A multi-stage processing and separating device for shield muck

Abstract

A shield sludge multi-stage processing and separating device, comprising a rack, a first screening box and a multi-stage separating box on the rack, the first screening box is internally provided with a screening crawler belt, the multi-stage separating box is internally provided with a plurality of separating cavities and a compression separating cavity, the separating cavities are internally provided with a rotating separating cylinder, the lower end of the rotating separating cylinder is connected with a receiving sleeve, the receiving sleeve is internally provided with and communicated with a screw conveyor, the discharge port of the screw conveyor is communicated with the compression separating cavity, a plurality of particle screening meshes with different mesh sizes are arranged on the outer side of the rotating separating cylinder in a top-to-bottom manner, a mud concentration sensor is arranged above each particle screening mesh, a plurality of grading discharge valves are arranged on the side of the multi-stage separating box, and each grading discharge valve is communicated with the space above a particle screening mesh; the compression separating cavity is used for separating solid and liquid of slurry conveyed by the screw conveyor. The present application can continuously work along with the shield tunneling process, realizes rapid grading treatment of shield mud, and provides a basis for subsequent resource reuse.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of shield tunneling technology, specifically relating to a multi-stage treatment and separation device for shield tunneling excavation. Background Technology

[0002] In modern tunnel engineering, shield tunneling is a highly efficient and widely used underground excavation technology. However, the shield tunneling process generates a large amount of unavoidable excavated material. This excavated material generally has a high water content, is in a muddy state, and is difficult to transport. Improper handling of this excavated material threatens tunnel safety, damages the surrounding ecological environment, and wastes abundant recyclable resources, such as minerals and building materials. Therefore, effectively separating the excavated material and mud generated during shield tunneling is of great significance for environmental protection, resource conservation, and cost reduction. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-stage treatment and separation device for shield tunneling slag, which can operate continuously along with the shield tunneling process to achieve rapid classification and treatment of shield slag, providing a foundation for subsequent resource reuse.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a multi-stage treatment and separation device for shield tunnel slag, including a frame and a primary screening box set on the frame. The primary screening box is equipped with a screening conveyor belt. The mud inlet of the primary screening box is located above the screening conveyor belt, and the end of the screening conveyor belt is connected to the large particle discharge outlet on the side of the primary screening box.

[0005] A multi-stage separation box is located below the primary screening box. The inner cavity of the multi-stage separation box is divided into a multi-stage separation chamber and a compression separation chamber. The bottoms of the multi-stage separation chamber and the compression separation chamber are connected by a one-way valve to enable water in the compression separation chamber to flow into the multi-stage separation chamber in one direction.

[0006] A rotating separator is vertically arranged in the multi-stage separation chamber. The upper end of the rotating separator is the top inlet, which is used to connect with the bottom outlet of the first-stage screening box, and the lower end is the bottom outlet. Separation holes are provided on the lower part of the cylinder wall of the rotating separator.

[0007] The separator drive mechanism is located on the outside of the multi-stage separator box and is used to drive the rotating separator to rotate.

[0008] The receiving sleeve has an open top for receiving the discharge from the bottom outlet of the rotating separator. The bottom of the receiving sleeve is equipped with a screen plate, and the sleeve wall is equipped with symmetrical screw conveyor connecting holes.

[0009] The screw conveyor has a conveying shell with corresponding upper and lower receiving sleeve connecting holes. The conveying shell passes through the screw conveyor connecting holes and is fixed to the inner wall of the multi-stage separation chamber. The receiving sleeve connecting holes are located inside the receiving sleeves. The discharge port of the screw conveyor is connected to the compression separation chamber.

[0010] Multiple particle screening screens are provided and are fitted on the outside of the rotating separation cylinder at intervals. The mesh size of the multiple particle screening screens increases from bottom to top. A mud concentration sensor is also provided above each particle screening screen.

[0011] Multiple graded discharge valves are installed on the side of the multi-stage separation box, and each graded discharge valve is connected to the space above a particle screening screen.

