Front windshield, front windshield assembly, and vehicle

Abstract

This application provides a windshield, a windshield assembly, and a vehicle. The windshield includes a signal-transmitting area. The installation angle of the windshield on the vehicle is less than or equal to 60°. Any point in the signal-transmitting area has a corresponding first radius of curvature in a first direction and a corresponding second radius of curvature in a second direction. The ratio of the first radius of curvature to the second radius of curvature at any point in the signal-transmitting area is a fitted curvature coefficient. The fitted curvature coefficient of the signal-transmitting area at any point is greater than or equal to 0.35 and less than or equal to 1. The first radius of curvature and the second radius of curvature at any point in the signal-transmitting area are both greater than or equal to 3000 mm. The windshield assembly can avoid ghosting and distortion problems in the recognition image of the optical sensor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of automotive windshield technology, and more particularly to a windshield, windshield assembly, and vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, cameras are installed on the windshield assembly of automobiles. Functions such as surround view, driver assistance, and sentry mode are all implemented by analyzing the images of the outside world recognized by these cameras. Cameras are typically mounted under the windshield. During the manufacturing process of the windshield, issues such as unevenness and large deviations in shape can occur. These unevenness and deviations cause the transmitted light to be deflected, resulting in optical distortion. This, in turn, affects the camera's recognition accuracy, leading to ghosting and distortion in the recognized image. Furthermore, the smaller the installation angle of the glass, the more severe the ghosting and distortion problems become. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, or at least partially solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this disclosure provides a windshield, a windshield assembly, and a vehicle.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, a first aspect of this application provides a windshield, the windshield including a signal transmission area; the windshield is mounted on the vehicle at an angle less than or equal to 60°, any point in the signal transmission area has a corresponding first radius of curvature in a first direction and a corresponding second radius of curvature in a second direction, the first direction and the second direction being perpendicular; the ratio of the first radius of curvature to the second radius of curvature at any point in the signal transmission area is the fitted curvature coefficient of the signal transmission area at the corresponding point; wherein, the fitted curvature coefficient of the signal transmission area at any point is greater than or equal to 0.35 and less than or equal to 1, the first radius of curvature of the signal transmission area at any point is greater than or equal to 3000 mm, and the second radius of curvature of the signal transmission area at any point is greater than or equal to 3000 mm.

[0005] The windshield provided in this application, by reasonably selecting the size of the first radius of curvature and the second radius of curvature of the signal transmission area, such that the ratio of the first radius of curvature and the second radius of curvature, i.e. the fitted curvature coefficient, is greater than or equal to 0.35 and less than or equal to 1, can effectively avoid ghosting and distortion problems in the recognition image of the optical sensor.

[0006] In some embodiments, the fitting curvature coefficient of the signal transmission region at any location point is greater than or equal to 0.4 and less than or equal to 0.9.

[0007] In some embodiments, the ratio of the range to the maximum value of the first radius of curvature of the signal transmission region at all locations is less than or equal to 0.3, and the ratio of the range to the maximum value of the second radius of curvature of the signal transmission region at all locations is less than or equal to 0.3; or, the ratio of the range to the maximum value of the first radius of curvature of the signal transmission region at all locations is less than or equal to 0.25, and the ratio of the range to the maximum value of the second radius of curvature of the signal transmission region at all locations is less than or equal to 0.25.

[0008] In some embodiments, the installation angle is greater than or equal to 10° and less than or equal to 50°; or, the installation angle is greater than or equal to 10° and less than or equal to 40°; or, the installation angle is greater than or equal to 10° and less than or equal to 30°.

[0009] In some embodiments, the windshield includes an inner glass layer, an outer glass layer, and an intermediate interlayer. The inner glass layer is located on the inner side of the windshield; the intermediate interlayer is sandwiched between the outer glass layer and the inner glass layer.

[0010] In some embodiments, the thickness of the outer glass layer ranges from 2.1 mm to 3.5 mm, the thickness of the inner glass layer ranges from 0.7 mm to 2.5 mm, and the thickness of the intermediate interlayer ranges from 0.38 mm to 0.81 mm.

[0011] In some embodiments, the windshield is rectangular or quasi-rectangular, and the ratio of the width to the length of the windshield is in the range of 0.4 to 1.0; wherein, when the windshield is mounted on the vehicle, the length direction of the windshield is parallel to the horizontal direction and perpendicular to the straight direction of the vehicle and the width direction of the windshield.

[0012] In some embodiments, the signal transmission area is rectangular or quasi-rectangular, and the ratio of the width of the signal transmission area to the width of the windshield is less than or equal to 0.3.

