Fertilizing method suitable for underground rhizome crops

Abstract

The invention provides a fertilization method suitable for underground rhizome crops, and belongs to the technical field of crop fertilization. The fertilizing method comprises the following steps: applying a bio-organic fertilizer and a compound fertilizer with the ratio of N-P2O5-K2O being 15-15 to 15 as base fertilizers; dressing a compound fertilizer containing medium trace elements and humic acid, wherein the ratio of N-P2O5-K2O is 20-12-20, and the compound fertilizer is applied in the seedling stage and the tuber / tuberous root forming stage; in the tuber / root tuber expanding period, dressing compound fertilizer with the proportion of N-P2O5-K2O being 20 to 12 to 20, compound fertilizer with the proportion of N-P2O5-K2O being 12 to 6 to 4, compound fertilizer with the proportion of N-P2O5-K2O being 10 to 6 to 3 5 and mineral source potassium fulvate. The method is suitable for cultivation of underground rhizome crops, especially potatoes and carrots, in cold mountainous areas in the north of Hebei, soil can be improved, and yield increase and high quality are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of crop fertilization, and in particular relates to a fertilization method suitable for underground rhizome crops. Background Art

[0002] Underground rhizome crops (such as potatoes and carrots) are important cash crops in my country and are widely planted in cold mountainous areas in northern Hebei. These crops have high demands for soil nutrients, especially for macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as medium and trace elements. Traditional fertilization methods often rely on the application of a single chemical fertilizer. Although it can increase crop yields in the short term, long-term use can easily lead to problems such as soil compaction, nutrient imbalance, and decreased microbial activity, which in turn affects crop quality and sustainable production.

[0003] At present, the fertilization technology for underground rhizomes has the following main problems:

[0004] (1) Nutrient imbalance: Traditional fertilization methods often focus only on the application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, ignoring the supplementation of trace elements and organic matter, resulting in nutrient imbalance during crop growth and affecting the expansion and quality of tubers or roots.

[0005] (2) Soil degradation: Long-term single application of chemical fertilizers can easily lead to a decrease in soil organic matter content, deterioration of soil structure, and reduced microbial activity, which in turn affects the root development and nutrient absorption of crops, and is likely to lead to the occurrence of soil-borne diseases.

[0006] (3) Low fertilization efficiency: Traditional fertilization methods are mostly one-time fertilization or extensive topdressing, which has low nutrient utilization rate and is easy to cause nutrient loss, especially nitrogen volatilization and phosphorus fixation, resulting in fertilizer waste and environmental pollution.

[0007] (4) Poor crop quality: Due to unbalanced nutrient supply and deteriorating soil environment, traditional fertilization methods often fail to ensure crop quality, especially when the nutrient content of tubers or roots is low.

[0008] In view of the above problems, although there are some improved fertilization methods in the prior art, such as increasing the application of organic fertilizers and using drip irrigation, these methods often lack systematicity and pertinence, and it is difficult to achieve high yield and high quality of crops under specific climate and soil conditions such as the cold mountainous areas in northern Hebei. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop a new fertilization method suitable for underground rhizomes, which can improve soil structure, increase nutrient utilization, promote crop growth and improve quality. Summary of the invention

[0009] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a fertilization method suitable for underground rhizome crops, so as to improve the soil of the planting site and further increase the crop yield and quality.

[0010] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0011] A fertilization method suitable for underground rhizomes, comprising the following steps:

[0012] Base fertilizer: biological organic fertilizer and N-P2O5-K2O compound fertilizer with a ratio of 15-15-15;

[0013] Topdressing during the seedling stage and tuber / root formation stage: compound fertilizer with a N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 20-12-20 and compound fertilizer containing medium and trace elements and humic acid;

[0014] Top dressing during the tuber / root enlargement period: compound fertilizer with a N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 20-12-20, compound fertilizer with a N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 12-6-40, compound fertilizer with a N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 10-6-35 and mineral potassium humate.

[0015] Preferably, the base fertilizer is 50-70 kg / mu of biological organic fertilizer and 70-75 kg / mu of compound fertilizer with a N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 15-15-15.

[0016] Preferably, the underground root crops include underground tuber crops such as potatoes, and underground root crops such as carrots and radishes.

[0017] More preferably, when the crop is an underground tuber crop, the seedling stage and tuber formation stage also include the application of mineral potassium humate.

[0018] More preferably, when the crop is an underground tuber crop, the topdressing method and amount are as follows:

[0019] (1) Topdressing during the seedling stage:

[0020] For the first topdressing, apply 6-10kg / mu of N-P2O5-K2O compound fertilizer with a ratio of 20-12-20, 500-800g / mu of mineral potassium humate, and 5-7kg / mu of compound fertilizer containing medium and trace elements and humic acid;

[0021] After 7 days, apply 5-8kg / mu of compound fertilizer with a ratio of N-P2O5-K2O of 20-12-20, 400-500g / mu of potassium humate from mineral sources, and 3-5kg / mu of compound fertilizer containing medium and trace elements and humic acid;

[0022] After another 10 days, apply N-P2O5-K2O compound fertilizer with a ratio of 20-12-20 at 6-10 kg / mu and mineral potassium humate at 300-500 g / mu;

[0023] (2) Topdressing during tuber formation period:

[0024] Apply N-P2O5-K2O with a ratio of 20-12-20 compound fertilizer 5-7kg / mu, mineral potassium humate 300-500g / mu, and compound fertilizer containing medium and trace elements and humic acid 2-5kg / mu;

[0025] (3) Topdressing during tuber enlargement period:

[0026] Apply 5-7kg / mu of compound fertilizer with a ratio of N-P2O5-K2O of 12-6-40, 2-5kg / mu of compound fertilizer with a ratio of N-P2O5-K2O of 10-6-35, and 300-500g / mu of potassium humate from mineral sources;

[0027] After 7 days, apply 5-7kg of compound fertilizer with a ratio of N-P2O5-K2O of 12-6-40, 2-5kg / mu of compound fertilizer with a ratio of N-P2O5-K2O of 10-6-35, and 300-500g / mu of potassium humate from mineral sources;

[0028] After another 7 days, apply 5-7kg / mu of N-P2O5-K2O compound fertilizer with a ratio of 20-12-20 and 500-800g / mu of mineral potassium humate.

