Shaping matrix for plant seedling raising and planting

Abstract

The invention discloses a shaping substrate for plant seedling raising and planting, and relates to the technical field of planting substrates, the shaping substrate for plant seedling raising and planting comprises the following components by mass: coconut fiber; fine coco coir; peat soil; an organic fertilizer; bark; straw powder; vermiculite; perlite; saw dust; calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer; pond sludge; leaf mold; rice chaff ash; hard particles; and a plant growth regulator. According to the substrate disclosed by the invention, the original loose substrate is subjected to standardized shaping, and standardized production, optimized structural design and efficient resource utilization are utilized, so that high efficiency, environmental protection and economization of plant seedling culture and planting are realized, and the production efficiency, the resource saving rate and the plant growth quality are remarkably improved; meanwhile, diseases are reduced, pesticide use is reduced, the operation environment is improved, and healthy development of roots is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of planting substrates, and in particular to a shaping substrate for plant seedling cultivation and planting. Background Art

[0002] Plant seedling cultivation and planting are two important links in agricultural production and horticultural activities. Seedling cultivation refers to the process of cultivating seeds or plant tissues into strong seedlings in a controlled environment (such as a greenhouse or seedling tray) through sowing, cuttings or tissue culture. Planting is to transplant the seedlings obtained in the seedling cultivation stage into the target growth environment (such as fields, flower pots or hydroponic systems), and promote the growth and development of plants through scientific management (such as watering, fertilization, pest and disease control, etc.), and finally achieve the goal of flowering, fruiting or harvesting.

[0003] During the process of plant seedling cultivation and planting, the substrate is a medium that provides support, nutrients and a suitable growth environment for the plant roots. It is usually a mixture of organic and inorganic materials. The design of the substrate needs to adjust the proportion of ingredients according to the plant species and growth stage to ensure a suitable pH value, nutrient supply and root growth environment, thereby improving the success rate of seedling cultivation and planting and promoting healthy plant growth.

[0004] In current agricultural production, plant seedlings and planting mostly use loose matrices made of nutrient soil, coconut bran, perlite, and vermiculite. Although this type of matrix can provide a certain growth environment, it also has many problems. First, the matrix structure after compounding is loose and difficult to carry and store. It not only wastes space, but also easily generates dust, which harms the respiratory health of operators. Secondly, in actual use, it is difficult to standardize the compounding ratio, resulting in inconsistent water evaporation and absorption rates of the matrix, which easily leads to waste of water and fertilizer resources.

[0005] In addition, filling the substrate into seedling or planting containers mostly relies on manual or mechanical operations, which has low production efficiency and is labor-intensive. In addition, traditional substrates are difficult to disinfect thoroughly, and plants are susceptible to pests, fungi and viruses during growth. The substrate has a poor fit with the plant roots, and it is difficult to form effective support after being removed from the container. It is easy to spill, which not only threatens the health of the plant roots, but also causes substrate waste.

[0006] At the same time, the water absorption and storage capacity of the matrix itself is limited, and it usually requires frequent spraying or watering, which not only leads to matrix loss, but also may pollute water sources; in terms of plant root development, the traditional matrix has a limited contact area with the air, and the dry-wet cycle efficiency is low, which can easily cause root diseases. In addition, the salt content of the matrix is ​​difficult to unify, and fertilization is difficult to standardize, resulting in fertilizer waste; the instability of pH value also affects the absorption and utilization of nutrients by plants, thereby affecting the normal development of plants. The internal pore structure of the matrix is ​​not dense enough, which further limits the healthy development of the root system; the traditional matrix cannot effectively guide and control the growth direction of the plant root system, which can easily lead to disorderly root growth and increase the risk of root diseases.

[0007] In summary, the application of traditional substrates in plant seedling cultivation and planting has many limitations and urgently needs to be improved and optimized to improve production efficiency, resource utilization and plant growth quality.

[0008] Currently, no effective solution has been proposed for the problems in the related technologies. Summary of the invention

[0009] In view of the problems in the related art, the present invention proposes a shaping matrix for plant seedling cultivation and planting to overcome the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the existing related art.