[0013] In some embodiments, the signal transmission area is rectangular or quasi-rectangular, and the ratio of the length of the signal transmission area to the length of the windshield is less than or equal to 0.3.

[0014] In some embodiments, the fitting curvature coefficient s at each location point in the signal transmission region is calculated using the following formula:

[0015] s=1.28-0.861×W1 / L1-0.00378×θ+1.51×L2 / L1-1.48×W2 / W1

[0016] Wherein, W1 is the width of the windshield, L2 is the length of the signal transmission area, W1 is the width of the signal transmission area, and θ is the installation angle of the windshield.

[0017] In some embodiments, the optical distortion caused by the optical signal passing through the signal transmission region is less than or equal to 110 mdpt.

[0018] In some embodiments, the offset angle between the secondary image and the secondary image generated by the optical signal passing through the signal transmission region is less than or equal to 8 arcmin.

[0019] In some embodiments, the intermediate interlayer includes at least one PVB layer.

[0020] In some embodiments, the intermediate interlayer further includes a functional layer, which includes an infrared reflective layer.

[0021] A second aspect of this application also provides a windshield assembly, the windshield assembly including a windshield as described in the first aspect above and an optical sensor; the optical sensor is disposed on the inner side of the windshield, the receiving end of the optical sensor faces the windshield, and the projection on the windshield is located in the signal transmission area, the optical sensor is used to receive light signals transmitted through the signal transmission area through the receiving end, wherein the inner side of the windshield is the side facing the interior of the vehicle when the windshield is mounted on the vehicle.

[0022] A third aspect of this application also provides a vehicle comprising sheet metal and a windshield assembly as described in the second aspect above, the sheet metal being used to support the windshield assembly.

[0023] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the front windshield assembly provided in the embodiments of this application from a first-view perspective;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the front windshield assembly provided in the embodiments of this application from a second perspective;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between the secondary image deviation angle and the radius of curvature of the glass panel, provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the windshield provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0028] The annotations in the attached figures are explained as follows:

[0029] Front windshield assembly 100

[0030] Windshield 10

[0031] Optical sensor 20

[0032] Signal transmission area 11

[0033] First direction a

[0034] Second direction b

[0035] Inner glass layer 101

[0036] Intermediate layer 102

[0037] Outer glass layer 103

[0038] The following detailed description of the embodiments will be provided in conjunction with the above-described drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0040] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., used in this specification are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Additionally, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0041] It should be noted that, where there is no conflict, the features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other.

[0042] Currently, cameras are installed on the windshield assembly of automobiles. Functions such as surround view, driver assistance, and sentry mode are all achieved by analyzing the images of the outside world recognized by these cameras. Cameras are typically mounted under the windshield. During the manufacturing process of the windshield, issues such as unevenness and large deviations in shape can occur. These unevenness and deviations cause the transmitted light to deflect at an angle, resulting in optical distortion. This, in turn, affects the camera's recognition accuracy, leading to ghosting and distortion in the recognized image. Furthermore, the smaller the installation angle of the glass, the larger the deflection angle of the light, the higher the degree of optical distortion, and the more severe the ghosting and distortion problems in the image.

[0043] The main reasons for ghosting and distortion in the images recognized by the camera are as follows:

[0044] 1) Optical Distortion: Optical distortion refers to the image distortion phenomenon produced by an optical system during imaging. This distortion is usually caused by factors such as the shape of the lens or mirror in the optical system, and uneven distribution of refractive index. Specifically, when observing through glass, if defects on or in the glass cause the lattice pattern to shrink, this is a positive distortion; if it causes the pattern to expand, this is a negative distortion.

[0045] 2) Double image: A double image usually refers to the phenomenon in some optical systems where, due to the refraction or reflection properties of light, two virtual images of the same object are formed on the imaging plane.

[0046] In view of this, this application provides a windshield assembly 100. Please refer to the following: Figures 1-2 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the front windshield assembly provided in the embodiments of this application from a first-view perspective; Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of the windshield assembly provided in an embodiment of this application from a second perspective. The windshield assembly 100 is applied to a vehicle and includes a windshield glass 10 and an optical sensor 20.

[0047] The vehicle can include road vehicles, water vehicles, air vehicles, industrial equipment, agricultural equipment, or entertainment equipment. For example, the vehicle can be a vehicle, which is a vehicle in a broad sense, including transportation vehicles (such as commercial vehicles, passenger cars, flying cars, trains, etc.), industrial vehicles (such as forklifts, trailers, tractors, etc.), engineering vehicles (such as excavators, bulldozers, cranes, etc.), agricultural equipment (such as lawnmowers, harvesters, etc.), amusement equipment, toy vehicles, etc. This application embodiment does not specifically limit the type of vehicle. As another example, the vehicle can be an airplane or a ship. This application embodiment takes a vehicle as an example to describe the structure of the front windshield assembly 100 in detail.