[0029] Preferably, when the crop is an underground root crop, the root expansion period also includes applying a compound fertilizer containing medium and trace elements and humic acid.

[0030] More preferably, when the crop is an underground root crop, the topdressing method and amount are as follows:

[0031] (1) Topdressing during the seedling stage:

[0032] After emergence, apply 5-8kg / mu of N-P2O5-K2O compound fertilizer with a ratio of 20-12-20, 3-5kg / mu of compound fertilizer containing medium and trace elements and humic acid;

[0033] (2) Topdressing during the root formation period:

[0034] Apply 10-12kg / mu of N-P2O5-K2O compound fertilizer with a ratio of 20-12-20, 5-7kg / mu of compound fertilizer containing medium and trace elements and humic acid;

[0035] (3) Topdressing during the root expansion period:

[0036] Apply 10-12kg / mu of N-P2O5-K2O compound fertilizer with a ratio of 20-12-20, 5-7kg / mu of compound fertilizer containing medium and trace elements and humic acid;

[0037] After 15 days, apply 10-12kg / mu of compound fertilizer with a N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 12-6-40, 5-8kg / mu of compound fertilizer with a N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 10-6-35, and 300-500g / mu of mineral potassium humate.

[0038] Preferably, the fertilizers are all water-soluble fertilizers and are applied with water.

[0039] Preferably, during the cultivation of the underground rhizome crops, 50-80 g / mu of foliar fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and humic acid is sprayed each time the pesticide is applied.

[0040] Preferably, the fertilization method is suitable for the cold mountainous areas in northern Hebei.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0042] (1) Improve soil structure: By applying biological organic fertilizers and compound fertilizers containing medium and trace elements and humic acid, soil nutrients can be balanced, the content of soil organic matter can be effectively increased, the soil structure can be improved, the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer can be enhanced, the reproduction and activity of soil microorganisms can be promoted, and the soil's nutrient supply capacity can be improved.

[0043] (2) Improving nutrient utilization rate: The present invention adopts a staged topdressing method combined with drip irrigation technology, which can accurately regulate the supply of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements according to the nutrient demand characteristics of crops in different growth stages, avoid nutrient waste and environmental pollution, and significantly improve fertilizer utilization rate.

[0044] (3) Promoting crop growth: Through scientifically proportioned base fertilizer and topdressing, the present invention can effectively promote the root development, tuber or root formation and expansion of underground rhizome crops, and significantly increase the yield and commercial rate of crops.

[0045] (4) Improving crop quality: The present invention can significantly improve the quality of crops by rationally applying mineral potassium humate, compound fertilizers containing medium and trace elements and humic acid, such as increasing the dry matter, crude protein and starch content of potatoes, and increasing the soluble solids, vitamin C and β-carotene content of carrots, thereby improving the nutritional value and market competitiveness of crops.

[0046] (5) Strong adaptability: The fertilization method of the present invention is particularly suitable for areas with harsh climatic conditions such as the cold mountainous areas in northern Hebei. It can effectively cope with adverse factors such as poor soil and cold climate, and achieve high yield and high quality of crops.

[0047] Therefore, the present invention can not only improve the soil and increase the nutrient utilization rate through a systematic fertilization scheme, but also significantly promote the growth and quality improvement of underground rhizome crops, and has broad application prospects and economic benefits. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The present invention provides a fertilization method applicable to underground rhizome crops. The fertilization method is preferably applicable to the cold and cool mountainous areas in northern Hebei Province, and is further preferably applicable to the cultivation of potatoes and carrots in the cold and cool mountainous areas in northern Hebei Province.

[0049] When the crop is an underground tuber crop, preferably potatoes, the fertilization method is as follows:

[0050] (1) Base fertilizer:

[0051] Apply base fertilizer before planting potatoes. Although potatoes have not started to grow in large quantities at this stage, the basic nutrient reserves for the entire subsequent growth cycle depend on base fertilizer. Potato growth requires a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to build the plant body, promote root development and accumulate energy for subsequent tuber formation.

[0052] The present invention applies 50-70kg / mu of biological organic fertilizer, more preferably 60kg / mu. The biological organic fertilizer contains abundant beneficial microorganisms, which can improve soil structure, increase soil permeability and water retention, promote the conversion and release of nutrients in the soil, and create a good soil environment for potato growth. At the same time, 70-75kg / mu of composite fertilizer with a N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 15-15-15 is applied, more preferably 72.5kg / mu. This balanced composite fertilizer ratio can provide comprehensive and appropriate nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients for potato in the initial growth, meeting the basic needs of its germination, rooting and seedling growth.

[0053] (2) Topdressing during the seedling stage:

[0054] First topdressing:

[0055] The potato seedling stage is a period of rapid growth of the root system and the aboveground parts. Adequate nitrogen is needed to promote the growth of stems and leaves and build a strong plant body. At the same time, an appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium are also needed to promote root development and enhance the plant's resistance to stress.