[0012] The compression separation chamber is used to separate the solid and liquid components of the slurry conveyed by the screw conveyor. The separated water is returned to the multi-stage separation chamber through the one-way valve, and the separated solids are discharged through the slag discharge port on the side of the compression separation chamber.

[0013] Its beneficial effects are as follows: This invention performs preliminary large-particle screening of the tunnel boring machine (TBM) slurry through a primary screening box. Then, through the centrifugal action of a rotating separator, particles of different sizes are separated, achieving a second screening. The separated small particles and slurry are then subjected to layer-by-layer interception and separation by a multi-layer particle sieve, forming slurries of different concentrations, achieving a third screening. The separated large particles are then conveyed by a screw conveyor to a compression separation chamber for solid-liquid separation. The solids are discharged, and the separated water is returned to the multi-stage separation chamber to replenish the water needed for the third screening. Through multi-stage screening and solid-liquid separation, the slurry is graded, achieving graded recovery of particles of different sizes, providing a material guarantee for the recycling of the slurry.

[0014] The rotating separator is equipped with a stirring mechanism on its wall. The stirring mechanism includes stirring blades and stirring rods. The stirring blades are located at the bottom of the rotating separator and are lower than the lowest particle screening screen. The stirring rods are arranged between two adjacent particle screening screens.

[0015] Its beneficial effects are: the stirring blades and stirring rods can agitate the slurry in the rotating separation chamber, preventing the sedimentation of particles. The slurry concentration is highest in the bottom layer, and the stirring blades can provide more powerful agitation.

[0016] The stirring blades are helical blades, and the separation holes are distributed between adjacent helical gaps of the helical blades.

[0017] Its beneficial effect is that the spiral blades can avoid obstructing the separation holes.

[0018] The rotating separation cylinder includes an upper small cylinder, a lower large cylinder, and a conical cylinder connecting the two cylinders. The multiple particle screening screens are installed on the large cylinder, and the small cylinder is rotatably connected to the top of the multi-stage separation box.

[0019] Its beneficial effects are: the small cylinder allows the incoming mud to quickly adhere to the cylinder wall under centrifugal force; the conical cylinder can guide the mud dispersion and prevent mud accumulation that is difficult to separate; and the large cylinder can provide a larger surface area, which is beneficial to the dispersion and separation of mud.

[0020] The aperture of the sieve plate of the receiving sleeve is smaller than the aperture of the separation hole on the rotating separation cylinder.

[0021] Its beneficial effect is to prevent particles in the receiving sleeve from flowing into the multi-stage separation chamber and increasing the processing pressure of the third screening.

[0022] The primary screening box is equipped with a tail brush, which is located above the screening conveyor belt.

[0023] Its beneficial effects are: the tail brush can break the adhesion between mud particles to a certain extent and reduce particle size.

[0024] The screening track is tensioned on two pairs of sprockets, and a stirring cross plate is installed between any pair of sprockets.

[0025] Its beneficial effect is that the two mixing cross plates squeeze the mud between the upper and lower layers of the screening belt by rotating, which makes it easier for the mud to be discharged from the lower layer of the screening belt and fall into the multi-stage separation box below.

[0026] The compression separation chamber is equipped with a compression mechanism and a filter dewatering plate. The compression mechanism is located above the filter dewatering plate. The filter dewatering plate is inclined, with its higher end supported on the inner wall of the compression separation chamber and located above the one-way valve, and its lower end supported on the lower edge of the slag discharge port. Dewatering holes are distributed on the filter dewatering plate.

[0027] Its beneficial effects are: the combination of the compression mechanism and the filter dewatering plate achieves solid-liquid separation of the material. The inclined setting of the filter dewatering plate allows the dewatered solids to slide out along the inclined surface, thus eliminating the need for a discharge mechanism.