[0048] The windshield 10 includes a signal transmission area 11. The installation angle θ of the windshield 10 on the vehicle is less than or equal to 60°. Any point in the signal transmission area 11 has a corresponding first radius of curvature Ra in a first direction a and a corresponding second radius of curvature Rb in a second direction b. The first direction a and the second direction b are perpendicular. In this embodiment, the first direction a is a vertical direction, i.e., the first direction a is parallel to a vertical plane, and the second direction b is a horizontal direction, i.e., the second direction b is parallel to a horizontal plane.

[0049] The ratio of the first radius of curvature Ra to the second radius of curvature Rb at any point in the signal transmission region 11 is the fitted curvature coefficient s of the signal transmission region 11 at the corresponding point. Specifically, the fitted curvature coefficient s of the signal transmission region 11 at any point is greater than or equal to 0.35 and less than or equal to 1; the first radius of curvature Ra of the signal transmission region 11 at any point is greater than or equal to 3000 mm; and the second radius of curvature Rb of the signal transmission region 11 at any point is greater than or equal to 3000 mm.

[0050] The optical sensor 20 is disposed on the inner side of the windshield 10, the receiving end of the optical sensor 20 faces the windshield 10, and its projection on the windshield is located within the signal transmission area 11. The optical sensor 20 is used to receive light signals transmitted through the signal transmission area 11 through the receiving end. The inner side of the windshield 10 is the side of the windshield 10 facing the interior of the vehicle when the windshield 10 is mounted on the vehicle.

[0051] It should be noted that when light signals pass through a glass surface with a radius of curvature (such as a convex lens and a concave lens), refraction phenomena such as backscattering or convergence will occur. In actual products, the surface of the signal transmission area 11 usually also has a certain radius of curvature. Therefore, when the light signal passes through the signal transmission area 11 and is incident on the optical sensor 20, refraction will also occur, resulting in problems such as light distortion and double images in the image received by the optical sensor 20.

[0052] Specifically, the main cause of optical distortion lies in the surface radius of curvature of the signal transmission region 11. Measuring the curvature value (mdpt) of the optical distortion in the signal transmission region 11 according to the measurement method in European standard ECE R43 reveals that the more severe the optical distortion, the larger the curvature value. Furthermore, the curvature value of the optical distortion in the signal transmission region 11 is related to the size of either the first radius of curvature Ra or the second radius of curvature Rb. The main cause of double images is an excessively large deviation angle between the primary and secondary images. Specifically, the formula for calculating the deviation angle of the secondary image is as follows:

[0053]

[0054] Where η is the sub-image deviation angle, t′ is the thickness of the signal transmission region 11 at the incident point of the light signal, Rc is the radius of curvature of the signal transmission region 11 at the incident point of the light signal, ψ is the incident angle between the light signal and the signal transmission region 11, n is the refractive index of the signal transmission region 11, and the refractive index of the glass is a fixed value of 1.52, while the incident angle of the light is mainly related to the installation position of the optical sensor 20.

[0055] Please refer to the following: Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between the secondary image deviation angle and the radius of curvature of the glass panel, provided in an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 3 As shown, the sub-image deviation angle η is negatively correlated with the radius of curvature of the signal transmission region 11. That is, the larger the first radius of curvature Ra and / or the second radius of curvature Rb of the signal transmission region 11, the smaller the sub-image deviation angle η. Therefore, in this application, by reasonably selecting the sizes of the first radius of curvature Ra and the second radius of curvature Rb of the signal transmission region 11, such that the ratio of the first radius of curvature Ra to the second radius of curvature Rb, i.e., the fitting curvature coefficient s, is greater than or equal to 0.35 and less than or equal to 1, the problems of optical distortion and double images generated in the image received by the optical sensor 20 can be effectively improved.

[0056] It should be noted that this embodiment uses the vehicle coordinate system as a basis to determine the installation angle θ of the windshield 10. In the vehicle coordinate system, the X-axis represents the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. The Y-axis is the lateral direction, located on the same plane as the X-axis and perpendicular to it. Finally, the Z-axis represents the vertical direction, perpendicular to the XY plane. The Y0 plane of the vehicle is the left-right central symmetry plane of the vehicle. Figure 1 As shown, the mounting angle θ of the windshield 100 on the vehicle refers to the angle between the Y0 section line of the windshield 10 and the horizontal plane of the vehicle (e.g., ...). Figure 1 The angle between the XY planes in the vehicle, wherein the Y0 section line of the windshield 10 is the line connecting the endpoints of the section of the windshield 10 cut by the Y0 plane of the vehicle.

