 wt % to about 3 wt % based on the total amount of the second substrate 200. The filler may be included in the second substrate 200 at a content of about 0.05 wt % to about 2 wt % based on the total amount of the second substrate 200.

[0174] The second substrate 200 may have a single-layer structure. For example, the second substrate 200 may be a single-layer polyester film.

[0175] The second substrate 200 may have a multi-layer structure. For example, the second substrate 200 may be a multi-layer co-extruded film.

[0176] The first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 may be flexible. Therefore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be flexible as a whole.

[0177] The first transparent electrode 300 is disposed on the first substrate 100. The first transparent electrode 300 may be formed on the first substrate 100 by deposition. In addition, a hard coating layer may be further included between the first transparent electrode 300 and the first substrate 100.

[0178] The first transparent electrode 300 may include at least one selected from the group consisting of tin oxide, zinc oxide, silver (Ag), chromium (Cr), indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO), aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO), gallium doped zinc oxide (GZO), antimony doped tin oxide (ATO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), niobium doped titanium oxide (NTO) and cadmium tin oxide (CTO).

[0179] Furthermore, the first transparent electrode 300 may include graphene, silver nanowires and / or metal mesh.

[0180] The first transparent electrode 300 may have a total light transmittance of about 80% or more. The first transparent electrode 300 may have a total light transmittance of about 85% or more. The first transparent electrode 300 may have a total light transmittance of about 88% or more.

[0181] The first transparent electrode 300 may have a haze of less than about 10%. The first transparent electrode 300 may have a haze of less than about 7%. The first transparent electrode 300 may have a haze of less than about 5%.

[0182] The sheet resistance of the first transparent electrode 300 may be about 1 Ω / sq to 60 Ω / sq. The sheet resistance of the first transparent electrode 300 may be about 1 Ω / sq to 40 Ω / sq. The sheet resistance of the first transparent electrode 300 may be about 1 Ω / sq to 30 Ω / sq.

[0183] The thickness of the first transparent electrode 300 may be about 50 nm to about 50 μm. The thickness of the first transparent electrode 300 may be about 100 nm to about 10 μm. The thickness of the first transparent electrode 300 may be about 150 nm to about 5 μm.

[0184] The first transparent electrode 300 is electrically connected to the first color-changing layer 500 . Furthermore, the first transparent electrode 300 is electrically connected to the electrolyte layer 700 through the first color-changing layer 500 .

[0185] The second transparent electrode 400 is disposed below the second substrate 200. The second transparent electrode 400 may be formed on the second substrate 200 by deposition. In addition, a hard coating layer may be further included between the second transparent electrode 400 and the second substrate 200.

[0186] The second transparent electrode 400 may include at least one selected from the group consisting of tin oxide, zinc oxide, silver, chromium, indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, gallium-doped zinc oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, niobium-doped titanium oxide, and cadmium tin oxide.

[0187] Furthermore, the second transparent electrode 400 may include graphene, silver nanowires and / or metal mesh.

[0188] The second transparent electrode 400 may have a total light transmittance of about 80% or more. The second transparent electrode 400 may have a total light transmittance of about 85% or more. The second transparent electrode 400 may have a total light transmittance of about 88% or more.

[0189] The second transparent electrode 400 may have a haze of less than about 10%. The second transparent electrode 400 may have a haze of less than about 7%. The second transparent electrode 400 may have a haze of less than about 5%.

[0190] The second transparent electrode 400 may have a sheet resistance of about 1 Ω / sq to 60 Ω / sq. The second transparent electrode 400 may have a sheet resistance of about 1 Ω / sq to 40 Ω / sq. The second transparent electrode 400 may have a sheet resistance of about 1 Ω / sq to 30 Ω / sq.

[0191] The thickness of the second transparent electrode 400 may be about 50 nm to about 50 μm. The thickness of the second transparent electrode 400 may be about 100 nm to about 10 μm. The thickness of the second transparent electrode 400 may be about 150 nm to about 5 μm.

[0192] The second transparent electrode 400 is electrically connected to the second color-changing layer 600 . Furthermore, the second transparent electrode 400 is electrically connected to the electrolyte layer 700 through the second color-changing layer 600 .

[0193] The first color-changing layer 500 is disposed on the first transparent electrode 300. The first color-changing layer 500 may be directly disposed on the upper surface of the first transparent electrode 300. The first color-changing layer 500 may be directly electrically connected to the first transparent electrode 300.

[0194] The first color-changing layer 500 is electrically connected to the first transparent electrode 300. The first color-changing layer 500 may be directly electrically connected to the first transparent electrode 300. Furthermore, the first color-changing layer 500 is electrically connected to the electrolyte layer 700. The first color-changing layer 500 may be electrically connected to the electrolyte layer 700.

[0195] The first color-changing layer 500 may change color by receiving electrons. The first color-changing layer 500 may include a first electrochromic substance that changes color by receiving electrons. The first electrochromic substance may include at least one selected from the group consisting of tungsten oxide, niobium pentoxide, vanadium pentoxide, titanium oxide, molybdenum oxide, viologen, and poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene).

[0196] The first color-changing layer 500 may include the first electrochromic substance in the form of particles. The tungsten oxide, niobium pentoxide, vanadium pentoxide, titanium oxide, and molybdenum oxide may be particles having an average particle size of about 1 nm to about 200 nm. The average particle size of the first electrochromic substance may be about 5 nm to about 100 nm. The average particle size of the first electrochromic substance may be about 10 nm to about 50 nm.

[0197] The first color-changing layer 500 may include about 70 wt % to about 98 wt % of the first electrochromic substance based on the total weight of the first color-changing layer 500. The first color-changing layer 500 may include about 80 wt % to about 96 wt % of the first electrochromic substance based on the total weight of the first color-changing layer 500. The first color-changing layer 500 may include about 85 wt % to about 94 wt % of the first electrochromic substance based on the total weight of the first color-changing layer 500.

[0198] Since the first color-changing layer 500 includes the first electrochromic substance having the average particle size and the weight range, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have improved optical characteristics and electrochromic characteristics.

[0199] Furthermore, the first color-changing layer 500 may further include an adhesive. The adhesive may be an inorganic adhesive. The adhesive may include silica gel. The adhesive may be formed by silica sol including tetramethoxysilane or methyltrimethoxysilane.

[0200] The first color-changing layer 500 may include about 1 wt % to 20 wt % of the binder based on the total weight of the first color-changing layer 500. The first color-changing layer 500 may include about 5 wt % to 15 wt % of the binder based on the total weight of the first color-changing layer 500. The first color-changing layer 500 may include about 7 wt % to 13 wt % of the binder based on the total weight of the first color-changing layer 500.

[0201] The photoelectron reduction layer 800 is disposed on the first color-changing layer 500. The photoelectron reduction layer 800 is disposed on the first color-changing layer 500. The photoelectron reduction layer 800 may be directly disposed on the upper surface of the first color-changing layer 500. The photoelectron reduction layer 800 may be in direct contact with the upper surface of the first color-changing layer 500.

[0202] The photoelectron reduction layer 800 is disposed below the electrolyte layer 700. The photoelectron reduction layer 800 is disposed between the first color-changing layer 500 and the electrolyte layer 700. The photoelectron reduction layer 800 is in direct contact with the lower surface of the electrolyte layer 700. The photoelectron reduction layer 800 is electrically connected to the first color-changing layer 500 and the electrolyte layer 700.

[0203] The photoelectron reducing layer 800 further includes an electron accommodating substance. The electron accommodating substance can accommodate electrons generated from the first electrochromic substance.

[0204] The electron accommodating substance may include at least one selected from the group consisting of carbon black, carbon nanotubes, or graphene.

[0205] The photoelectron reduction layer 800 may include the electron accommodating material in the form of particles. The average particle size of the electron accommodating material may be about 1 nm to about 200 nm. The average particle size of the electron accommodating material may be about 5 nm to about 100 nm. The average particle size of the electron accommodating material may be about 10 nm to about 50 nm.

[0206] The average particle size of the first electrochromic substance and the electron accommodating substance may be measured by a dynamic light scattering method. In addition, the average particle size of the first electrochromic substance and the electron accommodating substance may be a D50 average particle size.

[0207] The nitrogen adsorption surface area of ​​the electron accommodating material may be about 50 m 2 / g to about 200m 2 / g. The nitrogen adsorption surface area of ​​the electron accommodating material may be about 70m 2 / g to about 150m 2 The nitrogen adsorption surface area may be a specific surface area calculated by a low temperature nitrogen adsorption method (JIS K6217).

[0208] The tinting strength of the electron accommodating substance may be about 100% to about 150%. The tinting strength of the electron accommodating substance may be measured according to JIS K6217.

[0209] The oil adsorption of the electron accommodating material may be about 50 cm 3 / 100g to about 150cm 3 The oil absorption of the electron accommodating material can be measured in accordance with JIS K6221.

[0210] The acid value (pH value) of the electron accommodating material may be about 3.0 to about 4.0. The acid value of the electron accommodating material may be measured by mixing the electron accommodating material with distilled water using a glass electrode pH meter.

[0211] The photoelectron reduction layer 800 may include about 80 wt % to 99 wt % of the electron accommodating substance based on the total weight of the photoelectron reduction layer 800. The photoelectron reduction layer 800 may include about 85 wt % to about 95 wt % of the electron accommodating substance based on the total weight of the photoelectron reduction layer 800. The photoelectron reduction layer 800 may include about 87 wt % to 93 wt % of the electron accommodating substance based on the total weight of the photoelectron reduction layer 800.

[0212] The photoelectron reduction layer 800 may further include the binder. The binder may be an inorganic binder. The binder may include silica gel. The binder may be formed by silica sol containing tetramethoxysilane or methyltrimethoxysilane.

[0213] The photoelectron reduction layer 800 may include about 1 wt % to 20 wt % of the binder based on the total weight of the photoelectron reduction layer 800. The photoelectron reduction layer 800 may include about 5 wt % to 15 wt % of the binder based on the total weight of the photoelectron reduction layer 800. The photoelectron reduction layer 800 may include about 7 wt % to 13 wt % of the binder based on the total weight of the photoelectron reduction layer 800.

[0214] Since the photoelectron reducing layer 800 may include the electron accommodating substance having the average particle size and the weight range, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have improved optical characteristics and electrochromic characteristics.

[0215] The electron accommodating substance may have a band gap smaller than a band gap of the first electrochromic substance.

[0216] The band gap of the first electrochromic substance may be about 2.0 eV to about 3.5 eV. The band gap of the first electrochromic substance may be about 2.2 eV to about 3.2 eV. The band gap of the first electrochromic substance may be about 2.3 eV to about 3.0 eV.

[0217] The band gap of the electron accommodating substance may be about 1.0 eV to about 3.0 eV. The band gap of the electron accommodating substance may be about 1.5 eV to about 2.6 eV. The band gap of the electron accommodating substance may be about 1.8 eV to about 2.4 eV.

[0218] The difference between the conduction band of the first electrochromic substance and the conduction band of the electron accommodating substance may be about 0.5 eV or less. The difference between the conduction band of the first electrochromic substance and the conduction band of the electron accommodating substance may be about 0.4 eV or less. The difference between the conduction band of the first electrochromic substance and the conduction band of the electron accommodating substance may be about 0.3 eV or less.

[0219] When external light such as sunlight irradiates the first color-changing layer 500, the first electrochromic substance may be excited, and the first electrochromic substance may undergo photochromism. In this case, the excited electrons of the first electrochromic substance may be transferred to the photoelectron reduction layer 800. Therefore, the electron accommodating substance may suppress the photochromism of the first electrochromic substance.

[0220] The electrons transferred to the photoelectron reducing layer 800 may be transferred to the first transparent electrode 300 and the like.

[0221] The photoelectron reduction layer 800 may have a thickness of about 5 nm to about 200 nm. The photoelectron reduction layer 800 may have a thickness of about 5 nm to about 100 nm. The photoelectron reduction layer 800 may have a thickness of about 5 nm to about 50 nm.

[0222] The second color-changing layer 600 is disposed below the second transparent electrode 400. The second color-changing layer 600 may be directly disposed on the lower surface of the second transparent electrode 400. The second color-changing layer 600 may be directly electrically connected to the second transparent electrode 400.

[0223] The second color-changing layer 600 is electrically connected to the second transparent electrode 400. The second color-changing layer 600 may be directly connected to the second transparent electrode 400. Furthermore, the second color-changing layer 600 is electrically connected to the electrolyte layer 700. The second color-changing layer 600 may be electrically connected to the electrolyte layer 700.

[0224] The second color-changing layer 600 may change color by losing electrons. The second color-changing layer 600 may include a second electrochromic material that changes color by losing electrons and oxidizing. The second color-changing layer 600 may include at least one selected from the group consisting of Prussian blue, nickel oxide, and iridium oxide.

[0225] The second color-changing layer 600 may include the second electrochromic substance in the form of particles. The Prussian blue, nickel oxide, and iridium oxide may be particles having a particle size of about 1 nm to about 200 nm. That is, the diameter of the second electrochromic particles included in the second color-changing layer 600 may be about 2 nm to about 150 nm. The diameter of the second electrochromic particles may be about 5 nm to about 100 nm. The diameter of the second electrochromic particles may be about 10 nm to about 50 nm.

[0226] Furthermore, the second color-changing layer 600 may further include the adhesive.

[0227] The second substrate 200, the second transparent electrode 400 and the second color-changing layer 600 are included in the second stack. That is, the second stack includes the second substrate 200, the second transparent electrode 400 and the second color-changing layer 600. The second stack may be composed of the second substrate 200, the second transparent electrode 400 and the second color-changing layer 600.

[0228] The electrolyte layer 700 is disposed on the first color-changing layer 500. Also, the electrolyte layer 700 is disposed below the second color-changing layer 600. The electrolyte layer 700 is disposed between the first color-changing layer 500 and the second color-changing layer 600.

[0229] The electrolyte layer 700 may include a solid polymer electrolyte or an inorganic hydrate containing metal ions. The electrolyte layer 700 may include lithium ions (Li + ), sodium ion (Na + ), potassium ion (K + )wait.

[0230] Specifically, poly-AMPS, PEO / LiCF3SO3, etc. can be used as the solid polymer electrolyte, and Sb2O5.4H2O, etc. can be used as the inorganic hydrate.

[0231] Furthermore, the electrolyte layer 700 is a structure for providing electrolyte ions that participate in the electrochromic reaction. The electrolyte ions may be, for example, H + , Li + 、Na + , K + , Rb + or Cs + Equivalent cations.

[0232] The electrolyte layer 700 may include an electrolyte. As examples of the electrolyte, a liquid electrolyte, a gel polymer electrolyte, or an inorganic solid electrolyte may be used without limitation. Also, the electrolyte may be used in a layer or film form so that it may be stacked together with the electrode or substrate.

[0233] The type of electrolyte salt used in the electrolyte layer 700 is not particularly limited, as long as it can contain a compound that can provide a monovalent cation, i.e., H+, Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, or Cs+. For example, the electrolyte layer 700 can contain LiClO4, LiBF4, LiAsF6, LiPF6, LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiB 10 Cl 10 , lithium salt compounds such as LiCF3SO3, LiCF3CO2, LiAsF6, LiSbF6, LiAlCl4, CH3SO3Li, CF3SO3Li or (CF3SO2)2NLi; or sodium salt compounds such as NaClO4.

[0234] In one example, the electrolyte layer 700 may include a compound containing Cl or F as an electrolyte salt. Specifically, the electrolyte layer 700 may include a compound selected from LiClO4, LiBF4, LiAsF6, LiPF6, LiCl, LiB 10 Cl 10 , LiCF3SO3, LiCF3CO2, LiAsF6, LiSbF6, LiAlCl4, CF3SO3Li, (CF3SO2)2NLi and NaClO4.

[0235] The electrolyte may also include a carbonate compound as a solvent. Since carbonate compounds have a high dielectric constant, ionic conductivity can be improved. As a non-limiting example, solvents such as propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) or ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC) may be used as carbonate compounds.

[0236] In another example, when the electrolyte layer 700 includes a gel polymer electrolyte, the electrolyte layer 700 may include polyvinyl sulfonic acid, polystyrenesulfonic acid, polyethylene sulfonic acid, poly-2-acrylamido-2methyl-propane sulfonic acid, poly-perfluoro sulfonic acid, poly-toluene sulfonic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene imine, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide (PEO), polypropylene oxide (PPO), poly (ethylene oxide, siloxane) (PEOS), poly (ethylene glycol, siloxane) (poly-(ethylene Polymers such as polyol, polypropylene oxide, polysiloxane), poly(propylene oxide, polysiloxane), poly(ethylene oxide, polymethyl methacrylate), poly(ethylene oxide, acrylic acid), poly(propylene glycol, polymethyl methacrylate ...

[0237] Furthermore, the electrolyte layer 700 may include a curable resin that can be cured by ultraviolet irradiation or heat. The curable resin may be at least one selected from the group consisting of acrylate oligomers, polyethylene glycol oligomers, urethane oligomers, polyester oligomers, polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and polyethylene glycol diacrylate. Furthermore, the electrolyte layer 700 may include a photocuring initiator and / or a thermal curing initiator.

[0238] The thickness of the electrolyte layer 700 may be about 10 μm to about 200 μm. The thickness of the electrolyte layer 700 may be about 50 μm to about 150 μm.

[0239] The electrolyte layer 700 may have a transmittance in the range of 60% to 95%. Specifically, the transmittance of the electrolyte layer 700 in the wavelength range of 380nm to 780nm, more specifically, in the visible light of 400nm or 550nm, may be in the range of 60% to 95%. The transmittance may be measured using a known haze meter (HM).

[0240] The electrochromic device according to the embodiment may further include a sealing portion (not shown).

[0241] The sealing part includes a curable resin. The sealing part may include a thermosetting resin and / or a photocurable resin.