[0028] The compression mechanism includes a torque motor, a lead screw, and a piston. The periphery of the piston slides against the inner wall of the compression separation chamber. The lower end of the lead screw is fixed to the piston. The nut on the lead screw is connected to the torque motor. The torque motor is fixed outside the compression separation chamber.

[0029] Its beneficial effect is that the piston is driven downward by the lead screw, which can provide a continuous and stable extrusion pressure, ensuring the solid-liquid separation effect.

[0030] The frame is a movable trolley.

[0031] Its beneficial effect is that it allows the entire device to move during the tunnel boring process.

[0032] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. This invention can classify mud, realize the graded recycling of particles of different sizes, and provide material guarantee for the recycling of mud.

[0033] 2. This invention can purify slurry and discharge slurries of different concentrations separately, thus having high environmental benefits.

[0034] 3. The present invention has a high degree of structural integration and a small footprint. It can operate continuously during the tunnel boring process, enabling rapid classification and treatment of tunnel slurry, and providing a foundation for subsequent resource reuse. Attached Figure Description

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the primary screening box described in this invention;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a detailed schematic diagram of the screening track described in this invention;

[0039] Figure 4 This is an internal structural view of the multi-stage separation box described in this invention;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rotating separation cylinder described in this invention;

[0041] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the receiving sleeve described in this invention;

[0042] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the conveying shell structure of the screw conveyor described in this invention;

[0043] The diagram shows: 1, primary screening box; 101, mud inlet; 102, large particle outlet.

[0044] 2. Tail brush;

[0045] 3. Screening track assembly; 301. Mud slurry discharge hole; 302. Screening track; 303. Drive chain; 304. Track driven wheel; 305. Mixing cross plate; 306. Sprocket; 307. Track drive wheel.

[0046] 4. Track drive mechanism, 401. First motor, 402. First drive wheel;

[0047] 5. Separator cylinder drive mechanism, 501. Second motor, 502. Second drive wheel, 503. Separator cylinder driven wheel;

[0048] 6. Compression mechanism, 601. Lead screw, 602. Torque motor, 603. Piston;

[0049] 7. Multi-stage separation box; 701. Multi-stage separation chamber; 702. Compression separation chamber;

[0050] 8. Pulley; 9. Bottom discharge valve; 10. Stage discharge valve;

[0051] 11. Rotary separator cylinder; 1101. Top inlet; 1102. Stirring rod; 1103. Stirring blade; 1104. Separation hole; 1105. Bottom outlet;

[0052] 12. Receiving sleeve; 1201. Receiving port; 1202. Screw conveyor connecting hole; 1203. Screen plate;

[0053] 13. Screw conveyor; 1301. Conveying housing; 1302. Conveying auger; 1303. Receiving sleeve connecting hole;

[0054] 14. Particle screening screen; 15. Slurry concentration sensor; 16. Slurry concentration monitor; 17. Slag discharge port; 18. Filter dewatering plate; 19. Check valve. Detailed Implementation

[0055] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but this should not be construed as limiting the invention in any way.

[0056] Example 1: As Figure 1 As shown, a multi-stage treatment and separation device for shield tunneling excavation includes a trolley 8, a primary screening box 1 and a multi-stage separation box 7 set on the trolley 8. The primary screening box 1 and the multi-stage separation box 7 are arranged vertically. The mud generated during shield tunneling enters the primary screening box 1 for preliminary screening. The mud that needs to be screened and separated again after preliminary screening enters the multi-stage separation box 7 below for a second screening, a third screening and dewatering treatment.

[0057] The primary screening box 1 is used to screen out and discharge large particles of slag such as stones and large clods of soil that enter the box. A mud inlet 101 is provided at the top of the box, and a large particle outlet 102 is provided on one side of the box. A screening track assembly 3 for screening large particles is installed inside the box. The discharge end of the screening track assembly 3 is located at the large particle outlet 102. The screened large particles of slag are sent to the large particle outlet 102 and discharged from the primary screening box 1. A track drive mechanism 4 is provided on the trolley 8 to drive the screening track assembly 3.

