Production process of ceramic artware

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ceramic handicraft manufacturing, in particular to a production process of ceramic handicrafts, which improves the quality and production efficiency of the ceramic handicrafts by optimizing the raw material ratio, improving the forming process and accurately controlling the firing temperature.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ceramic handicraft manufacturing, in particular to a production process of ceramic handicraft. Background Art

[0002] As a traditional handicraft, ceramic handicrafts have high artistic value and collection value. However, the traditional production process of ceramic handicrafts usually has the following problems: the raw material ratio is not accurate. In traditional processes, the raw material ratio mainly relies on experience and lacks scientific basis, resulting in unstable quality of finished products. For example, the unreasonable ratio of kaolin, quartz and feldspar may lead to insufficient strength of the green body or cracking during the firing process.

[0003] The defects of the molding process: the traditional molding process mostly adopts manual throwing or mold pressing, which is prone to problems such as uneven thickness of the blank and rough surface. In addition, manual operation is inefficient and difficult to meet the needs of large-scale production.

[0004] Insufficient control of the drying process. In the drying process, the temperature and humidity are not accurately controlled, which can easily lead to cracking or deformation of the green body. Especially in a high humidity environment, the green body dries too slowly, affecting production efficiency.

[0005] The traditional glazing process mostly uses manual glazing or dipping, which results in uneven glaze thickness and is prone to problems such as glaze bubbles and glaze flow. In addition, the glaze formula is single and it is difficult to meet the needs of different artistic effects.

[0006] The firing process is not precise. In the traditional firing process, the kiln temperature control is not accurate, which is prone to glaze cracking, color difference and other problems. Especially in the high-temperature firing stage, the temperature fluctuates greatly, affecting the quality of the finished product.

[0007] Production efficiency is low and the traditional production process has a long cycle. It takes weeks or even months from raw material preparation to finished product delivery, which makes it difficult to meet the modern market's demand for fast delivery.

[0008] Environmental issues: In traditional production processes, raw material grinding and firing will generate a lot of dust and exhaust gas, which will pollute the environment. In addition, the heavy metal components in the glaze are harmful to human health.

[0009] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an improved ceramic handicraft production process, which can significantly improve product quality and production efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0010] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a production process for ceramic handicrafts, which improves the quality and production efficiency of ceramic handicrafts by optimizing the raw material ratio, improving the molding process, and accurately controlling the firing temperature. The purpose of the present invention is achieved in that the production process comprises the following steps: For raw material preparation, kaolin, quartz and feldspar are selected as the main raw materials, and the mass percentage is: kaolin 50%-60%, quartz 20%-30%, and feldspar 10%-20%; the raw materials are finely ground and sieved to more than 200 mesh to ensure uniform raw material particles; the ground raw materials are mixed according to proportion, the moisture content of clay is controlled at 18-25%, and stirred evenly to form mud.

[0011] Molding process: inject the slurry into the mold and use the slurry injection molding method to ensure that the slurry is evenly distributed; the slurry viscosity is controlled at 2000-3000 mPa·s; the slurry injection pressure is controlled at 0.2-0.5 MPa; demolding time: according to the thickness of the product, it is usually 10-30 minutes; compression molding, the pressure is controlled at 20-50 MPa; the holding time is 10-30 seconds; wheel drawing molding, the rotation speed is 200-400rpm; the wheel drawing force is adjusted according to the shape of the product to avoid deformation; after molding, the blank is placed in a constant temperature and humidity environment for preliminary drying, the temperature is controlled at 25℃-30℃, the humidity is 60%-70%, and the drying time is 24-48 hours; after drying, the blank is trimmed to remove the excess part to ensure a smooth surface of the blank.

[0012] In order to ensure a uniform glaze layer, the glaze formula is 40%-50% quartz powder, 20%-30% feldspar powder, 10%-20% kaolin, and 5%-10% zinc oxide; the glaze viscosity is controlled at 1000-1500 mPa·s; the glazing thickness is 0.1-0.3 mm; the glazing method includes dipping, spraying or brushing, which can be selected according to product requirements; after glazing, the body is placed in a ventilated and dry place for secondary drying.

[0013] Drying process: drying temperature is controlled at 40-60℃; drying time is 24-48 hours, depending on the thickness of the product; relative humidity is maintained at 50-70% to prevent cracking.

