Electrochromic device and window device including the same

Abstract

Embodiments provide an electrochromic device and a window apparatus including the same, the electrochromic device including: an electrochromic portion; and a photoelectron capping portion that absorbs photoelectrons generated when external light is incident on the electrochromic portion, whereby it is possible to achieve improved durability and discoloration speed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments relate to an electrochromic device and a window device including the same. Background Art

[0002] Electrochromic films are films that change color due to redox reactions in their respective oxidation and reduction electrodes when an electric potential is applied. They are films that allow users to artificially adjust visible light and ultraviolet light, etc., and use various types of inorganic oxides as electrode materials.

[0003] The electrochromic film as described above has been developed and patented in various ways. Looking at the contents of the patent application, Korean Patent Publication No. 2001-0087586 discloses a film in which indium tin oxide (Indium-tin) with conductivity is deposited on a glass film. In two ITO films 1A and 1B of oxide thin films, MoO3 as a reduced color-developing oxide is deposited on one, and WO3 as a reduced color-developing substance is deposited on the other, and then a lithium-based solid electrolyte as an alkali metal is deposited thereon, and polyaniline as a conductive polymer is placed between the two films, and passed through a high-frequency compression roller, and the color changes from transparent to blue when a voltage is applied, and a color-changing film by electric energy is disclosed in the Korean Authorized Utility Model Gazette No. 0184841, which is characterized in that indium tin oxide is deposited on a glass film with a thickness of 0.05 mm, and then a high-frequency roller is used to bond the two sides of a transition metal oxide film in which an α-PEO copolymer (copolymer) as a polymer solid electrolyte is sandwiched in the middle and WO3 as a reduced color-developing substance and IrO2 as an oxidized color-developing substance are deposited. Summary of the invention

[0004] Problem that the invention aims to solve

[0005] Embodiments are directed to providing an electrochromic device having improved durability.

[0006] The embodiment is directed to providing an electrochromic device and a window device including the same, which have various colors and a wide range of transmittance.

[0007] Embodiments are directed to providing an electrochromic device and a window device including the same, which have improved color changing speed and durability.

[0008] Means used to solve problems

[0009] An electrochromic device according to an embodiment includes: an electrochromic portion; and a photoelectron capping portion absorbing photoelectrons generated when external light is incident on the electrochromic portion.

[0010] In one embodiment, the electrochromic portion may include: a first substrate; a first transparent electrode, disposed on the first substrate; a first reduction-chromic layer, disposed on the first transparent electrode; an electrolyte layer, disposed on the first reduction-chromic layer; a first oxidation-chromic layer, disposed on the first electrolyte layer; a second transparent electrode, disposed on the first oxidation-chromic layer; and a second substrate, disposed on the second transparent electrode, and the photoelectrons may be generated in the first oxidation-chromic layer.

[0011] In one embodiment, the optoelectronic capping portion may be electrically connected to the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode.

[0012] In one embodiment, the optoelectronic capping portion may include: a third transparent electrode, electrically connected to the first transparent electrode; a second oxidative color-changing layer, disposed on the third transparent electrode; a second electrolyte layer, disposed on the second oxidative color-changing layer; a second reductive color-changing layer, disposed on the second electrolyte layer; and a fourth transparent electrode, disposed on the second reductive color-changing layer and electrically connected to the second transparent electrode.

[0013] In one embodiment, the first transparent electrode may be formed as a whole with the third transparent electrode, and the second transparent electrode may be formed as a whole with the fourth transparent electrode.

[0014] In one embodiment, the optoelectronic capping portion may include a first optoelectronic capping portion 12 and a second optoelectronic capping portion 13 extending parallel to each other, and the electrochromic portion may be disposed between the first optoelectronic capping portion 12 and the second optoelectronic capping portion 13 .

[0015] In one embodiment, the optoelectronic capping portion may be disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.

[0016] In one embodiment, the first reduction color-changing layer may include at least one selected from the group consisting of tungsten oxide, niobium pentoxide, vanadium pentoxide, titanium oxide, molybdenum oxide, viologen and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene); PEDOT, the second reduction color-changing layer may include at least one selected from the group consisting of tungsten oxide, niobium pentoxide, vanadium pentoxide, titanium oxide, molybdenum oxide, viologen and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene); the first oxidation color-changing layer may include at least one selected from the group consisting of Prussian blue, lithium nickel oxide and iridium oxide, and the second oxidation color-changing layer may include at least one selected from the group consisting of Prussian blue, lithium nickel oxide and iridium oxide.

[0017] In one embodiment, the first reduction color-changing layer can accommodate the cations contained in the first electrolyte layer by applying a driving voltage to the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode, and when the external light is incident on the electrochromic part, the second reduction color-changing layer can accommodate the cations contained in the second electrolyte layer.

[0018] In one embodiment, the first oxidized color-changing layer can release cations to the first electrolyte layer by applying a driving voltage to the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode, and when the external light is incident on the electrochromic portion, the second oxidized color-changing layer can release cations to the second electrolyte layer.

[0019] According to one embodiment, the electrochromic device includes: a first substrate; a first transparent electrode, which is arranged on the first substrate; a third transparent electrode, which is arranged on the first substrate and formed as a whole with the first transparent electrode; a first reduction color-changing layer, which is arranged on the first transparent electrode; a second oxidation color-changing layer, which is arranged on the third transparent electrode; an electrolyte layer, which covers the first reduction color-changing layer and the second oxidation color-changing layer; the first oxidation color-changing layer, which is arranged on the electrolyte layer; the second reduction color-changing layer, which is arranged on the electrolyte layer; the second transparent electrode, which is arranged on the first oxidation color-changing layer; the fourth transparent electrode, which is arranged on the second reduction color-changing layer and formed as a whole with the second transparent electrode; and a second substrate, which is arranged on the second transparent electrode and the fourth transparent electrode.

[0020] The window apparatus according to the embodiment may include: a frame; a window mounted on the frame; and the electrochromic device provided on the window.

[0021] According to an embodiment, the electrochromic device includes: a first substrate; a first electrochromic portion, which is arranged on the first substrate; and a second electrochromic portion, which is arranged below the first substrate, the first electrochromic portion has a first dark state and a first transmissive state, the second electrochromic portion has a second dark state and a second transmissive state, has a first color in the first dark state and the second transmissive state, and has a second color in the first transmissive state and the second dark state, and the first color and the second color are different from each other.

[0022] In one embodiment, the first electrochromic portion may include: a first transparent electrode, disposed on the first substrate; a first color-changing layer, disposed on the first transparent electrode; a first electrolyte layer, disposed on the first color-changing layer; a second color-changing layer, disposed on the first electrolyte layer; and a second transparent electrode, disposed on the second color-changing layer, and the second electrochromic portion may include: a third transparent electrode, disposed below the first substrate; a third color-changing layer, disposed below the third transparent electrode; a second electrolyte layer, disposed below the third color-changing layer; a fourth color-changing layer, disposed below the second electrolyte layer; and a fourth transparent electrode, disposed below the fourth color-changing layer.

[0023] In one embodiment, the b* of the first color may be greater than the b* of the second color.

[0024] In one embodiment, the difference between the b* of the first color and the b* of the second color may be 2 to 10.

[0025] In one embodiment, the transmittance in the first dark state and the second dark state may be 3% to 8%.

[0026] In one embodiment, the first electrochromic portion has a first transmission state, the second electrochromic portion has a second transmission state, and the transmittances in the first transmission state and the second transmission state may be 30% to 50%.

[0027] In one embodiment, the transmittance in the first dark state and the second transmittance state may be 10% to 20%, and the transmittance in the first transmittance state and the second dark state may be 10% to 20%.

[0028] In one embodiment, the first color-changing layer may include nickel oxide, and the third color-changing layer may include Prussian blue.

[0029] In one embodiment, the second color-changing layer and the third color-changing layer may include tungsten oxide or titanium oxide.

[0030] In one embodiment, the device may further include: a second substrate disposed on the first electrochromic portion; and a third substrate disposed below the second electrochromic portion.

[0031] In one embodiment, the first substrate, the second substrate and the third substrate may be flexible.

[0032] According to one embodiment, a window device includes: a frame; a window mounted on the frame; and an electrochromic device arranged on the window, the electrochromic device including: a first substrate; a first electrochromic portion arranged on the first substrate; and a second electrochromic portion arranged below the first substrate, the first electrochromic portion having a first dark state and a first transmissive state, the second electrochromic portion having a second dark state and a second transmissive state, having a first color in the first dark state and the second transmissive state, and having a second color in the first transmissive state and the second dark state, the first color and the second color being different from each other.

[0033] According to an embodiment, the electrochromic device includes: a first substrate; a first transparent electrode, arranged on the first substrate; a first color-changing layer, arranged on the first transparent electrode; an electrolyte layer, arranged on the first color-changing layer; a second color-changing layer, arranged on the electrolyte layer; a second transparent electrode, arranged on the second color-changing layer; a second substrate, arranged on the second transparent electrode; a first bus bar extending from a first corner area and connected to the first transparent electrode; and a second bus bar extending from the first corner area and connected to the second transparent electrode, the first transparent electrode including a first insulating pattern extending from the first corner area, and the second transparent electrode including a second insulating pattern extending from the first corner area.

[0034] In one embodiment, the first insulating pattern may extend from the first corner area to the central portion of the first substrate, and the second insulating pattern may extend from the first corner area to the central portion of the second substrate.

[0035] The electrochromic device according to an embodiment may further include a first open region which opens the upper surface of the first transparent electrode layer between the first side surface of the first substrate and the second side surface of the second substrate, and the first bus bar may be disposed in the first open region.

[0036] In one embodiment, the first substrate may include a third side surface connected to the first side surface in the first corner region, the second substrate may include a fourth side surface connected to the second side surface in the first corner region, a second open region opening the lower surface of the second transparent electrode may be formed between the third side surface and the fourth side surface, and the second bus may be arranged in the second open region.

[0037] According to an embodiment, the electrochromic device may further include a first sealing portion, which is disposed in the first open area and covers the first bus bar and the upper surface of the first transparent electrode.

[0038] According to an embodiment, the electrochromic device may further include a second sealing portion, which is disposed in the second open area and covers the lower surface of the second bus bar and the second transparent electrode.

[0039] In one embodiment, the first insulation patterns may further include fifth insulation patterns extending parallel to each other.

[0040] In one embodiment, the second insulation patterns may further include sixth insulation patterns extending parallel to each other.

[0041] According to one embodiment, the electrochromic device may include a second corner area, which is opposite to the first corner area with respect to the central portion of the first substrate. The electrochromic device may also include: a third bus extending from the second corner area and connected to the first transparent electrode; and a fourth bus extending from the second corner area and connected to the second transparent electrode.

[0042] In one embodiment, the first transparent electrode may further include a third insulating pattern extending from the second corner region, and the second transparent electrode may further include a fourth insulating pattern extending from the second corner region.

[0043] In one embodiment, the third insulation pattern may extend toward the central portion, and the fourth insulation pattern may extend toward the central portion.

[0044] In one embodiment, the first insulating pattern may expose an upper surface of the first substrate, and the second insulating pattern may expose a lower surface of the second substrate.

[0045] According to an embodiment, the window device includes: a frame; a window mounted on the frame; and an electrochromic device arranged on the window, the electrochromic device including: a first substrate; a first transparent electrode arranged on the first substrate; a first color-changing layer arranged on the first transparent electrode; an electrolyte layer arranged on the first color-changing layer; a second color-changing layer arranged on the electrolyte layer; a second transparent electrode arranged on the second color-changing layer; a second substrate arranged on the second transparent electrode; a first bus extending from a first corner area and connected to the first transparent electrode; and a second bus extending from the first corner area and connected to the second transparent electrode, the first transparent electrode including a first insulating pattern extending from the first corner area, and the second transparent electrode including a second insulating pattern extending from the first corner area.

[0046] Effects of the Invention

[0047] The electrochromic device according to the embodiment includes a photoelectron capping portion. When external light is incident on the electrochromic portion, photoelectrons may be generated. The photoelectrons may be accommodated in the photoelectron capping portion.

[0048] Therefore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can suppress an additional reaction caused by the photoelectrons, and can prevent the durability of the electrochromic portion from being reduced due to the additional reaction.

[0049] In particular, the optoelectronic capping portion is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. Furthermore, the first transparent electrode may be formed as a whole with the third transparent electrode, and the second transparent electrode may be formed as a whole with the fourth transparent electrode.

[0050] Therefore, the photoelectrons generated by the electrochromic portion may be easily transferred to the photoelectron capping portion through the first transparent electrode, the second transparent electrode, the third transparent electrode, and the fourth transparent electrode.

[0051] Therefore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have a simple structure, and may easily capture the photoelectrons.

[0052] In particular, the optoelectronic capping part may be inserted between the first substrate and the second substrate. Therefore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have a simple structure and may have improved durability.

[0053] The electrochromic device according to the embodiment includes a first electrochromic portion and a second electrochromic portion. In addition, the first electrochromic portion and the second electrochromic portion may have different colors in a first dark state and a second dark state, respectively. In particular, the first electrochromic portion and the second electrochromic portion may be stacked on each other.

[0054] Furthermore, the first electrochromic portion may have the first dark state and the first transmissive state, and the second electrochromic portion may have the second dark state and the second transmissive state.

[0055] Furthermore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may drive the first electrochromic portion and the second electrochromic portion independently of each other.

[0056] Therefore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can realize various colors and various light transmittances by combining the first dark state, the second dark state, the first transmittance state and the second transmittance state. That is, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can have a combination of the first dark state and the second dark state. The electrochromic device according to the embodiment can have a combination of the first dark state and the second transmittance state. The electrochromic device according to the embodiment can have a combination of the first transmittance state and the second dark state. The electrochromic device according to the embodiment can have a combination of the first transmittance state and the second transmittance state.

[0057] The electrochromic device according to the embodiment includes a first bus bar and a second bus bar extending from the first corner region in different directions, and the electrochromic device according to the embodiment includes a third bus bar and a fourth bus bar extending from the second corner region in different directions.

[0058] Therefore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may provide a driving signal to the first transparent electrode through the first bus bar and the third bus bar, and may provide a driving signal to the second transparent electrode through the second bus bar and the fourth bus bar.

[0059] Therefore, since the electrochromic device according to the embodiment provides driving signals from four sides, the entire surface can have a fast color change speed. In particular, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can have uniform color change on the whole and a fast color change speed.

[0060] Furthermore, in the first corner region, the first bus bar and the second bus bar may be adjacent to each other. The first insulation pattern and the second insulation pattern may increase the length of an electrical path of the first bus bar and the second bus bar.

[0061] Therefore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can suppress the degradation of the regions adjacent to the first corner region and the second corner region. Therefore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can have improved durability.

[0062] Furthermore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can suppress the color change speed in the region where the first bus bar and the second bus bar are adjacent to each other from becoming faster. Therefore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can have a uniform color change speed as a whole.

[0063] Furthermore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may include a first sealing portion covering the first bus bar and a second sealing portion covering the second bus bar. Therefore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may effectively protect the color-changing layer and the electrolyte layer inside. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0064] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a top view showing an electrochromic device according to an embodiment.

[0065] Figure 2 To show the Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the section cut along A-A'.

[0066] Figures 3 to 6 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a process of preparing an electrochromic device according to an embodiment.

[0067] Figure 7 FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section of an electrochromic device cut along a width direction according to another embodiment.

[0068] Figures 8 to 11 FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a process of preparing an electrochromic device according to another embodiment.

[0069] Fig.12 FIG. 1 is a top view showing an electrochromic device according to yet another embodiment.

[0070] Fig.13 FIG. 4 is a top view showing a first transparent electrode according to yet another embodiment.

[0071] Fig.14 FIG. 4 is a top view showing a second transparent electrode according to yet another embodiment.

[0072] Fig.15 To show Fig.12 A cross-sectional view of the section cut along A-A'.

[0073] Fig.16 To show Fig.12 A cross-sectional view of the section cut along BB'.

[0074] Figures 17 to 24 FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a process of preparing an electrochromic device according to yet another embodiment.

[0075] Fig.25 FIG. 4 is a top view showing a first transparent electrode according to yet another embodiment.

[0076] Fig.26 FIG. 4 is a top view showing a second transparent electrode according to yet another embodiment.

[0077] Fig. 27 is a diagram illustrating a window apparatus including an electrochromic device according to an embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0078] In the description of the embodiments, when each part, surface, layer or substrate is described as being formed "on" or "under" the part, surface, layer or substrate, it includes being formed "on" and "under" directly or "formed "on" and "under" by inserting other components (indirectly). In addition, the reference for the top or bottom of each component is described based on the drawings. The size of each component in the drawings may be exaggerated for the purpose of explanation and does not mean the size of actual application.

[0079] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a top view showing an electrochromic device according to an embodiment. Figure 2 To show the Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the section cut along A-A'.

[0080] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 According to the embodiment, the electrochromic device 10 includes an electrochromic portion 11 and optoelectronic capping portions 12 and 13 .

[0081] The electrochromic portion 11 is disposed in the central portion. The electrochromic portion 11 may occupy most of the plane area of ​​the electrochromic device according to the embodiment. In the electrochromic device according to the embodiment, the electrochromic portion 11 may occupy about 1% to about 10% of the plane area based on the total plane area.

[0082] The electrochromic portion 11 may adjust the light transmittance of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment by an external driving voltage.

[0083] The optoelectronic capping portion is disposed at a periphery. The optoelectronic capping portion is disposed at one side of the electrochromic portion 11. The optoelectronic capping portion is disposed at a periphery of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment.

[0084] The optoelectronic capping portion may have a shape extending in one direction. The electrochromic device according to an embodiment may extend along a length direction. The optoelectronic capping portion may have a shape extending along the length direction. In this case, based on the total width of the electrochromic device according to an embodiment, the width of the optoelectronic capping portion may be about 1% to about 10%.

[0085] The optoelectronic capping portion may include a first optoelectronic capping portion 12 and a second optoelectronic capping portion 13 .

[0086] The first optoelectronic capping portion 12 and the second optoelectronic capping portion 13 may have shapes extending parallel to each other. The electrochromic portion 11 may be disposed between the first optoelectronic capping portion 12 and the second optoelectronic capping portion 13 .

[0087] refer to Figure 2 The electrochromic portion 11 includes a first substrate 100 , a second substrate 200 , a first transparent electrode 300 , a second transparent electrode 400 , a first reduction discoloration layer 500 , a first oxidation discoloration layer 600 and a first electrolyte layer 700 .

[0088] The first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 together support the first transparent electrode 300 , the first reduction color-changing layer 500 , the first oxidation color-changing layer 600 , the second transparent electrode 400 , and the first electrolyte layer 700 .

[0089] Furthermore, the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 sandwich the first transparent electrode 300, the first reduction color-changing layer 500, the first oxidation color-changing layer 600, the second transparent electrode 400 and the first electrolyte layer 700. The first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 can protect the first transparent electrode 300, the first reduction color-changing layer 500, the first oxidation color-changing layer 600, the second transparent electrode 400 and the first electrolyte layer 700 from external physical and chemical impacts.

[0090] The first substrate 100 may include a polymer resin. The first substrate 100 may include at least one selected from the group consisting of polyester resin, polyimide resin, cycloolefin polymer resin, polyethersulfone, polycarbonate, and polyolefin resin.

[0091] The first substrate 100 may include a polyester resin as a main component. The first substrate 100 may include polyethylene terephthalate. Based on the total amount of the composition, the first substrate 100 may include about 90wt% or more of the polyethylene terephthalate. Based on the total amount of the composition, the first substrate 100 may include about 95wt% or more of the polyethylene terephthalate. Based on the total amount of the composition, the first substrate 100 may include about 97wt% or more of the polyethylene terephthalate. Based on the total amount of the composition, the first substrate 100 may include about 98wt% or more of the polyethylene terephthalate.

[0092] The first substrate 100 may include a uniaxially or biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate film. The first substrate 100 may include a polyethylene terephthalate film stretched by about 2 times to about 5 times in a length direction and / or a width direction.

[0093] When applied to windows of buildings or vehicles, the first substrate 100 may have high mechanical properties to enhance the strength of the glass.

[0094] The first substrate 100 may have a strength of about 7 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 40kgf / mm 2 The first substrate 100 may have a tensile strength of about 8 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 35kgf / mm 2 tensile strength.

[0095] The first substrate 100 may have a strength of about 7 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 40kgf / mm 2 The first substrate 100 may have a tensile strength of about 8 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 35kgf / mm 2 tensile strength.

[0096] The first substrate 100 may have a strength of about 200 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 400kgf / mm 2 The first substrate 100 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 350kgf / mm 2 The first substrate 100 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 270kgf / mm 2 The modulus.

[0097] The first substrate 100 may have a strength of about 200 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 400kgf / mm 2 The first substrate 100 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 350kgf / mm 2 The first substrate 100 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 270kgf / mm 2 The modulus.

[0098] The first substrate 100 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to about 150% along the length direction. The first substrate 100 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to about 130% along the length direction. The first substrate 100 may have an elongation at break of about 40% to about 120% along the length direction.

[0099] The first substrate 100 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to about 150% along the length direction. The first substrate 100 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to about 130% along the length direction. The first substrate 100 may have an elongation at break of about 40% to about 120% along the length direction.

[0100] The first substrate 100 may have a breaking elongation of about 30% to about 150% along the width direction. The first substrate 100 may have a breaking elongation of about 30% to about 130% along the width direction. The first substrate 100 may have a breaking elongation of about 40% to about 120% along the width direction.

[0101] The modulus, the elongation at break, and the tensile strength may be measured according to KS B 5521.

[0102] In addition, the modulus, the tensile strength, and the elongation at break may be measured according to ASTM D882.

[0103] Since the first substrate 100 has the improved mechanical strength as described above, it is possible to effectively protect the first transparent electrode 300, the second transparent electrode 400, the first reduction color-changing layer 500, the first oxidation color-changing layer 600, and the first electrolyte layer 700. Furthermore, since the first substrate 100 has the improved mechanical strength as described above, it is possible to effectively enhance the mechanical strength of the glass to be attached.

[0104] The first substrate 100 may include glass. The first substrate 100 may be a glass substrate.

[0105] Also, the first substrate 100 may have high chemical resistance. Therefore, even if the electrolyte contained in the electrolyte layer leaks to the first substrate 100, damage to the surface of the first substrate 100 may be minimized.

[0106] The first substrate 100 may have improved optical properties. The total light transmittance of the first substrate 100 may be about 55% or more. The total light transmittance of the first substrate 100 may be about 70% or more. The total light transmittance of the first substrate 100 may be about 75% to about 99%. The total light transmittance of the first substrate 100 may be about 80% to about 99%.

[0107] The haze of the first substrate 100 may be about 20% or less. The haze of the first substrate 100 may be about 0.1% to about 20%. The haze of the first substrate 100 may be about 0.1% to about 10%. The haze of the first substrate 100 may be about 0.1% to about 7%.

[0108] The total light transmittance and the haze can be measured according to ASTM D 1003 or the like.

[0109] Since the first substrate 100 has appropriate total light transmittance and haze, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can have improved optical characteristics. That is, since the first substrate 100 has appropriate transmittance and haze, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can be applied to a window to appropriately adjust the transmittance, minimize the distortion of an image from the outside, and have an improved appearance.

[0110] Also, the first substrate 100 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 100 nm to about 4000 nm, the first substrate 100 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 200 nm to about 3500 nm, and the first substrate 100 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 200 nm to about 3000 nm.

[0111] The first substrate 100 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 7000 nm or more. The first substrate 100 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 7000 nm to about 50000 nm. The first substrate 100 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 8000 nm to about 20000 nm.

[0112] The in-plane phase difference may be obtained according to the refractive index and thickness of the first substrate 100 .

[0113] Since the first substrate 100 has the in-plane phase difference as described above, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have an improved appearance.

[0114] The thickness of the first substrate 100 may be about 10 μm to about 200 μm. The thickness of the first substrate 100 may be about 23 μm to about 150 μm. The thickness of the first substrate 100 may be about 30 μm to about 120 μm.

[0115] The first substrate 100 may include an organic or inorganic filler. The organic or inorganic filler may function as an anti-adhesive agent.