[0242] Examples of the thermosetting resin may include epoxy resins, melamine resins, urea resins, or unsaturated polyester resins, etc. Also, examples of the epoxy resin may include phenol novolac epoxy resins, cresol novolac epoxy resins, biphenyl novolac epoxy resins, trisphenol novolac epoxy resins, dicyclopentadiene novolac epoxy resins, bisphenol A epoxy resins, bisphenol F epoxy resins, 2,2'-diallyl bisphenol A epoxy resins, bisphenol S epoxy resins, hydrogenated bisphenol A epoxy resins, propylene oxide addition bisphenol A epoxy resins, biphenyl epoxy resins, naphthalene epoxy resins, resorcinol epoxy resins, or glycidylamines, etc.

[0243] In addition, the sealing part may further include a thermosetting agent, which may include hydrazide compounds such as 1,3-bis[hydrazinocarbonylethyl-5-isopropylhydantoin] and adipic acid dihydrazide; dicyandiamide, guanidine derivatives, 1-cyanoethyl-2-phenylimidazole, N-[2-(2-methyl-1-imidazolyl)ethyl]urea, 2,4-diamino-6-[2'-methylimidazole (1')]-ethyl-s-thiazine, N,N'-bis(2-methyl-1-imidazoethyl)urea, N,N'-(2-methyl-1-imidazoethyl)-azamide, 2-phenyl-4-methyl-5-hydroxymethylimidazole, 2-imidazoline-2-thiol, 2,2'-thiodiethanethiol, and various amines and epoxy resins.

[0244] The first sealing portion may include a photocurable resin. Examples of the photocurable resin may include acrylic resins such as urethane acrylate, etc. In addition, the sealing portion may further include a photocurable initiator. The photocurable initiator may be at least one selected from the group consisting of acetophenone compounds, benzophenone compounds, thioxanthone compounds, benzoin compounds, triazine compounds, and oxime compounds.

[0245] Furthermore, the sealing portion may further include a moisture absorbent such as zeolite and / or silicon dioxide. Furthermore, the sealing portion may further include an inorganic filler. The inorganic filler may be a material having high insulation, transparency and durability. Examples of the inorganic filler may include silicon, aluminum, zirconium oxide or a mixture thereof.

[0246] Furthermore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may further include a first bus bar (not shown) and a second bus bar (not shown).

[0247] The first bus bar may be disposed on the first transparent electrode 300. The first bus bar may be connected to the first transparent electrode 300.

[0248] The first bus bar may be electrically connected to the first transparent electrode 300. The first bus bar may be in direct contact with the upper surface of the first transparent electrode 300. The first bus bar may be connected to the first transparent electrode 300 by welding.

[0249] The second bus bar is disposed below the second transparent electrode 400 and is connected to the second transparent electrode 400 .

[0250] The second bus bar may be electrically connected to the second transparent electrode 400. The second bus bar may be in direct contact with the lower surface of the second transparent electrode 400. The second bus bar may be connected to the second transparent electrode 400 by welding.

[0251] The first busbar and / or the second busbar may include metal. The first busbar and / or the second busbar may include metal strip. The first busbar and / or the second busbar may include conductive paste. The first busbar and / or the second busbar may include an adhesive and a conductive filler.

[0252] The electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be prepared by the following method. Figures 2 to 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a process of preparing an electrochromic device according to an embodiment.

[0253] refer to Figure 2 , forming a first transparent electrode 300 on the first substrate 100. The first transparent electrode 300 may be formed by a vacuum deposition process. The first transparent electrode 300 may be formed by depositing a metal oxide such as indium tin oxide on the first substrate 100 by a sputtering process or the like.

[0254] The first transparent electrode 300 may be formed by a coating process, may be formed by coating metal nanowires and an adhesive on the first substrate 100 , or may be formed by coating a conductive polymer on the first substrate 100 .

[0255] Furthermore, the first transparent electrode 300 may be formed by a patterning process. A metal layer may be formed on the first substrate 100 by a sputtering process or the like, and the metal layer may be patterned, so that the first transparent electrode 300 layer including a metal mesh may be formed on the first substrate 100 .

[0256] Then, a first color-changing layer 500 is formed on the first transparent electrode 300 layer. The first color-changing layer 500 can be formed by a sol-gel coating process. A first sol solution containing a first electrochromic substance, a binder, and a solvent can be coated on the first transparent electrode 300 layer. A sol-gel reaction can occur in the coated first sol solution, and the first color-changing layer 500 can be formed.

[0257] The first sol solution may include about 5 wt % to about 30 wt % of the first electrochromic substance in particle form, based on the total weight of the solution. The first sol solution may include about 0.5 wt % to about 5 wt % of the binder, based on the total weight of the solution. The first sol solution may include about 70 wt % to about 95 wt % of the solvent, based on the total weight of the solution.

[0258] The first sol solution may further include a dispersant.

[0259] The solvent may be at least one selected from the group consisting of alcohols, ethers, ketones, esters and aromatic hydrocarbons. The solvent may be at least one selected from the group consisting of ethanol, propanol, butanol, hexanol, cyclohexanol, diacetone alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, glycerol, diethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, acetylacetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, acetoacetate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate and isobutyl acetate.

[0260] As described above, the binder may be an inorganic binder.

[0261] refer to Figure 3 , forming a photoelectron reducing layer 800 on the first color-changing layer 500. Preparing a third sol solution to form the photoelectron reducing layer 800.

[0262] The sol solution includes an electron accommodating material, a binder and a solvent.

[0263] The third sol solution may include about 5 wt % to about 30 wt % of the electron accommodating material in particle form based on the total weight of the solution. The third sol solution may include about 0.5 wt % to about 5 wt % of the binder based on the total weight of the solution. The third sol solution may include about 70 wt % to about 95 wt % of the solvent based on the total weight of the solution.

[0264] The third sol solution may further include a dispersant.

[0265] The solvent may be at least one selected from the group consisting of alcohols, ethers, ketones, esters and aromatic hydrocarbons. The solvent may be at least one selected from the group consisting of ethanol, propanol, butanol, hexanol, cyclohexanol, diacetone alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, glycerol, diethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, acetylacetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, acetoacetate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate and isobutyl acetate.

[0266] The third sol solution is coated on the first color-changing layer 500. A sol-gel reaction occurs in the third sol solution coated on the first color-changing layer 500. Thus, the photoelectron accommodating layer is formed on the first color-changing layer 500.

[0267] Then, an electrolyte composition for forming the electrolyte layer 700 is formed.

[0268] The electrolyte composition may include a metal salt, an electrolyte, a photocurable resin, and a photocurable initiator. The photocurable resin may be at least one selected from the group consisting of hexandiol diacrylate (HDDA), tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA), ethylene glycol diacrylate (EGDA), trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), trimethylolpropaneethoxylated triacrylate (TMPEOTA), glycerol propoxylated triacrylate (GPTA), pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PETA), and dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (DPHA).

[0269] The metal salt, the electrolyte, and the photocuring initiator may be as described above.

[0270] The electrolyte composition is coated on the photoelectron reduction layer 800. Thus, an electrolyte composition layer 701 is formed on the photoelectron reduction layer 800.

[0271] refer to Figure 4 , a second transparent electrode 400 is formed on the second substrate 200 .

[0272] The second transparent electrode 400 may be formed by a vacuum deposition process or by depositing a metal oxide such as indium tin oxide on the second substrate 200 by a sputtering process.

[0273] The second transparent electrode 400 may be formed by a coating process, may be formed by coating metal nanowires and an adhesive on the second substrate 200 , or may be formed by coating a conductive polymer on the second substrate 200 .

[0274] Furthermore, the second transparent electrode 400 may be formed by a patterning process. A metal layer may be formed on the second substrate 200 by a sputtering process or the like, and the metal layer may be patterned, so that the second transparent electrode 400 layer including a metal mesh may be formed on the second substrate 200 .

[0275] Then, a second color-changing layer 600 is formed on the second transparent electrode 400 layer. The second color-changing layer 600 can be formed by a sol-gel coating process. A second sol solution containing a second electrochromic substance, a binder, and a solvent can be coated on the second transparent electrode 400 layer. A sol-gel reaction can occur in the coated second sol solution, and the second color-changing layer 600 can be formed.

[0276] The second sol solution may include about 5 wt % to about 30 wt % of the second color-changing substance in the form of particles, based on the total weight of the solution. The second sol solution may include about 0.5 wt % to about 5 wt % of the binder, based on the total weight of the solution. The second sol solution may include about 70 wt % to about 95 wt % of the solvent, based on the total weight of the solution.

[0277] The second sol solution may further include a dispersant.

[0278] refer to Figure 5 , the second substrate 200, the second transparent electrode 400 and the second color-changing layer 600 are stacked on the coated electrolyte composition layer 701. In this case, the second color-changing layer 600 is in direct contact with the coated electrolyte composition layer 701.

[0279] Then, the coated electrolyte composition layer 701 is cured by light, and a first laminate including the first substrate 100, the first transparent electrode 300, and the first color-changing layer 500 and a second laminate including the second substrate 200, the second transparent electrode 400, and the second color-changing layer 600 may be laminated to each other. That is, the first laminate and the second laminate may be bonded to each other through the electrolyte layer 700.

[0280] Furthermore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have a light transmittance, wherein the light transmittance may refer to the light transmittance of the electrochromic device when no electrochromism occurs, and the light transmittance may refer to the total light transmittance.

[0281] The light transmittance of the electrochromic device may be about 50% to about 90%. The light transmittance of the electrochromic device may be about 55% to about 88%. The light transmittance of the electrochromic device may be about 68% to about 86%.

[0282] The electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have a light transmittance change rate, which is a change rate of light transmittance after exposure to simulated sunlight relative to an initial light transmittance.

[0283] The light transmittance change rate can be measured by the following measurement method 1.

[0284] Determination method 1:

[0285] 1) measuring a first light transmittance of the electrochromic device before irradiating the simulated sunlight.

[0286] 2) The intensity of irradiation to the electrochromic part 11 through the first substrate 100 is about 1000 W / m 2 The simulated sunlight is applied for 10 minutes.

[0287] 3) measuring a second light transmittance of the electrochromic device after irradiating the simulated sunlight.

[0288] 4) The light transmittance change rate is a value obtained by dividing the difference between the first light transmittance and the second light transmittance by the first light transmittance.

[0289] The light transmittance change rate (ΔTR) can be expressed by the following formula 1.

[0290] Formula 1:

[0291] △TR=(T1-T2) / T1

[0292] Wherein, T1 is the initial light transmittance of the electrochromic device, and T2 is the intensity of irradiation from the first substrate 100 to the first color-changing layer 500 of about 1000 W / m 2 The light transmittance of the electrochromic device after 10 minutes of simulated sunlight.

[0293] The simulated sunlight may be artificial light having a spectrum similar to that of sunlight. The simulated sunlight may be realized by a solar simulator.

[0294] The light transmittance change rate of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be less than about 0.25. The light transmittance change rate of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be 0 to about 0.30. The light transmittance change rate of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be 0 to about 0.25. The light transmittance change rate of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be about 0.01 to about 0.20. The light transmittance change rate of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be about 0.02 to about 0.18. The light transmittance change rate of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be about 0.03 to about 0.15.

[0295] The light transmittance of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be about 45% to about 90%. The light transmittance of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be about 50% to about 85%. The light transmittance of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be about 60% to about 80%.

[0296] The light transmittance after irradiating the simulated sunlight to the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be about 40% to about 80%. The light transmittance after irradiating the simulated sunlight to the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be about 45% to about 80%. The light transmittance after irradiating the simulated sunlight to the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be about 50% to about 70%.

[0297] The electrochromic device according to the embodiment has the light transmittance change rate as described above. Therefore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can reduce the change in transmittance caused by external sunlight or the like.

[0298] That is, since the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can reduce transmittance deviation due to external sunlight, it is possible to easily control the target transmittance when turned on and off.

[0299] The electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have haze.

[0300] The haze may refer to the haze of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment in a state where photochromism or electrochromism does not occur.

[0301] The haze of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be less than about 5%. The haze of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be less than about 4%. The haze of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be less than about 3%. The haze of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be less than about 2%.

[0302] The electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have a haze change.

[0303] The haze change can be measured by the following measurement method 2.

[0304] Determination method 2:

[0305] The first haze of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment is measured before irradiating the simulated sunlight, and the second haze of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment is measured after irradiating the simulated sunlight, and the haze change is a value obtained by subtracting the first haze from the second haze.

[0306] The haze change of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be less than 5.5%. The haze change of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be less than 5%. The haze change of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be less than 4%. The haze change of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be less than 3%. The haze change of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be less than 2%.

[0307] In the electrochromic device according to the embodiment, the haze after irradiation of the simulated sunlight may be less than about 6%. In the electrochromic device according to the embodiment, the haze after irradiation of the simulated sunlight may be less than about 5%. In the electrochromic device according to the embodiment, the haze after irradiation of the simulated sunlight may be less than about 4%. In the electrochromic device according to the embodiment, the haze after irradiation of the simulated sunlight may be less than about 3%.

[0308] The light transmittance may be a total light transmittance. The total light transmittance may be a light transmittance within a wavelength range of about 380 nm to about 780 nm.

[0309] The light transmittance and the haze may be measured according to ASTM D1003.

[0310] The electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have L*, a*, and b*.

[0311] The L* of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be about 70 to about 100. The L* of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be about 80 to about 100. The L* of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be about 91 to about 100. The L* may be measured in a state where the electrochromic device according to the embodiment does not undergo photochromism and / or electrochromism.

[0312] The electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have a change in L*.

[0313] The L* change can be measured by the following measurement method 3.

[0314] Determination method 3:

[0315] The first L* of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment is measured before irradiating the simulated sunlight, and the second L* of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment is measured after irradiating the simulated sunlight, and the L* change is the absolute value of the value obtained by subtracting the first L* from the second L*.

[0316] The L* change can be expressed by the following formula 2.

[0317] Formula 2:

[0318] L* change = |Second L* - First L* |

[0319] The L* variation of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be less than 7. The L* variation of the electrochromic device may be less than 6. The L* variation of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be less than 5. The L* variation of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be less than 4.

[0320] In the electrochromic device according to the embodiment, L* after irradiation of the simulated sunlight may be about 70 to about 95. In the electrochromic device according to the embodiment, L* after irradiation of the simulated sunlight may be about 76 to about 94.

[0321] The a* of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be -3 to 2. The a* of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be -2.5 to 1.5. The a* of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be -2 to 1. The a* may be measured in a state where the electrochromic device according to the embodiment does not undergo photochromism and / or electrochromism.

[0322] The electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have a* variation.

[0323] The a* change can be measured by the following measurement method 4.

[0324] Determination method 4:

[0325] The first a* of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment is measured before irradiating the simulated sunlight, and the second a* of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment is measured after irradiating the simulated sunlight, and the a* change is a value obtained by subtracting the first a* from the second a*.

[0326] The change in a* of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can be expressed by the following Formula 3.

[0327] Formula 3:

[0328] a* change = | second a* - first a* |

[0329] The a* variation of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be less than 6. The a* variation of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be less than 5. The a* variation of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be less than 2. The a* variation of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be less than 3. The a* variation of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be less than 1.8. The a* variation of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be less than 1.6. The a* variation of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be less than 1.5.

[0330] In the electrochromic device according to the embodiment, a* after irradiating the simulated sunlight may be about -5 to about 0. In the electrochromic device according to the embodiment, a* after irradiating the simulated sunlight may be about -4.5 to about 0.

[0331] The b* of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be 0 to 4. The b* of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be 0.1 to 3.5. The b* of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be 0.5 to 3. The b* may be measured in a state where the electrochromic device according to the embodiment does not undergo photochromism and / or electrochromism.

[0332] The electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have a b* change.

[0333] The b* change can be measured by the following measurement method 5.

[0334] Determination method 5:

[0335] The first b* of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment is measured before irradiating the simulated sunlight, and the second b* of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment is measured after irradiating the simulated sunlight, and the b* change is a value obtained by subtracting the first b* from the second b*.

[0336] The b* change can be calculated by the following formula 4.

[0337] Formula 4:

[0338] b* change = | second b* - first b* |

[0339] The b* change of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be less than 10. The b* change of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be less than 8. The b* change of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be less than 7. The b* change of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be less than 2.8. The b* change of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be less than 2.6. The b* change of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be less than 2.5.

[0340] The b* after irradiating the simulated sunlight to the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be about -5 to about 3. The b* after irradiating the simulated sunlight to the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be about -4.5 to about 2.

[0341] The L*, a*, and b* can be measured using a colorimeter.

[0342] The electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have the haze change as described above. Also, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have the L* change, the a* change, and the b* change.

[0343] Therefore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can reduce the change in appearance caused by external sunlight. Therefore, even if the external environment changes, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can have a constant appearance.

[0344] Also, since the electrochromic device according to the embodiment includes the electron accommodating substance, it can have a buffering effect on external light and driving voltage. Therefore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can have improved durability.

[0345] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view showing an electrochromic device according to another embodiment.

[0346] refer to Figure 6 The photoelectron reducing layer may be formed as a whole with the first color changing layer 501. The first color changing layer 501 may contain the electron accommodating substance.

[0347] The first color-changing layer 501 is disposed on the first transparent electrode 300. The first color-changing layer 501 may be directly disposed on the upper surface of the first transparent electrode 300. The first color-changing layer 501 may be directly electrically connected to the first transparent electrode 300.

[0348] The first color-changing layer 501 is electrically connected to the first transparent electrode 300. The first color-changing layer 501 may be directly connected to the first transparent electrode 300. Furthermore, the first color-changing layer 501 is electrically connected to the electrolyte layer 700. The first color-changing layer 501 may be electrically connected to the electrolyte layer 700.

[0349] The first color-changing layer 501 may change color by receiving electrons. The first color-changing layer 501 may include a first electrochromic substance that changes color by receiving electrons. The first electrochromic substance may include at least one selected from the group consisting of tungsten oxide, niobium pentoxide, vanadium pentoxide, titanium oxide, molybdenum oxide, viologen, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene); PEDOT.

[0350] The first color-changing layer 501 may include the first electrochromic substance in the form of particles. The tungsten oxide, niobium pentoxide, vanadium pentoxide, titanium oxide and molybdenum oxide may be particles having an average particle size of about 1 nm to about 200 nm. The average particle size of the first electrochromic substance may be about 5 nm to about 100 nm. The average particle size of the first electrochromic substance may be about 10 nm to about 50 nm.

