Goaf settlement monitoring device and monitoring method

Abstract

The invention discloses a goaf settlement monitoring device and method, the device comprises a mounting seat and a settlement mechanism, and a first mounting hole is formed in the mounting seat along the vertical direction in a penetrating manner; the settling mechanism comprises a settling pipe and a settling sleeve, the settling sleeve is coaxially arranged above the mounting base in a sleeving mode, a second mounting hole is formed in a top plate of the settling sleeve in the vertical direction in a penetrating mode, and the second mounting hole and the first mounting hole are coaxially communicated; the sedimentation pipe can be movably arranged in the first mounting hole in a penetrating mode in the axial direction, the lower end of the sedimentation pipe can be inserted into soil in the axial direction of the sedimentation pipe after penetrating out of the first mounting hole, and the upper end of the sedimentation pipe penetrates out of the second mounting hole; a mounting cavity is formed between the settlement sleeve and the settlement pipe, a plurality of monitoring assemblies for monitoring soil settlement of the goaf are arranged in the mounting cavity, and the settlement mechanism can drive the monitoring assemblies to move along with soil settlement, so that soil settlement monitoring of the goaf is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of surface subsidence monitoring, and relates to a goaf area subsidence monitoring device and a monitoring method. Background Art

[0002] During mining, the formation of goafs will lead to the destruction of the mechanical balance of the surrounding rock, which will in turn cause surface collapse and deformation. The deformation and subsidence area is usually basin-shaped, with steep edges, low-lying centers, and significant changes in the surface morphology. This subsidence will not only lead to uneven ground settlement, but also pose a threat to the surface safety of the mine's main shafts, main structures, slopes and subsidence areas. It will also cause problems such as groundwater level drop, soil erosion, vegetation destruction and soil erosion, affecting the ecological balance and the water supply and hydrological environment of the surrounding areas. Therefore, it is necessary to use monitoring equipment to monitor the settlement and deformation of goafs in real time.

[0003] Existing goaf subsidence monitoring devices are mainly fixed on the ground with a bracket or set in a pre-drilled monitoring borehole. The defects of the existing devices are that the contact area with the ground or the monitoring borehole is small, and it is difficult to achieve long-term stable installation of the device. In addition, during the monitoring process, multiple monitoring devices are required to monitor different positions, which generates a large amount of energy consumption during operation, resulting in energy waste and not meeting the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection. The signal boards of some devices are directly exposed to the outside, which makes the signal boards extremely susceptible to interference from the external environment. If the signal boards are contaminated, the monitoring data will be inaccurate, which ultimately cannot meet the actual application needs and is in urgent need of improvement. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a goaf area subsidence monitoring device and a monitoring method to solve technical problems such as the existing goaf area subsidence monitoring devices are inconvenient to install and use, the monitoring data are easily affected by external factors, and cannot meet actual application needs.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions to achieve the above problems:

[0006] A goaf area settlement monitoring device comprises a mounting seat and a settlement mechanism, wherein a first mounting hole is vertically provided in the mounting seat;

[0007] The settlement mechanism comprises a settlement pipe and a settlement sleeve which are fixedly connected, the settlement sleeve being arranged above the mounting seat, a second mounting hole being vertically through-set on the top plate of the settlement sleeve, the second mounting hole being coaxially connected with the first mounting hole; the settlement pipe can be axially movably penetrated in the first mounting hole, and the lower end of the settlement pipe can be inserted into the soil along its own axial direction after passing through the first mounting hole, and the upper end of the settlement pipe passes through the second mounting hole;

[0008] An installation cavity is formed between the settlement sleeve and the settlement tube, and a plurality of monitoring components for monitoring soil settlement in the goaf are arranged in the installation cavity. The settlement mechanism can drive the monitoring components to move as the soil settles, thereby realizing soil settlement monitoring in the goaf.