[0057] In some embodiments, the fitting curvature coefficient s of the signal transmission region 11 at any location point is greater than or equal to 0.4 and less than or equal to 0.9.

[0058] In some embodiments, the ratio ΔRb of the range to the maximum value of the second radius of curvature of the signal transmission region 11 at all locations is less than or equal to 0.3, and the ratio ΔRa of the range to the maximum value of the first radius of curvature of the signal transmission region 11 at all locations is less than or equal to 0.3.

[0059] In the actual product, the signal transmission region 11 has different first radii of curvature Ra at different locations, and / or different second radii of curvature Rb at different locations. The range of the first radii of curvature Ra of the signal transmission region 11 at all locations is the difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​of the first radii of curvature Ra at all locations. The range of the second radii of curvature Rb of the signal transmission region 11 at all locations is the difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​of the second radii of curvature Rb of the signal transmission region 11 at all locations.

[0060] The smaller the rate of change of the first radius of curvature Ra and the second radius of curvature Rb of the signal transmission region 11 at all locations, the better the uniformity of the first radius of curvature Ra and the second radius of curvature Rb at each location. As a result, the value of optical distortion caused by the light signal passing through the signal transmission region 11 and the offset angle of the secondary image between the generated double images are smaller. Therefore, in this embodiment, setting the ratio ΔRb of the range to the maximum value of the second radius of curvature of the signal transmission region 11 at all locations to be less than or equal to 0.3, and the ratio ΔRa of the range to the maximum value of the first radius of curvature of the signal transmission region 11 at all locations to be less than or equal to 0.3, can further avoid the problems of ghosting and distortion in the recognition image of the optical sensor.

[0061] In some embodiments, the ratio ΔRa of the range to the maximum value of the first radius of curvature of the signal transmission region at all locations is less than or equal to 0.25, and the ratio ΔRb of the range to the maximum value of the second radius of curvature of the signal transmission region at all locations is less than or equal to 0.25.

[0062] Thus, the uniformity of the first radius of curvature Ra and the second radius of curvature Rb at each position point of the signal transmission region 11 is better, thereby reducing the value of optical distortion caused by the light signal passing through the signal transmission region 11 and the offset angle between the secondary images generated by the double images.

[0063] In some embodiments, the installation angle θ is greater than or equal to 10° and less than or equal to 50°; or, the installation angle θ is greater than or equal to 10° and less than or equal to 40°; or, the installation angle θ is greater than or equal to 10° and less than or equal to 30°.

[0064] Thus, by adjusting the installation angle θ, the windshield 10 provided in this application can be adapted to different vehicle models, thereby increasing its applicability.

[0065] In some embodiments, the windshield 10 is rectangular or quasi-rectangular, and the ratio of the width W1 to the length L1 of the windshield 10 ranges from 0.4 to 1.0. Wherein, when the windshield 10 is mounted on the vehicle, the length direction of the windshield 10 (e.g., Figure 1 The Y-axis direction shown is parallel to the horizontal direction and parallel to the straight-line direction of the vehicle (e.g., the direction of travel of the vehicle). Figure 1 (shown in the X-axis direction), the width direction of the windshield 10 (e.g., the X-axis direction), and the width direction of the windshield 10. Figure 2 The first direction a) shown is perpendicular to all directions shown.

[0066] It should be noted that, under normal circumstances, the length L1 of the windshield 10 is greater than its width W1. Correspondingly, the first radius of curvature Ra of the signal transmission region 11 is smaller, and the second radius of curvature Rb of the signal transmission region 11 is larger. For example, the ratio of the width W1 of the windshield 10 to the length L1 of the windshield 10 is 0.61, 0.72, 0.96, 0.98, etc.

[0067] In some embodiments, both the windshield 10 and the signal transmission area 11 are rectangular or quasi-rectangular, and the ratio of the width W2 of the signal transmission area 11 to the width W1 of the windshield 10 is less than or equal to 0.3, for example, 0.04, 0.07, 0.09, 0.1, etc.

[0068] It should be noted that the length L2 and width W2 of the signal transmission region 11 affect the incident angle of the optical signal that the optical sensor 20 can receive. Therefore, by changing the width W2 of the signal transmission region 11, the first radius of curvature Ra of the signal transmission region 11 can be made to reach the corresponding target radius of curvature.