[0351] The first color-changing layer 501 may include about 70 wt % to about 98 wt % of the first electrochromic substance based on the total weight of the first color-changing layer 501. The first color-changing layer 501 may include about 80 wt % to about 96 wt % of the first electrochromic substance based on the total weight of the first color-changing layer 501. The first color-changing layer 501 may include about 85 wt % to about 94 wt % of the first electrochromic substance based on the total weight of the first color-changing layer 501.

[0352] Since the first color-changing layer 501 includes the first electrochromic substance having the average particle size and the weight range, the first stacked body and the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have improved optical characteristics and electrochromic characteristics.

[0353] Furthermore, the first color-changing layer 501 may further include an adhesive. The adhesive may be an inorganic adhesive. The adhesive may include silica gel. The adhesive may be formed by silica sol including tetramethoxysilane or methyltrimethoxysilane.

[0354] The first color-changing layer 501 may include about 1 wt% to 20 wt% of the binder based on the total weight of the first color-changing layer 501. The first color-changing layer 501 may include about 5 wt% to 15 wt% of the binder based on the total weight of the first color-changing layer 501. The first color-changing layer 501 may include about 7 wt% to 13 wt% of the binder based on the total weight of the first color-changing layer 501.

[0355] The first electrochromic layer 501 further includes an electron accommodating substance that can accommodate electrons generated from the first electrochromic substance.

[0356] The electron accommodating substance may include at least one selected from the group consisting of carbon black, carbon nanotubes, and graphene.

[0357] The first color-changing layer 501 may contain the electron-accommodating substance in the form of particles. The average particle size of the electron-accommodating substance may be about 1 nm to about 200 nm. The average particle size of the electron-accommodating substance may be about 5 nm to about 100 nm. The average particle size of the electron-accommodating substance may be about 10 nm to about 50 nm.

[0358] The average particle size of the first electrochromic substance and the electron accommodating substance may be measured by a dynamic light scattering method. In addition, the average particle size of the first electrochromic substance and the electron accommodating substance may be a D50 average particle size.

[0359] The nitrogen adsorption surface area of ​​the electron accommodating material may be about 50 m 2 / g to about 200m2 / g. The nitrogen adsorption surface area of ​​the electron accommodating material may be about 70m 2 / g to about 150m 2 The nitrogen adsorption surface area may be a specific surface area calculated by a low temperature nitrogen adsorption method (JIS K6217).

[0360] The tinting power of the electron accommodating substance may be about 100% to about 150%. The tinting power of the electron accommodating substance may be measured according to JIS K6217.

[0361] The oil absorption of the electron-accommodating material may be about 50 cm 3 / 100g to about 150cm 3 The oil absorption of the electron accommodating material can be measured in accordance with JIS K6221.

[0362] The acid value (pH value) of the electron accommodating material may be about 3.0 to about 4.0. The acid value of the electron accommodating material may be measured by mixing the electron accommodating material with distilled water using a glass electrode pH meter.

[0363] The first color-changing layer 501 may contain about 0.5 wt% to 7 wt% of the electron-accommodating substance based on the total weight of the first color-changing layer 501. The first color-changing layer 501 may contain about 0.7 wt% to 5 wt% of the electron-accommodating substance based on the total weight of the first color-changing layer 501. The first color-changing layer 501 may contain about 0.8 wt% to 3 wt% of the electron-accommodating substance based on the total weight of the first color-changing layer 501.

[0364] Since the first color-changing layer 501 includes the electron accommodating substance having the average particle size and the weight range, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have improved optical characteristics and electrochromic characteristics.

[0365] The weight ratio of the first electrochromic substance to the electron accommodating substance contained in the first color-changing layer 501 may be about 20: 1 to about 5: 1. The weight ratio of the first electrochromic substance to the electron accommodating substance contained in the first color-changing layer 501 may be about 15: 1 to about 8: 1. The weight ratio of the first electrochromic substance to the electron accommodating substance contained in the first color-changing layer 501 may be about 13: 1 to about 7: 1.

[0366] Furthermore, the ratio of the average particle size of the first electrochromic substance to the average particle size of the electron accommodating substance may be about 0.7:1 to about 1.5:1. The ratio of the average particle size of the first electrochromic substance to the average particle size of the electron accommodating substance may be about 0.8:1 to about 1.4:1.

[0367] Since the first electrochromic substance and the electron accommodating substance have the weight ratio as described above and the average particle diameter ratio as described above, the first stacked body and the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have improved optical characteristics and electrochromic characteristics.

[0368] The electron accommodating substance may have a smaller band gap than the first electrochromic substance.

[0369] The band gap of the first electrochromic substance may be about 2.0 eV to about 3.5 eV. The band gap of the first electrochromic substance may be about 2.2 eV to about 3.2 eV. The band gap of the first electrochromic substance may be about 2.3 eV to about 3.0 eV.

[0370] The band gap of the electron accommodating substance may be about 1.0 eV to about 3.0 eV. The band gap of the electron accommodating substance may be about 1.5 eV to about 2.6 eV. The band gap of the electron accommodating substance may be about 1.8 eV to about 2.4 eV.

[0371] The difference between the conduction band of the first electrochromic substance and the conduction band of the electron accommodating substance may be about 0.5 eV or less. The difference between the conduction band of the first electrochromic substance and the conduction band of the electron accommodating substance may be about 0.4 eV or less. The difference between the conduction band of the first electrochromic substance and the conduction band of the electron accommodating substance may be about 0.3 eV or less.

[0372] When external light such as sunlight irradiates the first color-changing layer 501, the first electrochromic substance may be excited, and the first electrochromic substance may undergo photochromism. In this case, since the electron-accommodating substance is disposed around the first electrochromic substance, excited electrons of the first electrochromic substance may be transferred to the electron-accommodating substance. Therefore, the electron-accommodating substance may suppress the photochromism of the first electrochromic substance.

[0373] The electrons transferred to the electron accommodating substance may be transferred to the first transparent electrode 300 or the like.

[0374] The electrochromic device according to the embodiment has a light transmittance variation rate of less than 0.25. Therefore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can reduce the variation of transmittance caused by the external environment such as external sunlight.

[0375] That is, since the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can reduce transmittance deviation due to external sunlight, it is possible to easily control the target transmittance when turned on and off.

[0376] Furthermore, since the electrochromic device according to the embodiment includes the first stack and the first color-changing layer with small haze changes, L* changes, a* changes, and b* changes, the appearance change due to external sunlight may be small. Therefore, even if the external environment changes, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can have a constant appearance.

[0377] Also, since the electrochromic device according to the embodiment includes the electron accommodating substance, it may have a buffering effect on external light and / or driving voltage. Therefore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have improved durability.

[0378] In particular, since the electrochromic device according to the embodiment reduces the transmittance change to external light and reduces the appearance deviation, it can be driven by a constant driving voltage. Therefore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can reduce the driving voltage deviation and can have improved durability.

[0379] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section of an electrochromic device according to another embodiment. The description of this embodiment can refer to the description of the above embodiment. That is, except for the changed parts, the description of the above embodiment can basically be combined with the description of this embodiment.

[0380] refer to Figure 7 The electrochromic device according to the embodiment includes a first stacked body 12 and a second stacked body 13. The second stacked body 13 is disposed on the first stacked body 12. The second stacked body 13 is laminated to the first stacked body 12.

[0381] The first stacked body 12 includes a first substrate 100 , a first transparent electrode 300 , and a first color-changing layer 500 . The second stacked body 13 includes a second substrate 200 , a second transparent electrode 400 , a second color-changing layer 600 , and an electrolyte layer 700 .

[0382] The first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 together support the first transparent electrode 300 , the first color-changing layer 500 , the second color-changing layer 600 , the second transparent electrode 400 , and the electrolyte layer 700 .

[0383] The second substrate 200 is opposite to the first substrate 100. The second substrate 200 is disposed on the first substrate 100. One end of the second substrate 200 may be disposed to be offset from one end of the first substrate 100. The other end of the second substrate 200 may be disposed to be offset from the other end of the first substrate 100.

[0384] The second substrate 200 supports the first transparent electrode 300 , the first color-changing layer 500 , the second color-changing layer 600 , the second transparent electrode 400 , and the electrolyte layer 700 together with the first substrate 100 .

[0385] The first transparent electrode 300 is disposed on the first substrate 100. The first transparent electrode 300 may be formed on the first substrate 100 by deposition. In addition, a hard coating layer may be further included between the first transparent electrode 300 and the first substrate 100.

[0386] The second transparent electrode 400 is disposed below the second substrate 200. The second transparent electrode 400 may be formed on the second substrate 200 by deposition. In addition, a hard coating layer may be further included between the second transparent electrode 400 and the second substrate 200.

[0387] The first color-changing layer 500 is disposed on the first transparent electrode 300. The first color-changing layer 500 may be directly disposed on the upper surface of the first transparent electrode 300. The first color-changing layer 500 may be directly electrically connected to the first transparent electrode 300.

[0388] The first color-changing layer 500 is electrically connected to the first transparent electrode 300. The first color-changing layer 500 may be directly connected to the first transparent electrode 300. Furthermore, the first color-changing layer 500 is electrically connected to the electrolyte layer 700. The first color-changing layer 500 may be electrically connected to the electrolyte layer 700.

[0389] The first color-changing layer 500 may include the first electrochromic substance in the form of particles. The tungsten oxide, niobium pentoxide, vanadium pentoxide, titanium oxide and molybdenum oxide may be particles having a particle size of about 1 nm to about 200 nm. That is, the diameter of the first electrochromic particles included in the first color-changing layer 500 may be about 2 nm to about 150 nm. The diameter of the first electrochromic particles included in the first color-changing layer 500 may be about 5 nm to about 100 nm. The diameter of the first electrochromic particles included in the first color-changing layer 500 may be about 10 nm to about 50 nm.

[0390] The first color-changing layer 500 may change color by receiving electrons. The first color-changing layer 500 may include a first electrochromic substance that changes color by receiving electrons. The first electrochromic substance may include at least one selected from the group consisting of tungsten oxide, niobium pentoxide, vanadium pentoxide, titanium oxide, molybdenum oxide, viologen, or poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene).

[0391] The first electrochromic substance may include at least one selected from the group consisting of tungsten oxide, niobium pentoxide, vanadium pentoxide, titanium oxide, and molybdenum oxide.

[0392] The first electrochromic substance may include tungsten oxide.

[0393] The first electrochromic substance may contain a dopant.

[0394] The dopant may be at least one selected from the group consisting of aluminum, iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, silicon, copper, manganese, lead, bismuth, antimony, tin, chromium, and cobalt.

[0395] The dopant may be included in the first electrochromic substance in an amount of about 0.1 ppm to about 2000 ppm based on the weight of the first electrochromic substance. The dopant may be included in the first electrochromic substance in an amount of about 1 ppm to about 1000 ppm based on the weight of the first electrochromic substance. The dopant may be included in the first electrochromic substance in an amount of about 1 ppm to about 500 ppm based on the weight of the first electrochromic substance.

[0396] The first electrochromic substance may contain about 0.1 ppm to about 200 ppm of iron based on the total weight. The first electrochromic substance may contain about 0.1 ppm to about 100 ppm of iron based on the total weight.

[0397] The first electrochromic substance may contain about 0.1 ppm to about 200 ppm of silicon element based on the total weight. The first electrochromic substance may contain about 0.1 ppm to about 100 ppm of silicon element based on the total weight.

[0398] The first electrochromic substance may include about 0.1 ppm to about 200 ppm of copper based on the total weight. The first electrochromic substance may include about 0.1 ppm to about 100 ppm of copper based on the total weight.

[0399] The first electrochromic substance may be represented by the following Chemical Formula 1.

[0400] Chemical formula 1:

[0401] M x W y O z

[0402] Wherein, M may be at least one selected from the group consisting of aluminum, iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, silicon, copper, manganese, lead, bismuth, antimony, tin, chromium and cobalt, x may be 0.0000001 to 0.0001, y may be 0.9999 to 1.0001, and z may be 0.9997 to 1.0003.

[0403] Since the first electrochromic substance includes the dopant in the above range, it can have improved electrochromic characteristics. Also, since the first electrochromic substance includes the dopant in the above range, it can have improved long-term durability. Also, since the first electrochromic substance includes the dopant in the above range, it can have improved light resistance.

[0404] The tungsten oxide represented by the chemical formula 1 can be prepared by the following method: It can be prepared by subjecting scheelite (CaWO4) concentrate to tungsten extraction and deodorization processes by solvent extraction and crystallization into ammonium paratungstate (APT, 5(NH4)2O.2WO3) and then decomposing it.

[0405] And, the tungsten oxide represented by the chemical formula 1 may be prepared by the following method.

[0406] The method for preparing tungsten oxide may include the following steps: controlling the pH value of a mixture of tungsten concentrate and an inorganic acid to be below 4 and preparing tungstic acid (H2WO4); and heat-treating the prepared tungstic acid at a temperature of about 350°C to about 650°C.

[0407] Furthermore, according to the requirements, the prepared tungstic acid may also be filtered to remove impurities (S30). In the filtering step, calcium chloride may be removed.

[0408] Furthermore, in the process of preparing the tungstic acid, a metal component for forming the dopant may be added to the inorganic acid.

[0409] Therefore, it is possible to prepare tungsten oxide represented by the chemical formula 1. In order to implement the method for preparing tungsten oxide, Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2016-0101297 may be combined with the present embodiment.

[0410] The first color-changing layer 500 may include about 70 wt % to about 98 wt % of the first electrochromic substance based on the total weight of the first color-changing layer 500. The first color-changing layer 500 may include about 80 wt % to about 96 wt % of the first electrochromic substance based on the total weight of the first color-changing layer 500. The first color-changing layer 500 may include about 85 wt % to about 94 wt % of the first electrochromic substance based on the total weight of the first color-changing layer 500.

[0411] Furthermore, the first color-changing layer 500 may further include an adhesive. The adhesive may be an inorganic adhesive. The adhesive may include silica gel. The adhesive may be formed by silica sol including tetramethoxysilane or methyltrimethoxysilane.

[0412] The first color-changing layer 500 may include about 1 wt % to 20 wt % of the binder based on the total weight of the first color-changing layer 500. The first color-changing layer 500 may include about 2 wt % to 15 wt % of the binder based on the total weight of the first color-changing layer 500. The first color-changing layer 500 may include about 3 wt % to 10 wt % of the binder based on the total weight of the first color-changing layer 500.

[0413] The first electrochromic layer 500 further includes an electron accommodating substance that can accommodate electrons generated from the first electrochromic substance.

[0414] The electron accommodating substance may include at least one selected from the group consisting of carbon black, carbon nanotubes, and graphene.

[0415] The first color-changing layer 500 may include the electron-accommodating substance in the form of particles. The average particle size of the electron-accommodating substance may be about 1 nm to about 200 nm. The average particle size of the electron-accommodating substance may be about 5 nm to about 100 nm. The average particle size of the electron-accommodating substance may be about 10 nm to about 50 nm.

[0416] The average particle size of the first electrochromic substance and the electron accommodating substance may be measured by a dynamic light scattering method. In addition, the average particle size of the first electrochromic substance and the electron accommodating substance may be a D50 average particle size.

[0417] The nitrogen adsorption surface area of ​​the electron accommodating material may be about 50 m 2 / g to about 200m 2 / g. The nitrogen adsorption surface area of ​​the electron accommodating material may be about 70m 2 / g to about 150m 2The nitrogen adsorption surface area may be a specific surface area calculated by a low temperature nitrogen adsorption method (JIS K6217).

[0418] The tinting power of the electron accommodating substance may be about 100% to about 150%. The tinting power of the electron accommodating substance may be measured according to JIS K6217.

[0419] The oil absorption of the electron-accommodating material may be about 50 cm 3 / 100g to about 150cm 3 The oil absorption of the electron accommodating material can be measured in accordance with JIS K6221.

[0420] The acid value (pH value) of the electron accommodating material may be about 3.0 to about 4.0. The acid value of the electron accommodating material may be measured by mixing the electron accommodating material with distilled water using a glass electrode pH meter.

[0421] The first color-changing layer 500 may contain about 0.5 wt % to 7 wt % of the electron-accommodating substance based on the total weight of the first color-changing layer 500. The first color-changing layer 500 may contain about 0.7 wt % to 5 wt % of the electron-accommodating substance based on the total weight of the first color-changing layer 500. The first color-changing layer 500 may contain about 0.8 wt % to 3 wt % of the electron-accommodating substance based on the total weight of the first color-changing layer 500.

[0422] Since the first color-changing layer 500 includes the electron accommodating substance having the average particle size and the weight range, the first stacked body 12 and the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have improved optical characteristics and electrochromic characteristics.

[0423] The weight ratio of the first electrochromic substance to the electron accommodating substance contained in the first color-changing layer 500 may be about 20: 1 to about 5: 1. The weight ratio of the first electrochromic substance to the electron accommodating substance contained in the first color-changing layer 500 may be about 15: 1 to about 8: 1. The weight ratio of the first electrochromic substance to the electron accommodating substance contained in the first color-changing layer 500 may be about 13: 1 to about 7: 1.

[0424] Furthermore, the ratio of the average particle size of the first electrochromic substance to the average particle size of the electron accommodating substance may be about 0.7:1 to about 1.5:1. The ratio of the average particle size of the first electrochromic substance to the average particle size of the electron accommodating substance may be about 0.8:1 to about 1.4:1.

[0425] Since the first electrochromic substance and the electron accommodating substance have the weight ratio as described above and the average particle diameter ratio as described above, the first stacked body 12 and the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have improved optical characteristics and electrochromic characteristics.

[0426] The electron accommodating substance may have a band gap smaller than a band gap of the first electrochromic substance.

[0427] The band gap of the first electrochromic substance may be about 2.0 eV to about 3.5 eV. The band gap of the first electrochromic substance may be about 2.2 eV to about 3.2 eV. The band gap of the first electrochromic substance may be about 2.3 eV to about 3.0 eV.

