Simplified open-air planting method for stropharia rugoso-annulata

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mushroom planting, in particular to a simplified open-air planting method for stropharia rugoso-annulata, which comprises the following steps: step S1, soil preparation; s2, straw pre-fermentation, wherein straw is pre-fermented, and a culture material is obtained; step S3, material spreading: spreading the fermented material in the step S2 on the land, and ridging; step S4: inoculating; stropharia rugoso-annulata is inoculated to the ridges in the step S3, double-layer hole sowing is adopted, sowing is conducted at the position about 15 cm away from the ground, sowing is conducted at the position about 8 cm away from the material surface, and the ridge height is 25-30 cm after sowing is conducted, and S5, aftertreatment is conducted, specifically, the ridge surfaces obtained after the step S4 are covered with straw moisturizing layers and soil covering layers in a staggered mode; and step S6: fruiting treatment. Compared with the prior art, the stropharia rugoso-annulata planting method is simpler and easier to implement and extensive in investment and management, the yield of the stropharia rugoso-annulata is not reduced too much, the method is suitable for the situation that the rural land area is small and scattered, the risk of farmers is reduced, and popularization and implementation are facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mushroom cultivation, and in particular to a light and simplified open-air cultivation method of Stropharia rugosa. Background Art

[0002] The Central Plains region spans from north to south, with most of it in the warm temperate zone. The southern part spans the subtropics, and has a continental monsoon climate that is a transition from the northern subtropics to the warm temperate zone. The average annual temperature is 12.9-16.5℃, and the average annual frost-free period is 208.7-290.2 days. The four distinct seasons, with rain and heat occurring at the same time, are suitable for the growth of crops, especially for continuous cropping of mushrooms and crops, in order to save land and increase economic benefits.

[0003] In addition to considering factors such as climate and rotation plant selection when rotating mushrooms and crops, the actual land conditions must also be considered. In the prior art, mushrooms need to be covered with boron for insulation in winter and covered with shade in spring. The relatively complex planting method not only requires a large investment of manpower and material resources, but is also prone to reduced production or even total crop failure due to improper settings. Farmers have poor risk resistance, so many farmers will give up the rotation method and cannot make full use of the land to improve economic benefits.

[0004] Therefore, how to simplify mushroom cultivation, reduce the impact of objective factors, and promote the development of rotation models has become a major obstacle to the rotation of mushrooms and crops. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a light and simplified open-air cultivation method of Stropharia rugosotis.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in this application to solve this technical problem is:

[0007] A light and simplified open-air cultivation method of Stropharia rugosa comprises the following steps:

[0008] Step S1: land preparation;

[0009] Step S2: pre-fermentation of straw: pre-fermenting the straw to obtain culture medium;

[0010] Step S3: Spreading the fermented material in step S2 on the land to form ridges with a ridge width of 40 cm to 60 cm and a ridge spacing of 60 cm to 80 cm;

[0011] Step S4: inoculation; inoculate the stropharia on the ridges of step S3, the amount of the strain is 200±10kg per mu, double-layer acupuncture sowing is adopted, sowing is about 15cm from the ground, sowing is about 8cm from the surface of the material, and the ridge height after sowing is 25cm~30cm,

[0012] Step S5: post-processing: alternately covering the ridge surface after step S4 with a straw moisture-retaining layer and a covering soil layer;

[0013] Step S6: mushroom production process.

[0014] Furthermore, the culture medium of the giant puffball mushroom comprises: 55% corn stalks, 30% corn cobs, 5% rice bran, 8% bran, and 2% lime; the wheat stalks are used for heat preservation and shading and moisture retention.

[0015] Furthermore, in the culture medium of the Stropharia officinalis, corn cobs are crushed to 1.5 cm to 3 cm, and corn stalks are crushed to 10 cm to 20 cm.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S2, the straw pre-fermentation is carried out by open-air pile fermentation or tank-type fermentation.

[0017] Furthermore, the straw pre-fermentation steps are as follows: corn straw, corn cobs and rice bran are selected, crushed and sprayed with water to pre-wet to a moisture content of 70% to 75%, when the material temperature rises to above 65°C, the pile is turned for 24 hours, fermented for 8d to 12d, and turned 3 to 4 times; bran and lime are added as auxiliary materials during the second turning of the pile, and 1‰ cypermethrin is sprayed during the third turning of the pile.