[0056] The present invention applies 6-10kg / mu, more preferably 8kg / mu, of compound fertilizer with a N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 20-12-20 for the first topdressing. The higher nitrogen content can meet the large demand for nitrogen for stem and leaf growth in the seedling stage; the appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium is conducive to root growth and enhances plant resistance. 500-800g / mu, more preferably 650g / mu of mineral potassium humate can improve the effectiveness of nutrients in the soil, promote the absorption of nutrients by the roots, and enhance the vitality of the plants. 5-7kg / mu, more preferably 6kg / mu of compound fertilizer containing medium and trace elements and humic acid. Although the demand for medium and trace elements such as iron, manganese, zinc, etc. is small, they play a key role in the growth and development of potatoes. Humic acid can improve soil structure and increase soil fertility.

[0057] Top dressing after 7 days:

[0058] After the first topdressing, the growth rate of potatoes is accelerated, and the demand for nutrients continues to increase. At this time, topdress again, apply 5-8kg / mu of compound fertilizer with a N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 20-12-20, more preferably 6.5kg / mu, to continue to provide sufficient nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients for the plants to meet their needs for rapid growth. 400-500g / mu of mineral potassium humate, more preferably 450g / mu, continuously improve the soil environment and improve nutrient utilization. 3-5kg / mu of compound fertilizer containing medium and trace elements and humic acid, more preferably 4kg / mu, supplement medium and trace elements to maintain the normal physiological functions of the plants.

[0059] Apply fertilizer 10 days later:

[0060] As the seedling stage progresses, the potato plants continue to grow and the consumption of nutrients further increases. This time, 6-10kg / mu of compound fertilizer with a ratio of N-P2O5-K2O of 20-12-20 is applied, preferably 8kg / mu, to ensure that the plants have enough nutrients to support their growth. 300-500g / mu of mineral potassium humate, preferably 400g / mu, continues to promote the absorption and utilization of nutrients by the roots.

[0061] (3) Topdressing during tuber formation period:

[0062] The potato tuber formation period is a critical period that determines the number and size of tubers. At this time, the plant's demand for phosphorus and potassium increases to promote the formation and development of tubers; at the same time, a certain amount of nitrogen is also needed to maintain plant growth.

[0063] The present invention applies 5-7kg / mu, more preferably 6kg / mu, of compound fertilizer with a N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 20-12-20 to provide appropriate nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients. 300-500g / mu, more preferably 400g / mu of mineral potassium humate promotes the transportation and accumulation of nutrients to tubers. 2-5kg / mu, more preferably 3.5kg / mu of compound fertilizer containing medium and trace elements and humic acid supplements medium and trace elements to ensure normal physiological metabolism during tuber formation.

[0064] (4) Topdressing during tuber enlargement period:

[0065] First topdressing:

[0066] During the tuber expansion period, potatoes need a large amount of potassium to promote the expansion of the tubers. At the same time, they also need a certain amount of nitrogen and phosphorus to maintain the growth and metabolism of the plants.

[0067] The present invention applies 5-7kg / mu of compound fertilizer with a N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 12-6-40, preferably 6kg / mu, and the high potassium content can meet the large potassium demand of tuber expansion. 2-5kg / mu of compound fertilizer with a N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 10-6-35, preferably 3.5kg / mu, further supplements potassium and appropriate amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus. 300-500g / mu of mineral potassium humate, preferably 400g / mu, promotes the absorption and accumulation of nutrients by tubers.

[0068] Top dressing after 7 days:

[0069] At this time, the tubers are still expanding rapidly and continue to need a large amount of potassium. Apply 5-7kg of compound fertilizer with a N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 12-6-40, preferably 6kg / mu, 2-5kg / mu of compound fertilizer with a N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 10-6-35, preferably 3.5kg / mu, and 300-500g / mu of mineral potassium humate, preferably 400g / mu, to ensure sufficient potassium supply during the tuber expansion process.

[0070] Apply fertilizer 7 days later:

[0071] At this time, in the late stage of tuber expansion, certain nutrients are still needed to maintain the physiological functions of the plant and promote the further enrichment of the tuber. Apply 5-7kg / mu of compound fertilizer with a N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 20-12-20, preferably 6kg / mu, to provide comprehensive nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients. Mineral potassium humate 500-800g / mu, preferably 650g / mu, enhances the plant's resistance to stress and promotes the accumulation of tuber nutrients.

[0072] When the crop is an underground root crop, preferably carrots, the fertilization method is as follows:

[0073] (1) The method and amount of base fertilizer application are the same as those for the above-mentioned underground tuber crops.

[0074] (2) Topdressing during the seedling stage:

[0075] After carrots emerge, they enter a rapid growth stage and need sufficient nitrogen to promote leaf growth and increase the photosynthesis area; at the same time, they also need an appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium to promote root development.

[0076] The present invention applies 5-8kg / mu, preferably 6.5kg / mu, of compound fertilizer with a N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 20-12-20 to provide sufficient nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients. 3-5kg / mu, preferably 4kg / mu, of compound fertilizer containing medium and trace elements and humic acid to supplement medium and trace elements and promote healthy growth of plants.

[0077] (3) Topdressing during the root formation period:

[0078] The carrot tuber formation period is a critical period for determining the number and size of tubers. At this time, the plant's demand for phosphorus and potassium increases to promote the formation and development of tubers; at the same time, a certain amount of nitrogen is also needed to maintain plant growth.

[0079] The present invention applies 10-12 kg / mu, preferably 11 kg / mu, of compound fertilizer with a N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 20-12-20, to provide appropriate amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients. 5-7 kg / mu, preferably 6 kg / mu, of compound fertilizer containing medium and trace elements and humic acid is used to supplement medium and trace elements to ensure normal physiological metabolism during tuber formation.

[0080] (4) Topdressing during the root expansion period:

[0081] First topdressing:

[0082] During the root expansion period, carrots need a large amount of potassium to promote the expansion of the tubers. At the same time, they also need a certain amount of nitrogen and phosphorus to maintain the growth and metabolism of the plants.