[0428] The band gap of the electron accommodating substance may be about 1.0 eV to about 3.0 eV. The band gap of the electron accommodating substance may be about 1.5 eV to about 2.6 eV. The band gap of the electron accommodating substance may be about 1.8 eV to about 2.4 eV.

[0429] The difference between the conduction band of the first electrochromic substance and the conduction band of the electron accommodating substance may be about 0.5 eV or less. The difference between the conduction band of the first electrochromic substance and the conduction band of the electron accommodating substance may be about 0.4 eV or less. The difference between the conduction band of the first electrochromic substance and the conduction band of the electron accommodating substance may be about 0.3 eV or less.

[0430] When external light such as sunlight irradiates the first color-changing layer 500, the first electrochromic substance may be excited, and the first electrochromic substance may undergo photochromism. In this case, since the electron-accommodating substance is disposed around the first electrochromic substance, excited electrons of the first electrochromic substance may be transferred to the electron-accommodating substance. Therefore, the electron-accommodating substance may suppress the photochromism of the first electrochromic substance.

[0431] The electrons transferred to the electron accommodating substance may be transferred to the first transparent electrode 300 or the like.

[0432] Since the first color-changing layer 500 includes the electron accommodating substance in the above-described range, it can have improved long-term durability.

[0433] The second color-changing layer 600 is disposed below the second transparent electrode 400. The second color-changing layer 600 may be directly disposed on the lower surface of the second transparent electrode 400. The second color-changing layer 600 may be directly electrically connected to the second transparent electrode 400.

[0434] The second color-changing layer 600 is electrically connected to the second transparent electrode 400. The second color-changing layer 600 may be directly connected to the second transparent electrode 400. Furthermore, the second color-changing layer 600 is electrically connected to the electrolyte layer 700. The second color-changing layer 600 may be electrically connected to the electrolyte layer 700.

[0435] The second color-changing layer 600 may change color by losing electrons. The second color-changing layer 600 may include a second electrochromic material that changes color by losing electrons and oxidizing. The second color-changing layer 600 may include at least one selected from the group consisting of Prussian blue, nickel oxide, and iridium oxide.

[0436] The second color-changing layer 600 may include the second electrochromic substance in the form of particles. The Prussian blue, nickel oxide, and iridium oxide may be particles having a particle size of about 1 nm to about 200 nm. That is, the diameter of the second electrochromic particles included in the second color-changing layer 600 may be about 2 nm to about 150 nm. The diameter of the second electrochromic particles may be about 5 nm to about 100 nm. The diameter of the second electrochromic particles may be about 10 nm to about 50 nm.

[0437] The second color-changing layer 600 may include about 70 wt % to about 98 wt % of the second electrochromic substance based on the total weight of the second color-changing layer 600. The second color-changing layer 600 may include about 80 wt % to about 96 wt % of the second electrochromic substance based on the total weight of the second color-changing layer 600. The second color-changing layer 600 may include about 85 wt % to about 94 wt % of the second electrochromic substance based on the total weight of the second color-changing layer 600.

[0438] Furthermore, the second color-changing layer 600 may further include the adhesive. The adhesive may be an inorganic adhesive. The adhesive may include silica gel. The adhesive may be formed by silica sol including tetramethoxysilane or methyltrimethoxysilane.

[0439] The second color-changing layer 600 may include about 1 wt % to 20 wt % of the binder based on the total weight of the second color-changing layer 600. The second color-changing layer 600 may include about 2 wt % to 15 wt % of the binder based on the total weight of the second color-changing layer 600. The second color-changing layer 600 may include about 3 wt % to 10 wt % of the binder based on the total weight of the second color-changing layer 600.

[0440] The electrolyte layer 700 is disposed on the first color-changing layer 500. Also, the electrolyte layer 700 is disposed below the second color-changing layer 600. The electrolyte layer 700 is disposed between the first color-changing layer 500 and the second color-changing layer 600.

[0441] The electrolyte layer 700 may contain cations that participate in the electrochromic reaction. The cations may include metal ions. The metal ions may be selected from lithium ions (Li + ), sodium ion (Na + ) and potassium ions (K + ) is at least one of the group consisting of. The cation may be a rubidium ion (Rb + ) or cesium ion (Cs + ).

[0442] The electrolyte layer 700 includes a solvent, and the solvent may be at least one selected from the group consisting of acetamide, adiponitrile, sulfolane, and polyethylene glycol.

[0443] The electrolyte layer 700 may include a metal salt. The metal salt may be selected from the group consisting of LiClO4, LiBF4, LiAsF6, LiPF6, LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiB 10 Cl 10 , LiCF3SO3, LiCF3CO2, LiAsF6, LiSbF6, LiAlCl4, CH3SO3Li, CF3SO3Li, (CF3SO2)2Nli and NaClO4.

[0444] Furthermore, the electrolyte layer 700 may include a compound containing Cl or F as a metal salt. The electrolyte layer 700 may include a compound selected from LiClO4, LiBF4, LiAsF6, LiPF6, LiCl, LiB 10 Cl 10 , LiCF3SO3, LiCF3CO2, LiAsF6, LiSbF6, LiAlCl4, CF3SO3Li, (CF3SO2)2NLi and NaClO4.

[0445] The electrolyte layer 700 may include a curable resin composition that can be cured by ultraviolet irradiation or heat. The curable resin composition may be at least one selected from the group consisting of acrylate oligomers, polyethylene glycol oligomers, urethane oligomers, polyester oligomers, polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and polyethylene glycol diacrylate. In addition, the electrolyte layer 700 may include a photocuring initiator and / or a thermal curing initiator.

[0446] In more detail, the electrolyte layer 700 may include a curable resin composition. The curable resin composition may have photocurability and / or thermal curability.

[0447] The curable resin composition may include an acrylate copolymer.

[0448] The acrylic ester copolymer may be at least one selected from the group consisting of urethane acrylate and epoxy acrylate.

[0449] The molecular weight of the urethane acrylate may be about 3000 g / mol to about 50000 g / mol. The molecular weight of the urethane acrylate may be about 5000 g / mol to about 50000 g / mol.

[0450] The urethane acrylate may include ether urethane acrylate.

[0451] The ether-based acrylic urethane may include a first polyol, a diisocyanate, and an acrylic ester. The ether-based acrylic urethane may be formed by reacting the polyether diol, the diisocyanate, and the acrylic ester.

[0452] The ether urethane acrylic acid may include a first polyol having a molecular weight of about 100 g / mol to about 1000 g / mol; a first diisocyanate having a molecular weight of about 100 g / mol to about 1000 g / mol; and a first acrylate having a molecular weight of about 50 g / mol to about 500 g / mol.

[0453] The first polyol may have a molecular weight of about 100 g / mol to about 1000 g / mol. The first polyol may have a molecular weight of about 200 g / mol to about 1000 g / mol. The first polyol may have a molecular weight of about 200 g / mol to about 700 g / mol.

[0454] The first polyol may include a polyether diol.

[0455] The first polyol may include poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol.

[0456] The ether type urethane acrylic acid may include about 60 to about 100 mole parts of the first polyol based on 100 mole parts of the first diisocyanate. The ether type urethane acrylic acid may include about 65 to about 95 mole parts of the first polyol based on 100 mole parts of the first diisocyanate. The ether type urethane acrylic acid may include about 70 to about 90 mole parts of the first polyol based on 100 mole parts of the first diisocyanate.

[0457] The first diisocyanate may have a molecular weight of about 100 g / mol to about 1000 g / mol.

[0458] The first diisocyanate may be one or more selected from the group consisting of isophorone diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, and diphenylmethane diisocyanate.

[0459] The first diisocyanate may be isophorone diisocyanate.

[0460] The first diisocyanate may be contained in the ether type urethane acrylic acid in an amount of about 30 mol % to about 70 mol % based on the total moles of the ether type urethane acrylic acid. The diisocyanate may be contained in the ether type urethane acrylic acid in an amount of about 40 mol % to about 60 mol % based on the total moles of the ether type urethane acrylic acid.

[0461] The first acrylate may have a molecular weight of about 50 g / mol to about 500 g / mol.

[0462] The first acrylate may include monoacrylate.

[0463] The first acrylate may be at least one selected from the group consisting of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, and methacrylate.

[0464] The ether urethane acrylic acid may include about 20 to about 40 molar parts of the first acrylate based on 100 molar parts of the first diisocyanate. The ether urethane acrylic acid may include about 23 to about 37 molar parts of the first acrylate based on 100 molar parts of the first diisocyanate. The ether urethane acrylic acid may include about 25 to about 35 molar parts of the first acrylate based on 100 molar parts of the first diisocyanate.

[0465] The weight average molecular weight of the ether urethane acrylate may be about 1000 g / mol to about 100000 g / mol. The weight average molecular weight of the ether urethane acrylate may be about 2000 g / mol to about 70000 g / mol. The weight average molecular weight of the ether urethane acrylate may be about 5000 g / mol to about 50000 g / mol.

[0466] The ester urethane acrylate may include a second diisocyanate, a second polyol, and a second acrylate.

[0467] The second diisocyanate may include an aliphatic diisocyanate.

[0468] The second diisocyanate may be at least one selected from the group consisting of hexamethylene diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate (H12MDI), and diphenylmethane diisocyanate.

[0469] The second diisocyanate may be included in the ester urethane acrylic acid in an amount of about 20 to about 60 mole percent based on 100 mole percent of the ester urethane acrylic acid. The second diisocyanate may be included in the ester urethane acrylic acid in an amount of about 30 to about 50 mole percent based on 100 mole percent of the ester urethane acrylic acid.

[0470] The second polyol may include polyester diol or polycaprolactone diol.

[0471] The weight average molecular weight of the polycaprolactone diol may be about 100 g / mol to about 1000 g / mol. The weight average molecular weight of the polycaprolactone diol may be about 100 g / mol to about 800 g / mol. The weight average molecular weight of the polycaprolactone diol may be about 200 g / mol to about 800 g / mol.

[0472] The second acrylate may be at least one selected from the group consisting of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, and methacrylate.

[0473] The molecular weight of the ester urethane acrylate may be about 3000 g / mol to about 50000 g / mol. The molecular weight of the ester urethane acrylate may be about 5000 g / mol to about 50000 g / mol.

[0474] The viscosity of the acrylic urethane may be about 10,000 cPs to about 100,000 cPs at a temperature of about 25° C. The viscosity of the acrylic urethane may be about 1,000 cPs to about 8,000 cPs at a temperature of about 60° C.

[0475] The urethane acrylate can be purchased commercially. The urethane acrylate can be at least one selected from the group consisting of Miramer PU210, Miramer PU256, Miramer PU2050, Miramer PU2100, Miramer PU2300C, Miramer PU2560, Miramer PU320, Miramer PU340, Miramer PU3000, Miramer PU3200, Miramer PU3450, Miramer PU5000, Miramer PU610, Miramer MU9500, Miramer MU9800, Miramer SC2154, Miramer SC2404 and Miramer SC2565 from Amerisource.

[0476] The acrylate copolymer may include epoxy acrylate.

[0477] The epoxy acrylate may be formed by reacting an epoxy compound with an acrylate, and a molar ratio of the epoxy compound to the acrylate may be about 1:1.5 to about 1:3.5.

[0478] The epoxy compound may be at least one selected from the group consisting of glycerol diglycidyl ether, bisphenol A epoxy compounds, bisphenol F epoxy compounds, and novolac epoxy compounds.

[0479] The acrylate may be at least one selected from the group consisting of 2-carboxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, and acrylic acid.

[0480] The epoxy acrylate may have a weight average molecular weight of about 200 g / mol to about 3000 g / mol. The epoxy acrylate may have a weight average molecular weight of about 500 g / mol to about 2000 g / mol. The epoxy acrylate may have a weight average molecular weight of about 500 g / mol to about 2000 g / mol.

[0481] The epoxy acrylate may have a viscosity of about 100 cPs to about 5000 cPs at a temperature of about 25° C. The epoxy acrylate may have a viscosity of about 100 cPs to about 5000 cPs at a temperature of about 25° C. The epoxy acrylate may have a viscosity of about 10000 cPs to about 40000 cPs at a temperature of about 25° C.

[0482] And, at a temperature of about 40° C., the epoxy acrylate may have a viscosity of about 3000 cPs to about 8000 cPs.

[0483] And, at a temperature of about 60° C., the epoxy acrylate may have a viscosity of about 200 cPs to about 6000 cPs.

[0484] The epoxy acrylate can be purchased commercially. The epoxy acrylate can be at least one selected from the group consisting of Miramer PE210, Miramer PE250, Miramer SC6300, Miramer SC6400, Miramer PE110H, Miramer PE230, Miramer PE310, Miramer EA2235, Miramer EA2255, Miramer EA2259 and Miramer EA2280 from Miramer.

[0485] The curable resin composition may further include a multifunctional acrylate monomer.

[0486] The multifunctional acrylate monomer may include a difunctional acrylate or a trifunctional acrylate.

[0487] The multifunctional acrylate monomer may contain two or more functional groups. The multifunctional acrylate monomer may be a monomer containing two or more acrylate functional groups. The multifunctional acrylate monomer may be an aliphatic compound containing three acrylates.

[0488] The multifunctional acrylate monomer may be selected from trimethylolpropane triacrylate, trimethylolpropane (ethylene oxide) 3 triacrylate, trimethylolpropane (EO) 6 triacrylate, trimethylolpropane (EO) 9 ...15 Trimethylolpropane(EO) 15 At least one of the group consisting of triacrylate, glycerin (PO) 3 triacrylate and pentaerythritol triacrylate.

[0489] The multifunctional acrylate monomer may have a molecular weight of about 200 to about 800. The multifunctional acrylate monomer may have a molecular weight of about 200 to about 400.

[0490] The multifunctional acrylate monomer may have a viscosity of about 20 cps to about 300 cps at a temperature of about 25°C.

[0491] The multifunctional acrylate monomer may be included in the curable resin composition in an amount of about 5 wt % to about 30 wt % based on the total weight of the curable resin composition. The multifunctional acrylate monomer may be included in the curable resin composition in an amount of about 10 wt % to about 25 wt % based on the total weight of the curable resin composition. The multifunctional acrylate monomer may be included in the curable resin composition in an amount of about 13 wt % to about 23 wt % based on the total weight of the curable resin composition.

[0492] The curable resin composition may include a monofunctional acrylate monomer. The monofunctional acrylate monomer may be a monomer including one acrylate functional group. The monofunctional acrylate monomer may be an aromatic compound including one acrylate functional group.

[0493] The monofunctional acrylate monomer may be selected from the group consisting of caprolactone acrylate, cyclic trimethylolpropane formalacrylate, phenoxy benzyl acrylate, 3,3,5-trimethyl cyclohexyl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, o-phenylphenol EO acrylate, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, biphenylmethyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, and 1,2-dimethyl-1,2-dimethyl-1,2-dimethyl-1,2-dimethyl-1,2-dimethyl-1,2-dimethyl-1,2-dimethyl-1,2-dimethyl-1,2-dimethyl-1,2-dimethyl-1,2-dimethyl-1,2-dimethyl-1,2-dimethyl-1,2-dimethyl-1,2-dimethyl-1,2-dimethyl-1,2-dimethyl-1,2-dimethyl-1,2-dimethyl-1,2-dimethyl-1,2-dimethyl-1,2-dimethyl-1,2-dimethyl-1,2-dimethyl-1 At least one of the group consisting of phenol (EO) acrylate, phenol (EO) acrylate, phenol (EO) 2 acrylate, phenol (EO) 4 acrylate and tetra hydrofurfuryl acrylate.

[0494] Also, the molecular weight of the monofunctional acrylate monomer may be about 150 to about 800. The molecular weight of the monofunctional acrylate monomer may be about 200 to about 400.

[0495] Also, the monofunctional acrylate monomer may have a viscosity of about 10 cps to about 60 cps at a temperature of about 25°C.

[0496] The monofunctional acrylate monomer may be included in the curable resin composition in an amount of about 5 wt % to about 20 wt % based on the weight of the curable resin composition. The monofunctional acrylate monomer may be included in the curable resin composition in an amount of about 5 wt % to about 10 wt % based on the weight of the curable resin composition. The monofunctional acrylate monomer may be included in the curable resin composition in an amount of about 10 wt % to about 15 wt % based on the weight of the curable resin composition.

[0497] The curable resin composition may include an acrylate containing a thermosetting functional group. That is, the acrylate containing a thermosetting functional group may have both thermosetting and photocuring properties.

[0498] The thermosetting acrylate may be at least one selected from the group consisting of urethane acrylate containing a thermosetting functional group, epoxy acrylate containing a thermosetting functional group, ester acrylate containing a thermosetting functional group, and ether acrylate containing a thermosetting functional group.

[0499] The heat curable acrylate may include a carboxyl group. The heat curable acrylate may be at least one selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the following Chemical Formulas 2 to 10.

[0500] Chemical formula 2:

[0501]

[0502] Chemical formula 3:

[0503]

[0504] Chemical formula 4:

[0505]

[0506] Chemical formula 5:

[0507]

[0508] Chemical formula 6:

[0509]

[0510] Chemical formula 7:

[0511] Chemical formula 8:

[0512] Chemical formula 9:

[0513] Chemical formula 10:

[0514] The heat-curable acrylate may be included in the curable resin composition in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 10 wt % based on the total weight of the curable resin composition. The heat-curable acrylate may be included in the curable resin composition in an amount of about 0.5 wt % to about 5 wt % based on the total weight of the curable resin composition. The heat-curable acrylate may be included in the curable resin composition in an amount of about 2 wt % to about 8 wt % based on the total weight of the curable resin composition.

[0515] Since the curable resin composition includes the thermosetting acrylate, when the electrolyte composition including the curable resin composition is applied, the coating layer of the electrolyte composition may be easily pre-cured or semi-cured.

[0516] Therefore, the coating layer of the electrolyte composition can be effectively protected from external physical and chemical impacts.

[0517] The curable resin composition may further include a photocuring initiator.

[0518] The photoinitiator may be one or more selected from the group consisting of benzophenones, thioxanthones, α-hydroxy ketones, ketones, phenyl glyoxylates, and acryl phosphine oxides.