[0009] The present invention also has the following technical features:

[0010] Specifically, the settling tube includes a body provided with an inner cavity, a top cover for blocking the top opening of the body is provided at the top of the body; an electric push rod is fixedly mounted on the lower end surface of the top cover, and a support rod is coaxially connected to the output end of the electric push rod;

[0011] The bottom of the support rod is connected to a first plug column, the bottom end of the first plug column is coaxially connected to a first conical block, the upper end of the first plug column extends into the body, and the first plug column can be axially extended or retracted into the body under the drive of the electric push rod.

[0012] Furthermore, a plurality of telescopic pin assemblies are arranged on the support rod at circumferential intervals, and the telescopic pin assembly includes a rotating shaft radially penetrated on the support rod, a linkage assembly sleeved on the rotating shaft, and a second pin arranged at the front end of the linkage assembly, and a second conical block is coaxially connected to the front end of the second pin. The second pin can extend out of or retract into the inner cavity through a through hole opened on the side wall of the main body under the drive of the electric push rod.

[0013] Furthermore, the linkage assembly includes a first linkage rod and a second linkage rod, the first linkage rod and the second linkage rod have the same structure and are respectively arranged on both sides of the support rod; the first linkage rod includes a rod body, one end of the rod body is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft, and the other end is hinged with a connecting block, the front end of the connecting block is connected to a stop block, and the front end surface of the stop block is provided with the second plug column.

[0014] Furthermore, the mounting seat includes an outer ring seat and an inner ring sleeve which are coaxially sleeved, and a plurality of roller assemblies are circumferentially arranged on the inner wall of the inner ring sleeve, and each roller assembly includes at least three rollers which are linearly arranged along the axial direction of the sedimentation tube.

[0015] Furthermore, the monitoring assembly includes a first limit block, a second limit block, a first displacement sensor disposed on the second limit block, and a second displacement sensor disposed on the inner wall of the sinker sleeve;

[0016] The first limit block is connected to the outer ring seat, and the first limit block is connected to the second limit block through a telescopic rod. A spring is arranged on the outer sleeve of the telescopic rod. The upper and lower ends of the spring are respectively connected to the second limit block and the first limit block.

[0017] Furthermore, a controller, a battery module and an alarm module are arranged in the outer ring seat; the first displacement sensor, the second displacement sensor, the controller, the alarm module and the electric push rod are electrically connected to the battery module respectively; and the first displacement sensor, the second displacement sensor, the alarm module and the electric push rod are electrically connected to the controller respectively.

[0018] Furthermore, a plurality of support components are arranged on the outer wall of the outer ring seat in the circumferential direction, and the support components include a connecting seat connected to the outer ring seat, a lifting component is arranged at the bottom of the connecting seat, a steering component is arranged at the bottom of the lifting component, a support plate is arranged at the bottom of the steering component, and a fixing hole for the anchor rod to pass through is opened on the support plate;

[0019] The lifting assembly comprises a screw sleeve fixedly connected to the lower end surface of the connecting seat, a stud is sleeved inside the screw sleeve, and a knob is sleeved on the stud;

[0020] The steering assembly includes a boss fixedly connected to the top of the support plate, the boss is provided with a spherical groove with an open top, a sphere is movably connected to the inner cavity of the spherical groove, the bottom end of the stud is fixedly connected to the sphere, and the top opening diameter of the spherical groove is smaller than the diameter of the sphere.

[0021] Furthermore, a rubber gasket is arranged in the through hole.

[0022] The present invention also protects a method for monitoring goaf settlement, which is implemented by the above-mentioned goaf settlement monitoring device and comprises the following steps:

[0023] Step 1: Pre-drill holes at the selected monitoring location, assemble the mounting base on the ground, align the center point of the mounting base with the center of the pre-drilled hole and place it on the ground; complete the fixing and leveling of the support assembly;

[0024] Step 2: vertically insert the sedimentation pipe into the pre-drilled hole through the first mounting hole; install the monitoring assembly on the outer ring seat; the sedimentation cover is arranged on the monitoring assembly and is threadedly connected to the sedimentation pipe;

[0025] Step 3, start the electric push rod to drive the first conical block to be inserted into the bottom of the pre-drilled hole along the axial direction, and the second conical block to be inserted into the side wall of the pre-drilled hole along the radial direction, so as to complete the fixing operation of the sinking mechanism;

