Water pollutant-promoted degradation device and method for water pollution treatment by contact electrocatalysis

Abstract

The application relates to the field of environmental protection, in particular to a contact electrocatalysis water pollutant degradation device and a water pollution treatment method. The device comprises a carrier and at least one self-power-generation degradation assembly. The self-power-generation degradation assembly comprises a first electrode, a second electrode and a friction layer. The first electrode and the second electrode are in strip shapes and have a specified thickness, and the two electrodes are alternately distributed from the center to the periphery on the upper surface of the carrier; the friction layer is prepared from a resin material with negative electricity. The application combines TENG and CEC technologies, water flowing through the surface of the device forms a solid-liquid interface type friction nanogenerator with the friction layer, and the gap between the adjacent electrodes on the surface of the carrier constitutes a micro-electrolytic cell; the electric energy output by the friction nanogenerator is used for electrocatalytic degradation of water pollutants flowing through any one micro-electrolytic cell. The application solves the problems of great treatment difficulty of algal water pollution and high treatment cost of electrocatalytic degradation of water pollution.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of environmental protection, and in particular to a contact electrocatalytic device for promoting the degradation of water pollutants, and a corresponding method for treating water pollution in natural water bodies. Background Technology

[0002] Untreated pollutants discharged from human production and daily life cause water pollution. Current solutions for water pollution control in natural water bodies include physical, chemical, and biological methods. Physical methods involve enriching and removing pollutants from water through filtration, adsorption, and sedimentation. Chemical methods use chemical agents and active enzymes to react with harmful substances in the water, converting them into harmless or biodegradable substances. Biological methods involve creating small ecosystems composed of specific animals, plants, or microorganisms in the water to absorb or degrade pollutants, thereby reducing the pollutant concentration in the water.

[0003] Pollutants in water bodies include not only various chemical substances, but also eutrophication, caused by excessively high concentrations of nutrients. This leads to the proliferation of algae and microorganisms, which also contribute to water pollution. Unlike the treatment of chemical pollutants, removing most algae from water bodies requires significant human and financial resources. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the same pollution control methods varies depending on the type of algae; therefore, using specific methods to remove certain algae can be challenging. In addition, even if algae are successfully removed from the water, seeds or spores may remain, easily allowing them to reproduce again under suitable conditions.

[0004] To address the challenges of controlling algae and some chemical pollutants, scientists have proposed an electrocatalytic degradation method. This method involves introducing a microcurrent into the water, which inactivates microorganisms and spores, promoting their natural degradation. It also activates the molecules of pollutants, lowers the energy barrier of chemical reactions, and increases the rate of chemical degradation. However, this electrocatalytic degradation method requires the construction of large-scale water treatment facilities including electrolysis cells, and consumes a large amount of electricity during the process; therefore, the cost of pollution control is too high. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the challenges of controlling algal water pollution and the high costs associated with electrocatalytic degradation of water pollution, this invention provides a contact electrocatalytic device for promoting the degradation of water pollutants, and a corresponding method for controlling water pollution in natural water bodies.

[0006] The technical solution provided by this invention includes the following:

[0007] The application discloses a water pollutant promoting degradation device for contact electrocatalysis, which comprises a carrier and at least one self-powered degradation assembly.

[0008] The water flowing through the surface of the carrier forms a solid-liquid interface type friction nanogenerator with the friction layer, and the gap between the adjacent electrodes on the surface of the carrier constitutes a micro electrolytic cell; the electric energy output by the friction nanogenerator through the first electrode and the second electrode is used for electrocatalytic degradation of water pollutants flowing through any one micro electrolytic cell.

[0009] As a further improvement of the application, the water pollutant promoting degradation device for contact electrocatalysis further comprises an electromagnetic power generation assembly. The electromagnetic power generation assembly comprises a sleeve, a permanent magnet, a ring-shaped float and a coil. The sleeve is vertically installed on the top of the carrier; the two ends of the sleeve are sealed, and the permanent magnet is fixedly installed in the inner cavity of the sleeve. The coil is located in the inner part of the ring-shaped float; the ring-shaped float is sleeved on the sleeve and can reciprocate along the extension direction of the sleeve with waves. The two ends of the coil serve as the electric energy output ports of the electromagnetic power generation assembly and are electrically connected with the first electrode and the second electrode in the self-powered degradation assembly.