[0069] In some embodiments, the signal transmission area 11 is rectangular or quasi-rectangular, and the ratio of the length L2 of the signal transmission area 11 to the length L1 of the windshield 10 is less than or equal to 0.3, for example, 0.12, 0.17, 0.23, etc.

[0070] It should be noted that the length L2 and width W2 of the signal transmission region 11 affect the incident angle of the optical signal that the optical sensor 20 can receive. Therefore, by changing the length L2 of the signal transmission region 11, the second radius of curvature Rb of the signal transmission region 11 can reach the corresponding target radius of curvature.

[0071] In the embodiments of this application, the fitting curvature coefficient s at any point in the signal transmission region 11 is calculated using the following formula:

[0072] s=1.28-0.861×W1 / L1-0.00378×θ+1.51×L2 / L1-1.48×W2 / W1≈Ra / Rb

[0073] Where Ra is the first radius of curvature at the location point, Rb is the second radius of curvature at the location point, L1 is the length of the windshield 10, W1 is the width of the windshield 10, L2 is the length of the signal transmission area 11, W1 is the width of the signal transmission area 11, and θ is the installation angle of the windshield 10.

[0074] In theoretical calculations, the theoretical curvature coefficient is generally obtained by the ratio of the first radius of curvature Ra to the second radius of curvature Rb. However, research has revealed a linear relationship between the length L1 of the windshield 10, the width W1 of the windshield 10, the length L2 of the signal transmission area 11, the width W1 of the signal transmission area 11, and the installation angle θ of the windshield 10 and the theoretical curvature coefficient. Therefore, by solving the linear regression equation, for example using Minitab software, the ratio W1 / L1 of the curvature coefficient to the width and length of the windshield 10, the installation angle θ of the windshield 10, and the other parameters can be obtained. The linear relationship between the parameters of the ratio L2 / L1 of the length of the signal transmission area 11 to the length of the windshield 10 and the ratio W2 / W1 of the width of the signal transmission area 11 to the width of the windshield 10 is used to obtain the above calculation formula. Since the calculated bending coefficient deviates slightly from the value calculated by the ratio of the first radius of curvature Ra and the second radius of curvature Rb, the calculated bending coefficient is called the fitted bending coefficient s. The difference between the fitted bending coefficient s and the theoretical bending coefficient calculated by the ratio of the first radius of curvature Ra and the second radius of curvature Rb is within ±1 and is within the reasonable error range.

[0075] Therefore, it can be seen from the above formula that the fitting curvature coefficient s can be controlled by directly or indirectly adjusting the various parameters, so that the theoretical curvature coefficient, which is similar to the fitting curvature coefficient s, can also be controlled within a reasonable range, thereby controlling the light distortion of the signal transmission region 11 within a suitable range.

[0076] In some embodiments, the optical distortion caused by the optical signal passing through the signal transmission region 11 is less than or equal to 110 mdpt.

[0077] In this way, it can be ensured that the image acquired by the optical sensor 20 through the signal transmission area 11 will not be distorted.

[0078] In some embodiments, the sub-image deviation angle between the double images generated by the optical signal passing through the signal transmission region 11 is less than or equal to 8 arcmin.

[0079] In this way, it can be ensured that the image acquired by the optical sensor 20 through the signal transmission area 11 will not have ghosting problems.

[0080] For example, please refer to Table 1. This application embodiment also provides eight sets of experimental data to verify the improvement effect of the windshield assembly 100 provided in this application on optical distortion and double image problems. Among them, sets 1 to 5 are experimental data of the windshield assembly 100 provided in this application, and sets 6 to 8 are control data, i.e., experimental data of the windshield assembly 100 in related technologies. Wherein, ΔRa is the ratio of the range to the maximum value of the first radius of curvature of the signal transmission region 11, i.e., ΔRa = (Max - Min) / Max, where Max is the maximum value of the first radius of curvature Ra of the signal transmission region 11, and Min is the minimum value of the radius of curvature of the signal transmission region 11.

[0081] In Table 1, the calculation results of the ratio W1 / L1 of the width of the windshield 10 to the length of the windshield 10, the ratio W2 / W1 of the width of the signal transmission area 11 to the width of the windshield 10, and the ratio ΔRa of the range and maximum value of the first radius of curvature of the signal transmission area 11 at all positions are all rounded to two decimal places, and the calculation result of s is rounded to five decimal places.