[0519] The photoinitiator may be included in the curable resin composition in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt % based on the total weight of the curable resin composition.

[0520] The photocurable resin composition may include a first photoinitiator and a second photoinitiator that function in different wavelength bands.

[0521] Specifically, the curable resin composition may include a first photoinitiator that functions in a wavelength range of 208 nm to 295 nm and a second photoinitiator that functions in a wavelength range of 320 nm to 395 nm.

[0522] The effective wavelength band of the first photoinitiator may be 208 nm to 275 nm or 208 nm to 245 nm, and the effective wavelength band of the second photoinitiator may be 330 nm to 390 nm or 340 nm to 385 nm.

[0523] As a specific example, the first photoinitiator can be used in the wavelength range of 208nm to 295nm and 100mJ / cm 2Up to 200mJ / cm 2 The second photoinitiator can generate free radicals through the wavelength range of 320nm to 395nm and 500mJ / cm 2 Up to 1000mJ / cm 2 The amount of ultraviolet light decomposes to produce free radicals.

[0524] The first photoinitiator may be, for example, a ketone photoinitiator, and may have one or more aromatic groups or alicyclic groups. Specific examples of the first photoinitiator may include hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone.

[0525] The second photoinitiator may be, for example, a phosphine-based photoinitiator, and may have one or more aromatic groups. A specific example of the second photoinitiator may be 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine.

[0526] Since the curable resin composition includes the first photoinitiator and the second photoinitiator, when the electrolyte composition including the curable resin composition is applied, the coating of the electrolyte composition can be easily pre-cured or semi-cured. That is, ultraviolet rays of a specific wavelength band are used, and the coating of the electrolyte composition can be easily pre-cured or semi-cured.

[0527] Therefore, the coating layer of the electrolyte composition can be effectively protected from external physical and chemical impacts.

[0528] The electrolyte layer 700 may further include an antioxidant.

[0529] The antioxidant may be at least one selected from the group consisting of phenolic antioxidants, sulfur-based antioxidants, amine-based antioxidants, polyimide-based antioxidants, and phosphorus-based antioxidants.

[0530] The antioxidant may be included in the electrolyte layer 700 in an amount of 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt % based on the total weight of the electrolyte layer 700. The antioxidant may be included in the electrolyte layer 700 in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt %.

[0531] Since the electrolyte layer 700 includes the antioxidant, it can be easily protected from external chemical impacts such as oxygen, etc. Therefore, the electrolyte layer 700 can have a constant transmittance even if it is left for a long time.

[0532] The thickness of the electrolyte layer 700 may be about 10 μm to about 200 μm. The thickness of the electrolyte layer 700 may be about 50 μm to about 150 μm.

[0533] The electrolyte layer 700 may have a transmittance in the range of 60% to 95%. Specifically, the transmittance of the electrolyte layer 700 in the wavelength range of 380nm to 780nm, more specifically, in the visible light of 400nm or 550nm, may be in the range of 60% to 95%. The transmittance may be measured using a known haze meter.

[0534] The electrochromic device according to this embodiment can be prepared by the following method. Figures 8 to 11 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a process of preparing an electrochromic device according to this embodiment.

[0535] refer to Figure 8 , forming a first transparent electrode 300 on the first substrate 100. The first transparent electrode 300 may be formed by a vacuum deposition process. The first transparent electrode 300 may be formed by depositing a metal oxide such as indium tin oxide on the first substrate 100 by a sputtering process or the like.

[0536] The first transparent electrode 300 may be formed by a coating process, may be formed by coating metal nanowires and an adhesive on the first substrate 100 , or may be formed by coating a conductive polymer on the first substrate 100 .

[0537] Furthermore, the first transparent electrode 300 may be formed by a patterning process. A metal layer may be formed on the first substrate 100 by a sputtering process or the like, and the metal layer may be patterned, so that the first transparent electrode 300 layer including a metal mesh may be formed on the first substrate 100 .

[0538] Then, a first color-changing layer 500 is formed on the first transparent electrode 300 layer. The first color-changing layer 500 can be formed by a sol-gel coating process. A first sol solution containing a first electrochromic substance, a binder, and a solvent can be coated on the first transparent electrode 300 layer. A sol-gel reaction can occur in the coated first sol solution, and the first color-changing layer 500 can be formed.

[0539] The first sol solution may include about 5 wt % to about 30 wt % of the first color-changing substance in particle form. The first sol solution may include about 5 wt % to about 30 wt % of the binder. The first sol solution may include about 60 wt % to about 90 wt % of the solvent.

[0540] Different from this, a first sol solution including a first electrochromic material, an electron accommodating material, a binder and a solvent may be coated on the first transparent electrode 300. A sol-gel reaction may occur in the coated first sol solution, and the first color-changing layer 500 may be formed.

[0541] Furthermore, the first sol solution may contain about 0.05 wt % to about 5 wt % of the electron accommodating substance based on the total weight of the solid components. The first sol solution may contain about 0.07 wt % to about 3 wt % of the electron accommodating substance based on the total weight of the solid components. The electron accommodating substance is as described above.

[0542] The first sol solution may further include a dispersant.

[0543] The solvent may be at least one selected from the group consisting of alcohols, ethers, ketones, esters and aromatic hydrocarbons. The solvent may be at least one selected from the group consisting of ethanol, propanol, butanol, hexanol, cyclohexanol, diacetone alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, glycerol, diethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, acetylacetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, acetoacetate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate and isobutyl acetate.

[0544] As described above, the binder may be an inorganic binder.

[0545] refer to Fig. 9 , a second transparent electrode 400 is formed on the second substrate 200 .

[0546] The second transparent electrode 400 may be formed by a vacuum deposition process or by depositing a conductive metal oxide such as indium tin oxide on the second substrate 200 by a sputtering process.

[0547] The second transparent electrode 400 may be formed by a coating process, may be formed by coating metal nanowires and an adhesive on the second substrate 200 , or may be formed by coating a conductive polymer on the second substrate 200 .

[0548] Furthermore, the second transparent electrode 400 may be formed by a patterning process. A metal layer may be formed on the second substrate 200 by a sputtering process or the like, and the metal layer may be patterned, so that the second transparent electrode 400 layer including a metal mesh may be formed on the second substrate 200 .

[0549] Then, a second color-changing layer 600 is formed on the second transparent electrode 400. The second color-changing layer 600 can be formed by a sol-gel coating process. A second sol solution containing a second electrochromic substance, a binder, and a solvent can be coated on the second transparent electrode 400. A sol-gel reaction can occur in the coated second sol solution, and the second color-changing layer 600 can be formed.

[0550] The second sol solution may include about 5 wt % to about 30 wt % of the second color-changing substance in particle form. The second sol solution may include about 5 wt % to about 30 wt % of the binder. The second sol solution may include about 60 wt % to about 90 wt % of the solvent.

[0551] The second sol solution may further include a dispersant.

[0552] refer to Fig.10 , an electrolyte composition for forming an electrolyte layer 700 is applied on the second color-changing layer 600. Thus, an electrolyte composition layer 701 is formed on the second color-changing layer 600.

[0553] As described above, the electrolyte composition may include the solvent, the metal salt, and the curable resin composition. In addition, the electrolyte composition may further include additional additives such as the antioxidant.

[0554] Then, a protective layer 900 is formed on the electrolyte composition layer 701. The protective layer 900 may be a polymer film including a release layer. The protective layer 900 may be a polyethylene terephthalate film including the release layer. The protective layer 900 may protect the electrolyte composition layer 701. And, since the protective layer 900 includes the release layer, the protective layer 900 may be easily removed when the electrolyte composition layer 701 is laminated to other layers.

[0555] Then, the electrolyte composition layer 701 may be pre-cured or semi-cured.

[0556] The electrolyte composition layer 701 may be pre-cured or semi-cured by heat. The electrolyte composition layer 701 may be pre-cured or semi-cured at a temperature of about 30° C. to about 60° C. for about 1 minute to about 10 minutes.

[0557] The electrolyte composition layer 701 can be pre-cured or semi-cured by light. The electrolyte composition layer 701 can be pre-cured or semi-cured by light. 2 Up to 1000mJ / cm 2 The amount of ultraviolet light is used to pre-cure or semi-cure.

[0558] Therefore, a second stack 13 including the second substrate 200, the second transparent electrode 400, the second color-changing layer 600 and the electrolyte composition layer 701 may be formed. The second stack 13 may be a structure for preparing an electrochromic device according to an embodiment. In addition, the protective layer 900 may be provided on the second stack 13. The protective layer 900 may cover the upper surface of the electrolyte composition layer 701.

[0559] Before the lamination process described later, the first stack 12 and / or the second stack 13 may be placed for more than about 60 days. For example, the first stack 12 and / or the second stack 13 may be transported for more than about 60 days. The first stack 12 and / or the second stack 13 may be transported for more than about 90 days. The first stack 12 and / or the second stack 13 may be transported for more than about 120 days.

[0560] The first stack 12 and / or the second stack 13 can be stored or transported in a rolled state for the above period of time. Also, the first stack 12 and / or the second stack 13 can be stored or transported for the above period of time at room temperature and a relative humidity of about 30% to about 60%.

[0561] refer to Fig.11 , the first stack 12 and the second stack 13 are laminated together. The first substrate 100, the first transparent electrode 300 and the first color-changing layer 500 are laminated on the electrolyte composition layer 701. In this case, the first color-changing layer 500 is in direct contact with the electrolyte composition layer 701. In addition, in a state where the protective layer 900 is removed, the first color-changing layer 500 is laminated to the electrolyte composition layer 701.

[0562] As described above, the lamination process may be performed after the above-mentioned storage period and / or transportation period.

[0563] Then, the electrolyte composition layer 701 is cured by light, and the first stack 12 including the first substrate 100, the first transparent electrode 300, and the first color-changing layer 500 and the second stack 13 including the second substrate 200, the second transparent electrode 400, the second color-changing layer 600, and the electrolyte layer 700 are laminated to each other. That is, the first stack 12 and the second stack 13 may be bonded to each other through the electrolyte layer 700.

[0564] Furthermore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have a light transmittance, wherein the light transmittance may refer to the light transmittance of the electrochromic device when no electrochromism occurs, and the light transmittance may refer to the total light transmittance.

[0565] The light transmittance of the electrochromic device may be about 70% to about 90%. The light transmittance of the electrochromic device may be about 75% to about 88%. The light transmittance of the electrochromic device may be about 78% to about 86%. The light transmittance of the electrochromic device may be about 65% to about 80%.

[0566] The electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have a haze of less than about 5%. The haze of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be about 0.1% to about 5%. The haze of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be about 0.1% to about 4%. The haze of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be about 0.1% to about 3%.

[0567] In the first laminate 12 , the decrease in transmittance after 90 days can be measured by the following measurement method 6.

[0568] Determination method 6:

[0569] When the first laminate 12 is left at room temperature and 60% relative humidity for 90 days, the decrease in transmittance is the difference between the initial transmittance of the first laminate 12 and the transmittance of the laminate after 90 days.

[0570] The transmittance of the first stacked body 12 and the transmittance after 90 days may be a total light transmittance.

[0571] The decrease in transmittance may be less than about 10%. The decrease in transmittance may be less than about 7%. The decrease in transmittance may be less than about 5%. The decrease in transmittance may be less than about 4%. The decrease in transmittance may be less than about 3%. The decrease in transmittance may be less than about 2%.

[0572] The initial transmittance may be about 80% to about 95%. The initial transmittance may be about 85% to about 95%.

[0573] The transmittance after 90 days may be about 76% to about 95%. The transmittance after 90 days may be about 81% to about 90%. The transmittance after 90 days may be about 84% to about 95%.

[0574] In the first laminate 12 , the increase in haze after 90 days can be measured by the following measurement method 7.

[0575] Determination method 7:

[0576] When the first laminate 12 is left at room temperature and 60% relative humidity for about 90 days, the increase in haze is the difference between the haze of the first laminate 12 after 90 days and the initial haze of the first laminate 12 .

[0577] The increase in haze may be less than about 10%. The increase in haze may be less than about 7%. The increase in haze may be less than about 5%. The increase in haze may be less than about 4%. The increase in haze may be less than about 3%. The increase in haze may be less than about 2%.

[0578] The initial haze may be less than about 5%. The initial haze may be less than about 4%. The initial haze may be less than about 3%. The initial haze may be less than about 2%.

[0579] The haze after 90 days may be less than about 6%. The haze after 90 days may be less than about 5%. The haze after 90 days may be less than about 4%. The haze after 90 days may be less than about 3%.

[0580] Furthermore, in the first laminate 12 , the transmittance deviation after 90 days can be measured by the following measurement method 8.

[0581] Determination method 8:

[0582] The first laminate 12 was placed at room temperature and 60% relative humidity for 90 days. The transmittance of each measurement area of ​​the first laminate 12 was measured, and the transmittance deviation was the value obtained by dividing the difference between the maximum transmittance and the minimum transmittance in the transmittance of the measurement area by the average transmittance.

[0583] The measurement area may be a square area of ​​5 cm×5 cm. The transmittance deviation may be measured for each measurement area in an area of ​​about 100 cm×100 cm. In each measurement area, the transmittance may be measured at 5 points.

[0584] The transmittance deviation may be less than about 0.2. The transmittance deviation may be less than about 0.15. The transmittance deviation may be less than about 0.10. The transmittance deviation may be less than about 0.05.

[0585] The transmittance deviation can be calculated by the following formula 5.

[0586] Formula 5:

[0587] Transmittance deviation = (maximum transmittance - minimum transmittance) / average transmittance

[0588] In the second laminate 13 , the decrease in transmittance after 90 days can be measured by the following measurement method 9.

[0589] Determination method 9:

[0590] When the second laminate 13 is placed at room temperature and 60% relative humidity for 90 days with the protective layer provided on it, the transmittance decreases as the difference between the initial transmittance of the second laminate 13 and the transmittance of the laminate after 90 days.

[0591] The transmittance of the second stacked body 13 and the transmittance after 90 days may be a total light transmittance.

[0592] The decrease in transmittance may be less than about 10%. The decrease in transmittance may be less than about 7%. The decrease in transmittance may be less than about 5%. The decrease in transmittance may be less than about 4%. The decrease in transmittance may be less than about 3%. The decrease in transmittance may be less than about 2%.

[0593] The initial transmittance may be about 80% to about 95%. The initial transmittance may be about 85% to about 95%.

[0594] The transmittance after 90 days may be about 76% to about 95%. The transmittance after 90 days may be about 81% to about 90%. The transmittance after 90 days may be about 84% to about 95%.

[0595] In the second laminate 13 , the increase in haze after 90 days can be measured by the following measuring method 10.

[0596] Determination method 10:

[0597] When the second laminate 13 is placed at room temperature and 60% relative humidity for about 90 days with the protective layer set on it, the increase in haze is the difference between the haze of the second laminate 13 after 90 days and the initial haze of the second laminate 13.

[0598] The increase in haze may be less than about 10%. The increase in haze may be less than about 7%. The increase in haze may be less than about 5%. The increase in haze may be less than about 4%. The increase in haze may be less than about 3%. The increase in haze may be less than about 2%.

[0599] The initial haze may be less than about 5%. The initial haze may be less than about 4%. The initial haze may be less than about 3%. The initial haze may be less than about 2%.

[0600] The haze after 90 days may be less than about 6%. The haze after 90 days may be less than about 5%. The haze after 90 days may be less than about 4%. The haze after 90 days may be less than about 3%.

[0601] Furthermore, in the second laminate 13 , the transmittance deviation after 90 days can be measured by the following measurement method 11.

[0602] Determination method 11:

[0603] The second laminate 13 was placed at room temperature and 60% relative humidity for 90 days in a state where the protective layer was provided on the second laminate 13. Then, the transmittance of each measurement area of ​​the second laminate 13 was measured, and the transmittance deviation was a value obtained by dividing the difference between the maximum transmittance and the minimum transmittance in the transmittance of the measurement area by the average transmittance.

[0604] The transmittance deviation of the second stack 13 may be less than about 0.2. The transmittance deviation of the second stack 13 may be less than about 0.15. The transmittance deviation of the second stack 13 may be less than about 0.10. The transmittance deviation of the second stack 13 may be less than about 0.05.

[0605] An electrochromic device according to an embodiment may have an operating range.

[0606] The operating range is the difference between the transmittance when bleached and the transmittance when tinted.

[0607] A driving voltage is applied to the electrochromic device according to the embodiment, and the electrochromic device according to the embodiment is colored. In this case, the transmittance of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be the transmittance when colored. For example, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be colored by applying a driving voltage of about 1V to 5V for a driving time of about 20 seconds to about 5 minutes to the electrochromic device according to the embodiment. For example, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be colored by applying a driving voltage of about 1.5V to an electrochromic device having a width of about 7.5 cm for about 30 seconds.

[0608] Then, a driving voltage is reversely applied to the electrochromic device according to the embodiment, and the electrochromic device according to the embodiment is decolorized. In this case, the transmittance of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be the transmittance when decolorized. For example, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be decolorized by reversely applying a driving voltage of about 1V to 5V for about 20 seconds to about 5 minutes. For example, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be decolorized by reversely applying a driving voltage of about 1.5V to an electrochromic device having a width of about 7.5 cm for about 30 seconds.

[0609] The electrochromic device according to the embodiment can measure the reduction in the operating range by the following measurement method 12.

[0610] Determination method 12:

[0611] When the electrochromic device according to the embodiment is driven for about 10,000 cycles, the reduction in the operating range is the difference between the initial operating range and the operating range after the 10,000 cycles. One cycle consists of one coloring drive and one bleaching drive.

[0612] The reduction in the operating range may be less than about 20%. The reduction in the operating range may be less than about 15%. The reduction in the operating range may be less than about 10%. The reduction in the operating range may be less than about 7%.

[0613] Since the electrochromic device according to the embodiment has a reduction in the operating range as described above, it may have improved durability and a proper operating time.

[0614] The electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have an operating range deviation measured by the following measurement method 13.