[0010] As a further improvement of the application, the carrier adopts a submerged base fixed on a bank or a floating body floating on the water surface.

[0011] As a further improvement of the application, the base is in a circular truncated cone type or a prismatic type; the self-powered degradation assembly is installed on the inclined side surface of the base.

[0012] As a further improvement of the application, the top of the floating body is provided with a horizontal platform; the self-powered degradation assembly is installed on the surface of the platform.

[0013] As a further improvement of the application, the side surface of the circular truncated cone type base or the upper surface of the floating body is provided with one set of self-powered degradation assembly; the first electrode and the second electrode in the self-powered degradation assembly are in a two-parallel spiral line type distribution.

[0014] As a further improvement of the application, one set of self-powered degradation assembly is arranged on each inclined side surface of the prismatic type base. The first electrode and the second electrode in the self-powered degradation assembly adopt interdigital electrodes, the electrode spacing of the interdigital electrodes is 2-5 mm; and the electrode fingers in the interdigital electrodes are perpendicular to the natural sliding direction of the water flow on the slope.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present application, the carrier is made of insulating corrosion-resistant material.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present application, the first electrode and the second electrode are made of copper electrode, ruthenium-iridium-titanium electrode or iridium-tantalum-titanium electrode.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present application, the friction layer is made of FEP, polytetrafluoroethylene or other fluorine-based polymer.

[0018] As a further improvement of the present application, the electromagnetic generator assembly further comprises a limiting device for preventing the annular float from being separated from the sleeve.

[0019] As a further improvement of the present application, a plurality of permanent magnets are installed in the sleeve, and each permanent magnet is arranged at intervals in the extension direction of the sleeve.

[0020] The present application also includes a method for treating water pollution in natural water area, which comprises arranging the contact electrocatalysis water pollution degradation device as described above on the bank or water surface, and further treating the pollutants in the water body through the contact electrocatalysis effect of the device.

[0021] The technical solution provided by the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] The present application combines the friction nanogenerator and the electromagnetic generator, and designs a new type of water pollution degradation device based on the principle of contact electrocatalysis.

[0023] The contact electrocatalysis water pollution degradation device designed by the present application has simple structure, outstanding performance and low cost, and does not need external power supply and is easy to operate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1The structural schematic diagram of the contact electrocatalysis water pollutant degradation device provided by the embodiment 1 of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0025] Figure 2 The structural schematic diagram of the contact electrocatalysis water pollutant degradation device provided by the embodiment 1 of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0026] Figure 3 The structural schematic diagram of the contact electrocatalysis water pollutant degradation device provided by the embodiment 1 of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0027] Figure 4 The structural schematic diagram of the contact electrocatalysis water pollutant degradation device provided by the embodiment 1 of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0028] Figure 5 The structural schematic diagram of the contact electrocatalysis water pollutant degradation device provided by the embodiment 1 of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0029] Figure 6 The structural schematic diagram of the contact electrocatalysis water pollutant degradation device provided by the embodiment 1 of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0030] The structural schematic diagram of the contact electrocatalysis water pollutant degradation device provided by the embodiment 1 of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0031] 1, carrier; 2, self-powered degradation assembly; 3, electromagnetic power generation assembly; 21, first electrode; 22, second electrode; 23, friction layer; 31, sleeve; 32, annular float; 33, permanent magnet; 34, coil; 35, end cap. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0033] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present application belongs. The terminology used in the description of the present application herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include one or more of the items referenced, in addition to the singular form.