[0010] To this end, the specific technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0011] According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a shaping substrate for plant seedling cultivation and planting, the shaping substrate for plant seedling cultivation and planting comprising the following components:

[0012] Coconut fiber 50-70 parts;

[0013] 230-250 parts of fine coconut bran;

[0014] 60-80 parts peat soil;

[0015] 20-40 parts of organic fertilizer;

[0016] 50-70 parts of bark;

[0017] 80-100 parts of straw powder;

[0018] Vermiculite 20-40 parts;

[0019] 15-20 parts perlite;

[0020] 5-10 parts sawdust;

[0021] 3-6 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer;

[0022] 12-18 parts of pond mud;

[0023] 10-20 parts of leaf mold;

[0024] 6-15 parts of rice husk ash;

[0025] 50-70 parts of hard particles;

[0026] Plant growth regulator 0.001-0.01 parts.

[0027] Preferably, the hard particles include chlorite, pumice and medical stone mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1:1, and the particle size of the hard particles is 2-5 mm.

[0028] Preferably, the organic fertilizer comprises a mixture of decomposed livestock and poultry manure, decomposed compost and decomposed soybean meal in a mass ratio of 2:1:1.

[0029] Preferably, the plant growth regulator comprises gibberellin, indoleacetic acid and naphthylacetic acid mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0030] Preferably, the leaf mold includes broad-leaved leaf mold and coniferous leaf mold mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1.

[0031] Preferably, the sawdust comprises pine sawdust and fir sawdust mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1; the bark comprises pine bark and fir bark mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0032] Preferably, the pond mud comprises freshwater pond mud and paddy field mud mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0033] Preferably, the straw powder comprises rice straw powder and wheat straw powder mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1; the rice husk ash comprises rice husk ash and wheat husk ash mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1.

[0034] Preferably, the perlite includes coarse-grained perlite and fine-grained perlite mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0035] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing a shaping substrate for plant seedling cultivation and planting, the method for preparing a shaping substrate for plant seedling cultivation and planting comprising the following steps:

[0036] S1. Using purified water after reverse osmosis with an RO membrane, the EC value of the purified water is less than or equal to 20, mixing and stirring the matrix at room temperature, analyzing the salt in the matrix, and discharging the water after precipitation;

[0037] S2. Under standard atmospheric pressure, the mixed matrix is ​​added into 100 degrees Celsius water for soaking, and the water is discharged after precipitation;

[0038] S3, adding purified water to the soaked substrate, the weight ratio of purified water to substrate is about 6:1, and using a pH regulator to adjust the pH value required for planting, draining excess water after adjustment, and maintaining the weight ratio of purified water to substrate at about 1:1;

[0039] S4, adding 25%-40% of the weight of the matrix to the adjusted matrix, then pouring it into a homemade mold, cooling it for 5-15 minutes, and then demoulding it;

[0040] S5. Use a carving knife to carve multiple grooves and protrusions in the plant root growth area of ​​the substrate after demoulding, and leave a circular planting hole at the top with a depth of about twice the radius of the plant seed, and then dry it.

[0041] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0042] 1. The present invention standardizes the originally loose matrix, significantly improves the utilization rate of storage space, has a dust-free effect, improves the operating environment and protects the health of personnel. The matrix has a uniform shape, consistent water evaporation and absorption rates, can save water and fertilizer resources, and is easy to disinfect at high temperatures, reduce the occurrence of insect pests, fungi and viral diseases, and reduce the use of pesticides and production costs; it fits closely to the plant root system, keeps the root environment stable during transportation, and can still effectively support the plant after leaving the container, and has a strong water absorption capacity, which is suitable for shallow liquid level tidal circulation irrigation, saving water and fertilizer resources and keeping water resources clean.