[0083] The present invention applies 10-12 kg / mu, preferably 11 kg / mu, of compound fertilizer with a N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 20-12-20, to provide comprehensive nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients. 5-7 kg / mu, preferably 6 kg / mu, of compound fertilizer containing medium and trace elements and humic acid is used to supplement medium and trace elements and promote the expansion of tuberous roots.

[0084] Top dressing after 15 days:

[0085] At this time, the tubers are still expanding rapidly, and the demand for potassium is more prominent. Apply 10-12kg / mu of compound fertilizer with a N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 12-6-40, more preferably 11kg / mu, 5-8kg / mu of compound fertilizer with a N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 10-6-35, more preferably 6.5kg / mu, and 300-500g / mu of mineral potassium humate, more preferably 400g / mu, to ensure sufficient potassium supply during the expansion of the tubers and promote the absorption and accumulation of nutrients by the tubers.

[0086] In the present invention, on the basis of the above-mentioned base fertilizer and topdressing, 50-80 g / mu of foliar fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and humic acid is preferably sprayed each time the pesticide is applied. Foliar fertilizer can be directly absorbed by the leaves to quickly supplement the nutrients required by the plants. Especially when the root absorption capacity is limited, foliar spraying can meet the nutrient needs of crop growth in a timely manner.

[0087] The fertilizers used in the present invention for topdressing are preferably water-soluble fertilizers, which are applied with water. Water-soluble fertilizers can be quickly dissolved in water, which is convenient for root absorption and improves fertilizer utilization.

[0088] The present invention does not specifically limit the specific sources of the fertilizers used, and all of them can be obtained through market channels. As an implementable method, the bio-organic fertilizer used in the present invention is "nuclear fusion", the compound fertilizers with N-P2O5-K2O ratios of 20-12-20 and 10-6-35 are different types of "TE Red Golden Dragon", the compound fertilizer containing trace elements and humic acid is "Xiao Neng Egg", the compound fertilizer with N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 12-6-40 is "TE Black Bullet", and the mineral source potassium humate are all produced and provided by Wuyisheng Company, and the above examples are non-restrictive.

[0089] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0090] Example 1

[0091] A fertilization method for potatoes in the cold mountainous areas of northern Hebei Province, comprising the following steps:

[0092] (1) Base fertilizer application

[0093] Apply 50 kg of bio-organic fertilizer (nuclear fusion) per mu, and 70 kg of compound fertilizer with N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 15-15-15.

[0094] (2) Topdressing during the seedling stage

[0095] Initial topdressing: 6kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer (TE Red Dragon) with a N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 20-12-20, 500g of mineral potassium humate, and 5kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer (Xiao Nengdan) containing medium and trace elements, humic acid and other nutrients per mu.

[0096] After 7 days: apply 5kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer (TE Red Golden Dragon) with a N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 20-12-20, 400g of mineral potassium humate, and 3kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer (Xiao Nengdan) containing medium and trace elements, humic acid and other nutrients per mu.

[0097] After another 10 days: apply 6 kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer (TE Red Golden Dragon) with a N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 20-12-20 per mu, and 300 g of mineral potassium humate.

[0098] (3) Topdressing during tuber formation

[0099] Per mu, apply 5kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer (TE Red Golden Dragon) with a N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 20-12-20, 300g of mineral potassium humate, and 2kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer (Xiao Nengdan) containing medium and trace elements, humic acid and other nutrients.

[0100] (4) Topdressing during tuber enlargement period

[0101] Apply 5kg of potassium nitrate type water-soluble compound fertilizer (TE Black Bullet) with N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 12-6-40, 2kg of potassium sulfate type water-soluble compound fertilizer (TE Red Golden Dragon) with N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 10-6-35, and 300g of mineral potassium humate per mu.

[0102] After 7 days: apply 5kg of potassium nitrate type water-soluble compound fertilizer (TE Black Bullet) with N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 12-6-40, 2kg of potassium sulfate type water-soluble compound fertilizer (TE Red Golden Dragon) with N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 10-6-35, and 300g of mineral potassium humate per mu.

[0103] After another 7 days: apply 5kg of potassium sulfate type water-soluble compound fertilizer (TE Red Golden Dragon) with N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 20-12-20 and 500g of mineral potassium humate per mu.

[0104] On this basis, 50g of foliar fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and humic acid is sprayed per mu each time the pesticide is applied.

[0105] Example 2

[0106] A fertilization method for potatoes in the cold mountainous areas of northern Hebei Province, comprising the following steps:

[0107] (1) Base fertilizer application

[0108] 60 kg of bio-organic fertilizer was applied per mu, and 72.5 kg of compound fertilizer with N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 15-15-15 was applied at the same time.

[0109] (2) Topdressing during the seedling stage

[0110] Initial topdressing: 8 kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer with a N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 20-12-20, 650 g of mineral potassium humate, and 6 kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer containing medium and trace elements, humic acid and other nutrients per mu.

[0111] After 7 days: apply 6.5kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer with a N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 20-12-20, 450g of mineral potassium humate, and 4kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer containing medium and trace elements, humic acid and other nutrients per mu.

[0112] After another 10 days: apply 8kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer with a N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 20-12-20 per mu, and 400g of mineral potassium humate.

[0113] (3) Topdressing during tuber formation

[0114] Per mu, apply 6 kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer with a N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 20-12-20, 400 g of mineral potassium humate, and 3.5 kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer containing medium and trace elements, humic acid and other nutrients.

[0115] (4) Topdressing during tuber enlargement period

[0116] Per mu, apply 6 kg of potassium nitrate type water-soluble compound fertilizer with N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 12-6-40, 3.5 kg of potassium sulfate type water-soluble compound fertilizer with N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 10-6-35, and 400 g of mineral potassium humate.