[0615] Determination method 13:

[0616] The operating range of the electrochromic device is measured in the measuring region, and the operating range deviation is a value obtained by dividing a difference between a maximum operating range and a minimum operating range in the measuring region by an average operating range.

[0617] The operating range deviation may be less than 0.2. The operating range deviation may be less than 0.15. The operating range deviation may be less than 0.1. The operating range deviation may be less than 0.05.

[0618] Since the electrochromic device according to the embodiment has the operating range deviation of the range as described above, it can have an improved appearance.

[0619] In the electrochromic device according to the embodiment, as described above, the first stacked body 12 may have an appropriate decrease in transmittance after 90 days.

[0620] Furthermore, as described above, the first laminate 12 can have an appropriate increase in haze after 90 days. Furthermore, the first laminate 12 can have an appropriate transmittance deviation.

[0621] Also, as described above, embodiments may have appropriate operating range deviations.

[0622] Therefore, since the first stacked body 12 maintains its performance even if stored for a long time, the method of manufacturing an electrochromic device according to the embodiment may provide an electrochromic device having improved optical characteristics.

[0623] Furthermore, since the first stack 12 maintains its performance even when stored for a long time, even if the first stack 12 and the second stack 13 require a long transportation period after preparation, the preparation method of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can also provide an electrochromic device with improved performance.

[0624] Therefore, even if the first stack 12 and the second stack 13 are prepared separately in time and / or space, the method of preparing an electrochromic device according to the embodiment can provide an electrochromic device with improved performance.

[0625] Therefore, the method of manufacturing an electrochromic device according to the embodiment can easily manufacture an electrochromic device with improved performance at low cost.

[0626] Furthermore, in the embodiment, since the first stacked body 12 and the second stacked body 13 are transported in a semi-finished state, the first stacked body 12 and the second stacked body 13 can be easily rolled and transported.

[0627] Therefore, the method for preparing the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can be prepared efficiently and easily.

[0628] Fig.12 This is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section of an electrochromic device according to another embodiment. The description of this embodiment can refer to the description of the above embodiment. That is, except for the changed parts, the description of the above embodiment can basically be combined with the description of this embodiment.

[0629] refer to Fig.12 The electrochromic device according to the embodiment includes a first substrate 100 , a second substrate 200 , a first transparent electrode 300 , a second transparent electrode 400 , a first color-changing layer 500 , a second color-changing layer 600 , and an electrolyte layer 700 .

[0630] The first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 together support the first transparent electrode 300 , the first color-changing layer 500 , the second color-changing layer 600 , the second transparent electrode 400 , and the electrolyte layer 700 .

[0631] Furthermore, the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 sandwich the first transparent electrode 300 , the first color-changing layer 500 , the second color-changing layer 600 , the second transparent electrode 400 , and the electrolyte layer 700 .

[0632] The second substrate 200 is opposite to the first substrate 100. The second substrate 200 is disposed on the first substrate 100. One end of the second substrate 200 may be disposed to be offset from one end of the first substrate 100. The other end of the second substrate 200 may be disposed to be offset from the other end of the first substrate 100.

[0633] The second substrate 200 supports the first transparent electrode 300 , the first color-changing layer 500 , the second color-changing layer 600 , the second transparent electrode 400 , and the electrolyte layer 700 together with the first substrate 100 .

[0634] Furthermore, the second substrate 200 and the first substrate 100 sandwich the first transparent electrode 300 , the first color-changing layer 500 , the second color-changing layer 600 , the second transparent electrode 400 , and the electrolyte layer 700 .

[0635] The first transparent electrode 300 is disposed on the first substrate 100. The first transparent electrode 300 may be formed on the first substrate 100 by deposition. In addition, a hard coating layer may be further included between the first transparent electrode 300 and the first substrate 100.

[0636] The second transparent electrode 400 is disposed below the second substrate 200. The second transparent electrode 400 may be formed on the second substrate 200 by deposition. In addition, a hard coating layer may be further included between the second transparent electrode 400 and the second substrate 200.

[0637] The first color-changing layer 500 is disposed on the first transparent electrode 300. The first color-changing layer 500 may be directly disposed on the upper surface of the first transparent electrode 300. The first color-changing layer 500 may be directly electrically connected to the first transparent electrode 300.

[0638] The first color-changing layer 500 is electrically connected to the first transparent electrode 300. The first color-changing layer 500 may be directly connected to the first transparent electrode 300. Furthermore, the first color-changing layer 500 is electrically connected to the electrolyte layer 700. The first color-changing layer 500 may be electrically connected to the electrolyte layer 700.

[0639] The first color-changing layer 500 may change color by receiving electrons. The first color-changing layer 500 may include a first electrochromic substance that changes color by receiving electrons. The first electrochromic substance may include at least one selected from the group consisting of tungsten oxide, niobium pentoxide, vanadium pentoxide, titanium oxide, molybdenum oxide, viologen, and poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene).

[0640] The first color-changing layer 500 may include the first electrochromic substance in the form of particles. The tungsten oxide, niobium pentoxide, vanadium pentoxide, titanium oxide, and molybdenum oxide may be particles having an average particle size of about 1 nm to about 200 nm. The average particle size of the first electrochromic substance may be about 5 nm to about 100 nm. The average particle size of the first electrochromic substance may be about 10 nm to about 50 nm.

[0641] Based on the total weight of the first color-changing layer, the first color-changing layer may include about 70 wt % to about 98 wt % of the first electrochromic substance. Based on the total weight of the first color-changing layer, the first color-changing layer may include about 80 wt % to about 96 wt % of the first electrochromic substance. Based on the total weight of the first color-changing layer, the first color-changing layer may include about 85 wt % to about 94 wt % of the first electrochromic substance.

[0642] Since the first color-changing layer includes the first electrochromic substance having the average particle size and the weight range, the first stacked body and the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have improved optical characteristics and electrochromic characteristics.

[0643] Furthermore, the first color-changing layer 500 may further include an adhesive. The adhesive may be an inorganic adhesive. The adhesive may include silica gel. The adhesive may be formed by silica sol including tetramethoxysilane or methyltrimethoxysilane.

[0644] The first color-changing layer 500 may include about 1 wt % to 20 wt % of the binder based on the total weight of the first color-changing layer 500. The first color-changing layer 500 may include about 5 wt % to 15 wt % of the binder based on the total weight of the first color-changing layer 500. The first color-changing layer 500 may include about 7 wt % to 13 wt % of the binder based on the total weight of the first color-changing layer 500.

[0645] The first electrochromic layer 500 further includes an electron accommodating substance that can accommodate electrons generated from the first electrochromic substance.

[0646] The electron accommodating substance may include at least one selected from the group consisting of carbon black, carbon nanotubes, and graphene.

[0647] The first color-changing layer 500 may include the electron-accommodating substance in the form of particles. The average particle size of the electron-accommodating substance may be about 1 nm to about 200 nm. The average particle size of the electron-accommodating substance may be about 5 nm to about 100 nm. The average particle size of the electron-accommodating substance may be about 10 nm to about 50 nm.

[0648] The average particle size of the first electrochromic substance and the electron accommodating substance may be measured by a dynamic light scattering method. In addition, the average particle size of the first electrochromic substance and the electron accommodating substance may be a D50 average particle size.

[0649] The nitrogen adsorption surface area of ​​the electron accommodating material may be about 50 m 2 / g to about 200m 2 / g. The nitrogen adsorption surface area of ​​the electron accommodating material may be about 70m 2 / g to about 150m 2 The nitrogen adsorption surface area may be a specific surface area calculated by a low temperature nitrogen adsorption method (JIS K6217).

[0650] The tinting power of the electron accommodating substance may be about 100% to about 150%. The tinting power of the electron accommodating substance may be measured according to JIS K6217.

[0651] The oil absorption of the electron-accommodating material may be about 50 cm 3 / 100g to about 150cm 3 The oil absorption of the electron accommodating material can be measured in accordance with JIS K6221.

[0652] The acid value (pH value) of the electron accommodating material may be about 3.0 to about 4.0. The acid value of the electron accommodating material may be measured by mixing the electron accommodating material with distilled water using a glass electrode pH meter.

[0653] The first color-changing layer 500 may contain about 0.5 wt % to 7 wt % of the electron-accommodating substance based on the total weight of the first color-changing layer 500. The first color-changing layer 500 may contain about 0.7 wt % to 5 wt % of the electron-accommodating substance based on the total weight of the first color-changing layer 500. The first color-changing layer 500 may contain about 0.8 wt % to 3 wt % of the electron-accommodating substance based on the total weight of the first color-changing layer 500.

[0654] Since the first color-changing layer 500 includes the electron accommodating substance having the average particle size and the weight range, the first stacked body 12 and the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have improved optical characteristics and electrochromic characteristics.

[0655] The weight ratio of the first electrochromic substance to the electron accommodating substance contained in the first color-changing layer 500 may be about 20: 1 to about 5: 1. The weight ratio of the first electrochromic substance to the electron accommodating substance contained in the first color-changing layer 500 may be about 15: 1 to about 8: 1. The weight ratio of the first electrochromic substance to the electron accommodating substance contained in the first color-changing layer 500 may be about 13: 1 to about 7: 1.

[0656] Furthermore, the ratio of the average particle size of the first electrochromic substance to the average particle size of the electron accommodating substance may be about 0.7:1 to about 1.5:1. The ratio of the average particle size of the first electrochromic substance to the average particle size of the electron accommodating substance may be about 0.8:1 to about 1.4:1.

[0657] Since the first electrochromic substance and the electron accommodating substance have the weight ratio as described above and the average particle diameter ratio as described above, the first stacked body and the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have improved optical characteristics and electrochromic characteristics.

[0658] The electron accommodating substance may have a band gap smaller than a band gap of the first electrochromic substance.

[0659] The band gap of the first electrochromic substance may be about 2.0 eV to about 3.5 eV. The band gap of the first electrochromic substance may be about 2.2 eV to about 3.2 eV. The band gap of the first electrochromic substance may be about 2.3 eV to about 3.0 eV.

[0660] The band gap of the electron accommodating substance may be about 1.0 eV to about 3.0 eV. The band gap of the electron accommodating substance may be about 1.5 eV to about 2.6 eV. The band gap of the electron accommodating substance may be about 1.8 eV to about 2.4 eV.

[0661] The difference between the conduction band of the first electrochromic substance and the conduction band of the electron accommodating substance may be about 0.5 eV or less. The difference between the conduction band of the first electrochromic substance and the conduction band of the electron accommodating substance may be about 0.4 eV or less. The difference between the conduction band of the first electrochromic substance and the conduction band of the electron accommodating substance may be about 0.3 eV or less.

[0662] When external light such as sunlight irradiates the first color-changing layer 500, the first electrochromic substance may be excited, and the first electrochromic substance may undergo photochromism. In this case, since the electron-accommodating substance is disposed around the first electrochromic substance, excited electrons of the first electrochromic substance may be transferred to the electron-accommodating substance. Therefore, the electron-accommodating substance may suppress the photochromism of the first electrochromic substance.

[0663] The electrons transferred to the electron accommodating substance may be transferred to the first transparent electrode 300 or the like.

[0664] The first substrate 100, the first transparent electrode 300, and the first color-changing layer 500 may be included in the first stacked body 12. That is, the first stacked body 12 includes the first substrate 100, the first transparent electrode 300, and the first color-changing layer 500. The first stacked body 12 may be composed of the first substrate 100, the first transparent electrode 300, and the first color-changing layer 500.

[0665] The second color-changing layer 600 is disposed below the second transparent electrode 400. The second color-changing layer 600 may be directly disposed on the lower surface of the second transparent electrode 400. The second color-changing layer 600 may be directly electrically connected to the second transparent electrode 400.

[0666] The second color-changing layer 600 is electrically connected to the second transparent electrode 400. The second color-changing layer 600 may be directly connected to the second transparent electrode 400. Furthermore, the second color-changing layer 600 is electrically connected to the electrolyte layer 700. The second color-changing layer 600 may be electrically connected to the electrolyte layer 700.

[0667] The second color-changing layer 600 may change color by losing electrons. The second color-changing layer 600 may include a second electrochromic material that changes color by losing electrons and oxidizing. The second color-changing layer 600 may include at least one selected from the group consisting of Prussian blue, nickel oxide, and iridium oxide.

[0668] The second color-changing layer 600 may include the second electrochromic substance in the form of particles. The Prussian blue, nickel oxide, and iridium oxide may be particles with a particle size of about 1 nm to about 200 nm.

[0669] Furthermore, the second color-changing layer 600 may further include the adhesive.

[0670] The second substrate, the second transparent electrode and the second color-changing layer are included in the second stack. That is, the second stack includes the second substrate, the second transparent electrode and the second color-changing layer. The second stack may be composed of the second substrate, the second transparent electrode and the second color-changing layer.

[0671] The electrolyte layer 700 is disposed on the first color-changing layer 500. In addition, the electrolyte layer 700 is disposed below the second color-changing layer 600. The electrolyte layer 700 is disposed between the first color-changing layer 500 and the second color-changing layer 600. The electrolyte layer is disposed between the first stack and the second stack. The electrolyte layer may be laminated to the first stack and the second stack.

[0672] The electrolyte layer 700 may include a solid polymer electrolyte or an inorganic hydrate containing metal ions. The electrolyte layer 700 may include lithium ions (Li + ), sodium ion (Na + ), potassium ion (K + )wait.

[0673] Specifically, poly-AMPS, PEO / LiCF3SO3, etc. can be used as the solid polymer electrolyte, and Sb2O5.4H2O, etc. can be used as the inorganic hydrate.

[0674] Furthermore, the electrolyte layer 700 is a structure for providing electrolyte ions that participate in the electrochromic reaction. The electrolyte ions may be, for example, H + , Li + 、Na + , K + , Rb + or Cs + Equivalent cations.

[0675] The electrolyte layer 700 may include an electrolyte. As examples of the electrolyte, a liquid electrolyte, a gel polymer electrolyte, or an inorganic solid electrolyte may be used without limitation. Also, the electrolyte may be used in a layer or film form so that it may be stacked together with the electrode or substrate.

[0676] The type of electrolyte salt used in the electrolyte layer 700 is not particularly limited as long as it can contain a salt capable of providing a monovalent cation, i.e., H + , Li + 、Na + , K + , Rb + or Cs + For example, the electrolyte layer 700 may include LiClO4, LiBF4, LiAsF6, LiPF6, LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiB 10 Cl 10 , lithium salt compounds such as LiCF3SO3, LiCF3CO2, LiAsF6, LiSbF6, LiAlCl4, CH3SO3Li, CF3SO3Li or (CF3SO2)2NLi; or sodium salt compounds such as NaClO4.

[0677] In one example, the electrolyte layer 700 may include a compound containing Cl or F as an electrolyte salt. Specifically, the electrolyte layer 700 may include a compound selected from LiClO4, LiBF4, LiAsF6, LiPF6, LiCl, LiB 10 Cl 10 , LiCF3SO3, LiCF3CO2, LiAsF6, LiSbF6, LiAlCl4, CF3SO3Li, (CF3SO2)2NLi and NaClO4.

[0678] The electrolyte may also include a carbonate compound as a solvent. Since carbonate compounds have a high dielectric constant, ionic conductivity may be improved. As non-limiting examples, solvents such as propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate or ethyl methyl carbonate may be used as carbonate compounds.

[0679] In another example, when the electrolyte layer 700 includes a gel polymer electrolyte, the electrolyte layer 700 may include a polymer such as polyvinyl sulfonic acid, polystyrene sulfonic acid, polyvinyl sulfonic acid, poly-2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, polyperfluorosulfonic acid, polytoluene sulfonic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene imine, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, poly(ethylene oxide, siloxane), poly(ethylene glycol, siloxane), poly(propylene oxide, siloxane), poly(ethylene oxide, methyl methacrylate), poly(ethylene oxide, acrylic acid), poly(propylene glycol, methyl methacrylate), polyethylene succinate or polyethylene adipate. In one example, a mixture of two or more of the listed polymers or a copolymer of two or more of the listed polymers may be used as a polymer electrolyte.

[0680] Furthermore, the electrolyte layer 700 may include a curable resin that can be cured by ultraviolet irradiation or heat. The curable resin may be at least one selected from the group consisting of acrylate oligomers, polyethylene glycol oligomers, urethane oligomers, polyester oligomers, polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and polyethylene glycol diacrylate. Furthermore, the electrolyte layer 700 may include a photocuring initiator and / or a thermal curing initiator.

[0681] The thickness of the electrolyte layer 700 may be about 10 μm to about 200 μm. The thickness of the electrolyte layer 700 may be about 50 μm to about 150 μm.

[0682] The electrolyte layer 700 may have a transmittance in the range of 60% to 95%. Specifically, the transmittance of the electrolyte layer 700 in the wavelength range of 380nm to 780nm, more specifically, in the visible light of 400nm or 550nm, may be in the range of 60% to 95%. The transmittance may be measured using a known haze meter.

[0683] The electrochromic device according to this embodiment can be prepared by the following method. Figures 13 to 16 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a process of preparing an electrochromic device according to an embodiment.

[0684] refer to Fig.13 , forming a first transparent electrode 300 on the first substrate 100. The first transparent electrode 300 may be formed by a vacuum deposition process. The first transparent electrode 300 may be formed by depositing a metal oxide such as indium tin oxide on the first substrate 100 by a sputtering process or the like.

[0685] The first transparent electrode 300 may be formed by a coating process, may be formed by coating metal nanowires and an adhesive on the first substrate 100 , or may be formed by coating a conductive polymer on the first substrate 100 .

[0686] Furthermore, the first transparent electrode 300 may be formed by a patterning process. A metal layer may be formed on the first substrate 100 by a sputtering process or the like, and the metal layer may be patterned, so that the first transparent electrode 300 layer including a metal mesh may be formed on the first substrate 100 .

[0687] Then, a first color-changing layer 500 is formed on the first transparent electrode 300 layer. The first color-changing layer 500 can be formed by a sol-gel coating process. A first sol solution containing a first electrochromic substance, an electron-accommodating substance, a binder, and a solvent can be coated on the first transparent electrode 300 layer. A sol-gel reaction can occur in the coated first sol solution, and the first color-changing layer 500 can be formed.