[0018] Furthermore, when fermentation is completed, the water content of the culture medium is about 60% to 65%, the pH is 6.0 to 7.0, and the C / N is 44 to 48:1.

[0019] Furthermore, the amount of the culture medium of the Stropharia capillaris is 1.5×10 5 kg / hm2.

[0020] Furthermore, in step S2, the thickness of the straw moisturizing layer is 3-5 cm, the thickness of the covering soil layer is 2-3 cm, and the number of layers of the straw moisturizing layer and the covering soil layer are at least two.

[0021] Furthermore, after the harvest of the Stropharia officinalis is completed, the land is directly tilled and the mushroom residue is returned to the field in situ.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the method for growing Stropharia rugosa of the present invention is simpler and easier to implement, requires less investment, and requires less management, but the yield of Stropharia rugosa is not reduced too much. It is suitable for rural areas with small and scattered land areas, reduces the risks of farmers, and is conducive to promotion and implementation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is a real-life picture of a planting plot according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2It is a real picture of the planting plots of the second and third embodiments of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a real-life picture of the planting plots of the fourth and fifth embodiments of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0028] Overview of the test area:

[0029] The experiment was conducted at the Yucheng Experimental Base in Henan Province from 2020 to 2024. The soil type in the experimental area is tidal soil; the average annual temperature is about 14.1℃, the frost-free period is about 217 days, and the average annual precipitation is about 762mm. The precipitation is unevenly distributed throughout the year, mostly concentrated in summer (June-August). The climate is mild and the rainfall is abundant. It is a temperate monsoon climate. Figure 1 Shows the real scene during the crop rotation process of the present invention, taken in March 2024.

[0030] The organic matter content of the tested soil was 16.5 g·kg -1 , total nitrogen 0.94g·kg, available phosphorus 4.97mg·kg -1 , fast-acting potassium 129.01 mg kg -1 .

[0031] Embodiment 1: The method for growing the Stropharia officinalis is as follows:

[0032] Step S1: pre-fermentation of straw; corn straw, corn cob and rice bran are selected, crushed and mixed, and then sprayed with water to pre-wet to a water content of 70% to 75%, and open-air pile fermentation or tank engineering fermentation is adopted. When the material temperature rises to above 65°C, the compost is turned for 24 hours, and the fermentation is carried out for 8 to 12 days, and the compost is turned 3 to 4 times; bran and lime are added as auxiliary materials during the second compost turning, and 1‰ cypermethrin is sprayed during the third compost turning; when the fermentation is completed, the water content of the culture medium is about 65%, the pH is 6.0 to 7.0, and the C / N is 44 to 48:1.

[0033] Step S2: land preparation, material spreading, sowing, and soil covering; the land is leveled and made into furrows, and the material is spread into ridges, with a ridge width of 40cm to 60cm and a ridge spacing of 60cm to 80cm. The amount of fungus used is 200kg per mu, and double-layer acupuncture is used for sowing, sowing about 15cm from the ground and about 8cm from the material surface. After sowing, the ridge height is 25cm to 30cm. Figure 1As shown, a straw moisturizing layer and a covering soil layer are alternately covered on the ridge surface, wherein the moisturizing layer is made of short-cut wheat straw or corn straw, and the straw moisturizing layer and the covering soil layer alternately covered on the ridge surface are at least two layers of straw moisturizing layer and two layers of covering soil layer, wherein the straw moisturizing layer has a thickness of 3-5 cm, and the covering soil layer has a thickness of 2-3 cm.

[0034] Step S3: mushroom fruiting process; during the fruiting period, pay attention to water conservation and moisture retention; after the harvest of Stropharia officinalis is completed, the land is directly tilled and the mushroom residue is returned to the field in situ.

[0035] Embodiment 2: Step S1: pre-fermentation of straw; corn straw, corn cob and rice bran are selected, crushed and mixed, and then sprayed with water to pre-wet to a moisture content of 70% to 75%, and open-air pile fermentation or tank engineering fermentation is adopted. When the material temperature rises to above 65°C, the compost is turned for 24 hours, and the fermentation is carried out for 8d to 12d, and the compost is turned 3 to 4 times; bran and lime are added as auxiliary materials during the second compost turning, and 1‰ cypermethrin is sprayed during the third compost turning; when the fermentation is completed, the moisture content of the culture medium is about 65%, the pH is 6.0 to 7.0, and the C / N is 44 to 48:1.