[0117] After 7 days: apply 6kg of potassium nitrate type water-soluble compound fertilizer with N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 12-6-40, 3.5kg of potassium sulfate type water-soluble compound fertilizer with N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 10-6-35, and 400g of mineral potassium humate per mu.

[0118] After another 7 days: apply 6kg of potassium sulfate type water-soluble compound fertilizer with N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 20-12-20 and 650g of mineral potassium humate per mu.

[0119] On this basis, 65g of foliar fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and humic acid is sprayed per mu each time the pesticide is applied.

[0120] Example 3

[0121] A fertilization method for potatoes in the cold mountainous areas of northern Hebei Province, comprising the following steps:

[0122] (1) Base fertilizer application

[0123] 70 kg of bio-organic fertilizer was applied per mu, and 75 kg of compound fertilizer with N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 15-15-15 was applied at the same time.

[0124] (2) Topdressing during the seedling stage

[0125] Initial topdressing: 10kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer with a N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 20-12-20, 800g of mineral potassium humate, and 7kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer containing medium and trace elements, humic acid and other nutrients per mu.

[0126] After 7 days: apply 8kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer with N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 20-12-20, 500g of mineral potassium humate, and 5kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer containing medium and trace elements, humic acid and other nutrients per mu.

[0127] After another 10 days: apply 10kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer with a N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 20-12-20 per mu, and 500g of mineral potassium humate.

[0128] (3) Topdressing during tuber formation

[0129] Per mu, apply 7 kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer with a N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 20-12-20, 500 g of mineral potassium humate, and 5 kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer containing medium and trace elements, humic acid and other nutrients.

[0130] (4) Topdressing during tuber enlargement period

[0131] Per mu, apply 7kg of potassium nitrate type water-soluble compound fertilizer with N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 12-6-40, 5kg of potassium sulfate type water-soluble compound fertilizer with N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 10-6-35, and 500g of mineral potassium humate.

[0132] After 7 days: apply 7kg of potassium nitrate type water-soluble compound fertilizer with N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 12-6-40, 5kg of potassium sulfate type water-soluble compound fertilizer with N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 10-6-35, and 500g of mineral potassium humate per mu.

[0133] After another 7 days: apply 7kg of potassium sulfate type water-soluble compound fertilizer with N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 20-12-20 and 800g of mineral potassium humate per mu.

[0134] On this basis, 80g of foliar fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, fulvic acid and humic acid nutrients is sprayed per mu each time the pesticide is applied.

[0135] Example 4

[0136] A fertilization method for carrots in the cold mountainous areas of northern Hebei Province, comprising the following steps:

[0137] (1) Base fertilizer application

[0138] Apply 50 kg of bio-organic fertilizer (nuclear fusion) per mu, and 70 kg of compound fertilizer with N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 15-15-15.

[0139] (2) Topdressing during the seedling stage

[0140] After the seedlings emerge, apply 5kg of potassium sulfate type water-soluble compound fertilizer (TE Red Golden Dragon) with N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 20-12-20 and 3kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer containing medium and trace elements, humic acid and other nutrients per mu.

[0141] (3) Topdressing during the tuber formation period

[0142] Apply 10kg of potassium sulfate type water-soluble compound fertilizer (TE Red Golden Dragon) with N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 20-12-20 and 5kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer containing medium and trace elements, humic acid and other nutrients per mu.

[0143] (4) Topdressing during the root expansion period

[0144] Apply 10kg of potassium sulfate type water-soluble compound fertilizer (TE Red Golden Dragon) with N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 20-12-20 and 5kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer containing medium and trace elements, humic acid and other nutrients per mu.

[0145] After 15 days: apply 10kg of potassium nitrate type water-soluble compound fertilizer (TE Black Bullet) with N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 12-6-40, 5kg of potassium sulfate type water-soluble compound fertilizer (TE Red Golden Dragon) with N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 10-6-35, and 300g of mineral potassium humate per mu.

[0146] On this basis, 50g of foliar fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and humic acid is sprayed per mu each time the pesticide is applied.

[0147] Example 5

[0148] A fertilization method for carrots in the cold mountainous areas of northern Hebei Province, comprising the following steps:

[0149] (1) Base fertilizer application

[0150] 60 kg of bio-organic fertilizer was applied per mu, and 72.5 kg of compound fertilizer with N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 15-15-15 was applied at the same time.

[0151] (2) Topdressing during the seedling stage

[0152] After emergence, apply 6.5 kg of potassium sulfate type water-soluble compound fertilizer with N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 20-12-20 and 4 kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer containing medium and trace elements, humic acid and other nutrients per mu.

[0153] (3) Topdressing during the tuber formation period

[0154] Apply 11kg of potassium sulfate type water-soluble compound fertilizer with N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 20-12-20 and 6kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer containing medium and trace elements, humic acid and other nutrients per mu.

[0155] (4) Topdressing during the root expansion period

[0156] Apply 11kg of potassium sulfate type water-soluble compound fertilizer with N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 20-12-20 and 6kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer containing medium and trace elements, humic acid and other nutrients per mu.

[0157] After 15 days: apply 11kg of potassium nitrate type water-soluble compound fertilizer with N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 12-6-40, 6.5kg of potassium sulfate type water-soluble compound fertilizer with N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 10-6-35, and 400g of mineral potassium humate per mu.

[0158] On this basis, 65g of foliar fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and humic acid is sprayed per mu each time the pesticide is applied.

[0159] Example 6

[0160] A fertilization method for carrots in the cold mountainous areas of northern Hebei Province, comprising the following steps:

[0161] (1) Base fertilizer application

[0162] 70 kg of bio-organic fertilizer was applied per mu, and 75 kg of compound fertilizer with N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 15-15-15 was applied at the same time.