[0034] Embodiment 1

[0035] This embodiment provides a device for promoting the degradation of water pollutants through contact electrocatalysis. This device combines a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) with contact electrocatalysis (CEC) technology to obtain a self-driven water purification product capable of degrading water pollutants such as algae. The CEC technology used in this embodiment, as an emerging catalytic technology, is based on the contact electrocatalysis effect and can initiate catalytic reactions through charge transfer generated by physical contact at room temperature and pressure. This technology effectively overcomes the dependence of traditional water pollution catalytic degradation methods on high temperature and high pressure, exhibiting advantages such as low energy consumption, high efficiency, and simple operation, providing an innovative solution for algae control.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, the contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device provided in this embodiment includes a carrier 1 and at least one self-generating degradation component 2. The self-generating degradation component 2 is a component that utilizes the potential energy of water to generate electricity through triboelectric nano-generation, and uses the generated electricity to catalytically degrade pollutants in the water. The carrier 1 is used to support the self-generating degradation component 2 and effectively utilize the potential energy of the water. For different application scenarios, this embodiment provides two different types of contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation devices: one is fixed to a embankment and utilizes the scouring effect of water on the embankment to achieve its effect; the other floats on the water surface and utilizes a wave-driven device to sway and float, thereby achieving its effect.

[0037] For different application scenarios, the carrier 1 of the water pollutant degradation device in this embodiment is also divided into two types: one is a submerged base fixed on the embankment, and the other is a floating body that floats on the water surface. Among them, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the submersible base preferably adopts a frustum-shaped or truncated pyramidal structure. For example... Figure 1 The most typical truncated pyramidal base is used. This type of base, with its frustum or pyramidal structure, includes at least one sloping side, on which the self-generating degradation component 2 is installed. Once the entire device is fixedly installed on the embankment, the water flowing to the bank, after submerging the base, will slide down the slopes of each side, thus achieving better power generation and catalytic degradation effects. In practical applications, to achieve higher water energy utilization, the slope angle of this type of sloping base is typically between 30° and 80°. Correspondingly, when the carrier 1 uses a float, the top of the float should have a horizontal platform; the self-generating degradation component 2 is installed on the surface of the platform. This embodiment does not limit the shape of the float, as long as it can stably support the self-generating degradation component 2. For example, Figure 3A device for accelerating the degradation of water pollutants using an inverted conical float is presented. To improve the product's lifespan in water, the carrier 1 should be made of insulating, corrosion-resistant materials, such as various anti-aging resins. During deployment, the submersible carrier 1 can be horizontally fixed to the rock face of a embankment using anchor bolts or stakes. The floating carrier 1 is directly placed into the water. Furthermore, to prevent the device from shifting with the water flow, it can be suspended underwater from a base via cables.

[0038] like Figure 4 As shown, the self-generating degradation component 2 in the contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device provided in this embodiment includes a first electrode 21 and a second electrode 22 mounted on the upper surface of the carrier 1, and a friction layer 23 covering the surfaces of the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22. The first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 are strip-shaped and are alternately distributed from the center to the periphery on the upper surface of the carrier 1, with an electrode spacing of 2-5 mm between adjacent electrodes; the friction layer 23 is made of a negatively charged resin material. Preferably, the thickness of the first electrode and the second electrode is not less than 0.5 mm.

[0039] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, when the carrier 1 adopts a frustum-shaped base, a set of self-generating degradation components 2 is provided on each sloping side of the base. For example, a quadrangular frustum has four sides, so four sets of self-generating degradation components 2 can be installed; a hexagonal frustum has six sides, so six sets of self-generating degradation components 2 can be installed. Specifically, as... Figure 4 As shown, the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 of the self-generating degradation component 2 installed on the frustum-shaped base are interdigitated electrodes; and each electrode finger of the interdigitated electrode is perpendicular to the natural sliding direction of the water flow on the slope.

[0040] Accordingly, when the carrier 1 adopts a frustum-shaped base or a floating body with a platform on top, a self-generating degradation component 2 can be installed on the side of the frustum or on the top platform of the floating body. Unlike the frustum-shaped carrier 1, the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 in the self-generating degradation component 2 of the above two types of carrier 1 are distributed in two parallel spiral lines. Wherein, as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the spiral-shaped first electrode 21 and second electrode 22 on the top of the float are horizontally distributed, while the spiral-shaped first electrode 21 and second electrode 22 on the side of the frustum-shaped carrier 1 are three-dimensionally distributed to match the slope side. In this embodiment, the spacing between adjacent interdigitated electrodes and spiral electrodes can be 2-5 mm. For different product structures and sizes, the electrode spacing can be optimized and adjusted based on performance test results.