[0082] Table 1. Comparison of Experimental Results on Optical Distortion and Double Image in Recognized Images from Optical Sensors

[0083]

[0084] As can be seen from the experimental data in groups 1 to 5 of Table 1, when using the front windshield assembly 100 provided in this application, the fitting curvature coefficient s of the signal transmission area at any position point is greater than or equal to 0.4 and less than or equal to 0.9, the first radius of curvature Ra of the signal transmission area 11 at any position point is greater than or equal to 3000 mm, and the ratio ΔRa of the range to the maximum value of the first radius of curvature of the signal transmission area 11 at all positions is less than or equal to 0.3, then the optical distortion value of the recognition image of the optical sensor 20 is less than 110 mdpt, and the double image value is less than 8 arcmin.

[0085] In contrast, as can be seen from the experimental data in groups 6 to 8 of Table 1, the windshield assembly using the related technology has an unreasonable set of values ​​for the ratio of the width to the length of the windshield 10 (W1 / L1), the installation angle (θ), the ratio of the length of the signal transmission area 11 to the length of the windshield 10 (L2 / L1), and the ratio of the width of the signal transmission area 11 to the width of the windshield 10 (W2 / W1). This results in the fitting curvature coefficient s of the signal transmission area 11 in the windshield assembly 100 not being between 0.4 and 0.9.

[0086] In Comparative Example 6, the ratio of the width to the length of the windshield 10, W1 / L1, is 0.61, the installation angle θ is 19.2°, and the ratio of the width of the signal transmission area 11 to the width of the windshield 10, W2 / W1, is 0.32. The calculated fitting curvature coefficient s is less than 0.4. Due to the low fitting curvature coefficient s, the measured optical distortion value of the signal transmission area 11 is 114 mdpt, exceeding the limit of 110 mdpt. Simultaneously, in Comparative Example 6, the minimum value Min of the first radius of curvature Ra is 2777 mm, less than 3000 mm, and the ratio ΔRa of the range to the maximum value of the first radius of curvature is 33.04%, greater than 0.3. Due to the excessively large ratio ΔRa of the range to the maximum value of the first radius of curvature, the measured double image value of the signal transmission area 11 is 10.2 arcmin, exceeding the limit of 8 arcmin.

[0087] In Comparative Example 7, the ratio of the width to the length of the windshield 10, W1 / L1, is 0.39, the installation angle θ is 23.1°, and the ratio of the width of the signal transmission area 11 to the width of the windshield 10, W2 / W1, is 0.06. The calculated fitting curvature coefficient s is greater than 0.9. Due to the excessively large fitting curvature coefficient s, the measured optical distortion value of the signal transmission area 11 is 122 mdpt, exceeding the limit of 110 mdpt. Simultaneously, in Comparative Example 7, the minimum value Min of the first radius of curvature Ra is 2635 mm, which is less than 3000 mm, and the ratio ΔRa of the range to the maximum value of the first radius of curvature is 35.32%, which is greater than 0.3. Due to the excessively large ratio ΔRa of the range to the maximum value of the first radius of curvature, the measured double image value of the signal transmission area 11 is 11.1 arcmin, exceeding the limit of 8 arcmin.

[0088] In Comparative Example 8, the ratio of the width to the length of the windshield 10, W1 / L1, is 0.70, the installation angle θ is 24.7°, and the ratio of the width of the signal transmission area 11 to the width of the windshield 10, W2 / W1, is 0.10. The calculated fitting curvature coefficient s is greater than 0.9. Due to the excessively large fitting curvature coefficient s, the measured optical distortion value of the signal transmission area 11 is 130 mdpt, exceeding the limit of 110 mdpt. Simultaneously, in Comparative Example 8, the minimum value Min of the first radius of curvature Ra is 2490 mm, which is less than 3000 mm, and the ratio ΔRa of the range to the maximum value of the first radius of curvature is 56.35%, which is greater than 0.3. Due to the excessively large ratio ΔRa of the range to the maximum value of the first radius of curvature, the measured double image value of the signal transmission area 11 is 12.5 arcmin, exceeding the limit of 8 arcmin.

[0089] Therefore, in embodiments 6-8, the optical distortion value and double image value of the recognition image of the optical sensor 20 do not meet the relevant requirements. It can be seen that in order to obtain a windshield or windshield assembly that meets the corresponding numerical requirements, its fitting curvature coefficient s needs to be greater than or equal to 0.4 and less than or equal to 0.9, the first radius of curvature Ra of the signal transmission area 11 at any position point needs to be greater than or equal to 3000mm, and the ratio ΔRa of the range and maximum value of the first radius of curvature of the signal transmission area 11 at all positions needs to be less than or equal to 0.3.