[0058] like Figure 2 , 3 As shown, the screening track assembly 3 includes two pairs of sprockets 306 and a screening track 302 tensioned on the two pairs of sprockets 306. The screening track 302 is formed by track plates fixed on the transmission chain 303 and arranged at intervals. The gap between the track plates forms mud discharge holes 301. Large particles of slag larger than the mud discharge holes 301 remain on the screening track 302 and are transported with the screening track 302 to the large particle discharge outlet 102 and discharged from the primary screening box 1. Mud particles and slurry smaller than the mud discharge holes 301 pass through the mud discharge holes 301 and fall into the multi-stage separation box 7 below the screening track assembly 3 for further separation. A stirring cross plate 305 is also provided between a pair of sprockets of the screening track assembly 3. The two stirring cross plates 305 squeeze the mud between the upper and lower layers of the screening track 302 by rotating, so that the mud can be discharged from the mud discharge hole 301 of the lower layer of the screening track 302 and fall into the multi-stage separation box 7 below. Of the two pairs of sprockets 306, one pair of sprockets 306 are driving sprockets and the other pair of sprockets 306 are driven sprockets. The driving sprocket is equipped with a track driving wheel 307, and the driven sprocket is equipped with a track driven wheel 304. The track driving wheel 307 and the track driven wheel 304 are connected by a synchronous belt. The track driving wheel 307 is connected to the first drive wheel 402 by another synchronous belt. The first drive wheel 402 is mounted on the first motor 401, and the first motor 401 is fixed on the frame of the trolley 8. The first motor 401 and the first drive wheel 402 form the track drive mechanism 4, which drives the screening track 302 to rotate, thereby realizing the initial screening of the mud.

[0059] Specifically, the stirring cross plate 305 is assembled from two plates in a cross shape, and the two ends of the stirring cross plate 305 are fixed to the sprocket 306 by welding or bolt connection.

[0060] Continue to refer to Figure 2Above the screening conveyor belt 302, multiple tail brushes 2 are also provided. The tail brushes 2 are arranged at intervals along the conveying direction of the screening conveyor belt 302, and the upper part of the tail brushes 2 is fixed to the top of the primary screening box 1. The slurry entering the primary screening box 1 is conveyed by the screening conveyor belt 302 towards the large particle discharge port 102. When passing through the tail brushes 2, the tail brushes 2 sweep the slurry particles, which can break the adhesion between the slurry particles and reduce the particle size.

[0061] Preferably, the tail brush 2 is composed of multiple flexible plates arranged at an angle, with the lower end of the flexible plates inclined toward the large particle discharge port 102. The flexible plates can be rubber plates or silicone plates, etc.

[0062] like Figure 4 As shown, the multi-stage separation chamber 7 includes two parallel chambers, namely a multi-stage separation chamber 701 and a compression separation chamber 702. The bottoms of the two chambers are connected by a one-way valve 19, which allows the liquid to flow from the compression separation chamber 702 to the multi-stage separation chamber 701.

[0063] The multi-stage separation chamber 701 is equipped with a rotating separation cylinder 11, a receiving sleeve 12, a screw conveyor 13, and multiple particle screening screens 14. The rotating separation cylinder 11 is vertically arranged, and its lower part is sleeved with the receiving sleeve 12. The screw conveyor 13 is horizontally arranged, passes through the receiving sleeve 12, and its end is connected to the compression separation chamber 702.

[0064] The upper part of the rotating separator 11 is rotatably supported on the top of the multi-stage separator 7, and the top of the rotating separator 11 is open for connecting to the discharge port at the bottom of the first-stage screening box 1. The lower part of the rotating separator 11 is fitted into the opening at the top of the receiving sleeve 12 and rotates relative to the receiving sleeve 12. The bottom of the rotating separator 11 is open so that the slurry therein falls into the receiving sleeve 12.