[0041] In practical applications, when water flows over the surface of the carrier 1 in the contact electrocatalytic degradation device for water pollutants of this embodiment, the water forms a solid-liquid interface triboelectric nanogenerator with the friction layer 23 in the self-generating degradation component 2. This generator utilizes the movement of ions in river, lake, and sea water and the mutual friction of the thin film to generate charge, thereby achieving electrification. Simultaneously, the gaps between adjacent electrodes on the surface of the carrier 1 constitute a micro-electrolysis cell. At this time, the water flow drives the triboelectric nanogenerator to generate electricity, which is output through the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22. The electrical energy output through the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 is then used for the electrocatalytic degradation of water pollutants flowing through any one of the micro-electrolysis cells.

[0042] In this embodiment, the microelectrolysis cell has a trough-like structure, and the width of the microelectrolysis cell is the electrode spacing between adjacent electrodes; while the depth of the microelectrolysis cell is the electrode thickness. During the sliding process, water will react with the FEP material attached to the copper electrode surface, and the distance between the electrodes is the key factor determining the water sliding frequency, which is directly related to the degradation efficiency. Therefore, the electrode spacing should not be too large or too small. If the spacing is too small, the reaction will not be able to proceed fully and completely; if the spacing is too large, it will affect the reaction effect of the reactants in the microelectrolysis cell. Taking all factors into consideration, an electrode spacing of 2mm to 5mm is more suitable. For the same reason, the electrode thickness should not be less than 0.5mm, and is usually set to 0.5-2mm.

[0043] In the self-generating degradation component 2 provided in this embodiment, the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 can be various metal electrodes, such as copper electrodes. Furthermore, considering that the device is mainly used in water and requires the electrochemical reaction of catalytic degradation, in actual products, the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 can also be ruthenium-iridium-titanium electrodes, iridium-tantalum-titanium electrodes, etc., specifically designed for electrolytic reactions. To form a solid-liquid interface triboelectric nanogenerator with the water, the triboelectric layer 23 in this embodiment uses a negatively charged material, including various fluoropolymer materials and PDMS, etc. Among them, fluoropolymer materials include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and perfluoroethylene propylene (FEP).

[0044] In order to further highlight the performance and advantages of the contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device provided in this embodiment, the principle of how this product can produce the catalytic degradation effect of water pollutants will be described in detail below.

[0045] The product provided in this embodiment is primarily designed based on contact electrocatalysis (CEC) technology. Contact electrocatalysis refers to the charge transfer that occurs when different materials come into contact. The technicians applied this charge transfer to the field of chemical reaction catalysis, thus giving rise to CEC technology. The core of CEC technology lies in driving chemical reactions through charge transfer between materials. During contact electrocatalysis, the contact between materials causes a redistribution of electrons, resulting in a potential difference. This potential difference can effectively activate reactant molecules, thereby lowering the energy barrier of the chemical reaction and promoting its occurrence. CEC technology can achieve highly efficient catalysis under various environmental conditions, demonstrating enormous application potential.

[0046] In the application of catalytic degradation of water pollutants, the contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device provided in this embodiment can convert the potential energy widely contained in water into electrical energy, and then use the electrical energy to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the water to promote the catalytic degradation of pollutants. Specifically, the process of generating ROS in this device can be represented by a two-step model. Specifically, the oxidation process of water and the reduction reaction of oxygen molecules involved in the two-step model are as follows:

[0047] 2H₂O + FEP → H₃O + +OH · +FEP *

[0048] O2+FEP*→ · O2 - +FEP

[0049] In the above reaction process, in the first step, electrons are transferred from water molecules to the surface of the fluoropolymer (FEP), forming water radical cations. Subsequently, these cations rapidly undergo proton transfer with another water molecule, generating hydrated hydrogen ion cations (H3O+) and hydroxyl radicals (·OH). In the second step, when dissolved oxygen in the aqueous solution comes into contact with the FEP, electrons on the FEP exchange with oxygen molecules, forming superoxide radicals (O2-). At this point, the FEP returns to its initial uncharged state, completing the entire cycle. In this embodiment, the device continuously generates superoxide radicals in the two-step model, enabling the catalytic degradation of various chemical and algal pollutants in water, achieving the effects of pollution control and water purification.