[0116] The average particle size of the filler may be about 0.1 μm to about 5 μm. The average particle size of the filler may be about 0.1 μm to about 3 μm. The average particle size of the filler may be about 0.1 μm to about 1 μm.

[0117] The filler may be at least one selected from the group consisting of silica particles, barium sulfate particles, alumina particles, and titanium dioxide particles.

[0118] And, the filler may be included in the first substrate 100 at a content of about 0.01 wt % to about 3 wt % based on the total amount of the first substrate 100. The filler may be included in the first substrate 100 at a content of about 0.05 wt % to about 2 wt % based on the total amount of the first substrate 100.

[0119] The first substrate 100 may have a single-layer structure. For example, the first substrate 100 may be a single-layer polyester film.

[0120] The first substrate 100 may have a multi-layer structure. For example, the first substrate 100 may be a multi-layer co-extruded film. The multi-layer co-extruded structure may include a core layer, a first surface layer and a second surface layer. The filler may be contained in the first surface layer and the second surface layer.

[0121] The second substrate 200 is opposite to the first substrate 100. The second substrate 200 is disposed on the first substrate 100. One end of the second substrate 200 may be disposed to be offset from one end of the first substrate 100. The other end of the second substrate 200 may be disposed to be offset from the other end of the first substrate 100.

[0122] The second substrate 200 supports the first transparent electrode 300 , the first reduction color-changing layer 500 , the first oxidation color-changing layer 600 , the second transparent electrode 400 , and the first electrolyte layer 700 together with the first substrate 100 .

[0123] Furthermore, the second substrate 200 sandwiches the first transparent electrode 300, the first reduction color-changing layer 500, the first oxidation color-changing layer 600, the second transparent electrode 400 and the first electrolyte layer 700 together with the first substrate 100. The second substrate 200 can protect the first transparent electrode 300, the first reduction color-changing layer 500, the first oxidation color-changing layer 600, the second transparent electrode 400 and the first electrolyte layer 700 from external physical and chemical impacts together with the first substrate 100.

[0124] The second substrate 200 may include a polymer resin. The second substrate 200 may include at least one selected from the group consisting of a polyester resin, a polyimide resin, a cycloolefin polymer resin, polyethersulfone, polycarbonate, and a polyolefin resin.

[0125] The second substrate 200 may include a polyester resin as a main component. The second substrate 200 may include polyethylene terephthalate. Based on the total amount of the composition, the second substrate 200 may include about 90wt% or more of the polyethylene terephthalate. Based on the total amount of the composition, the second substrate 200 may include about 95wt% or more of the polyethylene terephthalate. Based on the total amount of the composition, the second substrate 200 may include about 97wt% or more of the polyethylene terephthalate. Based on the total amount of the composition, the second substrate 200 may include about 98wt% or more of the polyethylene terephthalate.

[0126] The second substrate 200 may include a uniaxially or biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate film. The second substrate 200 may include a polyethylene terephthalate film stretched by about 2 times to about 5 times in a length direction and / or a width direction.

[0127] When applied to windows of buildings or vehicles, the second substrate 200 may have high mechanical properties to enhance the strength of the glass.

[0128] The second substrate 200 may have a strength of about 7 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 40kgf / mm 2 The second substrate 200 may have a tensile strength of about 8 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 35kgf / mm 2 tensile strength.

[0129] The second substrate 200 may have a strength of about 7 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 40kgf / mm 2The second substrate 200 may have a tensile strength of about 8 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 35kgf / mm 2 tensile strength.

[0130] The second substrate 200 may have a strength of about 200 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 400kgf / mm 2 The second substrate 200 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 350kgf / mm 2 The second substrate 200 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 270kgf / mm 2 The modulus.

[0131] The second substrate 200 may have a strength of about 200 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 400kgf / mm 2 The second substrate 200 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 350kgf / mm 2 The second substrate 200 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 270kgf / mm 2 The modulus.

[0132] The second substrate 200 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to about 150% along the length direction. The second substrate 200 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to about 130% along the length direction. The second substrate 200 may have an elongation at break of about 40% to about 120% along the length direction.

[0133] The second substrate 200 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to about 150% along the length direction. The second substrate 200 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to about 130% along the length direction. The second substrate 200 may have an elongation at break of about 40% to about 120% along the length direction.

[0134] The second substrate 200 may have a breaking elongation of about 30% to about 150% along the width direction. The second substrate 200 may have a breaking elongation of about 30% to about 130% along the width direction. The second substrate 200 may have a breaking elongation of about 40% to about 120% along the width direction.

[0135] Since the second substrate 200 can have the improved mechanical strength as described above, it is possible to effectively protect the first transparent electrode 300, the second transparent electrode 400, the first reduction color-changing layer 500, the first oxidation color-changing layer 600, and the first electrolyte layer 700. In addition, since the second substrate 200 can have the improved mechanical strength as described above, it is possible to effectively enhance the mechanical strength of the glass to be attached.

[0136] Also, the second substrate 200 may have high chemical resistance. Therefore, even if the electrolyte contained in the electrolyte layer leaks to the second substrate 200, damage to the surface of the second substrate 200 may be minimized.

[0137] The second substrate 200 may include glass. The second substrate 200 may be a glass substrate.

[0138] The second substrate 200 may have improved optical properties. The total light transmittance of the second substrate 200 may be about 55% or more. The total light transmittance of the second substrate 200 may be about 70% or more. The total light transmittance of the second substrate 200 may be about 75% to about 99%. The total light transmittance of the second substrate 200 may be about 80% to about 99%.

[0139] The haze of the second substrate 200 may be about 20% or less. The haze of the second substrate 200 may be about 0.1% to about 20%. The haze of the second substrate 200 may be about 0.1% to about 10%. The haze of the second substrate 200 may be about 0.1% to about 7%.

[0140] Since the second substrate 200 has appropriate total light transmittance and haze, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can have improved optical characteristics. That is, since the second substrate 200 has appropriate transmittance and haze, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can be applied to the window to appropriately adjust the transmittance, minimize the distortion of the image from the outside, and have an improved appearance.

[0141] Also, the second substrate 200 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 100 nm to about 4000 nm, the second substrate 200 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 200 nm to about 3500 nm, or the second substrate 200 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 200 nm to about 3000 nm.

[0142] The second substrate 200 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 7000 nm or more. The second substrate 200 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 7000 nm to about 50000 nm. The second substrate 200 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 8000 nm to about 20000 nm.

[0143] The in-plane phase difference may be obtained according to the refractive index and thickness of the second substrate 200 .

[0144] Since the second substrate 200 has the in-plane phase difference as described above, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have an improved appearance.

[0145] The second substrate 200 may have a thickness of about 10 μm to about 200 μm, the first substrate 100 may have a thickness of about 23 μm to about 150 μm, and the first substrate 100 may have a thickness of about 30 μm to about 120 μm.

[0146] The second substrate 200 may include an organic or inorganic filler. The organic or inorganic filler may function as an anti-adhesive agent.

[0147] The average particle size of the filler may be about 0.1 μm to about 5 μm. The average particle size of the filler may be about 0.1 μm to about 3 μm. The average particle size of the filler may be about 0.1 μm to about 1 μm.

[0148] The filler may be at least one selected from the group consisting of silica particles, barium sulfate particles, alumina particles, and titanium dioxide particles.

[0149] And, the filler may be included in the second substrate 200 at a content of about 0.01 wt % to about 3 wt % based on the total amount of the second substrate 200. The filler may be included in the second substrate 200 at a content of about 0.05 wt % to about 2 wt % based on the total amount of the second substrate 200.

[0150] The second substrate 200 may have a single-layer structure. For example, the second substrate 200 may be a single-layer polyester film.

[0151] The second substrate 200 may have a multi-layer structure. For example, the second substrate 200 may be a multi-layer co-extruded film.

[0152] The first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 may be flexible. Therefore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be flexible as a whole.

[0153] The first transparent electrode 300 is disposed on the first substrate 100. The first transparent electrode 300 may be formed on the first substrate 100 by deposition. In addition, a hard coating layer may be further included between the first transparent electrode 300 and the first substrate 100.

[0154] The first transparent electrode 300 may include at least one selected from the group consisting of tin oxide, zinc oxide, silver (Ag), chromium (Cr), indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO), aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO), gallium doped zinc oxide (GZO), antimony doped tin oxide (ATO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), niobium doped titanium oxide (NTO) and cadmium tin oxide (CTO).

[0155] Furthermore, the first transparent electrode 300 may include graphene, silver nanowires and / or metal mesh.

[0156] The first transparent electrode 300 may have a total light transmittance of about 80% or more. The first transparent electrode 300 may have a total light transmittance of about 85% or more. The first transparent electrode 300 may have a total light transmittance of about 88% or more.

[0157] The first transparent electrode 300 may have a haze of about 10% or less. The first transparent electrode 300 may have a haze of about 7% or less. The first transparent electrode 300 may have a haze of about 5% or less.

[0158] The sheet resistance of the first transparent electrode 300 may be about 1 Ω / sq to 60 Ω / sq. The sheet resistance of the first transparent electrode 300 may be about 1 Ω / sq to 40 Ω / sq. The sheet resistance of the first transparent electrode 300 may be about 1 Ω / sq to 30 Ω / sq.

[0159] The thickness of the first transparent electrode 300 may be about 50 nm to about 50 μm. The thickness of the first transparent electrode 300 may be about 100 nm to about 10 μm. The thickness of the first transparent electrode 300 may be about 150 nm to about 5 μm.

[0160] The first transparent electrode 300 is electrically connected to the first reduction color-changing layer 500 . Furthermore, the first transparent electrode 300 is electrically connected to the first electrolyte layer 700 through the first reduction color-changing layer 500 .

[0161] The second transparent electrode 400 is disposed below the second substrate 200. The second transparent electrode 400 may be formed on the second substrate 200 by deposition. In addition, a hard coating layer may be further included between the second transparent electrode 400 and the second substrate 200.

[0162] The second transparent electrode 400 may include at least one selected from the group consisting of tin oxide, zinc oxide, silver, chromium, indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, gallium-doped zinc oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, niobium-doped titanium oxide, and cadmium tin oxide.

[0163] Furthermore, the second transparent electrode 400 may include graphene, silver nanowires and / or metal mesh.

[0164] The second transparent electrode 400 may have a total light transmittance of about 80% or more. The second transparent electrode 400 may have a total light transmittance of about 85% or more. The second transparent electrode 400 may have a total light transmittance of about 88% or more.

[0165] The second transparent electrode 400 may have a haze of about 10% or less. The second transparent electrode 400 may have a haze of about 7% or less. The second transparent electrode 400 may have a haze of about 5% or less.

[0166] The second transparent electrode 400 may have a sheet resistance of about 1 Ω / sq to 60 Ω / sq. The second transparent electrode 400 may have a sheet resistance of about 1 Ω / sq to 40 Ω / sq. The second transparent electrode 400 may have a sheet resistance of about 1 Ω / sq to 30 Ω / sq.

[0167] The thickness of the second transparent electrode 400 may be about 50 nm to about 50 μm. The thickness of the second transparent electrode 400 may be about 100 nm to about 10 μm. The thickness of the second transparent electrode 400 may be about 150 nm to about 5 μm.

[0168] The second transparent electrode 400 is electrically connected to the first oxidized color-changing layer 600 . Furthermore, the second transparent electrode 400 is electrically connected to the first electrolyte layer 700 through the first oxidized color-changing layer 600 .

[0169] The first reduction color-changing layer 500 is disposed on the first transparent electrode 300. The first reduction color-changing layer 500 may be directly disposed on the upper surface of the first transparent electrode 300. The first reduction color-changing layer 500 may be directly electrically connected to the first transparent electrode 300.

[0170] The first reduction color-changing layer 500 is electrically connected to the first transparent electrode 300. The first reduction color-changing layer 500 may be directly connected to the first transparent electrode 300. Furthermore, the first reduction color-changing layer 500 is electrically connected to the first electrolyte layer 700. The first reduction color-changing layer 500 may be directly connected to the first electrolyte layer 700.

[0171] The first reduction-chromic layer 500 may change color by receiving electrons. The first reduction-chromic layer 500 may include a first electrochromic substance that changes color by receiving electrons. The first electrochromic substance may include at least one selected from the group consisting of tungsten oxide, niobium pentoxide, vanadium pentoxide, titanium oxide, molybdenum oxide, viologen, and poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene).

[0172] The first reduction color-changing layer 500 may include the first electrochromic substance in the form of particles. The tungsten oxide, niobium pentoxide, vanadium pentoxide, titanium oxide, and molybdenum oxide may be particles with a particle size of about 1 nm to about 200 nm.

[0173] Furthermore, the first reduction color-changing layer 500 may further include an adhesive. The adhesive may be an inorganic adhesive. The adhesive may include silica gel. The adhesive may be formed by silica sol including tetramethoxysilane or methyltrimethoxysilane.

[0174] The first oxidized color-changing layer 600 is disposed below the second transparent electrode 400. The first oxidized color-changing layer 600 may be directly disposed on the lower surface of the second transparent electrode 400. The first oxidized color-changing layer 600 may be directly electrically connected to the second transparent electrode 400.

[0175] The first oxidized color layer 600 is electrically connected to the second transparent electrode 400. The first oxidized color layer 600 may be directly connected to the second transparent electrode 400. Furthermore, the first oxidized color layer 600 is electrically connected to the first electrolyte layer 700. The first oxidized color layer 600 may be electrically connected to the first electrolyte layer 700.

[0176] The first oxidized color-changing layer 600 may change color by losing electrons. The first oxidized color-changing layer 600 may include a second electrochromic substance that changes color by losing electrons and oxidizing. The first oxidized color-changing layer 600 may include at least one selected from the group consisting of Prussian blue, nickel oxide, and iridium oxide.

[0177] The first oxidized color-changing layer 600 may include the second electrochromic substance in the form of particles. The Prussian blue, nickel oxide, and iridium oxide may be particles with a particle size of about 1 nm to about 200 nm.

[0178] Furthermore, the first oxidized color-changing layer 600 may further include the adhesive.

[0179] The first electrolyte layer 700 is disposed on the first reduction color-changing layer 500. Furthermore, the first electrolyte layer 700 is disposed below the first oxidation color-changing layer 600. The first electrolyte layer 700 is disposed between the first reduction color-changing layer 500 and the first oxidation color-changing layer 600.

[0180] The first electrolyte layer 700 may include a solid polymer electrolyte or an inorganic hydrate containing metal ions. The first electrolyte layer 700 may include lithium ions (Li + ), sodium ion (Na + ), potassium ion (K + )wait.

[0181] Specifically, poly-AMPS, PEO / LiCF3SO3, etc. can be used as the solid polymer electrolyte, and Sb2O5.4H2O, etc. can be used as the inorganic hydrate.

[0182] Furthermore, the first electrolyte layer 700 is a structure for providing electrolyte ions that participate in the electrochromic reaction. The electrolyte ions may be, for example, H + , Li + 、Na + , K + , Rb + or Cs + 1-valent cation.

[0183] The first electrolyte layer 700 may include an electrolyte. As examples of the electrolyte, a liquid electrolyte, a gel polymer electrolyte, or an inorganic solid electrolyte may be used without limitation. Furthermore, the electrolyte may be used in a layer or film form so that it may be stacked together with the electrode or substrate.

[0184] The type of electrolyte salt used in the first electrolyte layer 700 is not particularly limited as long as it can contain a salt capable of providing a monovalent cation, i.e., H +, Li + 、Na + , K + , Rb + or Cs + For example, the first electrolyte layer 700 may include LiClO4, LiBF4, LiAsF6, LiPF6, LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiB 10 Cl 10 , lithium salt compounds such as LiCF3SO3, LiCF3CO2, LiAsF6, LiSbF6, LiAlCl4, CH3SO3Li, CF3SO3Li or (CF3SO2)2NLi; or sodium salt compounds such as NaClO4.

[0185] In one example, the first electrolyte layer 700 may include a compound containing Cl or F as an electrolyte salt. Specifically, the first electrolyte layer 700 may include a compound selected from LiClO4, LiBF4, LiAsF6, LiPF6, LiCl, LiB 10 Cl 10 , LiCF3SO3, LiCF3CO2, LiAsF6, LiSbF6, LiAlCl4, CF3SO3Li, (CF3SO2)2NLi and NaClO4.

[0186] The electrolyte may also include a carbonate compound as a solvent. Since carbonate compounds have a high dielectric constant, ionic conductivity can be improved. As a non-limiting example, solvents such as propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) or ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC) may be used as carbonate compounds.

[0187] In another example, when the first electrolyte layer 700 includes a gel polymer electrolyte, the first electrolyte layer 700 may include polyvinyl sulfonic acid, polystyrene sulfonic acid, polyethylene sulfonic acid, poly-2-acrylamido-2methyl-propane sulfonic acid, poly-perfluoro sulfonic acid, poly-toluene sulfonic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene imine, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide (PEO), polypropylene oxide (PPO), poly (ethylene oxide, siloxane) (PEOS), poly (ethylene glycol, siloxane) (poly-(ethylene Polymers such as polyol, polypropylene oxide, polysiloxane), poly(propylene oxide, polysiloxane), poly(ethylene oxide, polymethyl methacrylate), poly(ethylene oxide, acrylic acid), poly(propylene glycol, polymethyl methacrylate ...

[0188] Furthermore, the first electrolyte layer 700 may include a curable resin that can be cured by ultraviolet irradiation or heat. The curable resin may be at least one selected from the group consisting of acrylate oligomers, polyethylene glycol oligomers, urethane oligomers, polyester oligomers, polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and polyethylene glycol diacrylate. Furthermore, the first electrolyte layer 700 may include a photocuring initiator and / or a thermal curing initiator.

[0189] The thickness of the first electrolyte layer 700 may be about 10 μm to about 200 μm. The thickness of the first electrolyte layer 700 may be about 50 μm to about 150 μm.

[0190] The first electrolyte layer 700 may have a transmittance in the range of 60% to 95%. Specifically, the transmittance of the first electrolyte layer 700 in the wavelength range of 380nm to 780nm, more specifically, in the visible light of 400nm or 550nm, may be in the range of 60% to 95%. The transmittance may be measured using a known haze meter (HM).

[0191] The first optoelectronic capping portion 12 is disposed on one side of the electrochromic portion 11. The first optoelectronic capping portion 12 is disposed between the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200.

[0192] The first photoelectron capping portion 12 includes a third transparent electrode 310 , a second oxidative discoloration layer 610 , a second electrolyte layer 710 , a second reductive discoloration layer 510 , and a fourth transparent electrode.

[0193] The third transparent electrode 310 is disposed on the first substrate 100. The third transparent electrode 310 is disposed beside the first transparent electrode 300. The third transparent electrode 310 may be disposed on the upper surface of the first substrate 100. The third transparent electrode 310 may be disposed on the same plane as the first transparent electrode 300.

[0194] The third transparent electrode 310 may be electrically connected to the first transparent electrode 300. The third transparent electrode 310 may be directly physically connected to the first transparent electrode 300. The third transparent electrode 310 may be formed as one body with the first transparent electrode 300. That is, when the first transparent electrode 300 is formed, the third transparent electrode 310 may be formed of the same material as the first transparent electrode 300.

[0195] The second oxidized color layer 610 is disposed on the third transparent electrode 310. The second oxidized color layer 610 may be disposed next to the first reduced color layer 500. The second oxidized color layer 610 may be disposed on the same plane as the first reduced color layer 500. Although not shown in the figure, the second oxidized color layer 610 and the first reduced color layer 500 may be spaced apart by a specified distance.

[0196] The second oxidized color layer 610 may be disposed on the upper surface of the third transparent electrode 310. The second oxidized color layer 610 may be directly disposed on the upper surface of the third transparent electrode 310. The second oxidized color layer 610 may be in direct contact with the upper surface of the third transparent electrode 310.

[0197] The second oxidized color-changing layer 610 may be electrically connected to the third transparent electrode 310. The second oxidized color-changing layer 610 may be electrically connected to the third transparent electrode 310 by direct contact.

[0198] The second oxidized color-changing layer 610 may change color by losing electrons. The second oxidized color-changing layer 610 may include a second electrochromic material that changes color by losing electrons and oxidizing. The second oxidized color-changing layer 610 may include at least one selected from the group consisting of Prussian blue, nickel oxide, and iridium oxide.

[0199] The second oxidized color-changing layer 610 may include the second electrochromic substance in the form of particles. The Prussian blue, nickel oxide, and iridium oxide may be particles with a particle size of about 1 nm to about 200 nm.

[0200] Furthermore, the second oxidized color-changing layer 610 may further include an adhesive. The adhesive may be an inorganic adhesive. The adhesive may include silica gel. The adhesive may be formed by silica sol including tetramethoxysilane or methyltrimethoxysilane.

[0201] The second electrolyte layer 710 is disposed on the second oxidized color layer 610. The second electrolyte layer 710 is disposed on the upper surface of the second oxidized color layer 610. The second oxidized color layer 610 may be disposed beside the first electrolyte layer 700.

[0202] Furthermore, the second electrolyte layer 710 may be electrochemically connected to the second oxidized color layer 610. That is, since ions move between the second electrolyte layer 710 and the second oxidized color layer 610, charges may move between the second electrolyte layer 710 and the second oxidized color layer 610.

[0203] The description of components included in the second electrolyte layer 710 may be substantially the same as the description of components included in the first electrolyte layer 700 .

[0204] Also, the thickness of the second electrolyte layer 710 may be substantially the same as the thickness of the first electrolyte layer 700 .

[0205] The second electrolyte layer 710 may be formed of substantially the same composition as the first electrolyte layer 700 .

[0206] The second electrolyte layer 710 may be formed integrally with the first electrolyte layer 700 .

[0207] Different from this, although not shown in the figure, the second electrolyte layer 710 may be spaced apart from the first electrolyte layer 700. A separation groove may be formed between the second electrolyte layer 710 and the first electrolyte layer 700, and the second electrolyte layer 710 and the first electrolyte layer 700 may be spaced apart by a predetermined distance.

[0208] The second reduction color-changing layer 510 is disposed on the second electrolyte layer 710. The second reduction color-changing layer 510 is disposed on the upper surface of the second electrolyte layer 710. The second reduction color-changing layer 510 may be directly disposed on the upper surface of the second electrolyte layer 710.

[0209] The second reduction discoloration layer 510 is disposed beside the first oxidation discoloration layer 600. The second reduction discoloration layer 510 may be disposed on the same plane as the first oxidation discoloration layer 600.

[0210] The second reduction discoloration layer 510 and the first oxidation discoloration layer 600 may be spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance.

[0211] The second reduction color-changing layer 510 is electrochemically connected to the second electrolyte layer 710. That is, since ions move mutually between the second electrolyte layer 710 and the second reduction color-changing layer 510, charges can move mutually between the second electrolyte layer 710 and the second reduction color-changing layer 510.

[0212] The second reduction color-changing layer 510 may be electrically connected to the fourth transparent electrode 410. The second reduction color-changing layer 510 may be electrically connected to the fourth transparent electrode 410 by direct contact.

[0213] The second reduction-chromic layer 510 may include a first electrochromic substance that changes color by receiving electrons, and may include at least one selected from the group consisting of tungsten oxide, niobium pentoxide, vanadium pentoxide, titanium oxide, molybdenum oxide, viologen, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene).

[0214] The second reduction-chromic layer 510 may include the first electrochromic substance in the form of particles. The tungsten oxide, niobium pentoxide, vanadium pentoxide, titanium oxide, and molybdenum oxide may be particles with a particle size of about 1 nm to about 200 nm.

[0215] Furthermore, the second reduction color-changing layer 510 may further include an adhesive. The adhesive may be an inorganic adhesive. The adhesive may include silica gel. The adhesive may be formed by silica sol including tetramethoxysilane or methyltrimethoxysilane.

[0216] The fourth transparent electrode 410 is disposed on the second reduction color-changing layer 510 . The fourth transparent electrode 410 is disposed beside the second transparent electrode 400 . Furthermore, the fourth transparent electrode 410 is disposed on the lower surface of the second substrate 200 .