[0014] Firing process: put the dried green body into the kiln. Pottery is controlled at 1000-1200℃; porcelain is controlled at 1200-1400℃; the firing is carried out by the staged heating method: the first stage is the low temperature stage: from room temperature to 300℃, the heating rate is 50-100℃ / hour, and it is kept warm for 1 hour; the second stage is the medium temperature stage: from 300℃ to 800℃, the heating rate is 100℃ / hour, and it is kept warm for 2 hours; the third stage is the high temperature stage: from 800℃ to 1200℃, the heating rate is 80℃ / hour, and it is kept warm for 3 hours; the fourth stage is the insulation stage: from 1200℃ to 800℃, the cooling rate is 50℃ / hour, and it is kept warm at high temperature for 1-2 hours to ensure sufficient sintering; the fifth stage is the cooling stage, from 800℃ to room temperature, the cooling rate is 50-100℃ / hour, to avoid cracking caused by thermal stress; natural cooling; during the firing process, the oxygen content in the kiln is strictly controlled to ensure that the glaze is smooth and free of bubbles.

[0015] For post-processing, use 400-800 grit sandpaper for grinding and polishing to ensure a smooth surface; decoration, painting, decals, etc. are carried out according to design requirements.

[0016] Quality control, dimensional tolerance ±0.5 mm; surface quality, no cracks, bubbles, uniform glaze; strength test, compressive strength ≥30 MPa, flexural strength ≥10 MPa.

[0017] Environmental control: workshop temperature is controlled at 20-25℃; workshop humidity is controlled at 50-60%.

[0018] By strictly controlling these parameters, the quality and consistency of ceramic handicrafts can be ensured.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the uniformity and stability of the ceramic body are ensured through precise raw material ratio and fine grinding, and the risk of cracking and deformation of the finished product is reduced; the temperature change during the firing process is effectively controlled by adopting a staged temperature increase firing process, and the problem of uneven glaze or cracking is avoided; the production efficiency is improved and the production cycle is shortened by optimizing the molding and glazing processes; the finished product has high artistic value and market competitiveness and is suitable for large-scale production. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The production process of the present invention comprises the following steps: For raw material preparation, kaolin, quartz and feldspar are selected as the main raw materials, and the mass percentage is: kaolin 50%-60%, quartz 20%-30%, and feldspar 10%-20%; the raw materials are finely ground and sieved to more than 200 mesh to ensure uniform raw material particles; the ground raw materials are mixed according to proportion, the moisture content of clay is controlled at 18-25%, and stirred evenly to form mud.

[0021] Molding process: inject the slurry into the mold and use the slurry injection molding method to ensure that the slurry is evenly distributed; the slurry viscosity is controlled at 2000-3000 mPa·s; the slurry injection pressure is controlled at 0.2-0.5 MPa; demolding time: according to the thickness of the product, it is usually 10-30 minutes; compression molding, the pressure is controlled at 20-50 MPa; the holding time is 10-30 seconds; wheel drawing molding, the rotation speed is 200-400rpm; the wheel drawing force is adjusted according to the shape of the product to avoid deformation; after molding, the blank is placed in a constant temperature and humidity environment for preliminary drying, the temperature is controlled at 25℃-30℃, the humidity is 60%-70%, and the drying time is 24-48 hours; after drying, the blank is trimmed to remove the excess part to ensure a smooth surface of the blank.

[0022] In order to ensure a uniform glaze layer, the glaze formula is 40%-50% quartz powder, 20%-30% feldspar powder, 10%-20% kaolin, and 5%-10% zinc oxide; the glaze viscosity is controlled at 1000-1500 mPa·s; the glazing thickness is 0.1-0.3 mm; the glazing method includes dipping, spraying or brushing, which can be selected according to product requirements; after glazing, the body is placed in a ventilated and dry place for secondary drying.

[0023] Drying process: drying temperature is controlled at 40-60℃; drying time is 24-48 hours, depending on the thickness of the product; relative humidity is maintained at 50-70% to prevent cracking.

[0024] Firing process: put the dried green body into the kiln. Pottery is controlled at 1000-1200℃; porcelain is controlled at 1200-1400℃; the firing is carried out by the staged heating method: the first stage is the low temperature stage: from room temperature to 300℃, the heating rate is 50-100℃ / hour, and it is kept warm for 1 hour; the second stage is the medium temperature stage: from 300℃ to 800℃, the heating rate is 100℃ / hour, and it is kept warm for 2 hours; the third stage is the high temperature stage: from 800℃ to 1200℃, the heating rate is 80℃ / hour, and it is kept warm for 3 hours; the fourth stage is the insulation stage: from 1200℃ to 800℃, the cooling rate is 50℃ / hour, and it is kept warm at high temperature for 1-2 hours to ensure sufficient sintering; the fifth stage is the cooling stage, from 800℃ to room temperature, the cooling rate is 50-100℃ / hour, to avoid cracking caused by thermal stress; natural cooling; during the firing process, the oxygen content in the kiln is strictly controlled to ensure that the glaze is smooth and free of bubbles.