[0026] Step 4: Start the monitoring component to complete soil settlement monitoring.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0028] The present invention adopts structural design, especially, an electric push rod is set to drive the first plug column to move vertically, and drives the second plug column to move horizontally, so as to realize the positioning of the goaf settlement monitoring device in the horizontal and vertical directions. It not only effectively ensures the stability and firmness of the connection between the settlement pipe and the soil, but also ensures that the settlement pipe can move with the soil settlement. It also uses a power source of the electric push rod to drive the first plug column and the second plug column to move at the same time, thereby improving the fixing efficiency of the settlement pipe, effectively reducing the use cost and energy consumption, and complying with the concept of energy saving and environmental protection.

[0029] 2. The present invention is provided with a settlement sleeve which can move vertically relative to the mounting seat. The settlement sleeve wraps and encloses the monitoring component in the mounting cavity formed by the settlement sleeve and the settlement tube. Through structural design, it is ensured that the settlement sleeve can move with the settlement tube and can also provide shielding and protection for the monitoring component, effectively preventing the monitoring component from being disturbed and polluted by the external environment (such as wind, falling rocks, etc.), thereby ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring data. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the goaf area settlement monitoring device of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a local structure of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the outer ring seat and the settling tube;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second plug post extending out of the sedimentation pipe;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second plug column retracting the sedimentation tube;

[0036] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the linkage component structure;

[0037] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the supporting component structure;

[0038] The meaning of each number in the figure is:

[0039] 1-mounting seat, 2-sinking mechanism, 3-monitoring assembly, 4-support assembly, 5-rubber gasket;

[0040] 11-first mounting hole, 12-outer ring seat, 13-inner ring sleeve, 14-roller;

[0041] 21-settling tube, 22-settling sleeve, 23-support rod, 24-telescopic column assembly, 25-electric push rod;

[0042] 31-first limit block, 32-second limit block, 33-telescopic rod, 34-spring;

[0043] 41-connecting seat, 42-lifting assembly, 43-steering assembly, 44-support plate;

[0044] 211-body, 212-top cover, 213-first plug post, 214-first conical block; 221-second mounting hole; 241-rotating shaft, 242-linking assembly, 243-second plug post, 244-second conical block; 421-screw sleeve, 422-stud, 423-knob; 431-convex column, 432-sphere; 441-fixing hole;

[0045] 2111-through hole; 2421-first connecting rod, 2422-second connecting rod; 4311-spherical groove; 24211-rod body, 24212-connecting block, 24213-stop block. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific implementation described here is only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and is not used to limit the present invention.

[0047] The terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "top", "bottom", etc. used in the present invention to indicate directions or positional relationships are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operate in a specific direction. "Inside" and "outside" refer to the inside and outside of the contour of the corresponding components, and the above terms should not be understood as limitations on the present invention.

[0048] In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.

[0049] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, or a detachable connection or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0050] Embodiment 1:

[0051] Following the above technical solution, Figures 1 to 7 As shown, this embodiment provides a goaf settlement monitoring device, comprising a mounting seat 1 and a settlement mechanism 2, wherein a first mounting hole 11 is vertically provided in the mounting seat 1;

[0052] The sedimentation mechanism 2 includes a sedimentation pipe 21 and a sedimentation sleeve 22 that are fixedly connected. A second mounting hole 221 is vertically arranged on the upper edge of the top plate of the sedimentation sleeve 22, and the second mounting hole 221 is coaxially connected to the first mounting hole 11; the sedimentation pipe 21 can be axially movably arranged in the first mounting hole 11, and the lower end of the sedimentation pipe 21 can be inserted into the soil along its own axial direction after passing through the first mounting hole 11, and the upper end of the sedimentation pipe 21 passes through the second mounting hole 221; wherein, the sedimentation sleeve 22 is surrounded by a top plate and a side plate, the sedimentation sleeve 22 is arranged above the mounting seat 1, and the sedimentation sleeve 22 can be driven by the sedimentation pipe 21 and move up and down vertically relative to the mounting seat 1.