[0050] In a further optimized solution of this embodiment, such as Figure 5As shown, the contact electrocatalytic degradation device for water pollutants also includes an electromagnetic power generation assembly 3 (EMG). The EMG assembly 3 includes a sleeve 31, a permanent magnet 33, an annular float, and a coil 34. The sleeve 31 is vertically mounted on the top of the carrier 1; both ends of the sleeve 31 are sealed, and the permanent magnet 33 is fixedly mounted inside the sleeve 31. The coil 34 is located inside the annular float; the annular float is sleeved on the sleeve 31 and can reciprocate along the extension direction of the sleeve 31 with the waves.

[0051] In the electromagnetic power generation component 3 of this embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, the permanent magnet 33 installed inside the sleeve 31 causes uneven magnetic field strength distribution along the axial direction of the sleeve 31. When the carrier 1 is impacted or swayed by the water, or when the water level rises or falls, the annular float moves up and down along the axial direction of the sleeve 31. At this time, the magnetic flux of the coil 34 inside the annular float 32 changes, which in turn causes the coil 34 to cut magnetic field lines and generate electricity. In the contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device of this embodiment, the two ends of the coil 34 in the electromagnetic power generation component 3 serve as the power output ports of the electromagnetic power generation component 3 and are electrically connected to the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 in the self-generated degradation component 2.

[0052] Specifically, to improve the energy density of the electromagnetic power generation component 3, multiple permanent magnets 33 are installed inside the sleeve 31 of the electromagnetic power generation component 3 in this embodiment, with each permanent magnet 33 spaced apart along the extension direction of the sleeve 31. Furthermore, the electromagnetic power generation component 3 also includes a limiting device to prevent the annular float 32 from detaching from the top of the sleeve 31. The limiting device can be a limiting component, such as an end cap 35, installed on the top of the sleeve 31 and having a size larger than the inner diameter of the annular float 32. Alternatively, a cable can be used as the limiting device, with both ends of the cable connected to the carrier 1 and the float respectively, ensuring that the annular float 32 remains on the sleeve 31 even when the cable is stretched to its maximum length.

[0053] Because TENG and EMG can generate good power output in high-entropy and low-entropy wave environments, respectively, therefore... Figure 5 In the optimized scheme, the efficient coupling of TENG and EMG enables the contact electrocatalytic degradation device for water pollutants to generate stable power output around the clock, significantly improving the catalytic degradation efficiency of pollutants through their synergistic effect. The device design combines performance stability and long-term durability in practical applications, thus enabling effective operation in complex environments such as rivers, lakes, and oceans.

[0054] It should be noted that the electrical energy generated by the electromagnetic power generation component 3 in this embodiment can not only be directly output to the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 for catalytic degradation of pollutants, but also a storage battery can be integrated inside the carrier 1 to collect the generated electrical energy. Furthermore, the water pollutant degradation device of this embodiment can also integrate sensors or components with other functions, such as positioning modules and communication modules, with the storage battery powering the relevant modules or components.

[0055] In summary, the contact electrocatalytic degradation device for water pollutants provided in this embodiment combines TENG and CEC, enabling the catalytic degradation of pollutants using wave energy without relying on external energy output. This reduces dependence on fossil fuels or electricity in water pollution treatment. Furthermore, the device provided in this embodiment can achieve CEC-based pollutant treatment, which has a smaller impact on the aquatic environment compared to traditional physical and chemical treatment methods. It does not cause secondary pollution or harm the normal life activities of aquatic organisms, thus generating higher practical value and ecological benefits.