[0036] Step S2: land preparation, material laying, sowing, and soil covering; the land is leveled and made into furrows, and the material is laid into ridges, with a ridge width of 40cm-60cm and a ridge spacing of 60cm-80cm. The amount of fungus used is 200kg per mu, and double-layer acupuncture is used for sowing, about 15cm from the ground and about 8cm from the ridge surface. After sowing, the ridge height is 25cm-30cm, and then the ridge surface is covered with soil. Figure 2 As shown, a simple plastic arch shed is built and covered with black plastic film.

[0037] Step S4: mushroom processing. During the mushroom production period, pay attention to using a temporary greenhouse covered with black nets for shade, water retention and moisture retention; after the harvest of the giant puffball is completed, the land can be directly tilled and prepared. Returning the mushroom residue as fertilizer is beneficial to increasing the organic carbon content in the soil and promoting the growth of cash crops.

[0038] Embodiment 3: Step S1: pre-fermentation of straw; corn straw, corn cob and rice bran are selected, crushed and mixed, and then sprayed with water to pre-wet to a moisture content of 70% to 75%, and open-air pile fermentation or tank engineering fermentation is adopted. When the material temperature rises to above 65°C, the compost is turned for 24 hours, and the fermentation is carried out for 8d to 12d, and the compost is turned 3 to 4 times; bran and lime are added as auxiliary materials during the second turning of the compost, and 1‰ cypermethrin is sprayed during the third turning of the compost; when the fermentation is completed, the moisture content of the culture medium is about 65%, the pH is 6.0 to 7.0, and the C / N is 44 to 48:1.

[0039] Step S2: land preparation, material laying, sowing, and soil covering; the land is leveled and made into furrows, and the material is laid into ridges, with a ridge width of 40cm-60cm and a ridge spacing of 60cm-80cm. The amount of fungus used is 200kg per mu, and double-layer acupuncture is used for sowing, about 15cm from the ground and about 8cm from the ridge surface. After sowing, the ridge height is 25cm-30cm, and then the ridge surface is covered with soil. Figure 2 As shown, a simple plastic arch shed is built and covered with blue plastic film.

[0040] Step S3: mushroom processing. During the mushroom production period, pay attention to using a temporary greenhouse covered with black nets for shade, water retention and moisture retention; after the harvest of the giant puffball is completed, the land can be directly tilled and prepared.

[0041] Embodiment 4: Step S1: Raw material preparation: corn stalks, corn cobs, wheat stalks, bran and lime are selected, crushed and then sprayed with water to pre-wet to a moisture content of about 65%.

[0042] Step S2: land preparation, material laying, sowing, and soil covering; the land is leveled and made into furrows, and the material is laid into ridges, with a ridge width of 40cm to 60cm and a ridge spacing of 60cm to 80cm. The amount of fungus used is 200kg per mu, and double-layer acupuncture sowing is adopted, sowing is about 15cm from the ground and about 8cm from the ridge surface. After sowing, the ridge height is 25cm to 30cm. Figure 3 As shown, a layer of soil is then placed on the ridge surface and covered with black plastic film.

[0043] Step S3: mushroom processing. During the mushroom production period, pay attention to using a temporary greenhouse covered with black nets for shade, water retention and moisture retention; after the harvest of the giant puffball is completed, the land can be directly tilled and prepared.

[0044] Embodiment 5: Step S1: Raw material preparation: corn stalks, corn cobs, wheat stalks, bran and lime are selected, crushed and then sprayed with water to pre-wet to a moisture content of about 65%.

[0045] Step S2: land preparation, material laying, sowing, and soil covering; the land is leveled and made into furrows, and the material is laid into ridges, with a ridge width of 40cm to 60cm and a ridge spacing of 60cm to 80cm. The amount of fungus used is 200kg per mu, and double-layer acupuncture sowing is adopted, sowing is about 15cm from the ground and about 8cm from the ridge surface. After sowing, the ridge height is 25cm to 30cm. Figure 3 As shown, cover the ridge surface with soil.

[0046] Step S3: mushroom processing. During the mushroom production period, pay attention to using a temporary greenhouse covered with black nets for shade, water retention and moisture retention; after the harvest of the giant puffball is completed, the land can be directly tilled and prepared.