[0053] An installation cavity is formed between the inner wall of the settlement sleeve 22 and the outer wall of the settlement tube 21. A plurality of monitoring components 3 for monitoring soil settlement in the goaf are arranged in the installation cavity. The plurality of monitoring components 3 are arranged at equal intervals along the circumference. The settlement sleeve 22 wraps and encloses the monitoring components 3 in the installation cavity, which not only ensures that the settlement sleeve 22 can move with the settlement tube, but also shields and protects the monitoring components 3, effectively avoiding interference and pollution of the monitoring components by the external environment (such as wind, falling rocks, etc.), and ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring data.

[0054] Preferably, four monitoring components 3 are provided in the present embodiment; the settlement mechanism 2 can make the monitoring components 3 move vertically as the soil settles, thereby realizing the soil settlement monitoring of the goaf area.

[0055] As a preferred solution of this embodiment, Figure 2 to Figure 5As shown, the sedimentation tube 21 includes a main body 211 provided with an inner cavity, and a top cover 212 for sealing the top opening of the main body 211 is provided at the top of the main body 211; in this embodiment, the top cover 212 is connected to the main body 211 by threads; an external thread is provided on the outer wall of the upper end of the main body 211, and an internal thread matching the aforementioned external thread is provided on the inner wall of the second mounting hole 221 on the sedimentation sleeve 22, that is, the sedimentation tube 21 and the sedimentation sleeve 22 are also connected by threads. An electric push rod 25 is fixedly mounted on the lower end surface of the top cover 212, and a support rod 23 is coaxially connected to the output end of the electric push rod 25; a first plug column 213 is connected to the bottom of the support rod 23, and a first conical block 214 is coaxially connected to the bottom end of the first plug column 213. The upper end of the first plug column 213 extends into the main body 211, and the first plug column 213 can be axially extended or retracted into the main body 211 under the drive of the electric push rod 25.

[0056] The electric push rod 25 can drive the support rod 23, the first plug column 213 and the first conical block 214 to move vertically. The first conical block 214 is provided to improve the smoothness of the first plug column 213 being inserted into the soil at the bottom of the hole. When the first plug column 213 is extended axially out of the body 21 under the drive of the electric push rod 25, the goaf settlement monitoring device can be positioned in the vertical direction, i.e., axial direction.

[0057] As a preferred solution of this embodiment, two telescopic plug-in column assemblies 24 are arranged on the support rod 23, and the two telescopic plug-in column assemblies 24 are arranged on different horizontal planes. Each telescopic plug-in column assembly 24 includes a rotating shaft 241 radially penetrated on the support rod 23. Preferably, the projections of the rotating shafts 241 of the two telescopic plug-in column assemblies 24 on the same horizontal plane are perpendicular to each other. A linkage assembly 242 is sleeved on the rotating shaft 241. A second plug-in column 243 is arranged at the front end of the linkage assembly 242. The front end of the second plug-in column 243 is coaxially connected to the first plug-in column 243. The second conical block 244 and the second plug 243 can extend out of or retract into the inner cavity through the through hole 2111 opened on the side wall of the main body 211 under the drive of the electric push rod 25; after the second plug 243 radially extends out of the main body 211 through the through hole 2111 opened on the side wall of the main body 211 under the drive of the electric push rod 25, the second plug 243 and the second conical block 244 can be inserted into the side wall of the monitoring borehole for placing the goaf subsidence monitoring device, so as to realize the horizontal direction, i.e. radial positioning, of the goaf subsidence monitoring device.

[0058] As a preferred solution of this embodiment, a rubber gasket is further provided in the through hole 2111 to reduce the friction between the second plug post 243 and the inner wall of the through hole 2111 .