[0217] The fourth transparent electrode 410 is electrically connected to the second transparent electrode 400. The fourth transparent electrode 410 is connected to the second transparent electrode 400. The fourth transparent electrode 410 may be formed as one body with the second transparent electrode 400.

[0218] The second photoelectron capping portion 13 includes a fifth transparent electrode 320 , a third oxidized discoloration layer 620 , a third electrolyte layer 720 , a third reduced discoloration layer 520 , and a sixth transparent electrode 420 .

[0219] The fifth transparent electrode 320 is disposed on the first substrate 100. The fifth transparent electrode 320 is disposed beside the first transparent electrode 300. The fifth transparent electrode 320 may be disposed on the upper surface of the first substrate 100. The fifth transparent electrode 320 may be disposed on the same plane as the first transparent electrode 300.

[0220] The fifth transparent electrode 320 is electrically connected to the first transparent electrode 300. The fifth transparent electrode 320 may be directly physically connected to the first transparent electrode 300. The fifth transparent electrode 320 may be formed as one body with the first transparent electrode 300. That is, when the first transparent electrode 300 is formed, the fifth transparent electrode 320 may be formed of the same material as the first transparent electrode 300.

[0221] The third oxidized color layer 620 is disposed on the fifth transparent electrode 320. The third oxidized color layer 620 may be disposed next to the first reduced color layer 500. The third oxidized color layer 620 may be disposed on the same plane as the first reduced color layer 500. Although not shown in the figure, the third oxidized color layer 620 and the first reduced color layer 500 may be spaced apart by a specified distance.

[0222] The third oxidized color-changing layer 620 may be disposed on the upper surface of the fifth transparent electrode 320. The third oxidized color-changing layer 620 may be directly disposed on the upper surface of the fifth transparent electrode 320. The third oxidized color-changing layer 620 may be in direct contact with the upper surface of the fifth transparent electrode 320.

[0223] The third oxidized color-changing layer 620 may be electrically connected to the fifth transparent electrode 320. The third oxidized color-changing layer 620 may be electrically connected to the fifth transparent electrode 320 by direct contact.

[0224] The third oxidized color-changing layer 620 may change color by losing electrons. The third oxidized color-changing layer 620 may include a second electrochromic substance that changes color by losing electrons and oxidizing. The third oxidized color-changing layer 620 may include at least one selected from the group consisting of Prussian blue, nickel oxide, and iridium oxide.

[0225] The third oxidized color-changing layer 620 may include the second electrochromic substance in the form of particles. The Prussian blue, nickel oxide, and iridium oxide may be particles with a particle size of about 1 nm to about 200 nm.

[0226] Furthermore, the third oxidized color-changing layer 620 may further include an adhesive. The adhesive may be an inorganic adhesive. The adhesive may include silica gel. The adhesive may be formed by silica sol including tetramethoxysilane or methyltrimethoxysilane.

[0227] The third electrolyte layer 720 is disposed on the third oxidized color-changing layer 620. The third electrolyte layer 720 may be disposed on the upper surface of the third oxidized color-changing layer 620. The third oxidized color-changing layer 620 may be disposed beside the first electrolyte layer 700.

[0228] Furthermore, the third electrolyte layer 720 may be electrochemically connected to the third oxidized color layer 620. That is, since ions move mutually between the third electrolyte layer 720 and the third oxidized color layer 620, charges may move mutually between the third electrolyte layer 720 and the third oxidized color layer 620.

[0229] The description of components included in the third electrolyte layer 720 may be substantially the same as the description of components included in the first electrolyte layer 700 .

[0230] Also, the thickness of the third electrolyte layer 720 may be substantially the same as the thickness of the first electrolyte layer 700 .

[0231] The third electrolyte layer 720 may be formed of substantially the same composition as that of the first electrolyte layer 700 .

[0232] The third electrolyte layer 720 may be formed integrally with the first electrolyte layer 700 .

[0233] Different from this, although not shown in the figure, the third electrolyte layer 720 may be spaced apart from the first electrolyte layer 700. A separation groove may be formed between the third electrolyte layer 720 and the first electrolyte layer 700, and the third electrolyte layer 720 and the first electrolyte layer 700 may be spaced apart by a predetermined distance.

[0234] The third reduction color-changing layer 520 is disposed on the third electrolyte layer 720. The third reduction color-changing layer 520 is disposed on the upper surface of the third electrolyte layer 720. The second reduction color-changing layer 510 may be directly disposed on the upper surface of the third electrolyte layer 720.

[0235] The third reduction color-changing layer 520 is disposed beside the first oxidation color-changing layer 600. The third reduction color-changing layer 520 may be disposed on the same plane as the first oxidation color-changing layer 600.

[0236] The third reduction discoloration layer 520 and the first oxidation discoloration layer 600 may be spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance.

[0237] The third reduction color-changing layer 520 is electrochemically connected to the third electrolyte layer 720. That is, since ions move mutually between the third electrolyte layer 720 and the third reduction color-changing layer 520, charges can move mutually between the third electrolyte layer 720 and the third reduction color-changing layer 520.

[0238] The third reduction color-changing layer 520 may be electrically connected to the sixth transparent electrode 420. The third reduction color-changing layer 520 may be electrically connected to the sixth transparent electrode 420 by direct contact.

[0239] The third reduction-chromic layer 520 may include a first electrochromic substance that changes color by receiving electrons, and may include at least one selected from the group consisting of tungsten oxide, niobium pentoxide, vanadium pentoxide, titanium oxide, molybdenum oxide, viologen, and poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene).

[0240] The third reduction color-changing layer 520 may include the first electrochromic substance in the form of particles. The tungsten oxide, niobium pentoxide, vanadium pentoxide, titanium oxide, and molybdenum oxide may be particles with a particle size of about 1 nm to about 200 nm.

[0241] Furthermore, the third reduction color-changing layer 520 may further include an adhesive. The adhesive may be an inorganic adhesive. The adhesive may include silica gel. The adhesive may be formed by silica sol including tetramethoxysilane or methyltrimethoxysilane.

[0242] The sixth transparent electrode 420 is disposed on the third reduction color-changing layer 520 . The sixth transparent electrode 420 is disposed beside the second transparent electrode 400 . Furthermore, the sixth transparent electrode 420 is disposed on the lower surface of the second substrate 200 .

[0243] The sixth transparent electrode 420 is electrically connected to the second transparent electrode 400. The sixth transparent electrode 420 is connected to the second transparent electrode 400. The sixth transparent electrode 420 may be formed as one body with the second transparent electrode 400.

[0244] The first bus bar is disposed on the first transparent electrode 300. The first bus bar is connected to the first transparent electrode 300. The first bus bar may be electrically connected to the first transparent electrode 300. The first bus bar may be in direct contact with the upper surface of the first transparent electrode 300. The first bus bar may be connected to the first transparent electrode 300 by welding.

[0245] The second bus bar is disposed below the second transparent electrode 400 and is connected to the second transparent electrode 400 .

[0246] The second bus bar may be electrically connected to the second transparent electrode 400. The second bus bar may be in direct contact with the lower surface of the second transparent electrode 400. The second bus bar may be connected to the second transparent electrode 400 by welding.

[0247] The first busbar and / or the second busbar may include metal. The first busbar and / or the second busbar may include metal strip. The first busbar and / or the second busbar may include conductive paste. The first busbar and / or the second busbar may include an adhesive and a conductive filler.

[0248] The electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be prepared by the following method. Figures 3 to 6 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a process of preparing an electrochromic device according to an embodiment.

[0249] refer to Figure 3 , forming a first transparent electrode 300 on the first substrate 100. The first transparent electrode 300 may be formed by a vacuum deposition process. The first transparent electrode 300 may be formed by depositing a metal oxide such as indium tin oxide on the first substrate 100 by a sputtering process or the like.

[0250] The first transparent electrode 300 may be formed by a coating process, may be formed by coating metal nanowires and an adhesive on the first substrate 100 , or may be formed by coating a conductive polymer on the first substrate 100 .

[0251] Furthermore, the first transparent electrode 300 may be formed by a patterning process. A metal layer may be formed on the first substrate 100 by a sputtering process or the like, and the metal layer may be patterned, so that the first transparent electrode 300 including a metal mesh may be formed on the first substrate 100 .

[0252] Then, a first reduction discoloration layer 500 , a second oxidation discoloration layer 610 and a third oxidation discoloration layer 620 are formed on the first transparent electrode 300 .

[0253] The first reduction color-changing layer 500 may be formed by a sol-gel coating process. A first sol solution including a first electrochromic substance, a binder, and a solvent may be coated on the first transparent electrode 300. A sol-gel reaction may occur in the coated first sol solution, and the first reduction color-changing layer 500 may be formed.

[0254] The first sol solution may include about 5 wt % to about 30 wt % of the first color-changing substance in particle form. The first sol solution may include about 5 wt % to about 30 wt % of the binder. The first sol solution may include about 60 wt % to about 90 wt % of the solvent.

[0255] The first sol solution may further include a dispersant.

[0256] The solvent may be at least one selected from the group consisting of alcohols, ethers, ketones, esters and aromatic hydrocarbons. The solvent may be at least one selected from the group consisting of ethanol, propanol, butanol, hexanol, cyclohexanol, diacetone alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, glycerol, diethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, acetylacetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, acetoacetate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate and isobutyl acetate.

[0257] As described above, the binder may be an inorganic binder.

[0258] Furthermore, the second oxidized color layer 610 and the third oxidized color layer 620 are formed on the first transparent electrode 300. The second oxidized color layer 610 and the third oxidized color layer 620 can be formed by a sol-gel coating process. A second sol solution containing a second electrochromic substance, a binder, and a solvent can be coated on the first transparent electrode 300. A sol-gel reaction can occur in the coated second sol solution, and the second oxidized color layer 610 and the third oxidized color layer 620 can be formed.

[0259] The second sol solution may include about 5 wt % to about 30 wt % of the second color-changing substance in particle form. The second sol solution may include about 5 wt % to about 30 wt % of the binder. The second sol solution may include about 60 wt % to about 90 wt % of the solvent.

[0260] The second sol solution may further include a dispersant.

[0261] refer to Figure 4 , an electrolyte composition for forming an electrolyte layer 700 is formed on the first reduction color-changing layer 500 , the second oxidation color-changing layer 610 , and the third oxidation color-changing layer 620 .

[0262] The electrolyte composition may include a metal salt, an electrolyte, a photocurable resin, and a photocurable initiator. The photocurable resin may be at least one selected from the group consisting of hexandiol diacrylate (HDDA), tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA), ethylene glycol diacrylate (EGDA), trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), trimethylolpropaneethoxylated triacrylate (TMPEOTA), glycerol propoxylated triacrylate (GPTA), pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PETA), and dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (DPHA).

[0263] The metal salt, the electrolyte, and the photocuring initiator may be as described above.

[0264] In the electrolyte layer 700 , a separation groove may be formed along a boundary between the first reduction color-changing layer 500 and the second oxidation color-changing layer 610 . Also, in the electrolyte layer, a separation groove may be formed along a boundary between the first reduction color-changing layer 500 and the third oxidation color-changing layer 620 .

[0265] refer to Figure 5 , a second transparent electrode 400 is formed on the second substrate 200 .

[0266] The second transparent electrode 400 may be formed by a vacuum deposition process or by depositing a metal oxide such as indium tin oxide on the second substrate 200 by a sputtering process.

[0267] The second transparent electrode 400 may be formed by a coating process, may be formed by coating metal nanowires and an adhesive on the second substrate 200 , or may be formed by coating a conductive polymer on the second substrate 200 .

[0268] Furthermore, the second transparent electrode 400 may be formed by a patterning process. A metal layer may be formed on the second substrate 200 by a sputtering process or the like, and the metal layer may be patterned, so that the second transparent electrode 400 including a metal mesh may be formed on the second substrate 200 .

[0269] Then, a first oxidized color-changing layer 600 , a second reduced color-changing layer 510 and a third reduced color-changing layer 520 are formed on the second transparent electrode 400 .

[0270] The first oxidized color-changing layer 600 may be formed by a sol-gel coating process. A second sol solution including a second electrochromic substance, a binder, and a solvent may be coated on the second transparent electrode 400. A sol-gel reaction may occur in the coated second sol solution, and the first oxidized color-changing layer 600 may be formed.

[0271] The second sol solution may include about 5 wt % to about 30 wt % of the second color-changing substance in particle form. The second sol solution may include about 5 wt % to about 30 wt % of the binder. The second sol solution may include about 60 wt % to about 90 wt % of the solvent.

[0272] The second sol solution may further include a dispersant.

[0273] The second reduction color-changing layer 510 and the third reduction color-changing layer 520 may be formed by a sol-gel coating process. A first sol solution including the first electrochromic substance, the binder, and the solvent may be coated on the second transparent electrode 400. A sol-gel reaction may occur in the coated first sol solution, and the second reduction color-changing layer 510 and the third reduction color-changing layer 520 may be formed.

[0274] The first sol solution may include about 5 wt % to about 30 wt % of the first color-changing substance in particle form. The first sol solution may include about 5 wt % to about 30 wt % of the binder. The first sol solution may include about 60 wt % to about 90 wt % of the solvent.

[0275] The first sol solution may further include a dispersant.

[0276] refer to Figure 6 , the second substrate 200, the second transparent electrode 400, the first oxidized color layer 600, the second reduced color layer 510 and the third reduced color layer 520 are stacked on the applied electrolyte composition. In this case, the first oxidized color layer 600, the second reduced color layer 510 and the third reduced color layer 520 are in direct contact with the applied electrolyte composition.

[0277] Then, the applied electrolyte composition is cured by light, and a first stack including the first substrate 100, the first transparent electrode 300, the first reduction color-changing layer 500, the second oxidation color-changing layer 610, and the third oxidation color-changing layer 620 and a second stack including the second substrate 200, the second transparent electrode 400, the first oxidation color-changing layer 600, the second reduction color-changing layer 510, and the third reduction color-changing layer 520 are laminated to each other. That is, the first stack and the second stack can be bonded to each other through the first electrolyte layer 700.

[0278] The first reduction color change layer 500 accommodates cations included in the first electrolyte layer 700 by a driving voltage applied to the first transparent electrode 300 and the second transparent electrode 400. Therefore, the electrochromic portion 11 may be colored, and the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may reduce light transmittance.

[0279] At the same time, the first oxidized color layer 600 may release cations to the first electrolyte layer 700 by a driving voltage applied to the first transparent electrode 300 and the second transparent electrode 400. Therefore, the electrochromic portion 11 may be colored, and the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may reduce light transmittance.

[0280] Furthermore, when light is incident from the outside to the electrochromic portion 11, the electrochromic portion 11 may generate photoelectrons. In this case, the photoelectrons may be captured by the first photoelectron capping portion 12. When the first photoelectron capping portion 12 captures the photoelectrons, the second reduction color-changing layer 510 may accommodate the cations contained in the second electrolyte layer 710. Therefore, the first photoelectron capping portion may effectively cap the photoelectrons.

[0281] Similarly, when light is incident from the outside to the electrochromic portion 11, the electrochromic portion 11 may generate photoelectrons. In this case, the photoelectrons may be captured by the second photoelectron capping portion 13. When the second photoelectron capping portion 13 captures the photoelectrons, the third reduction color-changing layer 520 may accommodate the cations contained in the third electrolyte layer 720. Therefore, the second photoelectron capping portion may effectively cap the photoelectrons.

[0282] Furthermore, when light is incident from the outside to the electrochromic portion 11, the electrochromic portion 11 may generate photoelectrons. In this case, the photoelectrons may be captured by the first photoelectron capping portion 12. When the first photoelectron capping portion 12 captures the photoelectrons, the second oxidized color-changing layer 610 may release cations to the second electrolyte layer 710. Therefore, the first photoelectron capping portion may effectively cap the photoelectrons.

[0283] Similarly, when light is incident from the outside to the electrochromic portion 11, the electrochromic portion 11 may generate photoelectrons. In this case, the photoelectrons may be captured by the second photoelectron capping portion 13. When the second photoelectron capping portion 13 captures the photoelectrons, the third oxidized color-changing layer 620 may release cations to the third electrolyte layer 720. Therefore, the second photoelectron capping portion may effectively cap the photoelectrons.

[0284] The electrochromic device according to the embodiment includes photoelectron capping portions 12 and 13. When external light is incident on the electrochromic portion 11, photoelectrons may be generated. The photoelectrons may be accommodated in the photoelectron capping portions 12 and 13.

[0285] Therefore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can suppress an additional reaction caused by the photoelectrons, and can prevent the durability of the electrochromic portion 11 from being reduced due to the additional reaction.

[0286] In particular, the optoelectronic capping parts 12 and 13 are disposed between the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200. Furthermore, the first transparent electrode 300 may be formed as a whole with the third transparent electrode 310, and the second transparent electrode 400 may be formed as a whole with the fourth transparent electrode 410. Furthermore, the first transparent electrode 300 may be formed as a whole with the fifth transparent electrode 320, and the second transparent electrode 400 may be formed as a whole with the sixth transparent electrode 420.

[0287] Therefore, the photoelectrons generated by the electrochromic portion 11 can be easily transmitted to the first photoelectron capping portion 12 through the first transparent electrode 300, the second transparent electrode 400, the third transparent electrode 310 and the fourth transparent electrode 410. Similarly, the photoelectrons generated by the electrochromic portion 11 can be easily transmitted to the second photoelectron capping portion 13 through the first transparent electrode 300, the second transparent electrode 400, the fifth transparent electrode 320 and the sixth transparent electrode 420.

[0288] Therefore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment has a simple structure and can easily capture the photoelectrons.

[0289] In particular, the optoelectronic capping parts 12 and 13 may be interposed between the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200. Therefore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have a simple structure and may have improved durability.

[0290] Figure 7 FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section of an electrochromic device cut along a width direction according to another embodiment.

[0291] refer to Figure 7 The electrochromic device 10 according to the embodiment includes a first substrate 110 , a second substrate 120 , a third substrate 130 , a first electrochromic portion 11 , and a second electrochromic portion 12 .

[0292] The first substrate 110 , the second substrate 120 , and the third substrate 130 support the first electrochromic portion 11 and the second electrochromic portion 12 .

[0293] Furthermore, the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120 sandwich the first electrochromic portion 11. The first substrate 110 and the third substrate 130 sandwich the second electrochromic portion 12.

[0294] The first substrate 110 may include a polymer resin. The first substrate 110 may include at least one selected from the group consisting of a polyester resin, a polyimide resin, a cycloolefin polymer resin, polyethersulfone, polycarbonate, and a polyolefin resin.

[0295] The first substrate 110 may include a polyester resin as a main component. The first substrate 110 may include polyethylene terephthalate. Based on the total amount of the composition, the first substrate 110 may include about 90wt% or more of the polyethylene terephthalate. Based on the total amount of the composition, the first substrate 110 may include about 95wt% or more of the polyethylene terephthalate. Based on the total amount of the composition, the first substrate 110 may include about 97wt% or more of the polyethylene terephthalate. Based on the total amount of the composition, the first substrate 110 may include about 98wt% or more of the polyethylene terephthalate.

[0296] The first substrate 110 may include a uniaxially or biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate film. The first substrate 110 may include a polyethylene terephthalate film stretched by about 2 times to about 5 times in a length direction and / or a width direction.

[0297] When applied to windows of buildings or vehicles, the first substrate 110 may have high mechanical properties to enhance the strength of the glass.

[0298] The first substrate 110 may have a strength of about 7 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 40kgf / mm 2 The first substrate 110 may have a tensile strength of about 8 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 35kgf / mm 2 tensile strength.

[0299] The first substrate 110 may have a strength of about 7 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 40kgf / mm 2 The first substrate 110 may have a tensile strength of about 8 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 35kgf / mm 2 tensile strength.

[0300] The first substrate 110 may have a strength of about 200 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 400kgf / mm 2 The first substrate 110 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 350kgf / mm2 The first substrate 110 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 270kgf / mm 2 The modulus.

[0301] The first substrate 110 may have a rigidity of about 200 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 400kgf / mm 2 The first substrate 110 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 350kgf / mm 2 The first substrate 110 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 270kgf / mm 2 The modulus.

[0302] The first substrate 110 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to about 150% along the length direction. The first substrate 110 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to about 130% along the length direction. The first substrate 110 may have an elongation at break of about 40% to about 120% along the length direction.

[0303] The first substrate 110 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to about 150% along the length direction. The first substrate 110 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to about 130% along the length direction. The first substrate 110 may have an elongation at break of about 40% to about 120% along the length direction.

[0304] The first substrate 110 may have a breaking elongation of about 30% to about 150% along the width direction. The first substrate 110 may have a breaking elongation of about 30% to about 130% along the width direction. The first substrate 110 may have a breaking elongation of about 40% to about 120% along the width direction.

[0305] The modulus, the elongation at break, and the tensile strength may be measured according to KS B 5521.

[0306] In addition, the modulus, the tensile strength, and the elongation at break may be measured according to ASTM D882.

[0307] Since the first substrate 110 has the improved mechanical strength as described above, it is possible to effectively protect the first electrochromic portion 11 and the second electrochromic portion 12. Also, since the first substrate 110 has the improved mechanical strength as described above, it is possible to effectively enhance the mechanical strength of the glass to be attached.

[0308] The first substrate 100 may include glass. The first substrate 100 may be a glass substrate.

[0309] Also, the first substrate 110 may have high chemical resistance. Therefore, even if the electrolyte included in the first electrochromic portion 11 and / or the second electrochromic portion 12 leaks to the first substrate 110, damage to the surface of the first substrate 110 may be minimized.

[0310] The first substrate 110 may have improved optical properties. The total light transmittance of the first substrate 110 may be about 55% or more. The total light transmittance of the first substrate 110 may be about 70% or more. The total light transmittance of the first substrate 110 may be about 75% to about 99%. The total light transmittance of the first substrate 110 may be about 80% to about 99%.

[0311] The haze of the first substrate 110 may be about 20% or less. The haze of the first substrate 110 may be about 0.1% to about 20%. The haze of the first substrate 110 may be about 0.1% to about 10%. The haze of the first substrate 110 may be about 0.1% to about 7%.

[0312] The total light transmittance and the haze can be measured according to ASTM D 1003 or the like.

[0313] Since the first substrate 110 has appropriate total light transmittance and haze, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can have improved optical characteristics. That is, since the first substrate 110 has appropriate transmittance and haze, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can be applied to a window to appropriately adjust the transmittance, minimize the distortion of an image from the outside, and have an improved appearance.

[0314] Also, the first substrate 110 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 100 nm to about 4000 nm, the first substrate 110 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 200 nm to about 3500 nm, or the first substrate 110 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 200 nm to about 3000 nm.

[0315] The first substrate 110 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 7000 nm or more. The first substrate 110 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 7000 nm to about 50000 nm. The first substrate 110 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 8000 nm to about 20000 nm.

[0316] The in-plane phase difference may be obtained according to the refractive index and thickness of the first substrate 110 .

[0317] Since the first substrate 110 has the in-plane phase difference as described above, the electrochromic film according to the embodiment may have an improved appearance.

[0318] The thickness of the first substrate 110 may be about 10 μm to about 200 μm. The thickness of the first substrate 110 may be about 23 μm to about 150 μm. The thickness of the first substrate 110 may be about 30 μm to about 120 μm.

[0319] The first substrate 110 may include an organic or inorganic filler. The organic or inorganic filler may function as an anti-adhesive agent.

[0320] The average particle size of the filler may be about 0.1 μm to about 5 μm. The average particle size of the filler may be about 0.1 μm to about 3 μm. The average particle size of the filler may be about 0.1 μm to about 1 μm.

[0321] The filler may be at least one selected from the group consisting of silica particles, barium sulfate particles, alumina particles, and titanium dioxide particles.

[0322] And, the filler may be included in the first substrate 110 at a content of about 0.01 wt % to about 3 wt % based on the total amount of the first substrate 110. The filler may be included in the first substrate 110 at a content of about 0.05 wt % to about 2 wt % based on the total amount of the first substrate 110.

[0323] The first substrate 110 may have a single-layer structure. For example, the first substrate 110 may be a single-layer polyester film.