[0065] The structure of the rotating separation cylinder 11 is as follows: Figure 5 As shown, the rotating separation cylinder 11 is open at both ends, serving as a top inlet 1101 and a bottom outlet 1105, respectively. The cylinder body of the rotating separation cylinder 11 includes an upper small cylinder, a lower large cylinder, and a conical cylinder connecting the two cylinders. Two sets of stirring rods 1102 and one set of stirring blades 1103 are arranged on the outer side of the lower large cylinder. The stirring blades 1103 are located at the bottom of the large cylinder and are helical blades, spirally wound around the cylinder body. Multiple separation holes 1104 for solid-liquid separation are distributed on the cylinder body between adjacent spirals of the helical blades. The two sets of stirring rods 1102 are both located above the stirring blades 1103 and are spaced apart vertically.

[0066] See again Figure 4 As shown, the separation cylinder drive mechanism 5, used to drive the rotation of the rotating separation cylinder 11, is located outside the multi-stage separation box 7, and includes a second motor 501, a second drive wheel 502, and a separation cylinder driven wheel 503. The second motor 501 is fixed to the outside of the box body of the multi-stage separation box 7, the second drive wheel 502 is mounted on the output shaft of the second motor 501, and the separation cylinder driven wheel 503 is fixedly mounted on the outside of the small cylinder body at the top of the rotating separation cylinder 11. The second drive wheel 502 and the separation cylinder driven wheel 503 are connected by a synchronous belt drive. To ensure smoother rotation of the rotating separation cylinder 11 and reduce friction, a support bearing is provided between the small cylinder body of the rotating separation cylinder 11 and the box body of the multi-stage separation box 7.

[0067] like Figure 4 , 7 As shown, the screw conveyor 13 includes a conveying housing 1301 and a conveying auger 1302. The two ends of the conveying housing 1301 are supported on the inner wall of the multi-stage separation chamber 701, and the discharge port at the end of the conveying housing 1301 communicates with the compression separation chamber 702. The conveying auger 1302 is located inside the conveying housing 1301 and is used to convey the slurry entering the screw conveyor 13 to the compression separation chamber 702. The structure of the conveying housing 1301 is as follows: Figure 7 As shown, a corresponding upper and lower receiving sleeve connecting hole 1303 is provided in the middle of the receiving sleeve 12 for connecting the receiving sleeve 12.

[0068] The structure of the receiving sleeve 12 is as follows: Figure 6 As shown, there is a cylindrical body with an open top and a sieve plate at the bottom. The open top is the receiving port 1201 of the receiving sleeve 12, which is used to receive the mud from the rotating separation cylinder 11. Symmetrical screw conveyor connecting holes 1202 are provided on the cylindrical surface of the receiving sleeve 12. The bottom of the receiving sleeve 12 is provided with a sieve plate 1203 for solid-liquid separation, which has multiple sieve holes evenly distributed on it. The conveying housing 1301 of the screw conveyor 13 passes through the screw conveyor connecting hole 1202, so that the receiving sleeve connecting hole 1303 on the conveying housing 1301 is located inside the receiving sleeve 12. In this way, the slurry entering the receiving sleeve 12 can enter the conveying housing 1301 through the receiving sleeve connecting hole 1303 and be sent to the compression separation chamber 702 by the conveying auger 1302. The particles in the slurry are intercepted in the receiving sleeve 12 by the screen plate 1203 and sent to the compression separation chamber 702 together with some water by the conveying auger 1302. The water in the slurry that is not sent out by the conveying auger 1302 flows down through the screen plate 1203 and out of the receiving sleeve 12, and enters the multi-stage separation chamber 701 to reduce the processing pressure of solid-liquid separation in the subsequent compression separation chamber 702.

[0069] The connection of the rotating separator 11, the receiving sleeve 12, and the screw conveyor 13 forms two spaces, an inner and an outer space, in the multi-stage separation chamber 701. The inner space is the space inside the rotating separator 11, the receiving sleeve 12, and the screw conveyor 13, while the outer space is the space outside the rotating separator 11, the receiving sleeve 12, and the screw conveyor 13.