[0043] 2. The matrix of the present invention has dense pores, which increases the contact area between the root system and the air, improves the dry-wet cycle efficiency, and promotes root development. At the same time, by standardizing the pH value and salt content, it is convenient for fertilization management and reduces fertilizer costs. The concave and convex groove design on its surface can guide the growth direction of the root system, avoid the disorder of the root system, and further improve the efficiency of root development. The shaping matrix is ​​easy to factory production, simple to operate, saves manpower, is suitable for water and fertilizer integration, and reduces resource waste. At the same time, it is small in size and easy to transport, which significantly saves storage and transportation costs. It is an efficient, environmentally friendly and economical plant seedling and planting solution. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0045] Figure 1 The present invention is a flowchart of a method for preparing a shaping matrix for plant seedling cultivation and planting according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] To further illustrate each embodiment, the present invention provides drawings, which are part of the disclosure of the present invention and are mainly used to illustrate the embodiments and can be used in conjunction with the relevant descriptions in the specification to explain the operating principles of the embodiments. With reference to these contents, ordinary technicians in the field should be able to understand other possible implementations and advantages of the present invention. The components in the figures are not drawn to scale, and similar component symbols are generally used to represent similar components.

[0047] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a shaping matrix for plant seedling cultivation and planting is provided.

[0048] The present invention is now further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a shaping matrix for plant seedling cultivation and planting is provided. The shaping matrix for plant seedling cultivation and planting includes the following components of quality:

[0049] Coconut fiber 50-70 parts;

[0050] 230-250 parts of fine coconut bran;

[0051] 60-80 parts peat soil;

[0052] 20-40 parts of organic fertilizer;

[0053] 50-70 parts of bark;

[0054] 80-100 parts of straw powder;

[0055] Vermiculite 20-40 parts;

[0056] 15-20 parts perlite;

[0057] 5-10 parts sawdust;

[0058] 3-6 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer;

[0059] 12-18 parts of pond mud;

[0060] 10-20 parts of leaf mold;

[0061] 6-15 parts of rice husk ash;

[0062] 50-70 parts of hard particles;

[0063] Plant growth regulator 0.001-0.01 parts.

[0064] As a preferred embodiment, the hard particles include chlorite, pumice and medical stone mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1:1, and the particle size of the hard particles is 2-5 mm.

[0065] It needs to be explained that chlorite has good ion exchange capacity and mineral release characteristics, pumice provides excellent air permeability and drainage, and medical stone is rich in trace elements and has the function of regulating the soil environment; when the three are mixed in a 1:1:1 ratio, they can form a uniform pore structure in the matrix, enhance air permeability and water retention, and provide a stable supply of mineral nutrients. The particle size is controlled within the range of 2-5 mm, which can not only ensure the structural stability of the matrix, but also avoid the adverse effects of particles that are too large or too small on root growth, thereby creating a more suitable growth environment for plant seedlings and planting.

[0066] As a preferred embodiment, the organic fertilizer includes a mixture of decomposed livestock and poultry manure, decomposed compost and decomposed soybean meal in a mass ratio of 2:1:1.

[0067] It needs to be explained that decomposed livestock and poultry manure is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other elements, which provide the basic nutrients needed for plant growth; decomposed compost is rich in organic matter and microorganisms, which can improve the matrix structure and enhance water retention and air permeability; decomposed soybean meal provides high-quality organic nitrogen and amino acids, which promote plant root development and nutrient absorption; when the three are mixed in a ratio of 2:1:1, they can achieve balanced nutrient release, avoid the nutrient imbalance problem caused by a single fertilizer, and at the same time improve the microbial activity of the matrix, creating an ideal environment with rich nutrition and stable structure for plant growth.

[0068] As a preferred embodiment, the plant growth regulator comprises gibberellin, indoleacetic acid and naphthylacetic acid mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0069] It needs to be explained that gibberellins mainly stimulate cell elongation and seed germination, indoleacetic acid promotes root development and cell division, and naphthylacetic acid enhances the plant's stress resistance and nutrient absorption capacity; when the three are mixed in a ratio of 1:1:1, they can play their respective roles in a balanced manner, significantly improving the plant's germination rate, root development and overall growth rate, while enhancing the plant's adaptability to the environment, providing a more efficient and stable growth regulation effect for seedling cultivation and planting.