[0059] As a preferred solution of this embodiment, the linkage assembly 242 includes a first linkage rod 2421 and a second linkage rod 2422. The first linkage rod 2421 and the second linkage rod 2422 have the same structure and are respectively arranged on both sides of the support rod 23. The first linkage rod 2421 includes a rod body 24211. One end of the rod body 24211 is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft 241, and the other end is hinged with a connecting block 24212. The front end of the connecting block 24212 is connected to a stopper 24213, and a second plug column 243 is arranged on the front end surface of the stopper 24213. In this embodiment, two first linkage rods 2421 and two second linkage rods are arranged in total, and the projections of the four linkage rods on the same horizontal plane are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction.

[0060] As a preferred solution of this embodiment, the mounting seat 1 includes an outer ring seat 12 and an inner ring sleeve 13 which are coaxially sleeved, and a plurality of roller assemblies are circumferentially arranged on the inner wall of the inner ring sleeve 13, and each roller assembly includes at least three rollers 14 which are arranged in a straight line along the axial direction of the sedimentation tube 21.

[0061] The surface of the roller 14 can contact the outer wall of the main body 211. When the sedimentation tube 21 moves synchronously with the soil settlement, the roller 14 can roll on the surface of the sedimentation tube 21. The setting of the roller 14 helps to reduce the friction between the sedimentation tube 21 and the mounting seat 1, thereby avoiding the sedimentation tube 21 from getting stuck when moving vertically, causing sedimentation monitoring delays.

[0062] As a preferred solution of this embodiment, the monitoring assembly 3 includes a first limit block 31, a second limit block 32, a first displacement sensor arranged on the second limit block 32, and a second displacement sensor arranged on the inner wall of the sinker sleeve 22;

[0063] The first limit block 31 is connected to the outer ring seat 12, the second limit block 32 is not connected to the top plate of the sinking sleeve 22, the first limit block 31 is connected to the second limit block 32 through the telescopic rod 33, the outer sleeve of the telescopic rod 33 is provided with a spring 34, and the upper and lower ends of the spring 34 are respectively connected to the second limit block 32 and the first limit block 31. When the sinking tube 21 moves downward, it drives the sinking sleeve 22 downward, and the sinking sleeve 22 continues to move downward, contacts the second limit block 32, and continuously applies pressure to the second limit block 32, so that the second limit block 32 drives the telescopic rod 33 to contract, and the spring 34 is gradually compressed. When the telescopic rod 33 contracts to the maximum limit, the controller will send an alarm signal to the alarm module after receiving the displacement data, and send a warning signal to the external host.

[0064] As a preferred solution of this embodiment, a controller, a battery module and an alarm module are arranged in the outer ring seat 12, and the first displacement sensor, the second displacement sensor, the controller, the alarm module and the electric push rod 25 are electrically connected to the battery module respectively, and the first displacement sensor, the second displacement sensor, the alarm module and the electric push rod 25 are electrically connected to the controller respectively. The first displacement sensor and the second displacement sensor are used to collect displacement data and send the collected data to the controller, and the controller is used to send a control instruction according to the received displacement data. When the received displacement data exceeds the threshold value set in the controller, the controller sends an alarm instruction to the alarm module, and the alarm module sends an early warning signal to the external host according to the received alarm instruction. The battery module is used to provide a constant working voltage for the first displacement sensor, the second displacement sensor, the controller, the alarm module and the electric push rod 25.

[0065] As a preferred solution of this embodiment, four support assemblies 4 are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction on the outer wall of the outer ring seat 12, and the support assemblies 4 are used to fix the mounting seat 1 on the ground at the position to be monitored in the goaf.

[0066] The support assembly 4 includes a connecting seat 41 connected to the outer ring seat 12, a lifting assembly 42 is provided at the bottom of the connecting seat 41, a steering assembly 43 is provided at the bottom of the lifting assembly 42, a support plate 44 is provided at the bottom of the steering assembly 43, and a fixing hole 441 for the anchor rod to pass through is opened on the support plate 44; the anchor rod is inserted into the soil at the monitoring position through the fixing hole 441, so that the support plate 44 can be fixed at the monitoring position.