[0324] The first substrate 110 may have a multi-layer structure. For example, the first substrate 110 may be a multi-layer co-extruded film. The multi-layer co-extruded structure may include a core layer, a first surface layer and a second surface layer. The filler may be contained in the first surface layer and the second surface layer.

[0325] The second substrate 120 is opposite to the first substrate 110. The second substrate 120 is disposed on the first substrate 110. One end of the second substrate 120 may be disposed to be offset from one end of the first substrate 110. The other end of the second substrate 120 may be disposed to be offset from the other end of the first substrate 110.

[0326] The second substrate 120 supports the first electrochromic portion 11 together with the first substrate 110 .

[0327] Furthermore, the second substrate 120 and the first substrate 110 sandwich the first electrochromic portion 11. The second substrate 120 can protect the first electrochromic portion 11 from external physical and chemical impacts.

[0328] The second substrate 120 may include a polymer resin. The second substrate 120 may include at least one selected from the group consisting of a polyester resin, a polyimide resin, a cycloolefin polymer resin, polyethersulfone, polycarbonate, and a polyolefin resin.

[0329] The second substrate 120 may include a polyester resin as a main component. The second substrate 120 may include polyethylene terephthalate. Based on the total amount of the composition, the second substrate 120 may include about 90wt% or more of the polyethylene terephthalate. Based on the total amount of the composition, the second substrate 120 may include about 95wt% or more of the polyethylene terephthalate. Based on the total amount of the composition, the second substrate 120 may include about 97wt% or more of the polyethylene terephthalate. Based on the total amount of the composition, the second substrate 120 may include about 98wt% or more of the polyethylene terephthalate.

[0330] The second substrate 120 may include a uniaxially or biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate film. The second substrate 120 may include a polyethylene terephthalate film stretched by about 2 times to about 5 times in a length direction and / or a width direction.

[0331] When applied to windows of buildings or vehicles, the second substrate 120 may have high mechanical properties to enhance the strength of the glass.

[0332] The second substrate 120 may have a strength of about 7 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 40kgf / mm 2 The second substrate 120 may have a tensile strength of about 8 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 35kgf / mm 2 tensile strength.

[0333] The second substrate 120 may have a strength of about 7 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 40kgf / mm 2 The second substrate 120 may have a tensile strength of about 8 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 35kgf / mm 2 tensile strength.

[0334] The second substrate 120 may have a strength of about 200 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 400kgf / mm 2 The second substrate 120 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 350kgf / mm 2 The second substrate 120 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 270kgf / mm 2 The modulus.

[0335] The second substrate 120 may have a rigidity of about 200 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 400kgf / mm 2 The second substrate 120 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 350kgf / mm 2 The second substrate 120 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 270kgf / mm 2 The modulus.

[0336] The second substrate 120 may have a breaking elongation of about 30% to about 150% along the length direction. The second substrate 120 may have a breaking elongation of about 30% to about 130% along the length direction. The second substrate 120 may have a breaking elongation of about 40% to about 120% along the length direction.

[0337] The second substrate 120 may have a breaking elongation of about 30% to about 150% along the length direction. The second substrate 120 may have a breaking elongation of about 30% to about 130% along the length direction. The second substrate 120 may have a breaking elongation of about 40% to about 120% along the length direction.

[0338] The second substrate 120 may have a breaking elongation of about 30% to about 150% along the width direction. The second substrate 120 may have a breaking elongation of about 30% to about 130% along the width direction. The second substrate 120 may have a breaking elongation of about 40% to about 120% along the width direction.

[0339] Since the second substrate 120 has the improved mechanical strength as described above, the first electrochromic portion 11 can be effectively protected. Also, since the second substrate 120 has the improved mechanical strength as described above, the mechanical strength of the glass to be attached can be effectively enhanced.

[0340] The second substrate 200 may include glass. The second substrate 200 may be a glass substrate.

[0341] Also, the second substrate 120 may have high chemical resistance. Therefore, even if the electrolyte included in the first electrochromic portion 11 leaks to the second substrate 120, damage to the surface of the second substrate 120 may be minimized.

[0342] The second substrate 120 may have improved optical characteristics. The total light transmittance of the second substrate 120 may be about 55% or more. The total light transmittance of the second substrate 120 may be about 70% or more. The total light transmittance of the second substrate 120 may be about 75% to about 99%. The total light transmittance of the second substrate 120 may be about 80% to about 99%.

[0343] The haze of the second substrate 120 may be about 20% or less. The haze of the second substrate 120 may be about 0.1% to about 20%. The haze of the second substrate 120 may be about 0.1% to about 10%. The haze of the second substrate 120 may be about 0.1% to about 7%.

[0344] Since the second substrate 120 has appropriate total light transmittance and haze, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can have improved optical characteristics. That is, since the second substrate 120 has appropriate transmittance and haze, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can be applied to the window to appropriately adjust the transmittance, minimize the distortion of the image from the outside, and have an improved appearance.

[0345] Also, the second substrate 120 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 100 nm to about 4000 nm, the second substrate 120 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 200 nm to about 3500 nm, or the second substrate 120 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 200 nm to about 3000 nm.

[0346] The second substrate 120 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 7000 nm or more. The second substrate 120 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 7000 nm to about 50000 nm. The second substrate 120 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 8000 nm to about 20000 nm.

[0347] The in-plane phase difference may be obtained according to the refractive index and thickness of the second substrate 120 .

[0348] Since the second substrate 120 has the in-plane phase difference as described above, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have an improved appearance.

[0349] The thickness of the second substrate 120 may be about 10 μm to about 200 μm. The thickness of the second substrate 120 may be about 23 μm to about 150 μm. The thickness of the second substrate 120 may be about 30 μm to about 120 μm.

[0350] The second substrate 120 may include an organic or inorganic filler. The organic or inorganic filler may function as an anti-adhesive agent.

[0351] The average particle size of the filler may be about 0.1 μm to about 5 μm. The average particle size of the filler may be about 0.1 μm to about 3 μm. The average particle size of the filler may be about 0.1 μm to about 1 μm.

[0352] The filler may be at least one selected from the group consisting of silica particles, barium sulfate particles, alumina particles, and titanium dioxide particles.

[0353] And, the filler may be included in the second substrate 120 at a content of about 0.01 wt % to about 3 wt % based on the total amount of the second substrate 120. The filler may be included in the second substrate 120 at a content of about 0.05 wt % to about 2 wt % based on the total amount of the second substrate 120.

[0354] The second substrate 120 may have a single-layer structure. For example, the second substrate 120 may be a single-layer polyester film.

[0355] The second substrate 120 may have a multi-layer structure. For example, the second substrate 120 may be a multi-layer co-extruded film.

[0356] The third substrate 130 is opposite to the first substrate 110. The third substrate 130 is disposed below the first substrate 110. One end of the third substrate 130 may be disposed to be offset from one end of the first substrate 110. The other end of the third substrate 130 may be disposed to be offset from the other end of the first substrate 110.

[0357] The third substrate 130 supports the second electrochromic portion 12 together with the first substrate 110 .

[0358] Furthermore, the third substrate 130 and the first substrate 110 sandwich the second electrochromic portion 12. The third substrate 130 can protect the second electrochromic portion 12 from external physical and chemical impacts.

[0359] The third substrate 130 may include a polymer resin. The third substrate 130 may include at least one selected from the group consisting of a polyester-based resin, a polyimide-based resin, a cycloolefin polymer resin, polyethersulfone, polycarbonate, and a polyolefin-based resin.

[0360] The third substrate 130 may include a polyester resin as a main component. The third substrate 130 may include polyethylene terephthalate. Based on the total amount of the composition, the third substrate 130 may include about 90wt% or more of the polyethylene terephthalate. Based on the total amount of the composition, the third substrate 130 may include about 95wt% or more of the polyethylene terephthalate. Based on the total amount of the composition, the third substrate 130 may include about 97wt% or more of the polyethylene terephthalate. Based on the total amount of the composition, the third substrate 130 may include about 98wt% or more of the polyethylene terephthalate.

[0361] The third substrate 130 may include a uniaxially or biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate film. The third substrate 130 may include a polyethylene terephthalate film stretched by about 2 times to about 5 times in a length direction and / or a width direction.

[0362] When applied to windows of buildings or vehicles, the third substrate 130 may have high mechanical properties to enhance the strength of the glass.

[0363] The third substrate 130 may have a strength of about 7 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 40kgf / mm 2 The third substrate 130 may have a tensile strength of about 8 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 35kgf / mm 2 tensile strength.

[0364] The third substrate 130 may have a strength of about 7 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 40kgf / mm 2 The third substrate 130 may have a tensile strength of about 8 kgf / mm along the width direction.2 To about 35kgf / mm 2 tensile strength.

[0365] The third substrate 130 may have a strength of about 200 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 400kgf / mm 2 The third substrate 130 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 350kgf / mm 2 The third substrate 130 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 270kgf / mm 2 The modulus.

[0366] The third substrate 130 may have a rigidity of about 200 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 400kgf / mm 2 The third substrate 130 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 350kgf / mm 2 The third substrate 130 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 270kgf / mm 2 The modulus.

[0367] The third substrate 130 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to about 150% along the length direction. The third substrate 130 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to about 130% along the length direction. The third substrate 130 may have an elongation at break of about 40% to about 120% along the length direction.

[0368] The third substrate 130 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to about 150% along the length direction. The third substrate 130 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to about 130% along the length direction. The third substrate 130 may have an elongation at break of about 40% to about 120% along the length direction.

[0369] The third substrate 130 may have a breaking elongation of about 30% to about 150% along the width direction. The third substrate 130 may have a breaking elongation of about 30% to about 130% along the width direction. The third substrate 130 may have a breaking elongation of about 40% to about 120% along the width direction.

[0370] Since the third substrate 130 has the improved mechanical strength as described above, the second electrochromic portion 12 can be effectively protected. Also, since the third substrate 130 has the improved mechanical strength as described above, the mechanical strength of the glass to be attached can be effectively enhanced.

[0371] Also, the third substrate 130 may have high chemical resistance. Therefore, even if the electrolyte included in the second electrochromic portion 12 leaks to the third substrate 130, damage to the surface of the third substrate 130 may be minimized.

[0372] The third substrate 130 may have improved optical characteristics. The total light transmittance of the third substrate 130 may be about 55% or more. The total light transmittance of the third substrate 130 may be about 70% or more. The total light transmittance of the third substrate 130 may be about 75% to about 99%. The total light transmittance of the third substrate 130 may be about 80% to about 99%.

[0373] The haze of the third substrate 130 may be about 20% or less. The haze of the third substrate 130 may be about 0.1% to about 20%. The haze of the third substrate 130 may be about 0.1% to about 10%. The haze of the third substrate 130 may be about 0.1% to about 7%.

[0374] Since the third substrate 130 has appropriate total light transmittance and haze, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can have improved optical characteristics. That is, since the third substrate 130 has appropriate transmittance and haze, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can be applied to a window to appropriately adjust the transmittance, minimize the distortion of an image from the outside, and have an improved appearance.

[0375] Also, the third substrate 130 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 100 nm to about 4000 nm. The third substrate 130 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 200 nm to about 3500 nm. The third substrate 130 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 200 nm to about 3000 nm.

[0376] The third substrate 130 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 7000 nm or more. The third substrate 130 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 7000 nm to about 50000 nm. The third substrate 130 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 8000 nm to about 20000 nm.

[0377] The in-plane phase difference may be obtained according to the refractive index and thickness of the third substrate 130 .

[0378] Since the third substrate 130 has the in-plane phase difference as described above, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have an improved appearance.

[0379] The thickness of the third substrate 130 may be about 10 μm to about 200 μm. The thickness of the third substrate 130 may be about 23 μm to about 150 μm. The thickness of the third substrate 130 may be about 30 μm to about 120 μm.

[0380] The third substrate 130 may include an organic or inorganic filler. The organic or inorganic filler may function as an anti-adhesive agent.

[0381] The average particle size of the filler may be about 0.1 μm to about 5 μm. The average particle size of the filler may be about 0.1 μm to about 3 μm. The average particle size of the filler may be about 0.1 μm to about 1 μm.

[0382] The filler may be at least one selected from the group consisting of silica particles, barium sulfate particles, alumina particles, and titanium dioxide particles.

[0383] And, the filler may be included in the third substrate 130 at a content of about 0.01 wt % to about 3 wt % based on the total amount of the third substrate 130. The filler may be included in the third substrate 130 at a content of about 0.05 wt % to about 2 wt % based on the total amount of the third substrate 130.

[0384] The third substrate 130 may have a single-layer structure. For example, the third substrate 130 may be a single-layer polyester film.

[0385] The third substrate 130 may have a multi-layer structure. For example, the third substrate 130 may be a multi-layer co-extruded film.

[0386] The first substrate 110 , the second substrate 120 , and the third substrate 130 may be flexible. Therefore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be flexible as a whole.

[0387] The first electrochromic portion 11 is disposed on the first substrate 110. The first electrochromic portion 11 is disposed below the second substrate 120. The first electrochromic portion 11 is disposed between the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120.

[0388] The first electrochromic portion 11 includes a first transparent electrode 210 , a second transparent electrode 220 , a first color-changing layer 310 , a second color-changing layer 320 , and a first electrolyte layer 410 .

[0389] The first transparent electrode 210 is disposed on the first substrate 110. The first transparent electrode 210 may be formed on the first substrate 110 by deposition. In addition, a hard coating layer may be further included between the first transparent electrode 210 and the first substrate 110.

[0390] The first transparent electrode 210 may include at least one selected from the group consisting of tin oxide, zinc oxide, silver, chromium, indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, gallium-doped zinc oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, niobium-doped titanium oxide, and cadmium tin oxide.

[0391] Furthermore, the first transparent electrode 210 may include graphene, silver nanowires and / or metal mesh.

[0392] The first transparent electrode 210 may have a total light transmittance of about 80% or more. The first transparent electrode 210 may have a total light transmittance of about 85% or more. The first transparent electrode 210 may have a total light transmittance of about 88% or more.

[0393] The first transparent electrode 210 may have a haze of about 10% or less. The first transparent electrode 210 may have a haze of about 7% or less. The first transparent electrode 210 may have a haze of about 5% or less.

[0394] The sheet resistance of the first transparent electrode 210 may be about 1 Ω / sq to 60 Ω / sq. The sheet resistance of the first transparent electrode 210 may be about 1 Ω / sq to 40 Ω / sq. The sheet resistance of the first transparent electrode 210 may be about 1 Ω / sq to 30 Ω / sq.

[0395] The thickness of the first transparent electrode 210 may be about 50 nm to about 50 μm. The thickness of the first transparent electrode 210 may be about 100 nm to about 10 μm. The thickness of the first transparent electrode 210 may be about 150 nm to about 5 μm.

[0396] The first transparent electrode 210 is electrically connected to the first color-changing layer 310 . Furthermore, the first transparent electrode 210 is electrically connected to the first electrolyte layer 410 through the first color-changing layer 310 .

[0397] The second transparent electrode 220 is disposed below the second substrate 120. The second transparent electrode 220 may be formed on the second substrate 120 by deposition. In addition, a hard coating layer may be further included between the second transparent electrode 220 and the second substrate 120.

[0398] The second transparent electrode 220 may include at least one selected from the group consisting of tin oxide, zinc oxide, silver, chromium, indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, gallium-doped zinc oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, niobium-doped titanium oxide, and cadmium tin oxide.

[0399] Furthermore, the second transparent electrode 220 may include graphene, silver nanowires and / or metal mesh.

[0400] The second transparent electrode 220 may have a total light transmittance of about 80% or more. The second transparent electrode 220 may have a total light transmittance of about 85% or more. The second transparent electrode 220 may have a total light transmittance of about 88% or more.

[0401] The second transparent electrode 220 may have a haze of about 10% or less. The second transparent electrode 220 may have a haze of about 7% or less. The second transparent electrode 220 may have a haze of about 5% or less.

[0402] The second transparent electrode 220 may have a sheet resistance of about 1 Ω / sq to 60 Ω / sq. The second transparent electrode 220 may have a sheet resistance of about 1 Ω / sq to 40 Ω / sq. The second transparent electrode 220 may have a sheet resistance of about 1 Ω / sq to 30 Ω / sq.

[0403] The thickness of the second transparent electrode 220 may be about 50 nm to about 50 μm. The thickness of the second transparent electrode 220 may be about 100 nm to about 10 μm. The thickness of the second transparent electrode 220 may be about 150 nm to about 5 μm.

[0404] The second transparent electrode 220 is electrically connected to the second color-changing layer 320 . Furthermore, the second transparent electrode 220 is electrically connected to the first electrolyte layer 410 through the second color-changing layer 320 .

[0405] The first color-changing layer 310 is disposed on the first transparent electrode 210. The first color-changing layer 310 may be directly disposed on the upper surface of the first transparent electrode 210. The first color-changing layer 310 may be directly electrically connected to the first transparent electrode 210.

[0406] The first color-changing layer 310 is electrically connected to the first transparent electrode 210. The first color-changing layer 310 may be directly connected to the first transparent electrode 210. Furthermore, the first color-changing layer 310 is electrically connected to the first electrolyte layer 410. The first color-changing layer 310 may be electrically connected to the first electrolyte layer 410.

[0407] The first color-changing layer 310 may change color by receiving electrons. The first color-changing layer 310 may include a first electrochromic substance that changes color by receiving electrons. The first electrochromic substance may include at least one selected from the group consisting of tungsten oxide, niobium pentoxide, vanadium pentoxide, titanium oxide, molybdenum oxide, viologen, and poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene).

[0408] The first color-changing layer 310 may include the first electrochromic substance in the form of particles. The tungsten oxide, niobium pentoxide, vanadium pentoxide, titanium oxide, and molybdenum oxide may be particles with a particle size of about 1 nm to about 200 nm.

[0409] The first color-changing layer 310 may include about 70 wt % to about 98 wt % of the first electrochromic substance based on the total weight of the first color-changing layer 310. The first color-changing layer 310 may include about 80 wt % to about 96 wt % of the first electrochromic substance based on the total weight of the first color-changing layer 310. The first color-changing layer 310 may include about 90 wt % to about 94 wt % of the first electrochromic substance based on the total weight of the first color-changing layer 310.

[0410] Furthermore, the first color-changing layer 310 may further include an adhesive. The adhesive may be an inorganic adhesive. The adhesive may include silica gel. The adhesive may be formed by silica sol including tetramethoxysilane or methyltrimethoxysilane.

[0411] The first color-changing layer 310 may include about 1 wt % to 15 wt % of the binder based on the total weight of the first color-changing layer 310. The first color-changing layer 310 may include about 2 wt % to 10 wt % of the binder based on the total weight of the first color-changing layer 310. The first color-changing layer 310 may include about 3 wt % to 5 wt % of the binder based on the total weight of the first color-changing layer 310.

[0412] The second color-changing layer 320 is disposed below the second transparent electrode 220. The second color-changing layer 320 may be directly disposed on the lower surface of the second transparent electrode 220. The second color-changing layer 320 may be directly electrically connected to the second transparent electrode 220.

[0413] The second color-changing layer 320 is electrically connected to the second transparent electrode 220. The second color-changing layer 320 may be directly connected to the second transparent electrode 220. Furthermore, the second color-changing layer 320 is electrically connected to the first electrolyte layer 410. The second color-changing layer 320 may be electrically connected to the first electrolyte layer 410.

[0414] The second color-changing layer 320 may change color by losing electrons. The second color-changing layer 320 may include a second electrochromic material that changes color by losing electrons and oxidizing. The second color-changing layer 320 may include at least one selected from the group consisting of Prussian blue, nickel oxide, and iridium oxide.

[0415] The second color-changing layer 320 may include the second electrochromic substance in the form of particles. The Prussian blue, nickel oxide, and iridium oxide may be particles with a particle size of about 1 nm to about 200 nm.

[0416] Furthermore, the second color-changing layer 320 may further include the adhesive.

[0417] The second color-changing layer 320 may include about 1 wt % to 15 wt % of the binder based on the total weight of the second color-changing layer 320. The second color-changing layer 320 may include about 2 wt % to 10 wt % of the binder based on the total weight of the second color-changing layer 320. The second color-changing layer 320 may include about 3 wt % to 5 wt % of the binder based on the total weight of the second color-changing layer 320.

[0418] The first electrolyte layer 410 is disposed on the first color-changing layer 310. Furthermore, the first electrolyte layer 410 is disposed below the second color-changing layer 320. The first electrolyte layer 410 is disposed between the first color-changing layer 310 and the second color-changing layer 320. The first electrolyte layer 410 may be directly electrically connected to the first color-changing layer 310 and the second color-changing layer 320 by direct contact.

[0419] The first electrolyte layer 410 may include a solid polymer electrolyte or an inorganic hydrate containing metal ions. The first electrolyte layer 410 may include lithium ions (Li + ), sodium ion (Na + ), potassium ion (K + )wait.

[0420] Specifically, poly-AMPS, PEO / LiCF3SO3, etc. can be used as the solid polymer electrolyte, and Sb2O5.4H2O, etc. can be used as the inorganic hydrate.

[0421] Furthermore, the first electrolyte layer 410 is a structure for providing electrolyte ions that participate in the electrochromic reaction. The electrolyte ions may be, for example, H + , Li + 、Na + , K + , Rb + or Cs + Equivalent cations.

[0422] The first electrolyte layer 410 may include an electrolyte. As examples of the electrolyte, a liquid electrolyte, a gel polymer electrolyte, or an inorganic solid electrolyte may be used without limitation. Also, the electrolyte may be used in a layer or film form so that it may be stacked together with the electrode or substrate.

[0423] The type of electrolyte salt used in the first electrolyte layer 410 is not particularly limited, as long as it can contain electrolyte salts that can provide monovalent cations, i.e., H + , Li + 、Na + , K + , Rb + or Cs + For example, the first electrolyte layer 410 may include LiClO4, LiBF4, LiAsF6, LiPF6, LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiB 10 Cl 10 , lithium salt compounds such as LiCF3SO3, LiCF3CO2, LiAsF6, LiSbF6, LiAlCl4, CH3SO3Li, CF3SO3Li or (CF3SO2)2NLi; or sodium salt compounds such as NaClO4.

[0424] In one example, the first electrolyte layer 410 may include a compound containing Cl or F as an electrolyte salt. Specifically, the electrolyte layer 700 may include a compound selected from LiClO4, LiBF4, LiAsF6, LiPF6, LiCl, LiB 10 Cl 10 , LiCF3SO3, LiCF3CO2, LiAsF6, LiSbF6, LiAlCl4, CF3SO3Li, (CF3SO2)2NLi and NaClO4.

[0425] The electrolyte may also include a carbonate compound as a solvent. Since carbonate compounds have a high dielectric constant, ionic conductivity may be improved. As non-limiting examples, solvents such as propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate or ethyl methyl carbonate may be used as carbonate compounds.

[0426] In another example, when the first electrolyte layer 410 includes a gel polymer electrolyte, the first electrolyte layer 410 may include a polymer such as polyvinyl sulfonic acid, polystyrene sulfonic acid, polyvinyl sulfonic acid, poly-2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, polyperfluorosulfonic acid, polytoluene sulfonic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene imine, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, poly (ethylene oxide, siloxane), poly (ethylene glycol, siloxane), poly (propylene oxide, siloxane), poly (ethylene oxide, methyl methacrylate), poly (ethylene oxide, acrylic acid), poly (propylene glycol, methyl methacrylate), polyethylene succinate or polyethylene adipate. In one example, a mixture of two or more of the listed polymers or a copolymer of two or more of the listed polymers may be used as a polymer electrolyte.

[0427] Furthermore, the first electrolyte layer 410 may include a curable resin that can be cured by ultraviolet irradiation or heat. The curable resin may be at least one selected from the group consisting of acrylate oligomers, polyethylene glycol oligomers, urethane oligomers, polyester oligomers, polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and polyethylene glycol diacrylate. Furthermore, the first electrolyte layer 410 may include a photocuring initiator and / or a thermal curing initiator.

[0428] The thickness of the first electrolyte layer 410 may be about 10 μm to about 200 μm. The thickness of the first electrolyte layer 410 may be about 50 μm to about 150 μm.