[0070] As a preferred embodiment, the leaf mold includes broad-leaved leaf mold and coniferous leaf mold mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1.

[0071] It needs to be explained that broad-leaved leaf mold is rich in nutrients and decomposes quickly, which can provide plants with sufficient nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium; coniferous leaf mold decomposes slowly, which can improve the structural stability of the matrix and increase air permeability; when the two are mixed in a ratio of 2:1, they can not only ensure the nutrient supply of the matrix, but also maintain the long-term structural stability of the matrix, while adjusting the pH value of the matrix to an appropriate range, creating a more balanced environment for plant root growth and microbial activity, thereby promoting healthy plant growth.

[0072] As a preferred embodiment, the sawdust includes pine sawdust and fir sawdust mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1; the bark includes pine bark and fir bark mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0073] It should be explained that the sawdust of pine and fir, when mixed with bark, provides a rich source of organic matter, which can slowly release nutrients and improve the water retention and air permeability of the matrix; at the same time, the natural anti-corrosion properties of pine and fir help to extend the service life of the matrix and reduce the growth of pathogens; the 1:1 mass ratio ensures the uniform distribution of the two materials, which can not only balance the physical properties of the matrix, but also provide a stable growth environment for plant roots, thereby promoting healthy plant growth.

[0074] As a preferred embodiment, the pond mud includes freshwater pond mud and paddy field mud mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0075] It needs to be explained that freshwater pond mud is rich in organic matter and minerals and has good water retention and nutrient supply capabilities; rice field mud, due to its long-term farming environment, is rich in microorganisms and slow-release nutrients; when the two are mixed in a 1:1 ratio, they can balance the organic matter content and microbial activity of the matrix, improve the structure and fertility of the matrix, while providing stable nutrient release, and promoting plant root development and growth; in addition, this mixing method can also effectively adjust the pH value of the matrix, enhance its ability to adapt to the needs of different plants, and provide a better growth environment for plant seedlings and planting.

[0076] As a preferred embodiment, the straw powder includes rice straw powder and wheat straw powder mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1; the rice husk ash includes rice husk ash and wheat husk ash mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1.

[0077] It needs to be explained that straw powder includes rice straw powder and wheat straw powder mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1, which can provide rich organic matter and cellulose, improve the structure and water retention of the matrix, and slowly release nutrients to promote plant growth; rice husk ash includes rice husk ash and wheat husk ash mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1, which can effectively adjust the pH value of the matrix, provide potassium and other minerals, and enhance the fertility of the matrix; after the two are mixed in a specific proportion, they can not only optimize the physical properties of the matrix (such as air permeability and water retention), but also balance the chemical properties (such as pH value and nutrient supply), thereby creating a more suitable growth environment for plant seedling cultivation and planting.

[0078] As a preferred embodiment, the perlite includes coarse-grained perlite and fine-grained perlite mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0079] It needs to be explained that coarse-grained perlite provides good air permeability and drainage, preventing the substrate from becoming compacted, while fine-grained perlite enhances the water retention and stability of the substrate. The combination of the two can form a multi-level pore structure in the substrate, which not only meets the roots' need for oxygen, but also maintains suitable moisture conditions. This mixing ratio ensures a balance between the substrate's air permeability, water retention and structural stability, providing a more uniform and suitable environment for plant root growth, thereby increasing the success rate of seedling cultivation and planting.

[0080] like Figure 1 As shown, according to another embodiment of the present invention, a method for preparing a shaping substrate for plant seedling cultivation and planting is provided, and the method for preparing a shaping substrate for plant seedling cultivation and planting comprises the following steps:

[0081] S1. Using purified water after reverse osmosis with an RO membrane, the EC value of the purified water is less than or equal to 20, mixing and stirring the matrix at room temperature, analyzing the salt in the matrix, and discharging the water after precipitation;

[0082] S2. Under standard atmospheric pressure, the mixed matrix is ​​added into 100 degrees Celsius water for soaking, and the water is discharged after precipitation;

[0083] S3, adding purified water to the soaked substrate, the weight ratio of purified water to substrate is about 6:1, and using a pH regulator to adjust the pH value required for planting, draining excess water after adjustment, and maintaining the weight ratio of purified water to substrate at about 1:1;

[0084] S4, adding 25%-40% of the weight of the matrix to the adjusted matrix, then pouring it into a homemade mold, cooling it for 5-15 minutes, and then demoulding it;

[0085] S5. Use a carving knife to carve multiple grooves and protrusions in the plant root growth area of ​​the substrate after demoulding, and leave a circular planting hole at the top with a depth of about twice the radius of the plant seed, and then dry it.