[0025] For post-processing, use 400-800 grit sandpaper for grinding and polishing to ensure a smooth surface; decoration, painting, decals, etc. are carried out according to design requirements.

[0026] Quality control, dimensional tolerance ±0.5 mm; surface quality, no cracks, bubbles, uniform glaze; strength test, compressive strength ≥30 MPa, flexural strength ≥10 MPa.

[0027] Environmental control: workshop temperature is controlled at 20-25℃; workshop humidity is controlled at 50-60%.

[0028] By strictly controlling these parameters, the quality and consistency of ceramic handicrafts can be ensured.

Claims

1. A production process for ceramic handicrafts, characterized in that: The following steps are included: Raw material preparation, molding process, glazing process, firing process and post-processing.

2. A production process for ceramic handicrafts according to claim 1, characterized in that: Raw material preparation: kaolin, quartz and feldspar are selected as the main raw materials, and the mass percentage is: kaolin 50%-60%, quartz 20%-30%, feldspar 10%-20%; the raw materials are finely ground and sieved to more than 200 meshes to ensure uniform raw material particles; the ground raw materials are mixed according to the proportion, the moisture content of clay is controlled at 18-25%, and stirred evenly to form mud; Molding process: inject the slurry into the mold and use the slurry injection molding method to ensure that the slurry is evenly distributed; the slurry viscosity is controlled at 2000-3000 mPa·s; the slurry injection pressure is controlled at 0.2-0.5 MPa; demoulding time: according to the thickness of the product, it is usually 10-30 minutes; compression molding, the pressure is controlled at 20-50 MPa; the holding time is 10-30 seconds; the billet forming, the speed is 200-400 rpm; the billet drawing force is adjusted according to the shape of the product to avoid deformation; after molding, the blank is placed in a constant temperature and humidity environment for preliminary drying, the temperature is controlled at 25℃-30℃, the humidity is 60%-70%, and the drying time is 24-48 hours; after drying, the blank is trimmed to remove the excess part to ensure a smooth surface of the blank; In order to ensure a uniform glaze layer, the glaze formula is quartz powder 40%-50%, feldspar powder 20%-30%, kaolin 10%-20%, zinc oxide 5%-10%; the glaze viscosity is controlled at 1000-1500 mPa·s; the glazing thickness is 0.1-0.3 mm; the glazing method is glazing dipping, glazing spraying or glazing brushing, which can be selected according to product requirements; after glazing, the body is placed in a ventilated and dry place for secondary drying; Drying process: drying temperature is controlled at 40-60℃; drying time is 24-48 hours, depending on the thickness of the product; Keep relative humidity at 50-70% to prevent cracking; Firing process: put the dried body into the kiln, control the temperature of pottery at 1000-1200℃; control the temperature of porcelain at 1200-1400℃; use the staged heating method for firing: the first stage is the low temperature stage: from room temperature to 300℃, the heating rate is 50-100℃ / hour, and keep warm for 1 hour; the second stage is the medium temperature stage: from 300℃ to 800℃, the heating rate is 100℃ / hour, and keep warm for 2 hours; the third stage is the high temperature stage: from 800℃ to 1200℃, the heating rate is 80℃ / hour, and keep warm for 3 hours; the fourth stage is the insulation stage: from 1200℃ to 800℃, the cooling rate is 50℃ / hour, and keep warm at high temperature for 1-2 hours to ensure sufficient sintering; the fifth stage is the cooling stage, from 800℃ to room temperature, the cooling rate is 50-100℃ / hour, to avoid cracking caused by thermal stress; natural cooling; During the firing process, the oxygen content in the kiln is strictly controlled to ensure that the glaze surface is smooth and free of bubbles; Post-processing process: grinding and polishing with 400-800 grit sandpaper to ensure smooth surface; decoration, painting, decals, etc. are carried out according to design requirements; Quality control, dimensional tolerance ±0.5 mm; surface quality, no cracks, bubbles, uniform glaze; strength test, compressive strength ≥30 MPa, flexural strength ≥10 MPa; Environmental control: workshop temperature is controlled at 20-25℃; workshop humidity is controlled at 50-60%; By strictly controlling these parameters, the quality and consistency of ceramic handicrafts can be ensured.