[0067] The lifting component 42 includes a screw sleeve 421 fixedly connected to the lower end surface of the connecting seat 41, a stud 422 is sleeved inside the screw sleeve 421, and a knob 423 is sleeved on the stud 422; rotating the knob 423 drives the stud 422 to rotate, so as to adjust the distance between the lifting component and the ground, so that the support component 4 is in stable contact with the ground, and by adjusting the height and position of each support component, it is finally ensured that the sinking mechanism 2 is set vertically to the ground.

[0068] The steering assembly 43 includes a boss 431 fixedly connected to the top of the support plate 44, a spherical groove 4311 with an open top is formed on the boss 431, a sphere 432 is movably connected to the inner cavity of the spherical groove 4311, the bottom end of the stud 422 is fixedly connected to the sphere 432, and the diameter of the top opening of the spherical groove 4311 is smaller than the diameter of the sphere 432. Since the inner cavity of the spherical groove 4311 is movably connected to the sphere 432, the direction of the support plate 44 can be adjusted by rotating the support plate 44.

[0069] Embodiment 2:

[0070] This embodiment provides a method for monitoring goaf subsidence, comprising the following steps:

[0071] Step 1: Pre-drill a hole at the selected monitoring location, assemble the mounting base 1 on the ground, align the center point of the mounting base 1 with the center of the pre-drilled hole and place it on the ground to complete the fixing and leveling of the support assembly 4;

[0072] The fixing and leveling specifically include: the support plate 44 contacts the ground, the support plate 44 drives the protrusion 431 to move, so that the ball 432 rotates in the spherical groove 4311, so that the support plate 44 can fit the ground more closely, and a spirit level is placed on the outer ring seat 12 to judge the horizontal state of the mounting seat 1. If the mounting seat 1 is not in a horizontal state, you can hold the mounting seat 1 with one hand and turn the knob 423 with the other hand. The knob 423 drives the stud 422 and the ball 432 to rotate. Under the action of the thread, the stud 422 drives the connecting seat 41 to move vertically, thereby realizing the height adjustment of one side of the mounting seat 1. The remaining knobs 423 are turned in turn according to the actual terrain conditions until the spirit level is in a horizontal state, and the support plate 44 is fixed with an anchor rod.

[0073] Step 2, the sedimentation tube 21 is vertically inserted into the pre-drilled hole through the first mounting hole 11; the monitoring assembly 3 is installed on the outer ring seat 12; the sedimentation sleeve 22 is covered on the monitoring assembly 3 and is threadedly connected to the sedimentation tube 21;

[0074] Step 3, start the electric push rod 25, drive the first conical block 214 to be inserted into the bottom of the pre-drilled hole along the axial direction, and the second conical block 244 to be inserted into the side wall of the pre-drilled hole along the radial direction, and complete the fixing operation of the sinking mechanism 2;

[0075] Step 4: Start the monitoring component to complete soil settlement monitoring.

[0076] When the soil settles, the settlement mechanism 2 moves downward with the soil, and the settlement tube 21 drives the settlement sleeve 22 to move downward. The second displacement sensor on the settlement sleeve 22 can collect the moving distance of the settlement sleeve 22 and generate displacement data to transmit to the controller. The controller receives the displacement data and sends the received displacement data to the external host. As the settlement mechanism 2 continues to move downward, the settlement sleeve 22 contacts the second limit block 32 and continuously applies pressure to the second limit block 32, so that the second limit block 32 drives the telescopic rod 33 to contract, and the spring 34 is gradually compressed. When the telescopic rod 33 contracts to the maximum limit (minimum length), the controller sends an alarm instruction to the alarm module according to the displacement data received from the first displacement sensor, and the alarm module sends an early warning signal to the external host according to the received alarm instruction.

[0077] In this embodiment, the collected data is also used for the subsequent soil settlement prediction, and the soil settlement at time t is determined by the following formula:

[0078] S=S0+α·t+β·log(t+1)

[0079] in:

[0080] S is the settlement of soil at time t (unit: mm)

[0081] S0 is the initial sedimentation, that is, the sedimentation at time t=0 (unit: mm).