[0429] The first electrolyte layer 410 may have a transmittance in the range of 60% to 95%. Specifically, the transmittance of the first electrolyte layer 410 in the wavelength range of 380nm to 780nm, more specifically, in the visible light of 400nm or 550nm, may be in the range of 60% to 95%. The transmittance may be measured using a known haze meter.

[0430] The second electrochromic portion 12 is disposed below the first substrate 110. The second electrochromic portion 12 is disposed on the third substrate 130. The second electrochromic portion 12 is disposed between the first substrate 110 and the third substrate 130.

[0431] The second electrochromic portion 12 includes a third transparent electrode 230 , a fourth transparent electrode 240 , a third color-changing layer 330 , a fourth color-changing layer 340 , and a second electrolyte layer 420 .

[0432] The third transparent electrode 230 is disposed under the first substrate 110. The third transparent electrode 230 may be formed under the first substrate 110 by deposition. In addition, a hard coating layer may be further included between the third transparent electrode 230 and the first substrate 110.

[0433] The third transparent electrode 230 may include at least one selected from the group consisting of tin oxide, zinc oxide, silver, chromium, indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, gallium-doped zinc oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, niobium-doped titanium oxide, and cadmium tin oxide.

[0434] Furthermore, the third transparent electrode 230 may include graphene, silver nanowires and / or metal mesh.

[0435] The third transparent electrode 230 may have a total light transmittance of about 80% or more. The third transparent electrode 230 may have a total light transmittance of about 85% or more. The third transparent electrode 230 may have a total light transmittance of about 88% or more.

[0436] The third transparent electrode 230 may have a haze of about 10% or less. The third transparent electrode 230 may have a haze of about 7% or less. The third transparent electrode 230 may have a haze of about 5% or less.

[0437] The third transparent electrode 230 may have a sheet resistance of about 1 Ω / sq to 60 Ω / sq. The third transparent electrode 230 may have a sheet resistance of about 1 Ω / sq to 40 Ω / sq. The third transparent electrode 230 may have a sheet resistance of about 1 Ω / sq to 30 Ω / sq.

[0438] The thickness of the third transparent electrode 230 may be about 50 nm to about 50 μm. The thickness of the third transparent electrode 230 may be about 100 nm to about 10 μm. The thickness of the third transparent electrode 230 may be about 150 nm to about 5 μm.

[0439] The third transparent electrode 230 is electrically connected to the third color-changing layer 330 . Furthermore, the third transparent electrode 230 is electrically connected to the second electrolyte layer 420 through the third color-changing layer 330 .

[0440] The fourth transparent electrode 240 is disposed on the third substrate 130. The fourth transparent electrode 240 may be formed on the third substrate 130 by deposition. In addition, a hard coating layer may be further included between the fourth transparent electrode 240 and the third substrate 130.

[0441] The fourth transparent electrode 240 may include at least one selected from the group consisting of tin oxide, zinc oxide, silver, chromium, indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, gallium-doped zinc oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, niobium-doped titanium oxide, and cadmium tin oxide.

[0442] Furthermore, the fourth transparent electrode 240 may include graphene, silver nanowires and / or metal mesh.

[0443] The fourth transparent electrode 240 may have a total light transmittance of about 80% or more. The fourth transparent electrode 240 may have a total light transmittance of about 85% or more. The fourth transparent electrode 240 may have a total light transmittance of about 88% or more.

[0444] The fourth transparent electrode 240 may have a haze of about 10% or less. The fourth transparent electrode 240 may have a haze of about 7% or less. The fourth transparent electrode 240 may have a haze of about 5% or less.

[0445] The fourth transparent electrode 240 may have a sheet resistance of about 1 Ω / sq to 60 Ω / sq. The fourth transparent electrode 240 may have a sheet resistance of about 1 Ω / sq to 40 Ω / sq. The fourth transparent electrode 240 may have a sheet resistance of about 1 Ω / sq to 30 Ω / sq.

[0446] The thickness of the fourth transparent electrode 240 may be about 50 nm to about 50 μm. The thickness of the fourth transparent electrode 240 may be about 100 nm to about 10 μm. The thickness of the fourth transparent electrode 240 may be about 150 nm to about 5 μm.

[0447] The fourth transparent electrode 240 is electrically connected to the fourth color-changing layer 340 . Furthermore, the fourth transparent electrode 240 is electrically connected to the second electrolyte layer 420 through the fourth color-changing layer 340 .

[0448] The third color-changing layer 330 is disposed below the third transparent electrode 230. The third color-changing layer 330 may be directly disposed on the lower surface of the third transparent electrode 230. The third color-changing layer 330 may be directly electrically connected to the third transparent electrode 230.

[0449] The third color-changing layer 330 is electrically connected to the third transparent electrode 230. The third color-changing layer 330 may be directly connected to the third transparent electrode 230. Furthermore, the third color-changing layer 330 is electrically connected to the second electrolyte layer 420. The third color-changing layer 330 may be electrically connected to the second electrolyte layer 420.

[0450] The third color-changing layer 330 may change color by receiving electrons. The third color-changing layer 330 may include a third electrochromic substance that changes color by receiving electrons. The third electrochromic substance may include at least one selected from the group consisting of tungsten oxide, niobium pentoxide, vanadium pentoxide, titanium oxide, molybdenum oxide, viologen, and poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene).

[0451] The third color-changing layer 330 may include the third electrochromic material in the form of particles. The tungsten oxide, niobium pentoxide, vanadium pentoxide, titanium oxide, and molybdenum oxide may be particles with a particle size of about 1 nm to about 200 nm.

[0452] The third color-changing layer 330 may include about 70 wt % to about 98 wt % of the third electrochromic substance based on the total weight of the third color-changing layer 330. The third color-changing layer 330 may include about 80 wt % to about 96 wt % of the third electrochromic substance based on the total weight of the third color-changing layer 330. The third color-changing layer 330 may include about 90 wt % to about 94 wt % of the third electrochromic substance based on the total weight of the third color-changing layer 330.

[0453] Furthermore, the third color-changing layer 330 may further include an adhesive. The adhesive may be an inorganic adhesive. The adhesive may include silica gel. The adhesive may be formed by silica sol including tetramethoxysilane or methyltrimethoxysilane.

[0454] The third color-changing layer 330 may include about 1 wt % to 15 wt % of the binder based on the total weight of the third color-changing layer 330. The third color-changing layer 330 may include about 2 wt % to 10 wt % of the binder based on the total weight of the third color-changing layer 330. The third color-changing layer 330 may include about 3 wt % to 5 wt % of the binder based on the total weight of the third color-changing layer 330.

[0455] The fourth color-changing layer 340 is disposed on the fourth transparent electrode 240. The fourth color-changing layer 340 may be directly disposed on the upper surface of the fourth transparent electrode 240. The fourth color-changing layer 340 may be directly electrically connected to the fourth transparent electrode 240.

[0456] The fourth color-changing layer 340 is electrically connected to the fourth transparent electrode 240. The fourth color-changing layer 340 may be directly connected to the fourth transparent electrode 240. Furthermore, the fourth color-changing layer 340 is electrically connected to the second electrolyte layer 420. The fourth color-changing layer 340 may be electrically connected to the second electrolyte layer 420.

[0457] The fourth color-changing layer 340 may change color by losing electrons. The fourth color-changing layer 340 may include a fourth electrochromic material that changes color by losing electrons and oxidizing. The fourth color-changing layer 340 may include at least one selected from the group consisting of Prussian blue, nickel oxide, and iridium oxide.

[0458] The fourth color-changing layer 340 may include the fourth electrochromic material in the form of particles. The Prussian blue, nickel oxide, and iridium oxide may be particles with a particle size of about 1 nm to about 200 nm.

[0459] Furthermore, the fourth color-changing layer 340 may further include the adhesive.

[0460] The fourth color-changing layer 340 may include about 1 wt % to 15 wt % of the binder based on the total weight of the fourth color-changing layer 340. The fourth color-changing layer 340 may include about 2 wt % to 10 wt % of the binder based on the total weight of the fourth color-changing layer 340. The fourth color-changing layer 340 may include about 3 wt % to 5 wt % of the binder based on the total weight of the fourth color-changing layer 340.

[0461] The second electrolyte layer 420 is disposed below the third color-changing layer 330. Furthermore, the second electrolyte layer 420 is disposed on the fourth color-changing layer 340. The second electrolyte layer 420 is disposed between the third color-changing layer 330 and the fourth color-changing layer 340.

[0462] The second electrolyte layer 420 may include a solid polymer electrolyte or an inorganic hydrate containing metal ions. The first electrolyte layer 410 may include lithium ions (Li + ), sodium ion (Na + ), potassium ion (K + )wait.

[0463] Specifically, poly-AMPS, PEO / LiCF3SO3, etc. can be used as the solid polymer electrolyte, and Sb2O5.4H2O, etc. can be used as the inorganic hydrate.

[0464] Furthermore, the second electrolyte layer 420 is a structure for providing electrolyte ions that participate in the electrochromic reaction. The electrolyte ions may be, for example, H + , Li + 、Na + , K + , Rb + or Cs + Equivalent cations.

[0465] The second electrolyte layer 420 may include an electrolyte. As examples of the electrolyte, a liquid electrolyte, a gel polymer electrolyte, or an inorganic solid electrolyte may be used without limitation. Also, the electrolyte may be used in a layer or film form so that it may be stacked together with the electrode or substrate.

[0466] The type of electrolyte salt used in the second electrolyte layer 420 is not particularly limited, as long as it can contain electrolyte salts that can provide monovalent cations, i.e., H + , Li + 、Na + , K + , Rb + or Cs + For example, the second electrolyte layer 420 may include LiClO4, LiBF4, LiAsF6, LiPF6, LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiB 10 Cl 10 , lithium salt compounds such as LiCF3SO3, LiCF3CO2, LiAsF6, LiSbF6, LiAlCl4, CH3SO3Li, CF3SO3Li or (CF3SO2)2NLi; or sodium salt compounds such as NaClO4.

[0467] In one example, the second electrolyte layer 420 may include a compound containing Cl or F as an electrolyte salt. Specifically, the electrolyte layer 700 may include a compound selected from LiClO4, LiBF4, LiAsF6, LiPF6, LiCl, LiB 10 Cl 10 , LiCF3SO3, LiCF3CO2, LiAsF6, LiSbF6, LiAlCl4, CF3SO3Li, (CF3SO2)2NLi and NaClO4.

[0468] The electrolyte may also include a carbonate compound as a solvent. Since carbonate compounds have a high dielectric constant, ionic conductivity may be improved. As non-limiting examples, solvents such as propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate or ethyl methyl carbonate may be used as carbonate compounds.

[0469] In another example, when the second electrolyte layer 420 includes a gel polymer electrolyte, the second electrolyte layer 420 may include a polymer such as polyvinyl sulfonic acid, polystyrene sulfonic acid, polyvinyl sulfonic acid, poly-2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, polyperfluorosulfonic acid, polytoluene sulfonic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene imine, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, poly (ethylene oxide, siloxane), poly (ethylene glycol, siloxane), poly (propylene oxide, siloxane), poly (ethylene oxide, methyl methacrylate), poly (ethylene oxide, acrylic acid), poly (propylene glycol, methyl methacrylate), polyethylene succinate or polyethylene adipate. In one example, a mixture of two or more of the listed polymers or a copolymer of two or more of the listed polymers may be used as a polymer electrolyte.

[0470] Furthermore, the second electrolyte layer 420 may include a curable resin that can be cured by ultraviolet irradiation or heat. The curable resin may be at least one selected from the group consisting of acrylate oligomers, polyethylene glycol oligomers, urethane oligomers, polyester oligomers, polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and polyethylene glycol diacrylate. Furthermore, the second electrolyte layer 420 may include a photocuring initiator and / or a thermal curing initiator.

[0471] The thickness of the second electrolyte layer 420 may be about 10 μm to about 200 μm. The thickness of the second electrolyte layer 420 may be about 50 μm to about 150 μm.

[0472] The second electrolyte layer 420 may have a transmittance in the range of 60% to 95%. Specifically, the transmittance of the second electrolyte layer 420 in the wavelength range of 380nm to 780nm, more specifically, in the visible light of 400nm or 550nm, may be in the range of 60% to 95%. The transmittance may be measured using a known haze meter.

[0473] The electrochromic device according to the embodiment may further include a sealing portion (not shown). The sealing portion may be disposed on a side of at least one of the first electrochromic portion 11 and the second electrochromic portion 12 .

[0474] The sealing part includes a curable resin. The sealing part may include a thermosetting resin and / or a photocurable resin.

[0475] Examples of the thermosetting resin may include epoxy resins, melamine resins, urea resins, or unsaturated polyester resins, etc. Also, examples of the epoxy resin may include phenol novolac epoxy resins, cresol novolac epoxy resins, biphenyl novolac epoxy resins, trisphenol novolac epoxy resins, dicyclopentadiene novolac epoxy resins, bisphenol A epoxy resins, bisphenol F epoxy resins, 2,2'-diallyl bisphenol A epoxy resins, bisphenol S epoxy resins, hydrogenated bisphenol A epoxy resins, propylene oxide addition bisphenol A epoxy resins, biphenyl epoxy resins, naphthalene epoxy resins, resorcinol epoxy resins, or glycidylamines, etc.

[0476] In addition, the sealing part may further include a thermosetting agent, which may include hydrazide compounds such as 1,3-bis[hydrazinocarbonylethyl-5-isopropylhydantoin] and adipic acid dihydrazide; dicyandiamide, guanidine derivatives, 1-cyanoethyl-2-phenylimidazole, N-[2-(2-methyl-1-imidazolyl)ethyl]urea, 2,4-diamino-6-[2'-methylimidazole (1')]-ethyl-s-thiazine, N,N'-bis(2-methyl-1-imidazoethyl)urea, N,N'-(2-methyl-1-imidazoethyl)-azamide, 2-phenyl-4-methyl-5-hydroxymethylimidazole, 2-imidazoline-2-thiol, 2,2'-thiodiethanethiol, and various amines and epoxy resins.

[0477] The first sealing portion may include a photocurable resin. Examples of the photocurable resin may include acrylic resins such as urethane acrylate, etc. In addition, the sealing portion may further include a photocurable initiator. The photocurable initiator may be at least one selected from the group consisting of acetophenone compounds, benzophenone compounds, thioxanthone compounds, benzoin compounds, triazine compounds, and oxime compounds.

[0478] Furthermore, the sealing portion may further include a moisture absorbent such as zeolite and / or silicon dioxide. Furthermore, the sealing portion may further include an inorganic filler. The inorganic filler may be a material having high insulation, transparency and durability. Examples of the inorganic filler may include silicon, aluminum, zirconium oxide or a mixture thereof.

[0479] Also, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may further include a first bus bar (not shown), a second bus bar (not shown), a third bus bar (not shown), and a fourth bus bar (not shown).

[0480] The first bus bar may be disposed on the first transparent electrode 210. The first bus bar may be connected to the first transparent electrode 210.

[0481] The first bus bar may be electrically connected to the first transparent electrode 210. The first bus bar may be in direct contact with the upper surface of the first transparent electrode 210. The first bus bar may be connected to the first transparent electrode 210 by welding.

[0482] The second bus bar is disposed below the second transparent electrode 220 and is connected to the second transparent electrode 220 .

[0483] The second bus bar may be electrically connected to the second transparent electrode 220. The second bus bar may be in direct contact with the lower surface of the second transparent electrode 220. The second bus bar may be connected to the second transparent electrode 220 by welding.

[0484] The third bus bar may be disposed below the third transparent electrode 230. The third bus bar may be connected to the third transparent electrode 230.

[0485] The third bus bar may be electrically connected to the third transparent electrode 230. The third bus bar may be in direct contact with the lower surface of the third transparent electrode 230. The third bus bar may be connected to the third transparent electrode 230 by welding.

[0486] The fourth bus bar is disposed on the fourth transparent electrode 240. The fourth bus bar is connected to the fourth transparent electrode 240.

[0487] The fourth bus bar may be electrically connected to the fourth transparent electrode 240. The fourth bus bar may be in direct contact with the upper surface of the fourth transparent electrode 240. The fourth bus bar may be connected to the fourth transparent electrode 240 by welding.

[0488] The first busbar, the second busbar, the third busbar and / or the fourth busbar may contain metal. The first busbar, the second busbar, the third busbar and / or the fourth busbar may contain metal strip. The first busbar, the second busbar, the third busbar and / or the fourth busbar may contain conductive paste. The first busbar, the second busbar, the third busbar and / or the fourth busbar may contain an adhesive and a conductive filler.

[0489] The electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be prepared by the following method. Figures 8 to 11 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a process of preparing an electrochromic device according to an embodiment.

[0490] refer to Figure 8The first transparent electrode 210 is formed on the first substrate 110. The first transparent electrode 210 may be formed by a vacuum deposition process. The first transparent electrode 210 may be formed by depositing a metal oxide such as indium tin oxide on the first substrate 110 by a sputtering process or the like.

[0491] The first transparent electrode 210 may be formed by a coating process, may be formed by coating metal nanowires and an adhesive on the first substrate 110 , or may be formed by coating a conductive polymer on the first substrate 110 .

[0492] Furthermore, the first transparent electrode 210 may be formed by a patterning process. A metal layer may be formed on the first substrate 110 by a sputtering process or the like, and the metal layer may be patterned, so that the first transparent electrode 210 including a metal mesh may be formed on the first substrate 110 .

[0493] Furthermore, a third transparent electrode 230 is formed below the first substrate 110. The third transparent electrode 230 may be formed by a vacuum deposition process or by depositing a metal oxide such as indium tin oxide on the lower surface of the first substrate 110 by a sputtering process.

[0494] The third transparent electrode 230 may be formed by a coating process. The third transparent electrode 230 may be formed by coating metal nanowires and an adhesive together on the lower surface of the first substrate 110. The third transparent electrode 230 may be formed by coating a conductive polymer on the lower surface of the first substrate 110.

[0495] Furthermore, the third transparent electrode 230 may be formed by a patterning process. A metal layer is formed on the lower surface of the first substrate 110 by a sputtering process or the like, and the metal layer is patterned, so that the third transparent electrode 230 including a metal mesh is formed on the lower surface of the first substrate 110 .

[0496] The first color-changing layer 310 is formed on the first transparent electrode 210. The first color-changing layer 310 can be formed by a sol-gel coating process. A first sol solution including a first electrochromic substance, a binder, and a solvent can be coated on the first transparent electrode 210. A sol-gel reaction can occur in the coated first sol solution, and the first color-changing layer 310 can be formed.

[0497] The first sol solution may include about 5 wt % to about 30 wt % of the first color-changing substance in particle form. The first sol solution may include about 5 wt % to about 30 wt % of the binder. The first sol solution may include about 60 wt % to about 90 wt % of the solvent.

[0498] The first sol solution may further include a dispersant.

[0499] The solvent may be at least one selected from the group consisting of alcohols, ethers, ketones, esters and aromatic hydrocarbons. The solvent may be at least one selected from the group consisting of ethanol, propanol, butanol, hexanol, cyclohexanol, diacetone alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, glycerol, diethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, acetylacetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, acetoacetate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate and isobutyl acetate.

[0500] As described above, the binder may be an inorganic binder.

[0501] Then, a third color-changing layer 330 is formed under the third transparent electrode 230. After the stacked body including the first substrate 110, the first transparent electrode 210, the third transparent electrode 230 and the first color-changing layer 310 is turned over, the third color-changing layer 330 can be formed by a sol-gel coating process.

[0502] A third sol solution including a third electrochromic material, a binder, and a solvent may be coated on the lower surface of the third transparent electrode 230. A sol-gel reaction may occur in the coated third sol solution, and the third color-changing layer 330 may be formed.

[0503] The third sol solution may include about 5 wt % to about 30 wt % of the third electrochromic substance in particle form. The third sol solution may include about 5 wt % to about 30 wt % of the binder. The third sol solution may include about 60 wt % to about 90 wt % of the solvent.

[0504] The third sol solution may further include a dispersant.

[0505] The solvent may be at least one selected from the group consisting of alcohols, ethers, ketones, esters and aromatic hydrocarbons. The solvent may be at least one selected from the group consisting of ethanol, propanol, butanol, hexanol, cyclohexanol, diacetone alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, glycerol, diethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, acetylacetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, acetoacetate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate and isobutyl acetate.

[0506] As described above, the binder may be an inorganic binder.

[0507] Therefore, a first stacked body including the first substrate 110 , the first transparent electrode 210 , the third transparent electrode 230 , the first color-changing layer 310 , and the third color-changing layer 330 is formed.

[0508] refer to Fig. 9 , a second transparent electrode 220 is formed on the second substrate 120 .

[0509] The second transparent electrode 220 may be formed by a vacuum deposition process or by depositing a metal oxide such as indium tin oxide on the second substrate 120 by a sputtering process.

[0510] The second transparent electrode 220 may be formed by a coating process, may be formed by coating metal nanowires and an adhesive together on the second substrate 120, or may be formed by coating a conductive polymer on the second substrate 120.

[0511] Furthermore, the second transparent electrode 220 may be formed by a patterning process. A metal layer may be formed on the second substrate 120 by a sputtering process or the like, and the metal layer may be patterned, so that the second transparent electrode 220 including a metal mesh may be formed on the second substrate 120 .

[0512] Then, a second color-changing layer 320 is formed on the second transparent electrode 220. The second color-changing layer 320 can be formed by a sol-gel coating process. A second sol solution containing a second electrochromic substance, a binder, and a solvent can be coated on the second transparent electrode 220. A sol-gel reaction can occur in the coated second sol solution, and the second color-changing layer 320 can be formed.

[0513] The second sol solution may include about 5 wt % to about 30 wt % of the second color-changing substance in particle form. The second sol solution may include about 5 wt % to about 30 wt % of the binder. The second sol solution may include about 60 wt % to about 90 wt % of the solvent.

[0514] The second sol solution may further include a dispersant.

[0515] Then, an electrolyte composition for forming the first electrolyte layer 410 is formed on the second color change layer 320 .

[0516] The electrolyte composition may include a metal salt, an electrolyte, a photocurable resin, and a photocurable initiator. The photocurable resin may be at least one selected from the group consisting of hexanediol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, glycerol propoxylated triacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, and dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate.

[0517] The metal salt, the electrolyte, and the photocuring initiator may be as described above.

[0518] Then, the electrolyte composition is coated on the second color-changing layer 320. The electrolyte composition can be coated on the second color-changing layer 320 by bar coating, slit coating, knife coating, or roll coating.

[0519] Thus, a second stacked body including the second substrate 120 , the second transparent electrode 220 , the second color-changing layer 320 , and the first electrolyte composition coating layer 411 is formed.

[0520] refer to Fig.10 , a fourth transparent electrode 240 is formed on the third substrate 130 .

[0521] The fourth transparent electrode 240 may be formed by a vacuum deposition process or by depositing a metal oxide such as indium tin oxide on the third substrate 130 by a sputtering process.

[0522] The fourth transparent electrode 240 may be formed by a coating process, may be formed by coating nanometal wires and an adhesive on the third substrate 130 , or may be formed by coating a conductive polymer on the third substrate 130 .

[0523] Furthermore, the fourth transparent electrode 240 may be formed by a patterning process. A metal layer may be formed on the third substrate 130 by a sputtering process or the like, and the metal layer may be patterned, so that the fourth transparent electrode 240 including a metal mesh may be formed on the third substrate 130 .

[0524] Then, a fourth color-changing layer 340 is formed on the fourth transparent electrode 240. The fourth color-changing layer 340 may be formed by a sol-gel coating process. A fourth sol solution including a fourth electrochromic substance, a binder, and a solvent may be coated on the fourth transparent electrode 240. A sol-gel reaction may occur in the coated fourth sol solution, and the fourth color-changing layer 340 may be formed.

[0525] The fourth sol solution may include about 5 wt % to about 30 wt % of the fourth color-changing substance in particle form. The fourth sol solution may include about 5 wt % to about 30 wt % of the binder. The fourth sol solution may include about 60 wt % to about 90 wt % of the solvent.

[0526] The fourth sol solution may further include a dispersant.