[0688] Based on the total weight of the solution, the first sol solution may include about 5 wt % to about 30 wt % of the first color-changing substance in the form of particles. Based on the total weight of the solution, the first sol solution may include about 0.5 wt % to about 5 wt % of the binder. Based on the total weight of the solution, the first sol solution may include about 70 wt % to about 95 wt % of the solvent.

[0689] Furthermore, the first sol solution may contain about 0.05 wt % to about 5 wt % of the electron accommodating substance based on the total weight of the solid components. The first sol solution may contain about 0.07 wt % to about 3 wt % of the electron accommodating substance based on the total weight of the solid components. The electron accommodating substance is as described above.

[0690] The first sol solution may further include a dispersant.

[0691] The solvent may be at least one selected from the group consisting of alcohols, ethers, ketones, esters or aromatic hydrocarbons. The solvent may be at least one selected from the group consisting of ethanol, propanol, butanol, hexanol, cyclohexanol, diacetone alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, glycerol, diethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, acetylacetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, acetoacetate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate and isobutyl acetate.

[0692] As described above, the binder may be an inorganic binder.

[0693] Therefore, a first stacked body including the first substrate, the first transparent electrode, and the first color-changing layer can be formed.

[0694] refer to Fig.14 , a second transparent electrode 400 is formed on the second substrate 200 .

[0695] The second transparent electrode 400 may be formed by a vacuum deposition process or by depositing a metal oxide such as indium tin oxide on the second substrate 200 by a sputtering process.

[0696] The second transparent electrode 400 may be formed by a coating process, may be formed by coating metal nanowires and an adhesive on the second substrate 200 , or may be formed by coating a conductive polymer on the second substrate 200 .

[0697] Furthermore, the second transparent electrode 400 may be formed by a patterning process. A metal layer may be formed on the second substrate 200 by a sputtering process or the like, and the metal layer may be patterned, so that the second transparent electrode 400 layer including a metal mesh may be formed on the second substrate 200 .

[0698] Then, a second color-changing layer 600 is formed on the second transparent electrode 400 layer. The second color-changing layer 600 can be formed by a sol-gel coating process. A second sol solution containing a second electrochromic substance, a binder, and a solvent can be coated on the second transparent electrode 400 layer. A sol-gel reaction can occur in the coated second sol solution, and the second color-changing layer 600 can be formed.

[0699] The second sol solution may include about 5 wt % to about 30 wt % of the second color-changing substance in the form of particles, based on the total weight of the solution. The second sol solution may include about 0.5 wt % to about 5 wt % of the binder, based on the total weight of the solution. The second sol solution may include about 70 wt % to about 95 wt % of the solvent, based on the total weight of the solution.

[0700] The second sol solution may further include a dispersant.

[0701] Thus, a second stacked body including the second substrate, the second transparent electrode, and the second color-changing layer is formed.

[0702] refer to Fig.15 , an electrolyte composition for forming an electrolyte layer 700 is formed on the first color-changing layer 500 .

[0703] The electrolyte composition may include a metal salt, an electrolyte, a photocurable resin, and a photocurable initiator. The photocurable resin may be at least one selected from the group consisting of hexanediol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, glycerol propoxylated triacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, and dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate.

[0704] The metal salt, the electrolyte, and the photocuring initiator may be as described above.

[0705] refer to Fig.16, the second substrate 200, the second transparent electrode 400 and the second color-changing layer 600 are stacked on the applied electrolyte composition. In this case, the second color-changing layer 600 is in direct contact with the applied electrolyte composition. That is, the electrolyte composition is applied on the first stack, and the second stack is provided on the applied electrolyte composition.

[0706] Then, the applied electrolyte composition is cured by light, and a first laminate including the first substrate 100, the first transparent electrode 300, and the first color-changing layer 500 and a second laminate including the second substrate 200, the second transparent electrode 400, and the second color-changing layer 600 may be laminated to each other. That is, the first laminate and the second laminate may be bonded to each other through the electrolyte layer 700.

[0707] Furthermore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have a light transmittance, wherein the light transmittance may refer to the light transmittance of the electrochromic device when no electrochromism occurs, and the light transmittance may refer to the total light transmittance.

[0708] The light transmittance of the electrochromic device may be about 70% to about 90%. The light transmittance of the electrochromic device may be about 75% to about 88%. The light transmittance of the electrochromic device may be about 78% to about 86%.

[0709] The first stacked body may have a light transmittance change rate, wherein the light transmittance change rate is a change rate of light transmittance after exposure to simulated sunlight relative to an initial light transmittance.

[0710] The light transmittance change rate can be measured by the following measurement method 14.

[0711] Determination method 14:

[0712] The intensity is about 1000W / m 2 The first color-changing layer is irradiated with simulated sunlight for 10 minutes, the first light transmittance of the electrochromic device is measured before irradiation with the simulated sunlight, and the second light transmittance of the electrochromic device is measured after irradiation with the simulated sunlight, and the light transmittance change rate is a value obtained by dividing the difference between the first light transmittance and the second light transmittance by the first light transmittance.

[0713] The light transmittance change rate (ΔTR) can be expressed by the following formula 6.

[0714] Formula 6:

[0715] △TR=(T1-T2) / T1

[0716] Wherein, T1 is the initial light transmittance of the electrochromic device, and T2 is the intensity of about 1000 W / m 2 The light transmittance of the electrochromic device after the simulated sunlight irradiates the first color-changing layer through the first substrate for 10 minutes.

[0717] The simulated sunlight may be artificial light having a spectrum similar to that of sunlight. The simulated sunlight may be realized by a solar simulator.

[0718] The light transmittance change rate of the first stack may be 0 to about 0.30. The light transmittance change rate of the first stack may be 0 to about 0.25. The light transmittance change rate of the first stack may be about 0.01 to about 0.20. The light transmittance change rate of the first stack may be about 0.02 to about 0.18. The light transmittance change rate of the first stack may be about 0.03 to about 0.15.

[0719] The light transmittance of the first laminate may be about 75% to about 95%. The light transmittance of the first laminate may be about 80% to about 95%. The light transmittance of the first laminate may be about 85% to about 93%.

[0720] The light transmittance after irradiating the simulated sunlight to the first stack may be about 60% to about 85%. The light transmittance after irradiating the simulated sunlight to the first stack may be about 65% to about 83%. The light transmittance after irradiating the simulated sunlight to the first stack may be about 70% to about 80%.

[0721] The first stack has the light transmittance change rate as described above. Therefore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can reduce the change in transmittance caused by external sunlight or the like.

[0722] That is, since the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can reduce transmittance deviation due to external sunlight, it is possible to easily control the target transmittance when turned on and off.

[0723] The first laminate may have haze.

[0724] The haze may refer to the haze of the first laminate in a state where photochromism or electrochromism does not occur.

[0725] The haze of the first laminate may be about 5% or less. The haze of the first laminate may be about 4% or less. The haze of the first laminate may be about 3% or less. The haze of the first laminate may be about 2% or less.

[0726] The first laminate may have a haze variation.

[0727] The haze change can be measured by the following measurement method 15.

[0728] Determination method 15:

[0729] The first haze of the first laminate is measured before irradiation with the simulated sunlight, and the second haze of the first laminate is measured after irradiation with the simulated sunlight, and the haze change is a value obtained by subtracting the first haze from the second haze.

[0730] The haze change of the first laminate may be 5.5% or less. The haze change of the first laminate may be 5% or less. The haze change of the first laminate may be 4% or less. The haze change of the first laminate may be 3% or less. The haze change of the first laminate may be 2% or less.

[0731] In the first laminate, the haze after irradiation with the simulated sunlight may be about 6% or less. In the first laminate, the haze after irradiation with the simulated sunlight may be about 5% or less. In the first laminate, the haze after irradiation with the simulated sunlight may be about 4% or less. In the first laminate, the haze after irradiation with the simulated sunlight may be about 3% or less.

[0732] The light transmittance may be a total light transmittance. The total light transmittance may be a light transmittance within a wavelength range of about 380 nm to about 780 nm.

[0733] The light transmittance and the haze may be measured according to ASTM D1003.

[0734] The first color-changing layer may have L*, a*, and b*.

[0735] The L* of the first color-changing layer may be about 70 to about 100. The L* of the first color-changing layer may be about 80 to about 100. The L* of the first color-changing layer may be about 91 to about 100. The L* may be measured in a state where the first color-changing layer does not undergo photochromism and / or electrochromism.

[0736] The first color changing layer may have an L* change.

[0737] The L* change can be measured by the following measurement method 16.

[0738] Determination method 16:

[0739] The first L* of the first color-changing layer is measured before irradiation with the simulated sunlight, and the second L* of the first color-changing layer is measured after irradiation with the simulated sunlight, and the L* change is an absolute value of a value obtained by subtracting the first L* from the second L*.

[0740] The L* change can be expressed by the following formula 7.

[0741] Formula 7:

[0742] L* change = |Second L* - First L* |

[0743] The L* change of the first color-changing layer may be less than 7. The L* change of the electrochromic device may be less than 6. The L* change of the first color-changing layer may be less than 5. The L* change of the first color-changing layer may be less than 4.

[0744] In the first color-changing layer, L* after irradiation with the simulated sunlight may be about 70 to about 95. In the first color-changing layer, L* after irradiation with the simulated sunlight may be about 76 to about 94.

[0745] The a* of the first color-changing layer may be -3 to 2. The a* of the first color-changing layer may be -2.5 to 1.5. The a* of the first color-changing layer may be -2 to 1. The a* may be measured in a state where the first color-changing layer does not undergo photochromism and / or electrochromism.

[0746] The first color-changing layer may have an a* variation.

[0747] The a* change can be measured by the following measurement method 17.

[0748] Determination method 17:

[0749] The first a* of the first color-changing layer is measured before irradiation with the simulated sunlight, and the second a* of the first color-changing layer is measured after irradiation with the simulated sunlight, and the a* change is a value obtained by subtracting the first a* from the second a*.

[0750] The change in a* of the first color-changing layer can be expressed by the following formula 8.

[0751] Formula 8:

[0752] a* change = | second a* - first a* |

[0753] The a* change of the first color-changing layer may be less than 6. The a* change of the first color-changing layer may be less than 5. The a* change of the first color-changing layer may be less than 2. The a* change of the first color-changing layer may be less than 3. The a* change of the first color-changing layer may be less than 1.8. The a* change of the first color-changing layer may be less than 1.6. The a* change of the first color-changing layer may be less than 1.5.

[0754] In the first color-changing layer, a* after irradiation with the simulated sunlight may be about -5 to about 0. In the first color-changing layer, a* after irradiation with the simulated sunlight may be about -4.5 to about 0.

[0755] The b* of the first color-changing layer may be 0 to 4. The b* of the first color-changing layer may be 0.1 to 3.5. The b* of the first color-changing layer may be 0.5 to 3. The b* may be measured in a state where the first color-changing layer does not undergo photochromism and / or electrochromism.

[0756] The first color-changing layer may have a b* variation.

[0757] The b* change can be measured by the following measurement method 18.

[0758] Determination method 18:

[0759] The first b* of the first color-changing layer is measured before irradiation with the simulated sunlight, and the second b* of the first color-changing layer is measured after irradiation with the simulated sunlight, and the b* change is a value obtained by subtracting the first b* from the second b*.

[0760] The b* change can be calculated by the following formula 9.

[0761] Formula 9:

[0762] b* change = | second b* - first b* |

[0763] The b* change of the first color-changing layer may be less than 10. The b* change of the first color-changing layer may be less than 8. The b* change of the first color-changing layer may be less than 7. The b* change of the first color-changing layer may be less than 2.8. The b* change of the first color-changing layer may be less than 2.6. The b* change of the first color-changing layer may be less than 2.5.

[0764] The b* after the first color-changing layer is irradiated with the simulated sunlight may be about -5 to about 3. The b* after the first color-changing layer is irradiated with the simulated sunlight may be about -4.5 to about 2.

[0765] The L*, a*, and b* can be measured using a colorimeter.

[0766] The first laminate may have the above-mentioned haze change. Also, the first color-changing layer may have the above-mentioned L* change, the above-mentioned a* change, and the above-mentioned b* change.

[0767] Therefore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can reduce the change in appearance caused by external sunlight. Therefore, even if the external environment changes, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can have a constant appearance.

[0768] Also, since the electrochromic device according to the embodiment includes the electron accommodating substance, it can have a buffering effect on external light and driving voltage. Therefore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can have improved durability.

[0769] Fig.17 2 is a diagram showing a window device 1 according to an embodiment.

[0770] refer to Fig.17 The window device 1 of the embodiment includes the electrochromic device 10 , a frame 20 , windows 31 , 32 , 33 , a plug-in assembly 40 and a power supply unit 50 .

[0771] The frame 20 may be composed of more than one component. For example, the frame 20 may be composed of more than one material, such as vinyl, PVC, aluminum (Al), steel, or fiberglass. The frame 20 fixes the windows 31, 32, 33 and seals the space between the windows 31, 32, 33. And,

[0772] The frame 20 may hold or contain foam or other material components. The frame 20 may include gaskets, which may be disposed between adjacent windows 31, 32, 33. And, the gaskets may hermetically seal the spaces between the windows 31, 32, 33 together with adhesive sealants.

[0773] The windows 31, 32, 33 are fixed to the frame 20. The windows 31, 32, 33 may be glass panes. The windows 31, 32, 33 may be conventional silicon oxide (SOx) based glass substrates such as soda lime glass or float glass, which are composed of about 75% silicon dioxide (SiO2) plus Na2O, CaO and several trace additives. However, any material with appropriate optical, electrical, thermal and mechanical properties may be used. The windows 31, 32, 33 may also include, for example, other glass materials, plastics and thermoplastic resins (e.g., poly(methyl methacrylate), polystyrene, polycarbonate, allyl diglycol carbonate, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN), poly(4-methyl-1-pentene), polyester, polyamide) or mirror materials. The windows 31, 32, 33 may include tempered glass.

[0774] The windows 31, 32, 33 may include a first window 31, a second window 32, and a third window 33. The first window 31 and the third window 33 may be disposed at the outermost sides, and the second window 32 may be disposed between the first window 31 and the third window 33.

[0775] The electrochromic device 10 is disposed between the first window 31 and the second window 32. The electrochromic device 10 may be laminated to the first window 31 and the second window 32.

[0776] The electrochromic device 10 may be laminated to the first window 31 through a first polyvinyl butyral sheet. That is, the first polyvinyl butyral sheet may be disposed on the first window 31 and the electrochromic device 10, and may be laminated to the first window 31 and the electrochromic device 10.

[0777] The electrochromic device 10 may be laminated to the second window 32 via a second polyvinyl butyral sheet. That is, the second polyvinyl butyral sheet may be disposed on the second window 32 and the electrochromic device 10, and may be laminated to the second window 32 and the electrochromic device 10.

[0778] A space 60 may be formed between the second window 32 and the third window 33. The space may be filled with one or more gases such as argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), or xenon (Xn).

[0779] The windows 31, 32, 33 can be the size of glass panels for residential or commercial window applications. The size of the glass panels can vary widely depending on the specific requirements of the residential or commercial company. In some embodiments, the windows 31, 32, 33 can be formed from architectural glass. Architectural glass is commonly used in commercial buildings, but can be used in residential buildings, usually, although not necessarily, to separate indoor environments from outdoor environments. In certain embodiments, a suitable architectural glass substrate can be at least about 20 inches by about 20 inches, and can also be larger, for example, can be about 80 inches by about 120 inches or larger. Architectural glass typically has a thickness of at least about 2 millimeters (mm), and can also be as thick as 6 mm or more.

[0780] In some embodiments, the windows 31, 32, 33 may have a thickness ranging from about 1 mm to about 10 mm.

[0781] In some embodiments, the windows 31, 32, 33 may be very thin and flexible, such as Gorilla Glass. ) or Willow™ Glass, each available from Corning Inc. in Corning, New York, can have a thickness of less than 0.3 mm or less than about 1 mm.

[0782] The plug-in assembly 40 may include a first electrical input portion 41 , a second electrical input portion 42 , a third electrical input portion 43 , a fourth electrical input portion 44 , and a fifth electrical input portion 45 .

[0783] In addition, the power supply unit 50 includes a first power terminal 51 and a second power terminal 52 .

[0784] The first electrical input portion 41 is electrically coupled to the first power terminal 51 via one or more electrical wires or other electrical connections, components or devices.

[0785] The first electrical input portion 41 may include a pin, a socket or other electrical connectors or conductors. Furthermore, the first electrical input portion 41 may be electrically connected to the electrochromic device 10 via a first bus bar (not shown). The first bus bar may be electrically connected to the second transparent electrode 400.

[0786] The second electrical input 42 is electrically coupled to the second power terminal 52 via one or more wires or other electrical connections, components or devices.

[0787] The second electrical input portion 42 may include a pin, a socket or other electrical connector or conductor. Also, the second electrical input portion 42 may be electrically connected to the electrochromic device 10 via a second bus bar (not shown). The second bus bar may be electrically connected to the first transparent electrode 300.

[0788] The third electrical input 43 may be coupled to equipment, system or building ground.

[0789] The fourth electrical input 44 and the fifth electrical input 45 can be used alone, for example, to control the communication between a controller or a microcontroller of the window device 1 and a network controller.

[0790] The power supply unit 50 supplies power to the electrochromic device 10 through the plug-in assembly 40. In addition, the power supply unit 50 may be controlled by the external controller and supply power of a predetermined waveform to the electrochromic device 10.

[0791] Furthermore, the features, structures, effects, etc. described in the above embodiments are included in at least one embodiment of the present invention, and are not necessarily limited to one embodiment. In addition, the features, structures, effects, etc. exemplified in each embodiment can be implemented by a person skilled in the art of the embodiment in combination or modification with other embodiments. Therefore, the contents involved in these combinations and modifications should be interpreted as being included in the scope of the present invention.

[0792] Although the above description is centered on the embodiment, this is only an example and does not limit the present invention, and a person skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs will recognize that various modifications and applications not illustrated in the above description can be made within the scope of the basic characteristics of the present embodiment. For example, it can be implemented by modifying each component specifically shown in the embodiment. Moreover, the differences related to these modifications and applications should be interpreted as being included in the scope of the present invention specified in the appended claims.