[0070] The slurry generated during tunnel boring enters the primary screening box 1 for initial screening, and then enters the rotating separator 11 below for a second screening. Under the high-speed rotation of the rotating separator 11, the slurry and small particles smaller than the separation holes 1104 are discharged from the rotating separator 11 through the separation holes 1104 under centrifugal force, entering the external space outside the rotating separator 11. Particles larger than the separation holes 1104 directly enter the receiving sleeve 12 through the bottom outlet 1105 of the rotating separator 11, and are then sent to the compression separation chamber 702 for further processing by the screw conveyor 13. During the discharge of large particles, water in the slurry enters the external space through the screen plate 1203 at the bottom of the receiving sleeve 12, thereby reducing the processing pressure in the compression separation chamber 702. Therefore, the aperture of the screen holes on the screen plate 1203 is smaller than the aperture of the separation holes 1104 on the rotating separator 11, preventing particles from flowing out through the screen plate 1203.

[0071] To further screen the slurry flowing out of the rotary separator 11 and receiving sleeve 12, multiple particle screening screens 14 are arranged from top to bottom in the multi-stage separation chamber 701. In this embodiment, three particle screening screens 14 with different mesh sizes are provided. The particle screening screens 14 are sleeved on the outer side of the large cylinder at the bottom of the rotary separator 11, and the outer edge of the particle screening screens 14 is fixed to the inner wall of the multi-stage separation chamber 701, and the particle screening screens 14 are arranged horizontally. The mesh size of the three particle screening screens 14 gradually increases from bottom to top, forming a multi-stage screening of the slurry. The stirring blades 1103 are located below the bottom particle screening screen 14 and are used to stir the slurry in the bottom space to prevent particle sedimentation. The stirring rods 1102 are located in the separation space formed by two adjacent particle screening screens 14. The two sets of stirring rods 1102 are located in two separation spaces respectively, and the stirring rods 1102 stir the slurry in the corresponding separation space to prevent particle sedimentation. In this way, the three particle screening screens 14 separate the stirring blades 1103 and the two sets of stirring rods 1102 on the rotating separation cylinder 11.

[0072] The slurry flowing out of the rotating separator 11 and the receiving sleeve 12 passes through different particle screening screens 14 from bottom to top in the external space of the multi-stage separation chamber 701, thereby forming slurries of different concentrations above the particle screening screens 14, with the uppermost slurry having the lowest concentration and the lowermost slurry having the highest concentration.

[0073] To control the discharge of slurries of different concentrations, multiple staged discharge valves 10 are installed on the side of the multi-stage separation tank 7. Each staged discharge valve 10 is connected to the space above a particle sieve 14 to discharge the slurry within that space. A mud concentration sensor 15 is also installed above each particle sieve 14 to monitor changes in mud concentration in real time. A mud concentration monitor 16 is installed outside the multi-stage separation tank 7. The mud concentration monitor 16 is used to set the monitoring thresholds for each mud concentration sensor 15 and to display the monitoring data of each mud concentration sensor 15. The mud concentration sensor 15 and mud concentration monitor 16 used in this embodiment are commercially available products, or related products as described in the published patent CN114486626A.

[0074] In the external space of the multi-stage separation chamber 701, the mud is screened by multiple particle screening screens 14 to form slurries of different concentrations. When the concentration of the slurry reaches the threshold set by the mud concentration sensor 15, the control system of this device opens the corresponding graded discharge valve 10 to discharge the slurry; or the mud concentration monitor 16 issues a corresponding alarm signal, and the operator controls the corresponding graded discharge valve 10 to open and discharge the slurry.