[0082] α is the time-dependent sedimentation coefficient, indicating that the sedimentation increases linearly with time t. (Unit: mm / year);

[0083] β is the logarithmic time-dependent sedimentation coefficient, which describes the nonlinear change of sedimentation with time t, and is especially used to characterize the tendency of sedimentation to slow down in the later period. (Unit: mm);

[0084] t time, the predicted time point. (Unit: year).

[0085] Both α and β need to be obtained by fitting the on-site monitored data, and then used for prediction of later long-term settlement monitoring.

[0086] The specific method is as follows: collect the settlement S and corresponding time t data of the goaf within a certain period of time, and obtain them through monitoring or experiments.

[0087] Substitute the known t and S data into the above formula to form a linear regression problem, and calculate it using the least squares method.

[0088] In this embodiment, the collected data are as follows:

[0089] Time t (year) Sedimentation S(mm) 0 100 1 150 2 180 3 200

[0090] The initial settlement S0=100mm.

[0091] Data fitting:

[0092] t=1:150=100+α×1+β×log(1+1)

[0093] t=2:180=100+α×2+β×log(2+1)

[0094] t=3:200=100+α×3+β×log(3+1)

[0095] α = 20 mm / year, β = 15 mm;

[0096] The coefficient α=20 means that the settlement increases linearly by about 20 mm per year.

[0097] The coefficient β = 15, reflecting the logarithmic effect of the gradual slowing down of the sedimentation as time increases in the early stage.

[0098] Predicted settlement in the 5th year:

[0099] S=100+20×5+15×log(5+1)≈100+100+26.79≈226.79mm

[0100] The above method can iteratively optimize the coefficients through actual data and enhance the prediction accuracy.

[0101] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the technical concept of the present invention, a variety of simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention, and these simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0102] In addition, various embodiments of the present invention may be arbitrarily combined, and as long as they do not violate the concept of the present invention, they should also be regarded as the contents disclosed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A goaf settlement monitoring device, comprising a mounting base (1) and a settlement mechanism (2), characterized in that: A first mounting hole (11) is vertically provided in the mounting seat (1); The settlement mechanism (2) comprises a settlement pipe (21) and a settlement sleeve (22) which are fixedly connected, the settlement sleeve (22) being arranged above the mounting seat (1), the top plate of the settlement sleeve (22) being provided with a second mounting hole (221) which is vertically through-hole-through, the second mounting hole (221) being coaxially connected to the first mounting hole (11); the settlement pipe (21) is axially movable and penetrates the first mounting hole (11), and the lower end of the settlement pipe (21) can be inserted into the soil along its own axial direction after passing through the first mounting hole (11), and the upper end of the settlement pipe (21) passes through the second mounting hole (221); An installation cavity is formed between the settlement sleeve (22) and the settlement pipe (21), and a plurality of monitoring components (3) for monitoring the settlement of soil in the goaf are arranged in the installation cavity. The settlement mechanism (2) can drive the monitoring components (3) to move as the soil settles, thereby realizing the monitoring of soil settlement in the goaf.

2. The goaf subsidence monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The settling pipe (21) comprises a body (211) provided with an inner cavity, and a top cover (212) for sealing the top opening of the body (211) is provided at the top of the body (211); an electric push rod (25) is fixedly mounted on the lower end surface of the top cover (212), and the output end of the electric push rod (25) is coaxially connected to a support rod (23); The bottom of the support rod (23) is connected to a first plug post (213), the bottom end of the first plug post (213) is coaxially connected to a first conical block (214), the upper end of the first plug post (213) extends into the body (211), and the first plug post (213) can be extended or retracted into the body (211) along the axial direction under the drive of the electric push rod (25).

3. The goaf subsidence monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of telescopic plug-in column assemblies (24) are arranged on the support rod (23), and the telescopic plug-in column assembly (24) includes a rotating shaft (241) radially penetrated on the support rod (23), a linkage assembly (242) sleeved on the rotating shaft (241), and a second plug-in column (243) arranged at the front end of the linkage assembly (242), and the front end of the second plug-in column (243) is coaxially connected with a second conical block (244), and the second plug-in column (243) can be extended or retracted into the inner cavity through a through hole (2111) opened on the side wall of the main body (211) under the drive of the electric push rod (25).