[0086] Embodiment 1

[0087] A shaping matrix for plant seedling cultivation and planting, the shaping matrix for plant seedling cultivation and planting comprises the following quality components:

[0088] Coconut fiber 50g;

[0089] 230g fine coconut bran;

[0090] 60g peat soil;

[0091] 20g organic fertilizer;

[0092] Bark 50g;

[0093] Straw powder 80g;

[0094] Vermiculite 20g;

[0095] Perlite 15g;

[0096] Sawdust 5g;

[0097] Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 3g;

[0098] 12g pond mud;

[0099] Leaf mold 10g;

[0100] Rice husk ash 6g;

[0101] Hard particles 50g;

[0102] Plant growth regulator 0.001g.

[0103] As a preferred embodiment, the hard particles include chlorite, pumice and medical stone mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1:1, and the particle size of the hard particles is 2-5 mm.

[0104] As a preferred embodiment, the organic fertilizer includes a mixture of decomposed livestock and poultry manure, decomposed compost and decomposed soybean meal in a mass ratio of 2:1:1.

[0105] As a preferred embodiment, the plant growth regulator comprises gibberellin, indoleacetic acid and naphthylacetic acid mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0106] As a preferred embodiment, the leaf mold includes broad-leaved leaf mold and coniferous leaf mold mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1.

[0107] As a preferred embodiment, the sawdust includes pine sawdust and fir sawdust mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1; the bark includes pine bark and fir bark mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0108] As a preferred embodiment, the pond mud includes freshwater pond mud and paddy field mud mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0109] As a preferred embodiment, the straw powder includes rice straw powder and wheat straw powder mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1; the rice husk ash includes rice husk ash and wheat husk ash mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1.

[0110] As a preferred embodiment, the perlite includes coarse-grained perlite and fine-grained perlite mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0111] Embodiment 2

[0112] A shaping matrix for plant seedling cultivation and planting, the shaping matrix for plant seedling cultivation and planting comprises the following quality components:

[0113] 60g coconut fiber;

[0114] 240g fine coconut bran;

[0115] Peat soil 70g;

[0116] 30g organic fertilizer;

[0117] Bark 60g;

[0118] Straw powder 90g;

[0119] Vermiculite 30g;

[0120] Perlite 17g;

[0121] Sawdust 8g;

[0122] Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 5g;

[0123] 15g pond mud;

[0124] Leaf mold 15g;

[0125] Rice husk ash 11g;

[0126] Hard particles 60g;

[0127] Plant growth regulator 0.005g.

[0128] As a preferred embodiment, the hard particles include chlorite, pumice and medical stone mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1:1, and the particle size of the hard particles is 2-5 mm.

[0129] As a preferred embodiment, the organic fertilizer includes a mixture of decomposed livestock and poultry manure, decomposed compost and decomposed soybean meal in a mass ratio of 2:1:1.

[0130] As a preferred embodiment, the plant growth regulator comprises gibberellin, indoleacetic acid and naphthylacetic acid mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0131] As a preferred embodiment, the leaf mold includes broad-leaved leaf mold and coniferous leaf mold mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1.

[0132] As a preferred embodiment, the sawdust includes pine sawdust and fir sawdust mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1; the bark includes pine bark and fir bark mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0133] As a preferred embodiment, the pond mud includes freshwater pond mud and paddy field mud mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0134] As a preferred embodiment, the straw powder includes rice straw powder and wheat straw powder mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1; the rice husk ash includes rice husk ash and wheat husk ash mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1.