[0163] (2) Topdressing during the seedling stage

[0164] After emergence, apply 8 kg of potassium sulfate type water-soluble compound fertilizer with N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 20-12-20 and 5 kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer containing medium and trace elements, humic acid and other nutrients per mu.

[0165] (3) Topdressing during the tuber formation period

[0166] Apply 12kg of potassium sulfate type water-soluble compound fertilizer with N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 20-12-20 and 7kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer containing medium and trace elements, humic acid and other nutrients per mu.

[0167] (4) Topdressing during the root expansion period

[0168] Apply 12kg of potassium sulfate type water-soluble compound fertilizer with N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 20-12-20 and 7kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer containing medium and trace elements, humic acid and other nutrients per mu.

[0169] After 15 days: apply 12kg of potassium nitrate type water-soluble compound fertilizer with N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 12-6-40, 8kg of potassium sulfate type water-soluble compound fertilizer with N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 10-6-35, and 500g of mineral potassium humate per mu.

[0170] On this basis, 80g of foliar fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and humic acid is sprayed per mu each time the pesticide is applied.

[0171] Example 7

[0172] Two fertilization methods were used to study the effects of different fertilization methods on the nutrient content, soil enzyme and microbial content, growth characteristics, yield and quality of potatoes.

[0173] The experimental variety was potato V7, and the experimental site was Chaoyangwan Village, Weichang Manchu and Mongolian Autonomous County, Chengde City, Hebei Province.

[0174] The control (CK) was the local conventional fertilization, and the fertilization method was as follows:

[0175] Base fertilizer: biological organic fertilizer, 100 kg / mu; compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 15-15-15) hole application, 70 kg / mu. Topdressing: (1) drip irrigation of high potassium water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 16-9-20) from the flowering period, 15 kg / mu;

[0176] (2) After 15 days, drip irrigation was applied with 15 kg / mu of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 16-9-20); (3) After 15 days, drip irrigation was applied with 15 kg / mu of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 16-9-20); (4) After 15 days, drip irrigation was applied with 15 kg / mu of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 16-9-20).

[0177] Treatment 1 adopted the fertilization method of Example 2.

[0178] Measurement indicators and measurement methods:

[0179] (1) Soil nutrient content: Soil samples from 0–20 cm were collected on March 25 (background value before planting), May 7 (seedling stage), June 25 (flowering stage), August 15 (swelling stage), and September 11 (harvest stage) to measure soil pH (potentiometric method), total nitrogen content (Kjeldahl method), total phosphorus content (molybdenum antimony colorimetric method), available potassium content (flame photometry), effective phosphorus content (Olsen method), organic matter content (potassium dichromate oxidation method), total sulfur content (barium sulfate turbidimetry), calcium content, and magnesium content (atomic absorption spectrometry).

[0180] (2) Soil enzyme and microbial content: Determination of soil catalase (potassium permanganate titration method), urease (indigo blue colorimetric method), phosphatase (p-nitrophenyl phosphate method) and sucrase (3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method) as well as fungal and bacterial content (plate count method).

[0181] (3) Growth traits and yield: During the tuber expansion period, potato leaf area was measured (leaf area meter method); during the harvest period, 9 m2 Measure the production area, determine the yield (weighing method), single potato weight (weighing method) and commercial rate (visual method).

[0182] (4) Quality: Determine the dry matter (drying method), crude protein (Kjeldahl method) and starch (enzymatic method) contents of harvested potato tubers.

[0183] Test results:

[0184] As shown in Table 1, treatment 1 was superior to the control (CK) in multiple soil nutrient indicators. The total nitrogen content of treatment 1 at the seedling stage, flowering stage, bulking stage and harvest stage was higher than that of CK, indicating that the fertilization method of treatment 1 helps to increase the nitrogen supply in the soil. The available phosphorus content of treatment 1 at each growth period was significantly higher than that of CK, especially at the seedling stage and flowering stage, the available phosphorus content of treatment 1 was 36.5% and 25.0% higher than that of CK, respectively. The available potassium content of treatment 1 at the bulking stage and harvest stage was significantly higher than that of CK, indicating that the fertilization method of treatment 1 helps to increase the potassium supply in the soil. The organic matter content of treatment 1 at each growth period was higher than that of CK, indicating that the fertilization method of treatment 1 helps to increase the organic matter content of the soil and improve the soil structure. The calcium and magnesium contents in treatment 1 at all growth stages were higher than those in CK, indicating that the fertilization method of treatment 1 was helpful to increase the calcium and magnesium contents in the soil, provide more abundant secondary elements for potato growth, and meet the potato's demand for calcium and magnesium nutrients at different growth stages, which may have a positive effect on the physiological metabolism, quality and yield of potatoes.

[0185] Table 1 Effects of fertilization treatments on nutrient content of potato soil

[0186]

[0187] As shown in Table 2, treatment 1 was also superior to CK in terms of soil enzyme and microbial content. The catalase, urease and phosphatase contents of treatment 1 were higher than those of CK, indicating that the fertilization method of treatment 1 helped to promote the decomposition of soil organic matter and improve the conversion efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil. The fungal and bacterial contents of treatment 1 were higher than those of CK, indicating that the fertilization method of treatment 1 helped to promote the reproduction and activity of soil microorganisms and further improve the soil environment.

[0188] Table 2 Effects of fertilization treatments on potato soil enzyme and microbial content

[0189]

[0190] As shown in Table 3, treatment 1 was significantly superior to CK in terms of potato growth traits and yield. The yield of treatment 1 was 3981.99 kg / mu, 18.6% higher than 3357.23 kg / mu of CK. The weight of single potato in treatment 1 was 0.31 kg / piece, 40.9% higher than 0.22 kg / piece of CK. The leaf area index of treatment 1 was 7553.06, 24.2% higher than 6081.10 of CK. The commercial rate of treatment 1 was 86.32%, 32.1% higher than 65.30% of CK.