[0047] Table 4: Time and yield of non-planting management method

[0048] Example Sowing time Time for mycelium to cover the surface of the material Mushrooming time <![CDATA[Yield (jin / 333m 2 ) <!-- 3 -->]]> Embodiment 1 November 7 March 15 March 30 2974 Embodiment 2 November 7 March 2 March 17 3498 Embodiment 3 November 7 March 20 March 30 1260 Embodiment 4 November 7 March 20 April 1 1465 Embodiment 5 November 7 March 28 April 4 1356

[0049] Table 5: Appearance characteristics of Stropharia officinalis harvested in different embodiments

[0050]

[0051]

[0052] Table 6: Quality analysis of Stropharia officinalis harvested from different examples

[0053]

[0054]

[0055] From the comparison of the data in the above table, it can be seen that in Examples 4 and 5, since the raw materials are not pre-fermented, there may be post-fermentation and difficulty in degradation, resulting in poor mycelium growth. In Example 3, since a blue plastic film is used with strong light transmittance, the daily temperature difference in the soil is large, which affects the mycelium growth, and the final yield and properties are poor.

[0056] The planting effect of Example 2 is the best, with early mushroom production, high yield and good quality, but the data of Example 1 and Example 2 are not much different, and Example 1 can streamline the planting procedures, carry out extensive management, reduce cost expenditure, reduce the risks of farmers, and is more suitable for farmers to plant, and has a more positive promotion effect.

[0057] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

Claims

1. A simplified outdoor cultivation method of Stropharia rugosodium, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1: land preparation; Step S2: pre-fermentation of straw: pre-fermenting the straw to obtain culture medium; Step S3: Spreading the fermented material in step S2 on the land to form ridges with a ridge width of 40 cm to 60 cm and a ridge spacing of 60 cm to 80 cm; Step S4: inoculation; inoculate the stropharia on the ridges of step S3, the amount of the strain is 200±10kg per mu, double-layer acupuncture sowing is adopted, sowing is about 15cm from the ground, sowing is about 8cm from the surface of the material, and the ridge height after sowing is 25cm~30cm, Step S5: post-processing: alternately covering the ridge surface after step S4 with a straw moisture-retaining layer and a covering soil layer; Step S6: mushroom production process.

2. The simplified outdoor cultivation method of Stropharia rugosa according to claim 1, characterized in that: The culture medium of the giant puffball mushroom comprises: 55% corn stalks, 30% corn cobs, 5% rice bran, 8% bran and 2% lime.

3. The simplified outdoor cultivation method of Stropharia rugosa according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the culture medium of the Stropharia officinalis, the corn cobs are crushed to 1.5 cm to 3 cm, and the corn stalks are crushed to 10 cm to 20 cm.

4. The simplified outdoor cultivation method of Stropharia rugosa according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the straw pre-fermentation adopts open-air pile fermentation or tank engineering fermentation.

5. The simplified outdoor cultivation method of Stropharia rugosa according to claim 2, characterized in that: The steps of straw pre-fermentation are as follows: select corn straw, corn cobs and rice bran, crush them and spray water to pre-wet them to a moisture content of 70% to 75%. When the material temperature rises to above 65°C, turn the pile for 24 hours, ferment for 8 to 12 days, and turn the pile 3 to 4 times. Add bran and lime as auxiliary materials during the second turning of the pile, and spray 1‰ cypermethrin during the third turning of the pile.

6. The simplified outdoor cultivation method of Stropharia rugosa according to claim 5, characterized in that: When fermentation is completed, the water content of the culture medium is about 60% to 65%, the pH is 6.0 to 7.0, and the C / N is 44 to 48:

1.

7. The simplified outdoor cultivation method of Stropharia rugosa according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of the culture medium of the giant puffball is 1.5×10 5 kg / hm 2 .

8. The simplified outdoor cultivation method of Stropharia rugosa according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the thickness of the straw moisturizing layer is 3-5 cm, the thickness of the covering soil layer is 2-3 cm, and the number of layers of the straw moisturizing layer and the covering soil layer are at least two.

9. The simplified outdoor cultivation method of Stropharia rugosa according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the harvest of Stropharia rugosa is completed, the land is directly tilled and the mushroom residue is returned to the field in situ.

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