[0135] As a preferred embodiment, the perlite includes coarse-grained perlite and fine-grained perlite mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0136] Embodiment 3

[0137] A shaping matrix for plant seedling cultivation and planting, the shaping matrix for plant seedling cultivation and planting comprises the following quality components:

[0138] 70g coconut fiber;

[0139] 250g fine coconut bran;

[0140] 80g peat soil;

[0141] 40g organic fertilizer;

[0142] Bark 70g;

[0143] Straw powder 100g;

[0144] Vermiculite 40g;

[0145] Perlite 20g;

[0146] Sawdust 10g;

[0147] Calcium magnesium phosphate 6g;

[0148] 18g pond mud;

[0149] 20g leaf mold;

[0150] Rice husk ash 15g;

[0151] Hard particles 70g;

[0152] Plant growth regulator 0.01g.

[0153] As a preferred embodiment, the hard particles include chlorite, pumice and medical stone mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1:1, and the particle size of the hard particles is 2-5 mm.

[0154] As a preferred embodiment, the organic fertilizer includes a mixture of decomposed livestock and poultry manure, decomposed compost and decomposed soybean meal in a mass ratio of 2:1:1.

[0155] As a preferred embodiment, the plant growth regulator comprises gibberellin, indoleacetic acid and naphthylacetic acid mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0156] As a preferred embodiment, the leaf mold includes broad-leaved leaf mold and coniferous leaf mold mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1.

[0157] As a preferred embodiment, the sawdust includes pine sawdust and fir sawdust mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1; the bark includes pine bark and fir bark mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0158] As a preferred embodiment, the pond mud includes freshwater pond mud and paddy field mud mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0159] As a preferred embodiment, the straw powder includes rice straw powder and wheat straw powder mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1; the rice husk ash includes rice husk ash and wheat husk ash mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1.

[0160] As a preferred embodiment, the perlite includes coarse-grained perlite and fine-grained perlite mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0161] Comparative Example 1

[0162] A shaping matrix for plant seedling cultivation and planting, the shaping matrix for plant seedling cultivation and planting comprises the following quality components:

[0163] Coconut fiber 50g;

[0164] 230g fine coconut bran;

[0165] 60g peat soil;

[0166] 20g organic fertilizer;

[0167] Bark 50g;

[0168] Straw powder 80g;

[0169] Vermiculite 20g;

[0170] Perlite 15g;

[0171] Sawdust 5g;

[0172] Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 3g;

[0173] 12g pond mud;

[0174] Leaf mold 10g;

[0175] Rice husk ash 6g;

[0176] Plant growth regulator 0.001g.

[0177] As a preferred embodiment, the organic fertilizer includes a mixture of decomposed livestock and poultry manure, decomposed compost and decomposed soybean meal in a mass ratio of 2:1:1.

[0178] As a preferred embodiment, the plant growth regulator comprises gibberellin, indoleacetic acid and naphthylacetic acid mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0179] As a preferred embodiment, the leaf mold includes broad-leaved leaf mold and coniferous leaf mold mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1.

[0180] As a preferred embodiment, the sawdust includes pine sawdust and fir sawdust mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1; the bark includes pine bark and fir bark mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0181] As a preferred embodiment, the pond mud includes freshwater pond mud and paddy field mud mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0182] As a preferred embodiment, the straw powder includes rice straw powder and wheat straw powder mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1; the rice husk ash includes rice husk ash and wheat husk ash mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1.

[0183] As a preferred embodiment, the perlite includes coarse-grained perlite and fine-grained perlite mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0184] Comparative Example 2

[0185] A shaping matrix for plant seedling cultivation and planting, the shaping matrix for plant seedling cultivation and planting comprises the following quality components:

[0186] 60g coconut fiber;

[0187] 240g fine coconut bran;

[0188] Peat soil 70g;

[0189] 30g organic fertilizer;

[0190] Bark 60g;

[0191] Straw powder 90g;

[0192] Vermiculite 30g;

[0193] Perlite 17g;

[0194] Sawdust 8g;

[0195] Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 5g;

[0196] 15g pond mud;

[0197] Rice husk ash 11g;

[0198] Hard particles 60g;

[0199] Plant growth regulator 0.005g.