[0191] Table 3 Effects of fertilization treatments on potato growth traits and yield

[0192] index Yield kg / mu Single potato weight kg / piece <![CDATA[Leaf area mm 2 > Product rate % CK 3357.23 0.22 6081.10 65.30 Process 1 3981.99 0.31 7553.06 86.32

[0193] As shown in Table 4, treatment 1 was also superior to CK in terms of potato quality. The dry matter content of treatment 1 was 20.40%, 4.3% higher than CK's 19.55%. The crude protein content of treatment 1 was 2.25%, 10.3% higher than CK's 2.04%. The starch content of treatment 1 was 16.20%, 8.8% higher than CK's 14.89%.

[0194] Table 4 Effects of fertilization treatments on potato quality

[0195] index Dry matter content% Crude protein content% Starch content% CK 19.55 2.04 14.89 Process 1 20.40 2.25 16.20

[0196] Example 8

[0197] Two fertilization methods were used to study the effects of different fertilization methods on the soil nutrient content, soil enzyme and microbial content, growth characteristics, yield and quality of carrots.

[0198] The experimental variety is carrot Jinding No. 1, and the experimental site is Zhangjiawan Village, Weichang Manchu and Mongolian Autonomous County, Chengde City.

[0199] The control (CK) was the local conventional fertilization, and the fertilization method was as follows:

[0200] Base fertilizer: compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 15-15-15) 75kg / mu before sowing. Topdressing: (1) In the middle of seedling stage, drip irrigation of high potassium water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 6-8-40), 10kg / mu; (2) 2 weeks later, drip irrigation of high potassium water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 6-8-40), 10kg / mu; (3) 2 weeks later, drip irrigation of high potassium water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 6-8-40), 10kg / mu; (4) 2 weeks later, drip irrigation of high potassium water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 6-8-40), 10kg / mu.

[0201] Treatment 1 adopted the fertilization method of Example 5.

[0202] Measurement indicators and measurement methods:

[0203] (1) Soil nutrient content: Soil samples from 0–20 cm were collected on March 25 (background value before planting), May 7 (seedling stage), June 25 (flowering stage), July 10 (swelling stage), and July 19 (harvest stage) to measure soil pH, total nitrogen content, total phosphorus content, available potassium content, effective phosphorus content, organic matter content, total sulfur content, calcium content, and magnesium content.

[0204] (2) Soil enzyme and microbial content: Determination of soil catalase, urease, phosphatase and sucrase as well as fungi and bacteria content.

[0205] (3) Growth characteristics and yield: Harvest period, 11.7m 2 Measure the yield area, determine the average plant height, tuber length, tuber width (upper, middle and lower sections) and commercial rate.

[0206] (4) Quality: The soluble solids (refractometer method), vitamin C (2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol titration method) and β-carotene content (high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC) of the harvested carrot tubers were measured.

[0207] As shown in Table 5, treatment 1 was superior to the control (CK) in multiple soil nutrient indicators. The total nitrogen content of treatment 1 at the seedling stage, flowering stage, bulking stage and harvest stage was higher than that of CK, indicating that the fertilization method of treatment 1 was helpful to improve the nitrogen supply in the soil. The available phosphorus content of treatment 1 at each growth period was significantly higher than that of CK, especially at the seedling stage and flowering stage, the available phosphorus content of treatment 1 was 60.3% and 66.8% higher than that of CK, respectively. The available potassium content of treatment 1 at the seedling stage and bulking stage was significantly higher than that of CK, indicating that the fertilization method of treatment 1 was helpful to improve the potassium supply in the soil. The organic matter content of treatment 1 at each growth period was higher than that of CK, indicating that the fertilization method of treatment 1 was helpful to improve the organic matter content of soil and improve soil structure. The calcium content and magnesium content of treatment 1 from flowering stage to harvest stage were higher than those of CK, indicating that the fertilization method of treatment 1 was helpful to increase the content of calcium and magnesium in the soil, provide more abundant middle elements for carrot growth, meet the needs of carrot for calcium and magnesium nutrients at different growth stages, and thus have a positive effect on the physiological metabolism, quality and yield of carrot.

[0208] Table 5 Effects of fertilization treatments on nutrient content in carrot soil

[0209]

[0210] As shown in Table 6, treatment 1 was also superior to CK in terms of soil enzyme activity and microbial community activity. The catalase activity of treatment 1 was significantly higher than that of CK, indicating that the fertilization method of treatment 1 helped to improve the redox capacity of the soil. The urease activity of treatment 1 was slightly higher than that of CK, indicating that the fertilization method of treatment 1 helped to improve the conversion efficiency of nitrogen in the soil. The phosphatase activity of treatment 1 was slightly higher than that of CK, indicating that the fertilization method of treatment 1 helped to improve the conversion efficiency of phosphorus in the soil. The fungal and bacterial activities of treatment 1 were both higher than those of CK, indicating that the fertilization method of treatment 1 helped to promote the reproduction and activity of soil microorganisms and further improve the soil environment.

[0211] Table 6 Effects of fertilization treatments on soil enzyme and microbial content in carrots

[0212]

[0213] As shown in Table 7, treatment 1 was significantly better than CK in terms of growth traits and yield of carrots. The yield of treatment 1 was 5775 kg / mu, 12.3% higher than CK's 5141 kg / mu. The average plant height and tuber length of treatment 1 were slightly higher than CK. The tuber width of treatment 1 was significantly higher than CK in the upper, middle and lower sections, indicating that the fertilization method of treatment 1 helped promote the uniform expansion of carrot tubers. The commercial rate of treatment 1 was 87.8%, 9.9% higher than CK's 79.91%.