[0075] For example Figure 4 As shown, the compression separation chamber 702 uses the compression mechanism 6 to achieve solid-liquid separation of water-containing slag through compression. The separated solid slag is discharged from the slag discharge port 17 on the side of the compression separation chamber 702, and the separated water is returned to the multi-stage separation chamber 701 through the one-way valve 19.

[0076] Specifically, the compression mechanism 6 includes a torque motor 602, a lead screw 601, and a piston 603. The torque motor 602 is located on the outer side of the top of the compression separation chamber 702. The torque motor 602 drives the nut on the lead screw 601 to rotate. The lead screw 601 extends vertically into the compression separation chamber 702. The lower end of the lead screw 601 is fixedly connected to the piston 603, and the periphery of the piston 603 slides against the inner wall of the compression separation chamber 702. The torque motor 602 drives the nut to rotate, which in turn drives the lead screw 601 to move the piston 603 up and down. The lowest point of the piston 603's stroke is higher than the discharge port of the screw conveyor 13. A filter dewatering plate 18 is provided at the lower part of the compression separation chamber 702. The filter dewatering plate 18 is inclined, with its higher end supported on the inner wall of the compression separation chamber 702 and located above the one-way valve 19. Its lower end is supported on the lower edge of the slag discharge port 17. Dewatering holes are distributed on the filter dewatering plate 18.

[0077] In another embodiment, the torque motor 602 and lead screw 601 in the compression mechanism 6 can also be replaced by a hydraulic cylinder, with the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder connected to the piston 603, driving the piston 603 to move up and down.

[0078] After the slurry is screened for the second time by the rotary separator 11, the slag consisting of larger particles and part of the slurry enters the screw conveyor 13 and is sent to the compression separation chamber 702 by the conveying auger 1302. Then the compression mechanism 6 and the filter dewatering plate 18 work together to compress the slag, squeezing out the water. The squeezed-out water returns to the multi-stage separation chamber 701 through the one-way valve 19. The dewatered slag is discharged through the slag discharge port 17.

[0079] Example 2: A multi-stage treatment and separation method for tunnel boring machine excavation, which uses the multi-stage separation and treatment device described in Example 1, and includes the following steps:

[0080] Step 1: The mud generated during shield tunneling enters the primary screening box 1 through the mud inlet 101 for initial screening. Large particles of slag are sent to the large particle discharge outlet 102 by the screening conveyor belt 302 and discharged from the primary screening box 1.

[0081] Step 2: After the initial screening, particles and slurry smaller than the mud scattering holes 301 on the screening belt 302 fall and enter the rotary separator 11 through the top inlet 1101 for a second screening.

[0082] Step 3: Under the high-speed centrifugal action of the rotating separator 11, particles and slurry smaller than the separation hole 1104 in the mud leave the rotating separator 11 through the separation hole 1104 and enter the multi-stage separation chamber 701. The remaining larger particles and some slurry in the mud enter the receiving sleeve 12 through the bottom outlet 1105 of the rotating separator 11. The solids and some slurry in the mud are sent to the compression separation chamber 702 by the screw conveyor 13 for solid-liquid separation. The remaining slurry in the mud passes through the sieve plate 1203 at the bottom of the receiving sleeve 12 and enters the multi-stage separation chamber 701 for a third screening.

[0083] Step four: The slurry level in the multi-stage separation chamber 701 gradually rises, passing through the multi-layer particle sieve 14 in sequence. Particles larger than the sieve openings of the particle sieve 14 are trapped below the layer of particle sieve 14, while smaller particles pass through the layer of particle sieve 14 with the water. This achieves multi-layer interception and separation, forming multiple layers of slurry with different concentrations in the vertical direction. When the slurry concentration reaches the set threshold of the corresponding mud concentration sensor 15, the corresponding graded discharge valve 10 opens to discharge the mud.

[0084] Step 5: The water-containing slag material entering the compression separation chamber 702 undergoes solid-liquid separation under the compression of the compression mechanism 6. The separated solid slag material is discharged through the slag discharge port 17, and the separated water is returned to the multi-stage separation chamber 701 through the one-way valve 19 to replenish the water required for the third screening in the multi-stage separation chamber 701.