[0200] As a preferred embodiment, the hard particles include chlorite, pumice and medical stone mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1:1, and the particle size of the hard particles is 2-5 mm.

[0201] As a preferred embodiment, the organic fertilizer includes a mixture of decomposed livestock and poultry manure, decomposed compost and decomposed soybean meal in a mass ratio of 2:1:1.

[0202] As a preferred embodiment, the plant growth regulator comprises gibberellin, indoleacetic acid and naphthylacetic acid mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0203] As a preferred embodiment, the sawdust includes pine sawdust and fir sawdust mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1; the bark includes pine bark and fir bark mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0204] As a preferred embodiment, the pond mud includes freshwater pond mud and paddy field mud mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0205] As a preferred embodiment, the straw powder includes rice straw powder and wheat straw powder mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1; the rice husk ash includes rice husk ash and wheat husk ash mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1.

[0206] As a preferred embodiment, the perlite includes coarse-grained perlite and fine-grained perlite mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0207] Comparative Example 3

[0208] A shaping matrix for plant seedling cultivation and planting, the shaping matrix for plant seedling cultivation and planting comprises the following quality components:

[0209] 70g coconut fiber;

[0210] 250g fine coconut bran;

[0211] 80g peat soil;

[0212] 40g organic fertilizer;

[0213] Bark 70g;

[0214] Straw powder 100g;

[0215] Vermiculite 40g;

[0216] Perlite 20g;

[0217] Sawdust 10g;

[0218] Calcium magnesium phosphate 6g;

[0219] 20g leaf mold;

[0220] Rice husk ash 15g;

[0221] Hard particles 70g;

[0222] Plant growth regulator 0.01g.

[0223] As a preferred embodiment, the hard particles include chlorite, pumice and medical stone mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1:1, and the particle size of the hard particles is 2-5 mm.

[0224] As a preferred embodiment, the organic fertilizer includes a mixture of decomposed livestock and poultry manure, decomposed compost and decomposed soybean meal in a mass ratio of 2:1:1.

[0225] As a preferred embodiment, the plant growth regulator comprises gibberellin, indoleacetic acid and naphthylacetic acid mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0226] As a preferred embodiment, the leaf mold includes broad-leaved leaf mold and coniferous leaf mold mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1.

[0227] As a preferred embodiment, the sawdust includes pine sawdust and fir sawdust mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1; the bark includes pine bark and fir bark mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0228] As a preferred embodiment, the straw powder includes rice straw powder and wheat straw powder mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1; the rice husk ash includes rice husk ash and wheat husk ash mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1.

[0229] As a preferred embodiment, the perlite includes coarse-grained perlite and fine-grained perlite mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0230] Test example

[0231] The performance of the shaping matrix prepared by the shaping matrix preparation method for plant seedling cultivation and planting in the above-mentioned embodiments and comparative examples was tested. The test results are shown in Table 1 below;

[0232] Table 1 Test results

[0233]

[0234]

[0235] From the above results, it can be seen that in Comparative Example 1, no hard particles were added, and the air permeability and water retention were poor. With the addition of hard particles and perlite, the air permeability and water retention of the substrate were better. In Comparative Example 2, no leaf mold was added, the pH value was high and the EC value was low. The addition of leaf mold and organic fertilizer helped to improve the activity of microorganisms. In Comparative Example 3, no pond mud was added, and the nutrient content was lacking.