[0527] Then, an electrolyte composition for forming the second electrolyte layer 420 is formed on the fourth color change layer 340 .

[0528] The electrolyte composition may include a metal salt, an electrolyte, a photocurable resin, and a photocurable initiator. The photocurable resin may be at least one selected from the group consisting of hexanediol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, glycerol propoxylated triacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, and dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate.

[0529] The metal salt, the electrolyte, and the photocuring initiator may be as described above.

[0530] Then, the electrolyte composition is coated on the fourth color-changing layer 340. The electrolyte composition can be coated on the fourth color-changing layer 340 by bar coating, slit coating, knife coating, or roll coating.

[0531] Thus, a third stacked body including the fourth substrate, the fourth transparent electrode 240 , the fourth color-changing layer 340 , and the second electrolyte composition coating layer 421 is formed.

[0532] refer to Fig.11 , the first stack, the second stack and the third stack are laminated.

[0533] In this case, the first electrolyte composition coating layer may be in direct contact with the upper surface of the first color-changing layer 310 , and the second electrolyte composition coating layer may be in direct contact with the lower surface of the third color-changing layer 330 .

[0534] Then, the first and second electrolyte composition coatings may be cured by light, and the first, second, and third stacks may be bonded to each other, and the first and second electrolyte layers 410 and 420 may be formed.

[0535] The first electrochromic portion 11 has a first dark state and a first transmission state.

[0536] The first dark state is a state in which the first driving signal as an electrical signal is applied to the first transparent electrode 210 and the second transparent electrode 220, and the first color-changing layer 310 and the second color-changing layer 320 are colored. The first driving signal can be used to reduce the first color-changing layer 310 and oxidize the second color-changing layer 320, thereby coloring the first electrochromic portion 11.

[0537] Therefore, the first electrochromic portion 11 may have a low light transmittance in the first dark state. The first electrochromic portion 11 may have a light transmittance of about 10% to about 30% in the first dark state.

[0538] The first transmission state is a state in which the second driving signal as an electrical signal is applied to the first transparent electrode 210 and the second transparent electrode 220, and the first color-changing layer 310 and the second color-changing layer 320 are decolorized. The first color-changing layer 310 can be oxidized and the second color-changing layer 320 can be reduced by the second driving signal, thereby decolorizing the first electrochromic portion 11.

[0539] Therefore, the first electrochromic portion 11 may have a high light transmittance in the first transmission state. The first electrochromic portion 11 may have a light transmittance of about 50% to about 80% in the first transmission state.

[0540] The second electrochromic portion 12 has a second dark state and a second transmission state.

[0541] The second dark state is a state in which the third driving signal as an electrical signal is applied to the third transparent electrode 230 and the fourth transparent electrode 240, and the third color-changing layer 330 and the fourth color-changing layer 340 are colored. The third driving signal can be used to reduce the third color-changing layer 330 and oxidize the fourth color-changing layer 340, thereby coloring the second electrochromic portion 12.

[0542] Therefore, the second electrochromic portion 12 may have a low light transmittance in the second dark state. The second electrochromic portion 12 may have a light transmittance of about 10% to about 30% in the second dark state.

[0543] The second transmission state is a state in which a fourth driving signal as an electrical signal is applied to the third transparent electrode 230 and the fourth transparent electrode 240, and the third color-changing layer 330 and the fourth color-changing layer 340 are decolorized. The third color-changing layer 330 can be oxidized and the fourth color-changing layer 340 can be reduced by the fourth driving signal, thereby decolorizing the second electrochromic portion 12.

[0544] Therefore, the second electrochromic portion 12 may have a high light transmittance in the second transmission state. The second electrochromic portion 12 may have a light transmittance of about 50% to about 80% in the second transmission state.

[0545] The electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have the first color in the first dark state and the second transmission state. That is, when the first electrochromic portion 11 is in the first dark state and the second electrochromic portion 12 is in the second transmission state, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have the first color.

[0546] The electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have a second color in the first transmission state and the second dark state. That is, when the first electrochromic portion 11 is in the first transmission state and the second electrochromic portion 12 is in the second dark state, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have the second color.

[0547] The first color and the second color are different from each other.

[0548] The difference between a* of the first color and a* of the second color may be greater than about 2. The difference between a* of the first color and a* of the second color may be about 2 to about 10. The difference between a* of the first color and a* of the second color may be about 5 to about 10. The difference between a* of the first color and a* of the second color may be greater than about 7.

[0549] The a* of the first color may be from about -10 to about 10. The a* of the first color may be from about -8 to about 8. The a* of the first color may be from about -7 to about 7. The a* of the first color may be from about -5 to about 5.

[0550] The a* of the second color may be from about -10 to about 10. The a* of the second color may be from about -8 to about 8. The a* of the second color may be from about -7 to about 7. The a* of the second color may be from about -5 to about 5.

[0551] The b* of the first color may be greater than the b* of the second color.

[0552] The difference between the b* of the first color and the b* of the second color may be greater than about 2. The difference between the b* of the first color and the b* of the second color may be about 2 to about 10. The difference between the b* of the first color and the b* of the second color may be about 5 to about 10. The difference between the b* of the first color and the b* of the second color may be greater than about 7.

[0553] The b* of the first color may be about -10 to about 10. The b* of the first color may be about -8 to about 8. The b* of the first color may be about -7 to about 7. The b* of the first color may be about -5 to about 5.

[0554] The b* of the second color may be about -10 to about 10. The b* of the second color may be about -8 to about 8. The b* of the second color may be about -7 to about 7. The b* of the second color may be about -5 to about 5.

[0555] The electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have a third color in the first dark state and the second dark state. That is, when the first electrochromic portion 11 is in the first dark state and the second electrochromic portion 12 is in the second dark state, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have the third color.

[0556] The a* of the third color may be between the a* of the first color and the a* of the second color. Also, the b* of the third color may be between the b* of the first color and the b* of the second color.

[0557] The first color may include blue. The second color may include brown. The third color may include black.

[0558] The L* of the third color may be about 0 to about 30. The L* of the third color may be less than about 20.

[0559] The L*, a*, and b* may be measured by a colorimeter, or by a spectrophotometer (Konica-Minolta, CM-5).

[0560] The electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have a first light transmittance in the first transmittance state and the second transmittance state.

[0561] The first light transmittance may be about 30% to about 80%. The first light transmittance may be about 30% to about 50%. The first light transmittance may be about 50% to about 80%. The first light transmittance may be about 40% to about 70%. The first light transmittance may be about 40% to about 60%.

[0562] The electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have a second light transmittance in the first dark state and the second transmittance state.

[0563] The second light transmittance may be about 10% to about 20%. The second light transmittance may be about 20% to about 40%. The second light transmittance may be about 10% to about 30%. The second light transmittance may be about 20% to about 40%. The second light transmittance may be about 10% to about 15%.

[0564] The electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have a third light transmittance in the first transmittance state and the second dark state.

[0565] The third light transmittance may be about 10% to about 20%. The third light transmittance may be about 20% to about 40%. The third light transmittance may be about 10% to about 30%. The third light transmittance may be about 20% to about 40%. The third light transmittance may be about 10% to about 15%.

[0566] The electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have a fourth light transmittance in the first dark state and the second dark state.

[0567] The fourth light transmittance may be about 3% to about 8%. The fourth light transmittance may be about 5% to about 10%. The fourth light transmittance may be about 3% to about 10%. The fourth light transmittance may be about 3% to about 15%. The fourth light transmittance may be about 5% to about 15%.

[0568] Since the electrochromic device according to the embodiment has the first color, the second color, and the third color in the ranges described above, it can have a color range of various stages.

[0569] Also, since the electrochromic device according to the embodiment has the first light transmittance, the second light transmittance, the third light transmittance, and the fourth light transmittance in the above-described ranges, the overall light transmittance can be adjusted to various stages of ranges.

[0570] The light transmittance may be a total light transmittance. In the electrochromic device according to the embodiment, the total light transmittance may be measured by a transmittance meter (EDTM, SS2450).

[0571] The first color-changing layer 310 may include nickel oxide, and the third color-changing layer 330 may include Prussian blue.

[0572] Furthermore, the second color-changing layer 320 and the third color-changing layer 330 may include tungsten oxide or titanium oxide.

[0573] The first electrochromic portion 11 and the second electrochromic portion 12 may have different colors in the first dark state and the second dark state, respectively. In particular, the first electrochromic portion 11 and the second electrochromic portion 12 may be stacked on each other.

[0574] The electrochromic device according to the embodiment may drive the first electrochromic portion 11 and the second electrochromic portion independently of each other.

[0575] Therefore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can realize various colors and various light transmittances by combining the first dark state, the second dark state, the first transmittance state and the second transmittance state. That is, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can have a combination of the first dark state and the second dark state. The electrochromic device according to the embodiment can have a combination of the first dark state and the second transmittance state. The electrochromic device according to the embodiment can have a combination of the first transmittance state and the second dark state. The electrochromic device according to the embodiment can have a combination of the first transmittance state and the second transmittance state.

[0576] In particular, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can drive the first electrochromic portion 11 and the second electrochromic portion separately. Therefore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can achieve various levels of color and various levels of light transmittance without a complicated driving method.

[0577] Fig.12 FIG. 1 is a top view showing an electrochromic device according to yet another embodiment. Fig.13 FIG. 4 is a top view showing a first transparent electrode according to yet another embodiment. Fig.14 FIG. 4 is a top view showing a second transparent electrode according to yet another embodiment. Fig.15 To show Fig.12 A cross-sectional view of the section cut along A-A'. Fig.16 To show Fig.12 A cross-sectional view of the section cut along BB'. Figures 17 to 24 FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a process of preparing an electrochromic device according to yet another embodiment. Fig.25 FIG. 4 is a top view showing a first transparent electrode according to yet another embodiment. Fig.26 FIG. 4 is a top view showing a second transparent electrode according to yet another embodiment.

[0578] refer to Fig.12, the electrochromic device according to the present embodiment may have a quadrilateral planar shape. The electrochromic device according to the present embodiment may have a rectangular planar shape.

[0579] like Figures 12 to 16 As shown, the electrochromic device according to this embodiment includes a first corner area E1 and a second corner area E2.

[0580] The first corner area E1 is an area around the first corner. The first corner area E1 may be an area within about 10 cm from the first corner. The first corner area E1 may be an area within about 20 cm from the first corner. The first corner area E1 may be an area within about 30 cm from the first corner.

[0581] The second corner region E2 is disposed in a diagonal direction relative to the first corner region E1. Based on the central portion of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment, the second corner region E2 may be disposed opposite to the first corner region E1.

[0582] The second corner area E2 is an area around the second corner. Relative to the first corner, the second corner may be located in a diagonal direction. The second corner area E2 may be an area within about 10 cm from the second corner. The second corner area E2 may be an area within about 20 cm from the second corner. The second corner area E2 may be an area within about 30 cm from the second corner.

[0583] refer to Figures 12 to 16 According to the embodiment, the electrochromic device includes a first substrate 100, a second substrate 200, a first transparent electrode 300, a second transparent electrode 400, a first color-changing layer 500, a second color-changing layer 600, an electrolyte layer 700, a first bus 1010, a second bus 1020, a third bus 1030, a fourth bus 1040, a first sealing portion 800, a second sealing portion 900, a third sealing portion and a fourth sealing portion 900.

[0584] The first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 together support the first transparent electrode 300 , the first color-changing layer 500 , the second color-changing layer 600 , the second transparent electrode 400 , and the electrolyte layer 700 .

[0585] Furthermore, the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 sandwich the first transparent electrode 300, the first color-changing layer 500, the second color-changing layer 600, the second transparent electrode 400, and the electrolyte layer 700. The first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 can protect the first transparent electrode 300, the first color-changing layer 500, the second color-changing layer 600, the second transparent electrode 400, and the electrolyte layer 700 from external physical and chemical impacts.

[0586] The first substrate 100 may include a polymer resin. The first substrate 100 may include at least one selected from the group consisting of polyester resin, polyimide resin, cycloolefin polymer resin, polyethersulfone, polycarbonate, and polyolefin resin.

[0587] The first substrate 100 may include a polyester resin as a main component. The first substrate 100 may include polyethylene terephthalate. Based on the total amount of the composition, the first substrate 100 may include about 90wt% or more of the polyethylene terephthalate. Based on the total amount of the composition, the first substrate 100 may include about 95wt% or more of the polyethylene terephthalate. Based on the total amount of the composition, the first substrate 100 may include about 97wt% or more of the polyethylene terephthalate. Based on the total amount of the composition, the first substrate 100 may include about 98wt% or more of the polyethylene terephthalate.

[0588] The first substrate 100 may include a uniaxially or biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate film. The first substrate 100 may include a polyethylene terephthalate film stretched by about 2 times to about 5 times in a length direction and / or a width direction.

[0589] When applied to windows of buildings or vehicles, the first substrate 100 may have high mechanical properties to enhance the strength of the glass.

[0590] The first substrate 100 may have a strength of about 7 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 40kgf / mm 2 The first substrate 100 may have a tensile strength of about 8 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 35kgf / mm 2 tensile strength.

[0591] The first substrate 100 may have a strength of about 7 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 40kgf / mm 2The first substrate 100 may have a tensile strength of about 8 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 35kgf / mm 2 tensile strength.

[0592] The first substrate 100 may have a strength of about 200 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 400kgf / mm 2 The first substrate 100 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 350kgf / mm 2 The first substrate 100 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 270kgf / mm 2 The modulus.

[0593] The first substrate 100 may have a strength of about 200 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 400kgf / mm 2 The first substrate 100 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 350kgf / mm 2 The first substrate 100 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 270kgf / mm 2 The modulus.

[0594] The first substrate 100 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to about 150% along the length direction. The first substrate 100 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to about 130% along the length direction. The first substrate 100 may have an elongation at break of about 40% to about 120% along the length direction.

[0595] The first substrate 100 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to about 150% along the length direction. The first substrate 100 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to about 130% along the length direction. The first substrate 100 may have an elongation at break of about 40% to about 120% along the length direction.

[0596] The first substrate 100 may have a breaking elongation of about 30% to about 150% along the width direction. The first substrate 100 may have a breaking elongation of about 30% to about 130% along the width direction. The first substrate 100 may have a breaking elongation of about 40% to about 120% along the width direction.

[0597] The modulus, the elongation at break, and the tensile strength may be measured according to KS B 5521.

[0598] In addition, the modulus, the tensile strength, and the elongation at break may be measured according to ASTM D882.

[0599] Since the first substrate 100 has the improved mechanical strength as described above, it is possible to effectively protect the first transparent electrode 300, the second transparent electrode 400, the first color-changing layer 500, the second color-changing layer 600, and the electrolyte layer 700. Also, since the first substrate 100 has the improved mechanical strength as described above, it is possible to effectively enhance the mechanical strength of the glass to be attached.

[0600] The first substrate 100 may include glass. The first substrate 100 may be a glass substrate.

[0601] Also, the first substrate 100 may have high chemical resistance. Therefore, even if the electrolyte contained in the electrolyte layer leaks to the first substrate 100, damage to the surface of the first substrate 100 may be minimized.

[0602] The first substrate 100 may have improved optical properties. The total light transmittance of the first substrate 100 may be about 55% or more. The total light transmittance of the first substrate 100 may be about 70% or more. The total light transmittance of the first substrate 100 may be about 75% to about 99%. The total light transmittance of the first substrate 100 may be about 80% to about 99%.

[0603] The haze of the first substrate 100 may be about 20% or less. The haze of the first substrate 100 may be about 0.1% to about 20%. The haze of the first substrate 100 may be about 0.1% to about 10%. The haze of the first substrate 100 may be about 0.1% to about 7%.

[0604] The total light transmittance and the haze can be measured according to ASTM D 1003 or the like.

[0605] Since the first substrate 100 has appropriate total light transmittance and haze, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can have improved optical characteristics. That is, since the first substrate 100 has appropriate transmittance and haze, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can be applied to a window to appropriately adjust the transmittance, minimize the distortion of an image from the outside, and have an improved appearance.

[0606] Also, the first substrate 100 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 100 nm to about 4000 nm, the first substrate 100 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 200 nm to about 3500 nm, and the first substrate 100 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 200 nm to about 3000 nm.

[0607] The first substrate 100 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 7000 nm or more. The first substrate 100 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 7000 nm to about 50000 nm. The first substrate 100 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 8000 nm to about 20000 nm.

[0608] The in-plane phase difference may be obtained according to the refractive index and thickness of the first substrate 100 .

[0609] Since the first substrate 100 has the in-plane phase difference as described above, the decoration sheet according to the embodiment has an improved appearance.

[0610] The thickness of the first substrate 100 may be about 10 μm to about 200 μm. The thickness of the first substrate 100 may be about 23 μm to about 150 μm. The thickness of the first substrate 100 may be about 30 μm to about 120 μm.

[0611] The first substrate 100 may include an organic or inorganic filler. The organic or inorganic filler may function as an anti-adhesive agent.

[0612] The average particle size of the filler may be about 0.1 μm to about 5 μm. The average particle size of the filler may be about 0.1 μm to about 3 μm. The average particle size of the filler may be about 0.1 μm to about 1 μm.

[0613] The filler may be at least one selected from the group consisting of silica particles, barium sulfate particles, alumina particles, and titanium dioxide particles.

[0614] And, the filler may be included in the first substrate 100 at a content of about 0.01 wt % to about 3 wt % based on the total amount of the first substrate 100. The filler may be included in the first substrate 100 at a content of about 0.05 wt % to about 2 wt % based on the total amount of the first substrate 100.

[0615] The first substrate 100 may have a single-layer structure. For example, the first substrate 100 may be a single-layer polyester film.

[0616] The first substrate 100 may have a multi-layer structure. For example, the first substrate 100 may be a multi-layer co-extruded film. The multi-layer co-extruded structure may include a core layer, a first surface layer and a second surface layer. The filler may be contained in the first surface layer and the second surface layer.

[0617] The second substrate 200 is opposite to the first substrate 100. The second substrate 200 is disposed on the first substrate 100. One end of the second substrate 200 may be disposed to be offset from one end of the first substrate 100. The other end of the second substrate 200 may be disposed to be offset from the other end of the first substrate 100.

[0618] The second substrate 200 supports the first transparent electrode 300 , the first color-changing layer 500 , the second color-changing layer 600 , the second transparent electrode 400 , and the electrolyte layer 700 together with the first substrate 100 .

[0619] Furthermore, the second substrate 200 sandwiches the first transparent electrode 300, the first color-changing layer 500, the second color-changing layer 600, the second transparent electrode 400 and the electrolyte layer 700 together with the first substrate 100. The second substrate 200 can protect the first transparent electrode 300, the first color-changing layer 500, the second color-changing layer 600, the second transparent electrode 400 and the electrolyte layer 700 from external physical and chemical impacts together with the first substrate 100.

[0620] The second substrate 200 may include a polymer resin. The second substrate 200 may include at least one selected from the group consisting of a polyester resin, a polyimide resin, a cycloolefin polymer resin, polyethersulfone, polycarbonate, and a polyolefin resin.

[0621] The second substrate 200 may include a polyester resin as a main component. The second substrate 200 may include polyethylene terephthalate. Based on the total amount of the composition, the second substrate 200 may include about 90wt% or more of the polyethylene terephthalate. Based on the total amount of the composition, the second substrate 200 may include about 95wt% or more of the polyethylene terephthalate. Based on the total amount of the composition, the second substrate 200 may include about 97wt% or more of the polyethylene terephthalate. Based on the total amount of the composition, the second substrate 200 may include about 98wt% or more of the polyethylene terephthalate.

[0622] The second substrate 200 may include a uniaxially or biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate film. The second substrate 200 may include a polyethylene terephthalate film stretched by about 2 times to about 5 times in a length direction and / or a width direction.

[0623] When applied to windows of buildings or vehicles, the second substrate 200 may have high mechanical properties to enhance the strength of the glass.

[0624] The second substrate 200 may have a strength of about 7 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 40kgf / mm 2 The second substrate 200 may have a tensile strength of about 8 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 35kgf / mm 2 tensile strength.

[0625] The second substrate 200 may have a strength of about 7 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 40kgf / mm 2 The second substrate 200 may have a tensile strength of about 8 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 35kgf / mm 2 tensile strength.

[0626] The second substrate 200 may have a strength of about 200 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 400kgf / mm 2 The second substrate 200 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 350kgf / mm 2 The second substrate 200 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm along the length direction. 2 To about 270kgf / mm 2 The modulus.

[0627] The second substrate 200 may have a strength of about 200 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 400kgf / mm 2 The second substrate 200 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 350kgf / mm 2 The second substrate 200 may have a modulus of about 250 kgf / mm along the width direction. 2 To about 270kgf / mm 2 The modulus.

[0628] The second substrate 200 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to about 150% along the length direction. The second substrate 200 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to about 130% along the length direction. The second substrate 200 may have an elongation at break of about 40% to about 120% along the length direction.

[0629] The second substrate 200 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to about 150% along the length direction. The second substrate 200 may have an elongation at break of about 30% to about 130% along the length direction. The second substrate 200 may have an elongation at break of about 40% to about 120% along the length direction.

[0630] The second substrate 200 may have a breaking elongation of about 30% to about 150% along the width direction. The second substrate 200 may have a breaking elongation of about 30% to about 130% along the width direction. The second substrate 200 may have a breaking elongation of about 40% to about 120% along the width direction.

[0631] Since the second substrate 200 can have the improved mechanical strength as described above, it is possible to effectively protect the first transparent electrode 300, the second transparent electrode 400, the first color-changing layer 500, the second color-changing layer 600, and the electrolyte layer 700. Also, since the second substrate 200 can have the improved mechanical strength as described above, it is possible to effectively enhance the mechanical strength of the glass to be attached.

[0632] The second substrate 200 may include glass. The second substrate 200 may be a glass substrate.

[0633] Also, the second substrate 200 may have high chemical resistance. Therefore, even if the electrolyte contained in the electrolyte layer leaks to the second substrate 200, damage to the surface of the second substrate 200 may be minimized.

[0634] The second substrate 200 may have improved optical properties. The total light transmittance of the second substrate 200 may be about 55% or more. The total light transmittance of the second substrate 200 may be about 70% or more. The total light transmittance of the second substrate 200 may be about 75% to about 99%. The total light transmittance of the second substrate 200 may be about 80% to about 99%.

[0635] The haze of the second substrate 200 may be about 20% or less. The haze of the second substrate 200 may be about 0.1% to about 20%. The haze of the second substrate 200 may be about 0.1% to about 10%. The haze of the second substrate 200 may be about 0.1% to about 7%.

[0636] Since the second substrate 200 has appropriate total light transmittance and haze, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can have improved optical characteristics. That is, since the second substrate 200 has appropriate transmittance and haze, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can be applied to the window to appropriately adjust the transmittance, minimize the distortion of the image from the outside, and have an improved appearance.

[0637] Also, the second substrate 200 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 100 nm to about 4000 nm, the second substrate 200 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 200 nm to about 3500 nm, or the second substrate 200 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 200 nm to about 3000 nm.

[0638] The second substrate 200 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 7000 nm or more. The second substrate 200 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 7000 nm to about 50000 nm. The second substrate 200 may have an in-plane phase difference of about 8000 nm to about 20000 nm.

[0639] The in-plane phase difference may be obtained according to the refractive index and thickness of the second substrate 200 .

[0640] Since the second substrate 200 has the in-plane phase difference as described above, the decoration sheet according to the embodiment has an improved appearance.

[0641] The second substrate 200 may have a thickness of about 10 μm to about 200 μm, the first substrate 100 may have a thickness of about 23 μm to about 150 μm, and the first substrate 100 may have a thickness of about 30 μm to about 120 μm.

[0642] The second substrate 200 may include an organic or inorganic filler. The organic or inorganic filler may function as an anti-adhesive agent.

[0643] The average particle size of the filler may be about 0.1 μm to about 5 μm. The average particle size of the filler may be about 0.1 μm to about 3 μm. The average particle size of the filler may be about 0.1 μm to about 1 μm.

[0644] The filler may be at least one selected from the group consisting of silica particles, barium sulfate particles, alumina particles, and titanium dioxide particles.