[0793] Preparation Example

[0794] ITO film: Hansung Industrial Co., Ltd., HI150-ABE-125A-AB

[0795] Tungsten oxide powder #1: Adchro Co., Limited, ELACO-W

[0796] Tungsten oxide powder #2: Skyspring Nanomaterials Inc, 8010CN

[0797] Tungsten oxide powder #3: Jiangxi LF cemented carbidetools CO LTD, blue tungsten oxide (BTO)

[0798] Nickel oxide powder: Adchro Co., Limited, ELACO-P

[0799] Carbon black: Mitsubishi Chemical Corp, MA-100

[0800] Carbon nanotubes: Avention, AV-481436

[0801] Gel polymer electrolyte composition #1

[0802] The reaction mixture was prepared by mixing about 39 parts by weight of dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (DPHA), about 80 parts by weight of ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide [BMI-TFSI], and about 1 part by weight of diethoxyacetophenone (DEAP), and adding LiBF4 (Li + Concentration: 1 mol / L) to prepare a gel polymer electrolyte composition.

[0803] Solvents: acetamide (AA), adiponitrile (AN), sulfolane (SF)

[0804] Lithium salt: LiClO4

[0805] Urethane Acrylate

[0806] About 4 molar parts of hexamethylene diisocyanate and about 6 molar parts of polyester polyol (United Chemical Company, U-1220) with a weight average molecular weight of about 2000 mol / g are added to a reactor, and about 500 ppm of a tin catalyst is added, and stirred at a temperature of about 85° C. for about 1 hour, and then 2 molar parts of a (meth)acrylate having a hydroxyl group are added, and stirred at a temperature of about 85° C. for about 1 hour to prepare an ester type urethane acrylic acid. The weight average molecular weight of the ester type urethane acrylic acid is about 12000 g / mol.

[0807] Epoxy Acrylate

[0808] 4 molar parts of glycerol diglycidyl ether (GDE) and 8 molar parts of 2-carboxyethyl acrylate (2-HEA) were added to a reactor, and about 500 ppm of an amine catalyst was added, and the mixture was stirred at a temperature of about 100° C. for about 1 hour to prepare glycerol epoxy acrylate.

[0809] Multifunctional acrylate: Miramer M500

[0810] Monofunctional acrylate: Miramer M150

[0811] Photoinitiator: Ethyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phenylphosphonate

[0812] Antioxidant: SHIN SEUNG HICHEM CO., LTD., Antioxidant-MD1024

[0813] Gel polymer electrolyte composition #2

[0814] The electrolyte composition is prepared by adding about 15 parts by weight of urethane acrylate, about 10 parts by weight of epoxy acrylate, about 5 parts by weight of multifunctional acrylate, about 5 parts by weight of monofunctional acrylate, about 1 part by weight of photoinitiator, about 15 parts by weight of lithium salt, about 50 parts by weight of acetamide and about 1 part by weight of antioxidant.

[0815] Example 1

[0816] The first color-changing material composition is prepared by uniformly mixing about 10 parts by weight of tungsten oxide powder #1, about 1 part by weight of TEOS, and about 90 parts by weight of ethanol. The first color-changing material composition is coated with a thickness of about 25 μm on the first ITO film, and a first color-changing layer with a thickness of about 600 nm is formed by a sol-gel reaction at a temperature of about 110°C for about 5 minutes. Then, an electron-accommodating material composition is prepared by uniformly mixing about 10 parts by weight of carbon black, about 1 part by weight of TEOS, and about 90 parts by weight of ethanol. Then, the electron-accommodating material composition is coated with a thickness of about 2.5 μm on the first color-changing layer, and a photoelectron reduction layer with a thickness of about 60 nm is formed by a sol-gel reaction at a temperature of about 110°C for about 5 minutes. Thus, a first stack including the first color-changing layer and the photoelectron reduction layer is formed.

[0817] The second color-changing material composition is prepared by uniformly mixing about 11 parts by weight of nickel oxide powder, about 1 part by weight of TEOS and about 89 parts by weight of ethanol. The second color-changing material composition is coated with a thickness of about 40 μm on the second ITO film, and a second laminate including a second color-changing layer with a thickness of 1200 nm is prepared by performing a sol-gel reaction at a temperature of about 120° C. for about 5 minutes. The gel polymer electrolyte composition #1 is coated with a thickness of about 100 μm on the first color-changing layer, and the second ITO film formed with the second color-changing layer is laminated on the coated gel polymer electrolyte composition #1, and the coated gel polymer electrolyte composition #1 is cured by ultraviolet light. Then, the laminate is placed at room temperature for about 14 hours for aging. Therefore, an electrochromic device according to an embodiment is prepared.

[0818] Examples 2 to 5 and Comparative Example 1

[0819] The electron accommodating material composition was prepared and the photoelectron reducing layer was formed as shown in the following Table 1. Furthermore, as shown in the following Table 1, the laminate was aged at room temperature.

[0820] Table 1

[0821]

[0822] Example 6

[0823] The first color-changing material composition is prepared by uniformly mixing about 10 parts by weight of tungsten oxide powder #1, about 1 part by weight of TEOS, about 90 parts by weight of ethanol, and about 0.1 parts by weight of carbon black. The first color-changing material composition is coated on the first ITO film with a thickness of about 40 μm, and the first color-changing layer is prepared by a sol-gel reaction at a temperature of about 110°C for about 5 minutes. Thus, a first laminate including the first ITO film and the first color-changing layer is prepared. The second color-changing material composition is prepared by uniformly mixing about 11 parts by weight of nickel oxide powder, about 1 part by weight of TEOS, and about 89 parts by weight of ethanol. The second color-changing material composition is coated on the second ITO film with a thickness of about 50 μm, and the second color-changing layer including the second color-changing layer is prepared by a sol-gel reaction at a temperature of about 120°C for about 5 minutes. The electrolyte composition is coated on the second color-changing layer with a thickness of about 100 μm. Then, a polyethylene terephthalate protective film including a release layer is provided on the coated electrolyte composition layer. Then, a second laminate is prepared by drying the coated electrolyte composition at a temperature of about 120° C. for about 10 minutes. Then, the first laminate and the second laminate are placed at room temperature and a relative humidity of 60% for about 90 days.

[0824] Then, the first stack and the second stack were laminated together, and the coated gel polymer electrolyte composition #2 was cured by ultraviolet light. Then, the stack was aged by leaving it at room temperature for about 14 hours. Thus, an electrochromic device according to an embodiment was prepared.

[0825] Example 7 to Example 10

[0826] As shown in Table 2 below, a first color-changing material composition was prepared and the first color-changing layer was formed. The remaining process was as described in Example 5.

[0827] Table 2

[0828]

[0829] Embodiment 11

[0830] A first color-changing material composition is prepared by uniformly mixing about 10 parts by weight of tungsten oxide powder #1, about 1 part by weight of TEOS, about 90 parts by weight of ethanol, and about 0.1 parts by weight of carbon black. The first color-changing material composition is coated on a first ITO film with a thickness of about 25 μm, and a first laminate including a first color-changing layer with a thickness of about 600 nm is prepared by a sol-gel reaction at a temperature of about 110°C for about 5 minutes. A second color-changing material composition is prepared by uniformly mixing about 11 parts by weight of nickel oxide powder, about 1 part by weight of TEOS, and about 89 parts by weight of ethanol. The second color-changing material composition is coated on a second ITO film with a thickness of about 40 μm, and a second laminate including a second color-changing layer with a thickness of 1200 nm is prepared by a sol-gel reaction at a temperature of about 120°C for about 5 minutes. The gel polymer electrolyte composition #1 having a thickness of about 100 μm was coated on the first color-changing layer, and the second ITO film having the second color-changing layer was laminated on the coated gel polymer electrolyte composition #1, and the coated gel polymer electrolyte composition #1 was cured by ultraviolet light. Then, the laminate was aged by leaving it at room temperature for about 14 hours. Thus, an electrochromic device according to an embodiment was prepared.

[0831] Examples 12 to 15 and Comparative Example 2

[0832] As shown in Table 3 below, the first color-changing material composition was prepared and the first color-changing layer was formed. The remaining processes were referred to Example 11. Furthermore, as shown in Table 3 below, the laminate was aged at room temperature.

[0833] Table 3

[0834]

[0835] Evaluation example

[0836] 1. Solar Simulator

[0837] The electrochromic device according to the embodiment was irradiated with about 1000 W / m by a solar simulator (TNE Tech Co., Ltd., ultraviolet weathering tester). 2 The simulated sunlight lasts for about 10 minutes.

[0838] 2. Total light transmittance

[0839] In the electrochromic devices prepared in the embodiments and preparation examples, the transmittance before the simulated sunlight irradiation and the transmittance after the simulated sunlight irradiation were measured as the total light transmittance by a solar spectrometer (EDTM company, SS2450) in the wavelength range of about 380nm to about 780nm.

[0840] 3. Haze

[0841] In the electrochromic devices prepared in the examples and preparation examples, the haze before the simulated sunlight irradiation and the haze after the simulated sunlight irradiation were measured by Konica-Minolta (CM-5).

[0842] 4. Color Value

[0843] In the electrochromic devices prepared in the embodiments and preparation examples, the color values ​​(L*, a* and b*) before the simulated sunlight irradiation and the color values ​​after the simulated sunlight irradiation were measured by a spectrophotometer (Konica-Minolta, CM-5).

[0844] 5. Charge and discharge test

[0845] In the electrochromic device prepared in the embodiment and the comparative example, the (-) electrode of the charge and discharge tester (WonATech, WBCS_D70714K1) is connected to the bus bonded to tungsten oxide, and the (+) electrode is connected to the bus bonded to nickel oxide, while being placed in a solar simulator and exposed to simulated sunlight. Then, when a prescribed voltage is applied and a sufficiently high decolorization transmittance is reached, each voltage is reversely connected to adjust by electrical deformation inside the charge and discharge tester, so that the (+) voltage is applied to the bus connected to tungsten oxide, and the (-) voltage is applied to the bus connected to nickel oxide, thereby performing a charge and discharge test by measuring the transmittance and the charge and discharge amount by repeatedly cycling to achieve a sufficiently low coloring transmittance as 1 cycle, thereby measuring the number of times the color change range after the prescribed cycle operation does not decrease and the charge and discharge amount remains above 80%.

[0846] 6. Decrease in transmittance after 90 days

[0847] In the first laminate prepared in the examples and comparative examples, the initial transmittance was measured, and the transmittance after 90 days was measured. The transmittance of the first laminate was measured as the total light transmittance using a solar spectrometer (EDTM, SS2450).

[0848] 7. Rise in fog after 90 days

[0849] In the first laminate prepared in Examples and Comparative Examples, the initial haze was measured, and the haze after 90 days was measured. The haze of the first laminate was measured as the total light transmittance using a solar spectrometer (EDTM, SS2450).

[0850] 8. Transmittance deviation after 90 days

[0851] The first laminate prepared in the examples and comparative examples was cut into a size of about 1 m×1 m and placed at room temperature and 60% relative humidity for about 90 days. Then, the transmittance was measured in the first laminate in a measurement area unit of about 5 cm×5 cm, and the maximum transmittance, minimum transmittance and average transmittance were obtained in the measurement area, and the transmittance deviation was obtained.

[0852] 9. Reduction of operating range

[0853] The electrochromic device prepared in the example was subjected to about 10,000 cycles of decolorization and coloring drive, and the initial operating range and the operating range after 10,000 cycles were measured. Therefore, the reduction in the operating range is obtained by the difference between the initial operating range and the operating range after 10,000 cycles.

[0854] 10. Operating range deviation

[0855] The first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode of the electrochromic device prepared in the embodiment and the comparative example are respectively installed with the first bus and the second bus. Then, a driving voltage of about 1.5V is applied to the first bus and the second bus to color the electrochromic device. Then, a driving voltage of about 1.5V is reversely applied to the colored sample to decolorize the sample. In this case, the coloring transmittance and the decoloring transmittance are measured in each measurement area, and the operating range caused by the difference between the coloring transmittance and the decoloring transmittance is measured. Then, the maximum operating range, the minimum operating range and the average operating range are obtained in the measurement area, and the reduction of the operating range is the value obtained by dividing the difference between the maximum operating range and the minimum operating range by the average operating range.

[0856] As shown in Table 4 below, in the electrochromic devices according to Examples and Comparative Examples, the first light transmittance, the second light transmittance, the first haze, and the second haze were measured.

[0857] Table 4

[0858]

[0859] As shown in Table 5 below, in the electrochromic devices according to Examples and Comparative Examples, color values ​​and charge and discharge times were measured.

[0860] Table 5

[0861]

[0862]

[0863] As shown in Table 4 and Table 5, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment has high light resistance characteristics to external sunlight.

[0864] As shown in Table 6 below, in the first stacked bodies and electrochromic devices according to Examples and Comparative Examples, the decrease in transmittance, the increase in haze, the transmittance deviation, and the operating range deviation were measured.

[0865] Table 6

[0866]

[0867] As shown in Table 6, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can suppress a decrease in transmittance and an increase in haze, and reduce a transmittance deviation and an operating range deviation.

[0868] As shown in Table 7 below, in the electrochromic devices according to Examples and Comparative Examples, the first light transmittance, the second light transmittance, the first haze, and the second haze were measured.

[0869] Table 7

[0870]

[0871] As shown in Table 8 below, in the electrochromic devices according to Examples and Comparative Examples, color values ​​and charge and discharge times were measured.

[0872] Table 8

[0873] distinguish First L* Second L* First a* Second a* First b* Second b* Charge and discharge times Embodiment 11 92.44 89.92 0.51 -4.13 2.27 -071 7000 Example 12 92.44 89.92 0.35 -2.28 2.28 0.79 10000 Example 13 83.05 74.87 -1.61 -5.59 1.89 -5.44 20000 Embodiment 14 83.19 74.95 -1.68 -5.64 1.99 -5.32 15000 Embodiment 15 92.39 90.05 -1.68 -1.43 1.87 0.23 20000 Comparative Example 2 94.33 84.19 0.56 -6.47 1.66 -4.40 3000

[0874] As shown in Table 7 and Table 8, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment has high light resistance characteristics to external sunlight.

Claims

1. An electrochromic device, in, include: a first substrate; a second substrate, disposed on the first substrate; and The electrochromic part is arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate. The light transmittance change rate measured by the following measurement method is less than 0.25, Determination method: The intensity is 1000W / m 2 The simulated sunlight is irradiated to the electrochromic part through the first substrate for 10 minutes, the first light transmittance of the electrochromic device is measured before irradiation with the simulated sunlight, and the second light transmittance of the electrochromic device is measured after irradiation with the simulated sunlight, and the light transmittance change rate is a value obtained by dividing the difference between the first light transmittance and the second light transmittance by the first light transmittance.

2. The electrochromic device according to claim 1, wherein: The haze change measured by the following measurement method is less than 5.5%, Determination method: The first haze of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment is measured before irradiating the simulated sunlight, and the second haze of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment is measured after irradiating the simulated sunlight, and the haze change is a value obtained by subtracting the first haze from the second haze.

3. The electrochromic device according to claim 2, wherein: The L* change measured by the following measurement method is less than 9, Determination method: The first L* of the first color-changing layer is measured before irradiation with the simulated sunlight, and the second L* of the first color-changing layer is measured after irradiation with the simulated sunlight, and the L* change is the absolute value of the value obtained by subtracting the first L* from the second L*.

4. The electrochromic device according to claim 3, wherein: The a* change determined by the following determination method is less than 5, Determination method: The first a* of the first color-changing layer is measured before irradiation with the simulated sunlight, and the second a* of the first color-changing layer is measured after irradiation with the simulated sunlight. The a* change is an absolute value of a value obtained by subtracting the first a* from the second a*.

5. The electrochromic device according to claim 4, wherein: The b* measured by the following measurement method changes by less than 10, Determination method: The first b* of the first color-changing layer is measured before irradiation with the simulated sunlight, and the second b* of the first color-changing layer is measured after irradiation with the simulated sunlight, and the b* change is the absolute value of the value obtained by subtracting the first b* from the second b*.

6. The electrochromic device according to claim 1, wherein: The electrochromic portion comprises: A first transparent electrode is disposed on the first substrate; A first color-changing layer, disposed on the first transparent electrode; A photoelectron reduction layer, disposed on the first color-changing layer; an electrolyte layer, disposed on the photoelectron reduction layer; A second color-changing layer, disposed on the electrolyte layer; and A second transparent electrode is disposed on the second color-changing layer, The first color-changing layer contains an electrochromic color-changing substance, The photoelectron reducing layer includes an electron accommodating substance having a band gap lower than a band gap of the electrochromic substance.

7. The electrochromic device according to claim 6, wherein: The first color-changing substance comprises tungsten oxide, The electron accommodating substance includes at least one selected from the group consisting of carbon black, carbon nanotubes, and graphene.

8. The electrochromic device according to claim 2, wherein: The first light transmittance is 50% to 85%, and the first haze is 0.1% to 5%.

9. The electrochromic device according to claim 5, wherein: The first L* is 80 to 100, the first a* is −2 to 1.5, and the first b* is 0.5 to 4.

10. The electrochromic device according to claim 6, wherein: The photoelectron reducing layer includes the electron accommodating substance and a binder.

11. A window device, in, include: frame; a window mounted on the frame; and an electrochromic device, arranged on the window, The electrochromic device comprises: a first substrate; a second substrate, disposed on the first substrate; and The electrochromic part is arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate. The light transmittance change rate measured by the following measurement method is less than 0.25, Determination method: The intensity is 1000W / m 2 The simulated sunlight is irradiated to the electrochromic part through the first substrate for 10 minutes, the first light transmittance of the electrochromic device is measured before irradiation with the simulated sunlight, and the second light transmittance of the electrochromic device is measured after irradiation with the simulated sunlight, and the light transmittance change rate is a value obtained by dividing the difference between the first light transmittance and the second light transmittance by the first light transmittance.

Images