[0236] In summary, with the help of the above technical solution of the present invention, the present invention standardizes the originally loose matrix, significantly improves the utilization rate of storage space, has a dust-free effect, improves the operating environment and protects the health of personnel, the matrix has a uniform shape, and the water evaporation and absorption rates are consistent, which can save water and fertilizer resources, and is easy to disinfect at high temperature, reduce the occurrence of insect pests, fungi and viral diseases, and reduce the use of pesticides and production costs; it fits closely to the plant root system, keeps the root environment stable during transportation, and can still effectively support the plant after leaving the container, and has a strong water absorption capacity, which is suitable for shallow liquid level tidal circulation irrigation, saving water fertilizer resources and keep water resources clean; in addition, the matrix has dense pores, which increases the contact area between the roots and the air, improves the efficiency of dry-wet circulation, and promotes root development. At the same time, it facilitates fertilization management and reduces fertilizer costs by standardizing the pH value and salt content; the concave and convex groove design on the surface can guide the growth direction of the roots, avoid messy roots, and further improve the efficiency of root development; the shaping matrix is ​​easy to factory production, simple to operate, and saves manpower. It is suitable for water and fertilizer integration and reduces resource waste. At the same time, it is small in size and easy to transport, which significantly saves storage and transportation costs. It is an efficient, environmentally friendly and economical plant seedling and planting solution.

[0237] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-restrictive in all respects, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the present invention.

[0238] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shaping matrix for plant seedling cultivation and planting, characterized in that: The shaping matrix for plant seedlings and planting includes the following quality components: Coconut fiber 50-70 parts; 230-250 parts of fine coconut bran; 60-80 parts peat soil; 20-40 parts of organic fertilizer; 50-70 parts of bark; 80-100 parts of straw powder; Vermiculite 20-40 parts; 15-20 parts perlite; 5-10 parts sawdust; 3-6 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer; 12-18 parts of pond mud; 10-20 parts of leaf mold; 6-15 parts of rice husk ash; 50-70 parts of hard particles; Plant growth regulator 0.001-0.01 parts.

2. A shaping matrix for plant seedling cultivation and planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hard particles include chlorite, pumice and medical stone mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1:1, and the particle size of the hard particles is 2-5 mm.

3. A shaping matrix for plant seedling cultivation and planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic fertilizer includes decomposed livestock and poultry manure, decomposed compost and decomposed soybean meal mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1:

1.

4. A shaping matrix for plant seedling cultivation and planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plant growth regulator comprises gibberellins, indoleacetic acid and naphthylacetic acid mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1:

1.

5. A shaping matrix for plant seedling cultivation and planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The leaf mold includes broad-leaved tree leaf mold and coniferous tree leaf mold mixed in a mass ratio of 2:

1.

6. A shaping matrix for plant seedling cultivation and planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sawdust comprises pine sawdust and fir sawdust mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1; The bark includes pine bark and fir bark mixed in a mass ratio of 1:

1.

7. A shaping matrix for plant seedling cultivation and planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pond mud comprises freshwater pond mud and paddy field mud mixed in a mass ratio of 1:

1.

8. A shaping matrix for plant seedling cultivation and planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The straw powder comprises rice straw powder and wheat straw powder mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1; The rice husk ash comprises rice husk ash and wheat husk ash mixed in a mass ratio of 2:

1.

9. A shaping matrix for plant seedling cultivation and planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The perlite includes coarse-grained perlite and fine-grained perlite mixed in a mass ratio of 1:

1.

10. A method for preparing a shaping matrix for plant seedling cultivation and planting, used to prepare the shaping matrix for plant seedling cultivation and planting as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The method for preparing a shaping matrix for plant seedling cultivation and planting comprises the following steps: S1. Using purified water after reverse osmosis with an RO membrane, the EC value of the purified water is less than or equal to 20, mixing and stirring the matrix at room temperature, analyzing the salt in the matrix, and discharging the water after precipitation; S2. Under standard atmospheric pressure, the mixed matrix is ​​added into 100 degrees Celsius water for soaking, and the water is discharged after precipitation; S3, adding purified water to the soaked substrate, the weight ratio of purified water to substrate is about 6:1, and using a pH regulator to adjust the pH value required for planting, draining excess water after adjustment, and maintaining the weight ratio of purified water to substrate at about 1:1; S4, adding 25%-40% of the weight of the matrix to the adjusted matrix, then pouring it into a homemade mold, cooling it for 5-15 minutes, and then demoulding it; S5. Use a carving knife to carve multiple grooves and protrusions in the plant root growth area of ​​the substrate after demoulding, and leave a circular planting hole at the top with a depth of about twice the radius of the plant seed, and then dry it.

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