[0090] Furthermore, the second radius of curvature Rb of the signal transmission region 11 at any location can be referenced to the first radius of curvature Ra, and the second radius of curvature Rb of the signal transmission region 11 at any location is greater than or equal to 3000 mm. Also, the ratio ΔRb of the range to the maximum value of the second radius of curvature of the signal transmission region 11 at all locations can be referenced to the ratio ΔRa of the range to the maximum value of the first radius of curvature, and the ratio ΔRb of the range to the maximum value of the second radius of curvature of the signal transmission region 11 at all locations is less than or equal to 0.3.

[0091] Therefore, the windshield assembly 100 provided in this application, by setting the fitting curvature coefficient s of the signal transmission area 11 at any position point to be greater than or equal to 0.4 and less than or equal to 0.9, the first radius of curvature Ra of the signal transmission area 11 at any position point to be greater than or equal to 3000mm, and the ratio ΔRa of the range to the maximum value of the first radius of curvature of the signal transmission area 11 at all positions to be less than or equal to 0.3, and the second radius of curvature Rb of the signal transmission area 11 at any position point to be greater than or equal to 3000mm, and the ratio ΔRb of the range to the maximum value of the second radius of curvature of the signal transmission area 11 at all positions to be less than or equal to 0.3, can avoid severe optical distortion and double image generation of the light signal received by the optical sensor 20 through the signal transmission area 11, and can improve the ghosting and distortion problems of the recognized image of the optical sensor 20.

[0092] Please see Figure 4 In some embodiments, the windshield 10 includes an inner glass layer 101, an intermediate interlayer 102, and an outer glass layer 103.

[0093] The inner glass layer 101 is located inside the windshield 10.

[0094] The outer glass layer 103 is located on the side of the inner glass layer 101 that is away from the optical sensor 20.

[0095] The intermediate interlayer 102 is sandwiched between the outer glass layer 103 and the inner glass layer 101.

[0096] In some embodiments, the intermediate interlayer 102 includes at least one PVB layer (Polyvinyl Butyral). For example, in one embodiment, the intermediate interlayer 102 includes one PVB layer. In other embodiments, the intermediate interlayer 102 may also include a functional layer with functions such as heat insulation or sound insulation. Taking a heat insulation functional layer as an example, the intermediate interlayer 102 includes m+1 PVB layers and m heat insulation functional layers, where m is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and a heat insulation functional layer is sandwiched between every two PVB layers. Preferably, the thickness of each PVB layer ranges from 0.38 mm to 0.81 mm, and the thickness of each heat insulation functional layer ranges from 0.025 mm to 0.055 mm. In some embodiments, the heat insulation layer can be an infrared reflective layer disposed on a substrate layer to achieve the heat insulation function. Specifically, the substrate layer can be a PET layer (Polyethylene glycol terephthalate). Alternatively, other materials can be used for the substrate layer; this application does not limit this. The infrared reflective layer can be a metal film, such as a film whose main film system component is a silver layer, or a transparent conductive oxide film, such as a film whose main film system component is ITO (Indium Tin Oxide). Using a metal film or a transparent conductive oxide film as the infrared reflective layer may affect the signal transmittance of the communication window. Therefore, in some embodiments, for this type of heat insulation layer, through-holes can be formed in the area corresponding to the communication window area on the PET layer, and the through-holes can be filled with conventional non-heat-insulating PVB film or uncoated PET film to avoid the influence of the infrared reflective layer on the signal.

[0097] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the heat-insulating functional layer can also be formed by stacking several polymer layers with varying refractive indices to create an infrared reflective layer. The polymer layers can be made of PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PETG (polyethylene terephthalate-1,4-cyclohexanedimethyl ester), or PCTG (polyethylene terephthalate-1,4-cyclohexanedimethyl ester). Specifically, the heat-insulating functional layer can be formed by stacking more than 100 polymer layers with different refractive indices. For example, at least two types of PET layers with different refractive indices can be alternately stacked to form a laminated structure with infrared reflection.

[0098] It should be noted that since laminated glass is composed of two layers of glass with a PVB film sandwiched between them, even if the glass breaks, the PVB film can hold the fragments together, preventing them from flying and injuring people. It has better safety, explosion-proof performance, and impact resistance. Furthermore, even if the glass breaks, laminated glass can maintain basic integrity and will not affect the driver's vision. Therefore, the windshield 10 is usually made of laminated glass instead of tempered glass.

[0099] In some embodiments, the thickness of the outer glass layer 103 ranges from 2.1 mm to 3.5 mm, and the thickness of the inner glass layer 101 ranges from 0.7 mm to 2.5 mm.