4. The goaf subsidence monitoring device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The linkage assembly (242) comprises a first linkage rod (2421) and a second linkage rod (2422); the first linkage rod (2421) and the second linkage rod (2422) have the same structure and are respectively arranged on both sides of the support rod (23); The first connecting rod (2421) includes a rod body (24211), one end of the rod body (24211) is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft (241), and the other end is hinged with a connecting block (24212), the front end of the connecting block (24212) is connected to a stopper (24213), and the front end surface of the stopper (24213) is provided with the second plug post (243).

5. The goaf subsidence monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting seat (1) comprises an outer ring seat (12) and an inner ring sleeve (13) which are coaxially sleeved, a plurality of roller assemblies are circumferentially arranged on the inner wall of the inner ring sleeve (13), and each roller assembly comprises at least three rollers (14) which are arranged in a straight line along the axial direction of the sedimentation tube (21).

6. The goaf subsidence monitoring device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The monitoring assembly (3) comprises a first limit block (31), a second limit block (32), a first displacement sensor arranged on the second limit block (32), and a second displacement sensor arranged on the inner wall of the sinker sleeve (22); The first limit block (31) is connected to the outer ring seat (12), and the first limit block (31) is connected to the second limit block (32) through a telescopic rod (33). A spring (34) is provided on the outer sleeve of the telescopic rod (33), and the upper and lower ends of the spring (34) are respectively connected to the second limit block (32) and the first limit block (31).

7. The goaf subsidence monitoring device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A controller, a battery module and an alarm module are arranged in the outer ring seat (12); the first displacement sensor, the second displacement sensor, the controller, the alarm module and the electric push rod (25) are respectively electrically connected to the battery module; and the first displacement sensor, the second displacement sensor, the alarm module and the electric push rod (25) are respectively electrically connected to the controller.

8. The goaf subsidence monitoring device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A plurality of support assemblies (4) are arranged on the outer wall of the outer ring seat (12) along the circumferential direction, the support assembly (4) comprises a connecting seat (41) connected to the outer ring seat (12), a lifting assembly (42) is arranged at the bottom of the connecting seat (41), a steering assembly (43) is arranged at the bottom of the lifting assembly (42), a supporting plate (44) is arranged at the bottom of the steering assembly (43), and a fixing hole (441) for the anchor rod to pass through is opened on the supporting plate (44); The lifting assembly (42) comprises a screw sleeve (421) fixedly connected to the lower end surface of the connecting seat (41), a stud (422) is sleeved inside the screw sleeve (421), and a knob (423) is sleeved on the stud (422); The steering assembly (43) comprises a boss (431) fixedly connected to the top of the support plate (44); a spherical groove (4311) with an open top is provided on the boss (431); a spherical body (432) is movably connected to the inner cavity of the spherical groove (4311); the bottom end of the stud (422) is fixedly connected to the spherical body (432); and the diameter of the top opening of the spherical groove (4311) is smaller than the diameter of the spherical body (432).

9. The goaf subsidence monitoring device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A rubber gasket (5) is arranged in the through hole (2111).

10. A method for monitoring goaf settlement, characterized in that: The method is implemented by the goaf subsidence monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Pre-drill a hole at the selected monitoring location, assemble the mounting base (1) on the ground, align the center point of the mounting base (1) with the center of the pre-drilled hole and place it on the ground; complete the fixing and leveling of the support assembly (4); Step 2: The sedimentation pipe (21) is vertically inserted into the pre-drilled hole through the first mounting hole (11); the monitoring assembly (3) is mounted on the outer ring seat (12); the sedimentation sleeve (22) is covered on the monitoring assembly (3) and is threadedly connected to the sedimentation pipe (21); Step 3, start the electric push rod (25), drive the first conical block (214) to be inserted into the bottom of the pre-drilled hole along the axial direction, and the second conical block (244) to be inserted into the side wall of the pre-drilled hole along the radial direction, and complete the fixing operation of the sinking mechanism (2); Step 4: Start the monitoring component to complete soil settlement monitoring.

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