[0645] And, the filler may be included in the second substrate 200 at a content of about 0.01 wt % to about 3 wt % based on the total amount of the second substrate 200. The filler may be included in the second substrate 200 at a content of about 0.05 wt % to about 2 wt % based on the total amount of the second substrate 200.

[0646] The second substrate 200 may have a single-layer structure. For example, the second substrate 200 may be a single-layer polyester film.

[0647] The second substrate 200 may have a multi-layer structure. For example, the second substrate 200 may be a multi-layer co-extruded film.

[0648] The first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 may be flexible. Therefore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be flexible as a whole.

[0649] The first transparent electrode 300 is disposed on the first substrate 100. The first transparent electrode 300 may be formed on the first substrate 100 by deposition. In addition, a hard coating layer may be further included between the first transparent electrode 300 and the first substrate 100.

[0650] The first transparent electrode 300 may include at least one selected from the group consisting of tin oxide, zinc oxide, silver, chromium, indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, gallium-doped zinc oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, niobium-doped titanium oxide, and cadmium tin oxide.

[0651] Furthermore, the first transparent electrode 300 may include graphene, silver nanowires and / or metal mesh.

[0652] The first transparent electrode 300 may have a total light transmittance of about 80% or more. The first transparent electrode 300 may have a total light transmittance of about 85% or more. The first transparent electrode 300 may have a total light transmittance of about 88% or more.

[0653] The first transparent electrode 300 may have a haze of about 10% or less. The first transparent electrode 300 may have a haze of about 7% or less. The first transparent electrode 300 may have a haze of about 5% or less.

[0654] The sheet resistance of the first transparent electrode 300 may be about 1 Ω / sq to 60 Ω / sq. The sheet resistance of the first transparent electrode 300 may be about 1 Ω / sq to 40 Ω / sq. The sheet resistance of the first transparent electrode 300 may be about 1 Ω / sq to 30 Ω / sq.

[0655] The thickness of the first transparent electrode 300 may be about 50 nm to about 50 μm. The thickness of the first transparent electrode 300 may be about 100 nm to about 10 μm. The thickness of the first transparent electrode 300 may be about 150 nm to about 5 μm.

[0656] The first transparent electrode 300 is electrically connected to the first color-changing layer 500 . Furthermore, the first transparent electrode 300 is electrically connected to the electrolyte layer 700 through the first color-changing layer 500 .

[0657] like Fig.13 As shown, the first transparent electrode 300 includes a first insulating pattern 310 and a third insulating pattern 320 .

[0658] The first insulating pattern 310 may extend from the first corner area E1 . The first insulating pattern 310 may extend from the first corner area E1 toward a central portion of the first transparent electrode 300 .

[0659] The first insulating pattern 310 may be formed by removing a portion of the first transparent electrode 300. That is, the first insulating pattern 310 may expose the upper surface of the first substrate 100. The first insulating pattern 310 may be formed by opening a portion of the first transparent electrode 300.

[0660] The first insulating pattern 310 may have a width of about 1 μm to about 100 μm, and a length of about 10 cm to about 50 cm.

[0661] In the first transparent electrode 300 , the first insulating pattern 310 may insulate both sides from each other. The first insulating pattern 310 may increase an electricity movement path in the first transparent electrode 300 .

[0662] The third insulating pattern 320 may extend from the second corner area E2 . The third insulating pattern 320 may extend from the second corner area E2 toward a central portion of the first transparent electrode 300 .

[0663] The third insulating pattern 320 may be formed by removing a portion of the first transparent electrode 300. That is, the third insulating pattern 320 may expose the upper surface of the first substrate 100. The third insulating pattern 320 may be formed by opening a portion of the first transparent electrode 300.

[0664] The width of the third insulating pattern 320 may be about 1 μm to about 100 μm. The length of the third insulating pattern 320 may be about 10 cm to about 50 cm.

[0665] In the first transparent electrode 300 , the third insulating pattern 320 may insulate both sides from each other. The third insulating pattern 320 may increase an electricity movement path in the first transparent electrode 300 .

[0666] The second transparent electrode 400 is disposed below the second substrate 200. The second transparent electrode 400 may be formed on the second substrate 200 by deposition. In addition, a hard coating layer may be further included between the second transparent electrode 400 and the second substrate 200.

[0667] The second transparent electrode 400 may include at least one selected from the group consisting of tin oxide, zinc oxide, silver, chromium, indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, gallium-doped zinc oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, niobium-doped titanium oxide, and cadmium tin oxide.

[0668] Furthermore, the second transparent electrode 400 may include graphene, silver nanowires and / or metal mesh.

[0669] The second transparent electrode 400 may have a total light transmittance of about 80% or more. The second transparent electrode 400 may have a total light transmittance of about 85% or more. The second transparent electrode 400 may have a total light transmittance of about 88% or more.

[0670] The second transparent electrode 400 may have a haze of about 10% or less. The second transparent electrode 400 may have a haze of about 7% or less. The second transparent electrode 400 may have a haze of about 5% or less.

[0671] The second transparent electrode 400 may have a sheet resistance of about 1 Ω / sq to 60 Ω / sq. The second transparent electrode 400 may have a sheet resistance of about 1 Ω / sq to 40 Ω / sq. The second transparent electrode 400 may have a sheet resistance of about 1 Ω / sq to 30 Ω / sq.

[0672] The thickness of the second transparent electrode 400 may be about 50 nm to about 50 μm. The thickness of the second transparent electrode 400 may be about 100 nm to about 10 μm. The thickness of the second transparent electrode 400 may be about 150 nm to about 5 μm.

[0673] The second transparent electrode 400 is electrically connected to the second color-changing layer 600 . Furthermore, the second transparent electrode 400 is electrically connected to the electrolyte layer 700 through the second color-changing layer 600 .

[0674] like Fig.14 As shown, the second transparent electrode 400 includes a second insulating pattern 410 and a fourth insulating pattern 420 .

[0675] The second insulating pattern 410 may extend from the first corner area E1 . The second insulating pattern 410 may extend from the first corner area E1 toward a central portion of the second transparent electrode 400 .

[0676] The second insulating pattern 410 may be formed by removing a portion of the second transparent electrode 400. That is, the second insulating pattern 410 may expose the lower surface of the second substrate 200. The second insulating pattern 410 may be formed by opening a portion of the second transparent electrode 400.

[0677] The width of the second insulating pattern 410 may be about 1 μm to about 100 μm. The length of the second insulating pattern 410 may be about 10 cm to about 50 cm.

[0678] In the second transparent electrode 400 , the second insulating pattern 410 may insulate both sides from each other. The second insulating pattern 410 may increase an electricity movement path in the second transparent electrode 400 .

[0679] The fourth insulating pattern 420 may extend from the second corner area E2 . The fourth insulating pattern 420 may extend from the second corner area E2 toward a central portion of the second transparent electrode 400 .

[0680] The fourth insulating pattern 420 may be formed by removing a portion of the second transparent electrode 400. That is, the fourth insulating pattern 420 may expose the lower surface of the second substrate 200. The fourth insulating pattern 420 may be formed by opening a portion of the second transparent electrode 400.

[0681] The fourth insulating pattern 420 may have a width of about 1 μm to about 100 μm, and a length of about 10 cm to about 50 cm.

[0682] In the second transparent electrode 400 , the fourth insulating pattern 420 may insulate both sides from each other. The fourth insulating pattern 420 may increase an electricity movement path in the second transparent electrode 400 .

[0683] Furthermore, the first insulating pattern 310 and the second insulating pattern 410 may be formed at positions corresponding to each other. When viewed from a plane, the first insulating pattern 310 and the second insulating pattern 410 may be disposed at the same position as each other.

[0684] Furthermore, the third insulation pattern 320 and the fourth insulation pattern 420 may be formed at positions corresponding to each other. When viewed from a plane, the third insulation pattern 320 and the fourth insulation pattern 420 may be disposed at the same position as each other.

[0685] The first color-changing layer 500 is disposed on the first transparent electrode 300. The first color-changing layer 500 may be directly disposed on the upper surface of the first transparent electrode 300. The first color-changing layer 500 may be directly electrically connected to the first transparent electrode 300.

[0686] The first color-changing layer 500 is electrically connected to the first transparent electrode 300. The first color-changing layer 500 may be directly connected to the first transparent electrode 300. Furthermore, the first color-changing layer 500 is electrically connected to the electrolyte layer 700. The first color-changing layer 500 may be electrically connected to the electrolyte layer 700.

[0687] The first color-changing layer 500 may change color by receiving electrons. The first color-changing layer 500 may include a first electrochromic substance that changes color by receiving electrons. The first electrochromic substance may include at least one selected from the group consisting of tungsten oxide, niobium pentoxide, vanadium pentoxide, titanium oxide, molybdenum oxide, viologen, and poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene).

[0688] The first color-changing layer 500 may include the first electrochromic substance in the form of particles. The tungsten oxide, niobium pentoxide, vanadium pentoxide, titanium oxide, and molybdenum oxide may be particles with a particle size of about 1 nm to about 200 nm.

[0689] Furthermore, the first color-changing layer 500 may further include an adhesive. The adhesive may be an inorganic adhesive. The adhesive may include silica gel. The adhesive may be formed by silica sol including tetramethoxysilane or methyltrimethoxysilane.

[0690] The second color-changing layer 600 is disposed below the second transparent electrode 400. The second color-changing layer 600 may be directly disposed on the lower surface of the second transparent electrode 400. The second color-changing layer 600 may be directly electrically connected to the second transparent electrode 400.

[0691] The second color-changing layer 600 is electrically connected to the second transparent electrode 400. The second color-changing layer 600 may be directly connected to the second transparent electrode 400. Furthermore, the second color-changing layer 600 is electrically connected to the electrolyte layer 700. The second color-changing layer 600 may be electrically connected to the electrolyte layer 700.

[0692] The second color-changing layer 600 may change color by losing electrons. The second color-changing layer 600 may include a second electrochromic material that changes color by losing electrons and oxidizing. The second color-changing layer 600 may include at least one selected from the group consisting of Prussian blue, nickel oxide, and iridium oxide.

[0693] The second color-changing layer 600 may include the second electrochromic substance in the form of particles. The Prussian blue, nickel oxide, and iridium oxide may be particles with a particle size of about 1 nm to about 200 nm.

[0694] Furthermore, the second color-changing layer 600 may further include the adhesive.

[0695] The electrolyte layer 700 is disposed on the first color-changing layer 500. Also, the electrolyte layer 700 is disposed below the second color-changing layer 600. The electrolyte layer 700 is disposed between the first color-changing layer 500 and the second color-changing layer 600.

[0696] The electrolyte layer 700 may include a solid polymer electrolyte or an inorganic hydrate containing metal ions. The electrolyte layer 700 may include lithium ions (Li + ), sodium ion (Na +) Potassium ion (K + )wait.

[0697] Specifically, poly-AMPS, PEO / LiCF3SO3, etc. can be used as the solid polymer electrolyte, and Sb2O5.4H2O, etc. can be used as the inorganic hydrate.

[0698] Furthermore, the electrolyte layer 700 is a structure for providing electrolyte ions that participate in the electrochromic reaction. The electrolyte ions may be, for example, H + , Li + 、Na + , K + , Rb + or Cs + Equivalent cations.

[0699] The electrolyte layer 700 may include an electrolyte. As examples of the electrolyte, a liquid electrolyte, a gel polymer electrolyte, or an inorganic solid electrolyte may be used without limitation. Also, the electrolyte may be used in a layer or film form so that it may be stacked together with the electrode or substrate.

[0700] The type of electrolyte salt used in the electrolyte layer 700 is not particularly limited, as long as it can contain a compound that can provide a monovalent cation, i.e., H+, Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, or Cs+. For example, the electrolyte layer 700 can contain LiClO4, LiBF4, LiAsF6, LiPF6, LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiB 10 Cl 10 , lithium salt compounds such as LiCF3SO3, LiCF3CO2, LiAsF6, LiSbF6, LiAlCl4, CH3SO3Li, CF3SO3Li or (CF3SO2)2NLi; or sodium salt compounds such as NaClO4.

[0701] In one example, the electrolyte layer 700 may include a compound containing Cl or F as an electrolyte salt. Specifically, the electrolyte layer 700 may include a compound selected from LiClO4, LiBF4, LiAsF6, LiPF6, LiCl, LiB 10 Cl 10 , LiCF3SO3, LiCF3CO2, LiAsF6, LiSbF6, LiAlCl4, CF3SO3Li, (CF3SO2)2NLi and NaClO4.

[0702] The electrolyte may also include a carbonate compound as a solvent. Since carbonate compounds have a high dielectric constant, ionic conductivity may be improved. As non-limiting examples, solvents such as propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate or ethyl methyl carbonate may be used as carbonate compounds.

[0703] In another example, when the electrolyte layer 700 includes a gel polymer electrolyte, the electrolyte layer 700 may include a polymer such as polyvinyl sulfonic acid, polystyrene sulfonic acid, polyvinyl sulfonic acid, poly-2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, polyperfluorosulfonic acid, polytoluene sulfonic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene imine, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, poly(ethylene oxide, siloxane), poly(ethylene glycol, siloxane), poly(propylene oxide, siloxane), poly(ethylene oxide, methyl methacrylate), poly(ethylene oxide, acrylic acid), poly(propylene glycol, methyl methacrylate), polyethylene succinate or polyethylene adipate. In one example, a mixture of two or more of the listed polymers or a copolymer of two or more of the listed polymers may be used as a polymer electrolyte.

[0704] Furthermore, the electrolyte layer 700 may include a curable resin that can be cured by ultraviolet irradiation or heat. The curable resin may be at least one selected from the group consisting of acrylate oligomers, polyethylene glycol oligomers, urethane oligomers, polyester oligomers, polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and polyethylene glycol diacrylate. Furthermore, the electrolyte layer 700 may include a photocuring initiator and / or a thermal curing initiator.

[0705] The thickness of the electrolyte layer 700 may be about 10 μm to about 200 μm. The thickness of the electrolyte layer 700 may be about 50 μm to about 150 μm.

[0706] The electrolyte layer 700 may have a transmittance in the range of 60% to 95%. Specifically, the transmittance of the electrolyte layer 700 in the wavelength range of 380nm to 780nm, more specifically, in the visible light of 400nm or 550nm, may be in the range of 60% to 95%. The transmittance may be measured using a known haze meter.

[0707] The electrochromic device according to the embodiment includes a first open area OA1. The first open area OA1 can be formed by removing a portion of the second substrate 200, the second transparent electrode 400, the second color-changing layer 600, the electrolyte layer 700, and the first color-changing layer 500. The first open area OA1 can be formed by removing a portion of the second substrate 200, the second transparent electrode 400, the second color-changing layer 600, the electrolyte layer 700, and the first color-changing layer 500 to expose a portion of the upper surface of the first transparent electrode 300.

[0708] Also, the first open area OA1 may be provided at the outer periphery of the first substrate 100 and the first transparent electrode 300. The first open area OA1 may have a shape extending in one direction along the edge portions of the first substrate 100 and the first transparent electrode.

[0709] The first open area OA1 may be disposed between the first side surface 101 of the first substrate 100 and the third side surface 201 of the second substrate 200. The first side surface 101 and the third side surface 201 may be disposed on different planes from each other. Furthermore, the first side surface 101 and the third side surface 201 may extend in directions parallel to each other.

[0710] The third side surface 201 may be disposed closer to a central portion of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment than the first side surface 101 .

[0711] The width of the first open area OA1 may be about 1 mm to about 20 mm. The width of the first open area OA1 may be about 2 mm to about 10 mm.

[0712] The electrochromic device according to the embodiment includes a second open area OA2. The second open area OA2 can be formed by removing part of the first substrate 100, part of the first transparent electrode 300, part of the first color-changing layer 500, part of the electrolyte layer 700, and part of the second color-changing layer 600. The second open area OA2 can be formed by removing part of the first substrate 100, part of the first transparent electrode 300, part of the first color-changing layer 500, part of the electrolyte layer 700, and part of the second color-changing layer 600 to expose a portion of the lower surface of the second transparent electrode 400.

[0713] Also, the second open area OA2 may be provided at edge portions of the second substrate 200 and the second transparent electrode 400. The second open area OA2 may have a shape extending in one direction along edge portions of the second substrate 200 and the second transparent electrode 400.

[0714] The first open area OA1 and the second open area OA2 may extend from the first corner area E1 in different directions. That is, the first open area OA1 and the second open area OA2 may be connected to each other in the first corner area E1.

[0715] The second open area OA2 may be disposed between the second side surface 102 of the first substrate 100 and the fourth side surface 202 of the second substrate 200. The second side surface 102 and the fourth side surface 202 may be disposed on different planes from each other. Furthermore, the second side surface 102 and the fourth side surface 202 may be connected to each other in the first corner area E1.

[0716] The width of the second open area OA2 may be about 1 mm to about 20 mm. The width of the second open area OA2 may be about 2 mm to about 10 mm.

[0717] The first bus bar 1010 is disposed on the first transparent electrode 300. The first bus bar 1010 may be disposed in the first open area OA1. The first bus bar 1010 is connected to the first transparent electrode 300. The first bus bar 1010 may be disposed on the upper surface of the first transparent electrode 300 opened by the first open area OA1.

[0718] The first bus bar 1010 may be electrically connected to the first transparent electrode 300. The first bus bar 1010 may be in direct contact with the upper surface of the first transparent electrode 300. The first bus bar 1010 may be connected to the first transparent electrode 300 by welding.

[0719] The first bus bar 1010 may extend along a direction in which the first open area OA1 extends. That is, the first bus bar 1010 may have a shape extending along an edge area of ​​the first transparent electrode 300 .

[0720] The first bus bar 1010 extends from the first corner area E1 . The first bus bar 1010 may extend from the first corner area E1 along a periphery of the first transparent electrode 300 .

[0721] The first sealing portion 800 may cover the first bus bar 1010. The first sealing portion may cover the upper surface and the side surface of the first bus bar 1010. The first sealing portion 800 may protect the first bus bar 1010.

[0722] Since the first sealing portion 800 effectively protects the first bus bar 1010 , it is possible to prevent the first bus bar 1010 from being damaged due to external impact or being disconnected from the first transparent electrode 300 .

[0723] The second bus bar 1020 is disposed below the second transparent electrode 400. The second bus bar 1020 may be disposed in the second open area OA2. The second bus bar 1020 is connected to the second transparent electrode 400. The second bus bar 1020 may be disposed on the lower surface of the second transparent electrode 400 opened by the second open area OA2.

[0724] The second bus bar 1020 may be electrically connected to the second transparent electrode 400. The second bus bar 1020 may be in direct contact with the lower surface of the second transparent electrode 400. The second bus bar 1020 may be connected to the second transparent electrode 400 by welding.

[0725] The second bus bar 1020 may extend along a direction in which the second open area OA2 extends. That is, the second bus bar 1020 may have a shape extending along a peripheral area of ​​the second transparent electrode 400 .

[0726] The second bus bar 1020 extends from the first corner area E1 . The second bus bar 1020 may extend from the first corner area E1 along a periphery of the second transparent electrode 400 .

[0727] The second sealing portion 900 may cover the second bus bar 1020. The second sealing portion 900 may cover the lower surface and the side surface of the second bus bar 1020. The second sealing portion 900 may protect the second bus bar 1020.

[0728] Since the second sealing portion 900 effectively protects the second bus bar 1020 , it is possible to prevent the second bus bar 1020 from being damaged by external impact or being disconnected from the second transparent electrode 400 .

[0729] The third bus bar 1030 is disposed on the first transparent electrode 300. The third bus bar 1030 may be disposed in the third open area OA3. The third bus bar 1030 is connected to the first transparent electrode 300. The third bus bar 1030 may be disposed on the upper surface of the first transparent electrode 300 opened by the third open area OA3.

[0730] The third bus bar 1030 may be electrically connected to the first transparent electrode 300. The third bus bar 1030 may be in direct contact with the upper surface of the first transparent electrode 300. The third bus bar 1030 may be connected to the first transparent electrode 300 by welding.

[0731] The third bus bar 1030 may extend along a direction in which the third open area OA3 extends. That is, the third bus bar 1030 may have a shape extending along an edge area of ​​the first transparent electrode 300 .

[0732] The third bus bar 1030 extends from the second corner area E2 . The third bus bar 1030 may extend from the second corner area E2 along another periphery of the first transparent electrode 300 .

[0733] The first sealing portion 800 may cover the third bus bar 1030. The first sealing portion may cover the upper surface and the side surface of the third bus bar 1030. The first sealing portion 800 may protect the third bus bar 1030.

[0734] Since the first sealing portion 800 effectively protects the third bus bar 1030 , it is possible to prevent the first bus bar 1010 from being damaged due to external impact or being disconnected from the first transparent electrode 300 .

[0735] The fourth bus bar 1040 is disposed below the second transparent electrode 400. The fourth bus bar 1040 may be disposed in the fourth open area OA4. The fourth bus bar 1040 is connected to the second transparent electrode 400. The fourth bus bar 1040 may be disposed on the lower surface of the second transparent electrode 400 opened by the fourth open area OA4.

[0736] The fourth bus bar 1040 may be electrically connected to the second transparent electrode 400. The fourth bus bar 1040 may be in direct contact with the lower surface of the second transparent electrode 400. The fourth bus bar 1040 may be connected to the second transparent electrode 400 by welding.

[0737] The fourth bus bar 1040 may extend along a direction in which the fourth open area OA4 extends. That is, the fourth bus bar 1040 may have a shape extending along a peripheral area of ​​the second transparent electrode 400 .

[0738] The fourth bus bar 1040 may extend from the second corner region E2 or along another periphery of the second transparent electrode 400 .

[0739] The second sealing portion 900 may cover the fourth bus bar 1040. The second sealing portion 900 may cover the lower surface and the side surface of the fourth bus bar 1040. The second sealing portion 900 may protect the fourth bus bar 1040.

[0740] Since the second sealing portion 900 effectively protects the fourth bus bar 1040 , it is possible to prevent the fourth bus bar 1040 from being damaged by external impact or being disconnected from the second transparent electrode 400 .

[0741] The first busbar 1010, the second busbar 1020, the third busbar 1030, and / or the fourth busbar 1040 may contain metal. The first busbar 1010, the second busbar 1020, the third busbar 1030, and / or the second busbar 1020 may contain metal ribbon. The first busbar 1010, the second busbar 1020, the third busbar 1030, and / or the fourth busbar 1040 may contain conductive paste. The first busbar 1010, the second busbar 1020, the third busbar 1030, and / or the fourth busbar 1040 may contain an adhesive and a conductive filler.

[0742] The first sealing portion 800 is disposed in the first open area OA1 and the third open area OA3. The first sealing portion 800 is disposed on the exposed upper surface of the first transparent electrode 300. The first sealing portion 800 covers the exposed upper surface of the first transparent electrode 300. The first sealing portion 800 may be directly disposed on the exposed upper surface of the first transparent electrode 300. The first sealing portion 800 may be in close contact with the exposed upper surface of the first transparent electrode 300. The first sealing portion 800 may be bonded to the exposed upper surface of the first transparent electrode 300.

[0743] The first sealing portion 800 may cover a portion of the upper surface of the second substrate 200. The first sealing portion 800 may be disposed on a portion of the upper surface of the second substrate 200. The first sealing portion 800 may be in close contact with a portion of the upper surface of the second substrate 200. The first sealing portion 800 may be bonded to a portion of the upper surface of the second substrate 200.

[0744] The electrochromic device according to this embodiment can effectively protect the electrolyte layer 700 , the first color-changing layer 500 , the second color-changing layer 600 , and the second transparent electrode 400 .

[0745] The second sealing portion 900 is disposed in the second open area OA2 and the fourth open area OA4. The second sealing portion 900 is disposed on the exposed lower surface of the second transparent electrode 400. The second sealing portion 900 covers the exposed lower surface of the second transparent electrode 400. The second sealing portion 900 may be directly disposed on the exposed lower surface of the second transparent electrode 400. The second sealing portion 900 may be in close contact with the exposed lower surface of the second transparent electrode 400. The second sealing portion 900 may be bonded to the exposed lower surface of the second transparent electrode 400.