[0056] The contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device provided in this embodiment is mainly used for the treatment of water pollution in natural water bodies. In this novel water pollution treatment strategy, only a large number of contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation devices need to be deployed on the banks or water surface of natural water bodies; then, the electrocatalytic effect of these devices treats the pollutants in the water. Furthermore, in addition to using the contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device alone, in practical applications, it can also be used in combination with any one or more other biological, chemical, and physical pollution treatment methods. For example, when combined with the chemical treatment of pollutants, the superoxide radicals generated by the device can increase the reaction rate and efficiency of chemical agents, thereby improving the removal rate of pollutants.

[0057] The above-described embodiments are merely one implementation of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the inventive concept, and these all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A device for promoting the degradation of water pollutants through contact electrocatalysis, characterized in that, It includes a carrier and at least one self-generating degradation component; The self-generating degradation component includes a first electrode and a second electrode mounted on the upper surface of the carrier, and a friction layer covering the surfaces of the first electrode and the second electrode; the first electrode and the second electrode are strip-shaped and are alternately distributed from the center to the periphery on the upper surface of the carrier; the friction layer is made of a negatively charged material; The thickness of the first and second electrodes is not less than 0.5 mm; the electrode spacing between adjacent electrodes is 2-5 mm; The water flowing over the surface of the carrier forms a solid-liquid interface triboelectric nanogenerator with the friction layer. The gap between adjacent electrodes on the surface of the carrier constitutes a micro-electrolysis cell. The electrical energy output by the triboelectric nanogenerator through the first and second electrodes is used to electrocatalytically degrade water pollutants flowing through any one of the micro-electrolysis cells.

2. The contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an electromagnetic power generation component; the electromagnetic power generation component includes a sleeve, a permanent magnet, an annular float, and a coil; the sleeve is vertically mounted on the top of the carrier; both ends of the sleeve are sealed, and the permanent magnet is fixedly mounted in the inner cavity of the sleeve; the coil is located inside the annular float; the annular float is sleeved on the sleeve and can reciprocate along the extension direction of the sleeve with the waves; both ends of the coil serve as the power output ports of the electromagnetic power generation component and are electrically connected to the first and second electrodes in the self-generating degradation component.

3. The contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The carrier is either a submerged base fixed to the embankment or a floating body that floats on the water surface.

4. The contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The base is in the shape of a frustum or a pyramid; the self-generating degradation component is installed on the sloping side of the base; or, The top of the float has a horizontal platform; the self-generating degradation component is mounted on the surface of the platform.

5. The contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A self-generating degradation assembly is installed on the side of the frustum-shaped base or on the upper surface of the float; the first electrode and the second electrode in the self-generating degradation assembly are arranged in two parallel spiral lines.

6. The water pollutant degradation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: Each sloping side of the frustum-shaped base is provided with a set of self-generating degradation components; the first and second electrodes of the self-generating degradation components are interdigitated electrodes; and each electrode of the interdigitated electrodes is perpendicular to the natural sliding direction of the water flow on the slope; the electrode spacing of the interdigitated electrodes is 2-5 mm.

7. The contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carrier is made of an insulating and corrosion-resistant material; and / or The first and second electrodes are made of copper, ruthenium-iridium-titanium, or iridium-tantalum-titanium. and / or The friction layer is made of FEP, polytetrafluoroethylene or other fluoropolymers.

8. The contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The electromagnetic power generation assembly also includes a limiting device to prevent the annular float from detaching from the top of the sleeve. The limiting device is a limiting component installed on the top of the sleeve and having a size larger than the inner diameter of the annular float, or a cable with its two ends connected to the carrier and the float respectively.

9. The water pollutant degradation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Multiple permanent magnets are installed inside the sleeve, and the permanent magnets are spaced apart in the extending direction of the sleeve.

10. A method for treating water pollution in natural water bodies, characterized in that: A contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device as described in any one of claims 1-9 is arranged on the embankment or on the water surface; or, The aforementioned contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device can be used in conjunction with any one or more other biological, chemical, and physical pollution control methods.

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