[0214] Table 7 Effects of fertilization treatments on carrot growth traits and yield

[0215]

[0216] As shown in Table 8, treatment 1 was also superior to CK in terms of carrot quality. Although there was no difference in soluble solids content between treatment 1 and CK, the vitamin C content of treatment 1 was 6.62 mg / 100 g, which was 49.1% higher than that of CK (4.44 mg / 100 g), and the β-carotene content of treatment 1 was 4.11 mg / 100 g, which was 42.7% higher than that of CK (2.88 mg / 100 g).

[0217] Table 8 Effects of fertilization treatments on carrot quality

[0218] index Soluble solid content% Vitamin C content mg / 100g β-carotene content mg / 100g CK 7.8 4.44 2.88 Process 1 7.8 6.62 4.11

[0219] By comparing the test results of Example 7 and Example 8, it can be clearly seen that the fertilization method of Treatment 1 is superior to the control (CK) in terms of soil nutrient content, soil enzyme and microbial content, crop growth traits, yield and quality. The fertilization method of Treatment 1 not only improves the nutrient supply capacity of the soil, but also promotes the growth and yield of crops, and significantly improves the quality of crops. Therefore, the fertilization method of Treatment 1 is a more efficient and scientific fertilization method, which is suitable for the cultivation of underground rhizomes.

[0220] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fertilization method suitable for underground rhizomes, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Base fertilizer: biological organic fertilizer and N-P2O5-K2O compound fertilizer with a ratio of 15-15-15; Topdressing during the seedling stage and tuber / root formation stage: compound fertilizer with a N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 20-12-20 and compound fertilizer containing medium and trace elements and humic acid; Top dressing during the tuber / root enlargement period: compound fertilizer with a N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 20-12-20, compound fertilizer with a N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 12-6-40, compound fertilizer with a N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 10-6-35 and mineral potassium humate.

2. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base fertilizer is 50-70 kg / mu of biological organic fertilizer and 70-75 kg / mu of compound fertilizer with a N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 15-15-15.

3. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The underground root crops include underground tuber crops such as potatoes, and underground root crops such as carrots and radishes.

4. The fertilization method according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the crop is an underground tuber crop, the seedling stage and tuber formation stage also include applying mineral potassium humate.

5. The fertilization method according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the crops are underground tuber crops, the topdressing method and amount are as follows: (1) Topdressing during the seedling stage: For the first topdressing, apply 6-10kg / mu of N-P2O5-K2O compound fertilizer with a ratio of 20-12-20, 500-800g / mu of mineral potassium humate, and 5-7kg / mu of compound fertilizer containing medium and trace elements and humic acid; After 7 days, apply 5-8kg / mu of compound fertilizer with a ratio of N-P2O5-K2O of 20-12-20, 400-500g / mu of potassium humate from mineral sources, and 3-5kg / mu of compound fertilizer containing medium and trace elements and humic acid; After another 10 days, apply N-P2O5-K2O compound fertilizer with a ratio of 20-12-20 at 6-10 kg / mu and mineral potassium humate at 300-500 g / mu; (2) Topdressing during tuber formation period: Apply N-P2O5-K2O with a ratio of 20-12-20 compound fertilizer 5-7kg / mu, mineral potassium humate 300-500g / mu, and compound fertilizer containing medium and trace elements and humic acid 2-5kg / mu; (3) Topdressing during tuber expansion period: Apply 5-7kg / mu of compound fertilizer with a ratio of N-P2O5-K2O of 12-6-40, 2-5kg / mu of compound fertilizer with a ratio of N-P2O5-K2O of 10-6-35, and 300-500g / mu of potassium humate from mineral sources; After 7 days, apply 5-7kg / mu of compound fertilizer with a ratio of N-P2O5-K2O of 12-6-40, 2-5kg / mu of compound fertilizer with a ratio of N-P2O5-K2O of 10-6-35, and 300-500g / mu of potassium humate from mineral sources; After another 7 days, apply 5-7kg / mu of N-P2O5-K2O compound fertilizer with a ratio of 20-12-20 and 500-800g / mu of mineral potassium humate.

6. The fertilization method according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the crop is an underground root crop, the root expansion period also includes applying compound fertilizer containing medium and trace elements and humic acid.

7. The fertilization method according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the crops are underground root crops, the topdressing method and amount are as follows: (1) Topdressing during the seedling stage: After emergence, apply 5-8kg / mu of N-P2O5-K2O compound fertilizer with a ratio of 20-12-20, 3-5kg / mu of compound fertilizer containing medium and trace elements and humic acid; (2) Topdressing during the root formation period: Apply 10-12kg / mu of N-P2O5-K2O compound fertilizer with a ratio of 20-12-20, 5-7kg / mu of compound fertilizer containing medium and trace elements and humic acid; (3) Topdressing during the root expansion period: Apply 10-12kg / mu of N-P2O5-K2O compound fertilizer with a ratio of 20-12-20, 5-7kg / mu of compound fertilizer containing medium and trace elements and humic acid; After 15 days, apply 10-12kg / mu of compound fertilizer with a N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 12-6-40, 5-8kg / mu of compound fertilizer with a N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 10-6-35, and 300-500g / mu of mineral potassium humate.

8. The fertilization method according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that: The fertilizers are all water-soluble fertilizers and are applied with water.

9. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the cultivation of the underground rhizome crops, 50-80 g / mu of foliar fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and humic acid is sprayed each time the pesticide is applied.

10. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilization method is suitable for the cold mountainous areas in northern Hebei.

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