[0746] The second sealing portion 900 may cover a portion of the lower surface of the first substrate 100. The second sealing portion 900 may be disposed at a portion of the lower surface of the first substrate 100. The second sealing portion 900 may be in close contact with a portion of the lower surface of the first substrate 100. The second sealing portion 900 may be bonded to a portion of the lower surface of the first substrate 100.

[0747] The electrochromic device according to the embodiment can effectively protect the electrolyte layer 700 , the first color-changing layer 500 , the second color-changing layer 600 , and the second transparent electrode 400 .

[0748] The first sealing part 800 and / or the second sealing part 900 include a curable resin. The second sealing part 900 may include a thermosetting resin and / or a photocurable resin.

[0749] Examples of the thermosetting resin may include epoxy resins, melamine resins, urea resins, or unsaturated polyester resins, etc. Also, examples of the epoxy resin may include phenol novolac epoxy resins, cresol novolac epoxy resins, biphenyl novolac epoxy resins, trisphenol novolac epoxy resins, dicyclopentadiene novolac epoxy resins, bisphenol A epoxy resins, bisphenol F epoxy resins, 2,2'-diallyl bisphenol A epoxy resins, bisphenol S epoxy resins, hydrogenated bisphenol A epoxy resins, propylene oxide addition bisphenol A epoxy resins, biphenyl epoxy resins, naphthalene epoxy resins, resorcinol epoxy resins, or glycidylamines, etc.

[0750] In addition, the first sealing part 800 and / or the second sealing part 900 may further include a thermal curing agent, which may include 1,3-bis[hydrazinocarbonylethyl-5-isopropylhydantoin], adipic acid dihydrazide and other hydrazide compounds; dicyandiamide, guanidine derivatives, 1-cyanoethyl-2-phenylimidazole, N-[2-(2-methyl-1-imidazolyl)ethyl]urea, 2,4-diamino-6-[2'-methylimidazole (1')]-ethyl-s-thiazine, N,N'-bis(2-methyl-1-imidazoethyl)urea, N,N'-(2-methyl-1-imidazoethyl)-azamide, 2-phenyl-4-methyl-5-hydroxymethylimidazole, 2-imidazoline-2-thiol, 2,2'-thiodiethanethiol, various amines and epoxy resins, and other additional products.

[0751] The first sealing part 800 and / or the second sealing part 900 may include a photocurable resin. Examples of the photocurable resin may include acrylic resins such as urethane acrylate, etc. In addition, the first sealing part 800 and / or the second sealing part 900 may also include a photocurable initiator. The photocurable initiator may be at least one selected from the group consisting of acetophenone compounds, benzophenone compounds, thioxanthone compounds, benzoin compounds, triazine compounds, and oxime compounds.

[0752] Furthermore, the first sealing part 800 and / or the second sealing part 900 may further include a moisture absorbent such as zeolite and / or silica.

[0753] Furthermore, the first sealing part 800 and / or the second sealing part 900 may further include an inorganic filler. The inorganic filler may be a material having high insulation, transparency and durability. Examples of the inorganic filler may include silicon, aluminum, zirconium oxide or a mixture thereof.

[0754] The electrochromic device according to the embodiment may be prepared by the following method. Figures 17 to 24 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a process of preparing an electrochromic device according to an embodiment.

[0755] refer to Fig.17 , forming a first transparent electrode 300 on the first substrate 100. The first transparent electrode 300 may be formed by a vacuum deposition process. The first transparent electrode 300 may be formed by depositing a metal oxide such as indium tin oxide on the first substrate 100 by a sputtering process or the like.

[0756] The first transparent electrode 300 may be formed by a coating process, may be formed by coating metal nanowires and an adhesive on the first substrate 100 , or may be formed by coating a conductive polymer on the first substrate 100 .

[0757] Furthermore, the first transparent electrode 300 may be formed by a patterning process. A metal layer may be formed on the first substrate 100 by a sputtering process or the like, and the metal layer may be patterned, so that the first transparent electrode 300 including a metal mesh may be formed on the first substrate 100 .

[0758] Then, a first insulating pattern 310 and a third insulating pattern 320 are formed on the first transparent electrode 300. The first insulating pattern 310 and the third insulating pattern 320 may be formed by removing a portion of the first transparent electrode 300.

[0759] The first insulating pattern 310 and the third insulating pattern 320 may expose the upper surface of the first substrate 100. In the first insulating pattern 310 and the third insulating pattern 320, the second transparent electrode 400 is completely removed, so the first insulating pattern 310 and the third insulating pattern 320 can play an insulating function.

[0760] refer to Fig.18 , forming a first color-changing layer 500 on the first transparent electrode 300. The first color-changing layer 500 may be formed by a sol-gel coating process. A first sol solution including a first electrochromic substance, a binder, and a solvent may be coated on the first transparent electrode 300. A sol-gel reaction may occur in the coated first sol solution, and the first color-changing layer 500 may be formed.

[0761] The first sol solution may include about 5 wt % to about 30 wt % of the first color-changing substance in particle form. The first sol solution may include about 5 wt % to about 30 wt % of the binder. The first sol solution may include about 60 wt % to about 90 wt % of the solvent.

[0762] The first sol solution may further include a dispersant.

[0763] The solvent may be at least one selected from the group consisting of alcohols, ethers, ketones, esters and aromatic hydrocarbons. The solvent may be at least one selected from the group consisting of ethanol, propanol, butanol, hexanol, cyclohexanol, diacetone alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, glycerol, diethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, acetylacetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, acetoacetate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate and isobutyl acetate.

[0764] As described above, the binder may be an inorganic binder.

[0765] refer to Fig.19 , an electrolyte composition for forming an electrolyte layer 700 is formed on the first color-changing layer 500 .

[0766] The electrolyte composition may include a metal salt, an electrolyte, a photocurable resin, and a photocurable initiator. The photocurable resin may be at least one selected from the group consisting of hexanediol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, glycerol propoxylated triacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, and dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate.

[0767] The metal salt, the electrolyte, and the photocuring initiator may be as described above.

[0768] refer to Fig. 20 , a second transparent electrode 400 is formed on the second substrate 200 .

[0769] The second transparent electrode 400 may be formed by a vacuum deposition process or by depositing a metal oxide such as indium tin oxide on the second substrate 200 by a sputtering process.

[0770] The second transparent electrode 400 may be formed by a coating process, may be formed by coating metal nanowires and an adhesive together on the second substrate 200, or may be formed by coating a conductive polymer on the second substrate 200.

[0771] Furthermore, the second transparent electrode 400 may be formed by a patterning process. A metal layer may be formed on the second substrate 200 by a sputtering process or the like, and the metal layer may be patterned, so that the second transparent electrode 400 including a metal mesh may be formed on the second substrate 200 .

[0772] Then, a second insulating pattern 410 and a fourth insulating pattern 420 are formed on the second transparent electrode 400. The second insulating pattern 410 and the fourth insulating pattern 420 may be formed by removing a portion of the second transparent electrode 400.

[0773] The second insulating pattern 410 and the fourth insulating pattern 420 may expose the lower surface of the second substrate 200. In the second insulating pattern 410 and the fourth insulating pattern 420, the second transparent electrode 400 is completely removed, so the second insulating pattern 410 and the fourth insulating pattern 420 may play an insulating function.

[0774] refer to Fig.21 , forming a second color-changing layer 600 on the second transparent electrode 400. The second color-changing layer 600 may be formed by a sol-gel coating process. A second sol solution including a second electrochromic substance, a binder, and a solvent may be coated on the second transparent electrode 400. A sol-gel reaction may occur in the coated second sol solution, and the second color-changing layer 600 may be formed.

[0775] The second sol solution may include about 5 wt % to about 30 wt % of the second color-changing substance in particle form. The second sol solution may include about 5 wt % to about 30 wt % of the binder. The second sol solution may include about 60 wt % to about 90 wt % of the solvent.

[0776] The second sol solution may further include a dispersant.

[0777] refer to Fig. 22 The second substrate 200, the second transparent electrode 400 and the second color-changing layer 600 are stacked on the coated electrolyte composition. In this case, the second color-changing layer 600 is in direct contact with the coated electrolyte composition.

[0778] Then, the applied electrolyte composition is cured by light, and a first laminate including the first substrate 100, the first transparent electrode 300, and the first color-changing layer 500 and a second laminate including the second substrate 200, the second transparent electrode 400, and the second color-changing layer 600 are laminated to each other. That is, the first laminate and the second laminate may be bonded to each other through the electrolyte layer 700.

[0779] refer to Fig.23 The first open area OA1 and the third open area OA3 are formed by removing part of the first color-changing layer 500, the electrolyte layer 700, the second color-changing layer 600, the second transparent electrode 400 and the second substrate 200. The first open area OA1 and the third open area OA3 expose a part of the upper surface of the first transparent electrode 300.

[0780] Furthermore, a second open area OA2 and a fourth open area OA4 are formed by removing a portion of the first substrate 100, the first transparent electrode 300, the first color-changing layer 500, the electrolyte layer 700, and the second color-changing layer 600. The second open area OA2 and the fourth open area OA4 expose a portion of the lower surface of the second transparent electrode 400.

[0781] refer to Fig.24 A first bus bar 1010 is formed in the first open area OA1, and a third bus bar 1030 is formed in the third open area OA3. The first bus bar 1010 and the third bus bar 1030 may be electrically connected to the upper surface of the first transparent electrode 300.

[0782] The first curable resin composition 801 is disposed in the first open area OA1 and the third open area OA3. The first curable resin composition 801 may be disposed continuously from the upper surface of the first transparent electrode 300 to a portion of the upper surface of the second substrate 200. That is, the first curable resin composition 801 may cover one side of the first color-changing layer 500, one side of the electrolyte layer 700, one side of the second color-changing layer 600, one side of the second transparent electrode 400, and one side of the second substrate 200.

[0783] Furthermore, a second bus bar 1020 is formed in the second open area OA2 , and a fourth bus bar 1040 is formed in the fourth open area OA4 . The second bus bar 1020 and the fourth bus bar 1040 may be electrically connected to the bottom surface of the second transparent electrode 400 .

[0784] The second open area OA2 and the fourth open area OA4 are provided with a second curable resin composition 901. The second curable resin composition 901 may be provided continuously from the lower surface of the second transparent electrode 400 to a portion of the lower surface of the first substrate 100. That is, the second curable resin composition 901 may cover the other side of the first substrate 100, the other side of the first color-changing layer 500, the other side of the electrolyte layer 700, and the other side of the second color-changing layer 600.

[0785] Then, the first curable resin composition 801 is cured to form the first sealing portion 800. The second curable resin composition 901 is cured to form the second sealing portion 900.

[0786] The first curable resin composition 801 and the second curable resin composition 901 may be cured simultaneously or sequentially. That is, the first sealing portion 800 and the second sealing portion 900 may be formed simultaneously by applying the first curable resin composition 801 and the second curable resin composition 901 simultaneously and planarizing them. Different from this, the first sealing portion 800 may be formed by applying and curing the first curable resin composition 801, and the second sealing portion 900 may be formed by applying and curing the second curable resin composition.

[0787] Thus, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can be prepared.

[0788] Fig.25 FIG. 1 is a top view showing a first transparent electrode 300 according to yet another embodiment. Fig.26 FIG. 4 is a top view showing a second transparent electrode 400 according to yet another embodiment.

[0789] refer to Fig.25 The first insulating pattern may include a plurality of fifth insulating patterns 330 extending along the first direction. The fifth insulating patterns 330 may extend from the first corner area E1 along the first direction. The fifth insulating patterns 330 may be spaced apart from each other and may extend parallel to each other.

[0790] The third insulation pattern 320 may include a plurality of seventh insulation patterns 340 extending along the second direction. The seventh insulation patterns 340 may extend from the second corner area E2 along the second direction. The seventh insulation patterns 340 may be spaced apart from each other and may extend parallel to each other.

[0791] refer to Fig.26The second insulating pattern 410 may include a plurality of sixth insulating patterns 430 extending along the second direction. The sixth insulating patterns 430 may extend from the first corner area E1 along the second direction. The sixth insulating patterns 430 may be spaced apart from each other and may extend parallel to each other.

[0792] The fourth insulation pattern 420 may include a plurality of eighth insulation patterns 440 extending along the first direction. The eighth insulation patterns 440 may extend from the second corner area E2 along the first direction. The eighth insulation patterns 440 may be spaced apart from each other and may extend parallel to each other.

[0793] The fifth insulating pattern 330 may intersect with the sixth insulating pattern 430. Also, the seventh insulating pattern 340 may intersect with the eighth insulating pattern 440. Therefore, the first insulating pattern, the second insulating pattern, the third insulating pattern, and the fourth insulating pattern may uniformly increase electrical paths in the first corner region E1 and the second corner region E2 as a whole.

[0794] Therefore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may have an overall uniform color change speed.

[0795] The electrochromic device according to the embodiment includes a first bus bar 1010 and a second bus bar 1020 extending from the first corner region E1 in different directions, and further includes a third bus bar 1030 and a fourth bus bar 1040 extending from the second corner region E2 in different directions.

[0796] Therefore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may provide a driving signal to the first transparent electrode 300 through the first bus bar 1010 and the third bus bar 1030 , and may provide a driving signal to the second transparent electrode 400 through the second bus bar 1020 and the fourth bus bar 1040 .

[0797] Therefore, since the electrochromic device according to the embodiment is supplied with driving signals from four sides, it can have a fast color change speed over the entire surface. In particular, the color change device according to the embodiment can have overall uniform color change and a fast color change speed.

[0798] Furthermore, in the first corner area E1 , the first busbar 1010 and the second busbar 1020 may be adjacent to each other. The first insulation pattern 310 and the second insulation pattern 410 may increase the length of the electrical path of the first busbar 1010 and the second busbar 1020 .

[0799] Therefore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can suppress the degradation of the regions adjacent to the first corner region E1 and the second corner region E2. Therefore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can have improved durability.

[0800] Furthermore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can suppress the color change speed from becoming faster in the region where the first bus bar 1010 and the second bus bar 1020 are adjacent to each other. Therefore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment can have a uniform color change speed as a whole.

[0801] Furthermore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may include a first sealing portion 800 covering the first bus bar 1010 and a second sealing portion 900 covering the second bus bar 1020. Therefore, the electrochromic device according to the embodiment may effectively protect the internal color-changing layers 500, 600 and the electrolyte layer 700.

[0802] Fig. 27 2 is a diagram showing a window device 1 according to an embodiment.

[0803] refer to Fig. 27 The window device 1 of the embodiment includes the electrochromic device 10 , a frame 20 , windows 31 , 32 , 33 , a plug-in assembly 40 and a power supply unit 50 .

[0804] The frame 20 may be composed of more than one component. For example, the frame 20 may be composed of more than one material, such as vinyl, PVC, aluminum (Al), steel, or fiberglass. The frame 20 fixes the windows 31, 32, 33 and seals the space between the windows 31, 32, 33. And,

[0805] The frame 20 may hold or contain foam or other material components. The frame 20 may include gaskets, which may be disposed between adjacent windows 31, 32, 33. And, the gaskets may hermetically seal the spaces between the windows 31, 32, 33 together with adhesive sealants.

[0806] The windows 31, 32, 33 are fixed to the frame 20. The windows 31, 32, 33 may be glass panes. The windows 31, 32, 33 may be conventional silicon oxide (SOx) based glass substrates such as soda lime glass or float glass, which are composed of about 75% silicon dioxide (SiO2) plus Na2O, CaO and several trace additives. However, any material with appropriate optical, electrical, thermal and mechanical properties may be used. The windows 31, 32, 33 may also include, for example, other glass materials, plastics and thermoplastic resins (e.g., poly(methyl methacrylate), polystyrene, polycarbonate, allyl diglycol carbonate, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN), poly(4-methyl-1-pentene), polyester, polyamide) or mirror materials. The windows 31, 32, 33 may include tempered glass.

[0807] The windows 31, 32, 33 may include a first window 31, a second window 32, and a third window 33. The first window 31 and the third window 33 may be disposed at the outermost sides, and the second window 32 may be disposed between the first window 31 and the third window 33.

[0808] The electrochromic device 10 is disposed between the first window 31 and the second window 32. The electrochromic device 10 may be laminated to the first window 31 and the second window 32.

[0809] The electrochromic device 10 may be laminated to the first window 31 through a first polyvinyl butyral sheet. That is, the first polyvinyl butyral sheet may be disposed on the first window 31 and the electrochromic device 10, and may be laminated to the first window 31 and the electrochromic device 10.

[0810] The electrochromic device 10 may be laminated to the second window 32 via a second polyvinyl butyral sheet. That is, the second polyvinyl butyral sheet may be disposed on the second window 32 and the electrochromic device 10, and may be laminated to the second window 32 and the electrochromic device 10.

[0811] A space 60 may be formed between the second window 32 and the third window 33. The space may be filled with one or more gases such as argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), or xenon (Xn).

[0812] The windows 31, 32, 33 can be the size of glass panels for residential or commercial window applications. The size of the glass panels can vary widely depending on the specific requirements of the residential or commercial company. In some embodiments, the windows 31, 32, 33 can be formed from architectural glass. Architectural glass is commonly used in commercial buildings, but can be used in residential buildings, usually, although not necessarily, to separate indoor environments from outdoor environments. In certain embodiments, a suitable architectural glass substrate can be at least about 20 inches by about 20 inches, and can also be larger, for example, can be about 80 inches by about 120 inches or larger. Architectural glass typically has a thickness of at least about 2 millimeters (mm), and can also be as thick as 6 mm or more.

[0813] In some embodiments, the windows 31, 32, 33 may have a thickness ranging from about 1 mm to about 10 mm.

[0814] In some embodiments, the windows 31, 32, 33 may be very thin and flexible, such as Gorilla Glass. ) or Willow™ Glass, each available from Corning Inc. in Corning, New York, can have a thickness of less than 0.3 mm or less than about 1 mm.

[0815] The plug-in assembly 40 may include a first electrical input portion 41 , a second electrical input portion 42 , a third electrical input portion 43 , a fourth electrical input portion 44 , and a fifth electrical input portion 45 .

[0816] In addition, the power supply unit 50 includes a first power terminal 51 and a second power terminal 52 .

[0817] The first electrical input portion 41 is electrically coupled to the first power terminal 51 via one or more electrical wires or other electrical connections, components or devices.

[0818] The first electrical input portion 41 may include a pin, a socket or other electrical connector or conductor. Furthermore, the first electrical input portion 41 may be electrically connected to the electrochromic device 10 through the first bus bar 1010 and the third bus bar 1030. The first bus bar 1010 and the third bus bar 1030 may be electrically connected to the first transparent electrode 300.

[0819] The second electrical input 42 is electrically coupled to the second power terminal 52 via one or more wires or other electrical connections, components or devices.

[0820] The second electrical input portion 42 may include a pin, a socket or other electrical connector or conductor. In addition, the second electrical input portion 42 may be electrically connected to the electrochromic device 10 through the second bus bar 1020 and the fourth bus bar 1040. The second bus bar 1020 and the fourth bus bar 1040 may be electrically connected to the second transparent electrode 400.

[0821] The third electrical input 43 may be coupled to equipment, system or building ground.

[0822] The fourth electrical input 44 and the fifth electrical input 45 can be used alone, for example, to control the communication between a controller or a microcontroller of the window device 1 and a network controller.

[0823] The power supply unit 50 supplies power to the electrochromic device 10 through the plug-in assembly 40. In addition, the power supply unit 50 may be controlled by the external controller and supply power of a predetermined waveform to the electrochromic device 10.

[0824] Furthermore, the features, structures, effects, etc. described in the above embodiments are included in at least one embodiment of the present invention, and are not necessarily limited to one embodiment. In addition, the features, structures, effects, etc. exemplified in each embodiment can be implemented by a person skilled in the art of the embodiment in combination or modification with other embodiments. Therefore, the contents involved in these combinations and modifications should be interpreted as being included in the scope of the present invention.

[0825] Although the above description is centered on the embodiment, this is only an example and does not limit the present invention, and a person skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs will recognize that various modifications and applications not illustrated in the above description can be made within the scope of the basic characteristics of the present embodiment. For example, it can be implemented by modifying each component specifically shown in the embodiment. Moreover, the differences related to these modifications and applications should be interpreted as being included in the scope of the present invention specified in the appended claims.

Claims

1. An electrochromic device, wherein: include: Electrochromic department; as well as The photoelectron capping portion absorbs photoelectrons generated when external light is incident on the electrochromic portion.

2. The electrochromic device according to claim 1, wherein: The electrochromic portion comprises: a first substrate; A first transparent electrode is disposed on the first substrate; A first reduction color-changing layer is disposed on the first transparent electrode; An electrolyte layer is disposed on the first reduction color-changing layer; A first oxidative color-changing layer, disposed on the first electrolyte layer; A second transparent electrode is disposed on the first oxidized color-changing layer; and a second substrate, disposed on the second transparent electrode, The photoelectrons are generated in the first oxidic color layer.

3. The electrochromic device according to claim 2, wherein: The photoelectron capping portion is electrically connected to the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode.

4. The electrochromic device according to claim 3, wherein: The optoelectronic capping portion comprises: a third transparent electrode, electrically connected to the first transparent electrode; A second oxidized color-changing layer is disposed on the third transparent electrode; A second electrolyte layer is disposed on the second oxidative color-changing layer; A second reduction color-changing layer, disposed on the second electrolyte layer; and The fourth transparent electrode is disposed on the second reduction color-changing layer and is electrically connected to the second transparent electrode.

5. The electrochromic device according to claim 4, wherein: The first transparent electrode and the third transparent electrode are formed as one body. The second transparent electrode and the fourth transparent electrode are formed as one body.

6. The electrochromic device according to claim 1, wherein: The optoelectronic capping portion includes a first optoelectronic capping portion and a second optoelectronic capping portion extending parallel to each other. The electrochromic portion is disposed between the first optoelectronic capping portion and the second optoelectronic capping portion.

7. The electrochromic device according to claim 2, wherein: The optoelectronic capping portion is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.

8. The electrochromic device according to claim 4, wherein: The first reduction color-changing layer comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of tungsten oxide, niobium pentoxide, vanadium pentoxide, titanium oxide, molybdenum oxide, viologen and poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), The second reduction color-changing layer comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of tungsten oxide, niobium pentoxide, vanadium pentoxide, titanium oxide, molybdenum oxide, viologen and poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), The first oxidized color-changing layer comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of Prussian blue, lithium nickel oxide, and iridium oxide. The second oxidized color-changing layer includes at least one selected from the group consisting of Prussian blue, lithium nickel oxide, and iridium oxide.

9. The electrochromic device according to claim 4, wherein: The first reduction color-changing layer receives cations contained in the first electrolyte layer by a driving voltage applied to the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode. When the external light is incident on the electrochromic section, the second reduction-chromic layer accommodates cations included in the second electrolyte layer.

10. The electrochromic device according to claim 4, wherein: The first oxidative color-changing layer releases cations to the first electrolyte layer by a driving voltage applied to the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode. When the external light is incident on the electrochromic portion, the second oxidative chromic layer releases cations to the second electrolyte layer.

11. An electrochromic device, wherein: include: a first substrate; A first transparent electrode is disposed on the first substrate; a third transparent electrode, disposed on the first substrate and formed as a whole with the first transparent electrode; A first reduction color-changing layer is disposed on the first transparent electrode; A second oxidized color-changing layer is disposed on the third transparent electrode; An electrolyte layer, covering the first reduction color-changing layer and the second oxidation color-changing layer; A first oxidative color-changing layer is disposed on the electrolyte layer; A second reduction color-changing layer is disposed on the electrolyte layer; A second transparent electrode is disposed on the first oxidized color-changing layer; a fourth transparent electrode, disposed on the second reduction color-changing layer and formed as one body with the second transparent electrode; as well as The second substrate is disposed on the second transparent electrode and the fourth transparent electrode.

12. A window device, in, include: frame; a window mounted on the frame; and an electrochromic device, arranged on the window, The electrochromic device comprises: an electrochromic portion; and The photoelectron capping portion absorbs photoelectrons generated when external light is incident on the electrochromic portion.

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