[0100] It should be noted that, as can be seen from the formula for calculating the secondary image deviation angle mentioned above, the secondary image deviation angle is positively correlated with the thickness of the windshield 10. Therefore, by adjusting the thickness values ​​of each layer of the windshield 10, the secondary image deviation angle can also be reduced, thereby improving the problem of light distortion and double image generated by the image received by the optical sensor 20.

[0101] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a vehicle, which includes a sheet metal (not shown in the figure) and a front windshield assembly 100 as described in any of the above embodiments, wherein the sheet metal is used to support the front windshield assembly 100.

[0102] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A windshield, characterized in that, The windshield includes a signal transmission area; the windshield is mounted on the vehicle at an angle less than or equal to 60°; any point in the signal transmission area has a corresponding first radius of curvature in a first direction and a corresponding second radius of curvature in a second direction, the first direction and the second direction being perpendicular; the ratio of the first radius of curvature to the second radius of curvature at any point in the signal transmission area is the fitted curvature coefficient of the signal transmission area at the corresponding point; wherein, the fitted curvature coefficient of the signal transmission area at any point is greater than or equal to 0.35 and less than or equal to 1, the first radius of curvature of the signal transmission area at any point is greater than or equal to 3000 mm, and the second radius of curvature of the signal transmission area at any point is greater than or equal to 3000 mm.

2. The windshield as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fitting curvature coefficient of the signal transmission region at any location point is greater than or equal to 0.4 and less than or equal to 0.

9.

3. The windshield as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The ratio of the range to the maximum value of the first radius of curvature of the signal transmission region at all locations is less than or equal to 0.3, and the ratio of the range to the maximum value of the second radius of curvature of the signal transmission region at all locations is less than or equal to 0.

3. Alternatively, the ratio of the range to the maximum value of the first radius of curvature of the signal transmission region at all locations is less than or equal to 0.25, and the ratio of the range to the maximum value of the second radius of curvature of the signal transmission region at all locations is less than or equal to 0.

25.

4. The windshield as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The installation angle is greater than or equal to 10° and less than or equal to 50°; Alternatively, the installation angle is greater than or equal to 10° and less than or equal to 40°; Alternatively, the installation angle is greater than or equal to 10° and less than or equal to 30°.

5. The windshield as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The windshield includes: The inner glass layer is located on the inside of the windshield; The outer glass layer; and An intermediate interlayer is sandwiched between the outer glass layer and the inner glass layer.

6. The windshield as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The thickness of the outer glass layer ranges from 2.1 mm to 3.5 mm, the thickness of the inner glass layer ranges from 0.7 mm to 2.5 mm, and the thickness of the intermediate interlayer ranges from 0.38 mm to 0.81 mm.

7. The windshield as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The windshield is rectangular or rectangular, and the ratio of the width to the length of the windshield is in the range of 0.4 to 1.

0. When the windshield is mounted on the vehicle, the length direction of the windshield is parallel to the horizontal direction and perpendicular to the straight direction of the vehicle and the width direction of the windshield.

8. The windshield as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The signal transmission area is rectangular or rectangular, and the ratio of the width of the signal transmission area to the width of the windshield is less than or equal to 0.

3.

9. The windshield as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The signal transmission area is rectangular or rectangular, and the ratio of the length of the signal transmission area to the length of the windshield is less than or equal to 0.

3.

10. The windshield as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The fitting curvature coefficient s at each location point in the signal transmission region is calculated using the following formula: s=1.28-0.861×W1 / L1-0.00378×θ+1.51×L2 / L1-1.48×W2 / W1 Wherein, L1 is the length of the windshield, W1 is the width of the windshield, L2 is the length of the signal transmission area, W1 is the width of the signal transmission area, and θ is the installation angle of the windshield.

11. The windshield as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The optical distortion caused by the optical signal passing through the signal transmission area is less than or equal to 110 mdpt.

12. The windshield as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The offset angle between the secondary image and the double image generated by the optical signal passing through the signal transmission area is less than or equal to 8 arcmin.

13. The windshield as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The intermediate interlayer includes at least one PVB layer.

14. The windshield as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The intermediate interlayer also includes a functional layer, which includes an infrared reflective layer.

15. A windshield assembly, characterized in that, The windshield assembly includes: The windshield as described in any one of claims 1-14; and An optical sensor is disposed on the inner side of the windshield, with the receiving end of the optical sensor facing the windshield and its projection on the windshield located within the signal transmission area. The optical sensor is used to receive light signals transmitted through the signal transmission area through the receiving end. The inner side of the windshield is the side of the windshield facing the interior of the vehicle when the windshield is mounted on the vehicle.

16. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes sheet metal and a windshield assembly as described in claim 15, the sheet metal being used to support the windshield assembly.

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