[0085] If, after the device has been running for a period of time, there is too much slurry in the multi-stage separation chamber 701, which affects the rotation of the rotary separator 11, the bottom discharge valve 9 at the bottom of the multi-stage separation chamber 7 can be opened to discharge a portion of the slurry, thereby reducing the operating resistance of the device.

[0086] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the specific implementation of the present invention with reference to the above embodiments. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention are within the protection scope of the pending claims.

Claims

1. A multi-stage treatment and separation device for tunnel boring machine excavation, comprising a frame, characterized in that: It also includes a primary screening box mounted on the frame, which is equipped with a screening conveyor belt. The mud inlet of the primary screening box is located above the screening conveyor belt, and the end of the screening conveyor belt is connected to the large particle discharge outlet on the side of the primary screening box. A multi-stage separation box is located below the primary screening box. The inner cavity of the multi-stage separation box is divided into a multi-stage separation chamber and a compression separation chamber. The bottoms of the multi-stage separation chamber and the compression separation chamber are connected by a one-way valve to enable water in the compression separation chamber to flow into the multi-stage separation chamber in one direction. A rotating separator is vertically arranged in the multi-stage separation chamber. The upper end of the rotating separator is the top inlet, which is used to connect with the bottom outlet of the first-stage screening box, and the lower end is the bottom outlet. Separation holes are provided on the lower part of the cylinder wall of the rotating separator. The separator drive mechanism is located on the outside of the multi-stage separator box and is used to drive the rotating separator to rotate. The receiving sleeve has an open top for receiving the discharge from the bottom outlet of the rotating separator. The bottom of the receiving sleeve is equipped with a screen plate, and the sleeve wall is equipped with symmetrical screw conveyor connecting holes. The screw conveyor has a conveying shell with corresponding upper and lower receiving sleeve connecting holes. The conveying shell passes through the screw conveyor connecting holes and is fixed to the inner wall of the multi-stage separation chamber. The receiving sleeve connecting holes are located inside the receiving sleeves. The discharge port of the screw conveyor is connected to the compression separation chamber. Multiple particle screening screens are provided and are fitted on the outside of the rotating separation cylinder at intervals. The mesh size of the multiple particle screening screens increases from bottom to top. A mud concentration sensor is also provided above each particle screening screen. Multiple graded discharge valves are installed on the side of the multi-stage separation box, and each graded discharge valve is connected to the space above a particle screening screen. The compression separation chamber is used to separate the solid and liquid components of the slurry conveyed by the screw conveyor. The separated water is returned to the multi-stage separation chamber through the one-way valve, and the separated solids are discharged through the slag discharge port on the side of the compression separation chamber.

2. The shield tunneling muck multi-stage treatment and separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating separator is equipped with a stirring mechanism on its wall. The stirring mechanism includes stirring blades and stirring rods. The stirring blades are located at the bottom of the rotating separator and are lower than the lowest particle screening screen. The stirring rods are arranged between two adjacent particle screening screens.

3. The shield tunneling muck multi-stage treatment and separation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The stirring blades are helical blades, and the separation holes are distributed between adjacent helical gaps of the helical blades.

4. The shield tunneling muck multi-stage treatment and separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating separation cylinder includes an upper small cylinder, a lower large cylinder, and a conical cylinder connecting the two cylinders. The multiple particle screening screens are installed on the large cylinder, and the small cylinder is rotatably connected to the top of the multi-stage separation box.

5. The shield tunneling muck multi-stage treatment and separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aperture of the sieve plate of the receiving sleeve is smaller than the aperture of the separation hole on the rotating separation cylinder.

6. The shield tunneling muck multi-stage treatment and separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The primary screening box is equipped with a tail brush, which is located above the screening conveyor belt.

7. The shield tunneling muck multi-stage treatment and separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The screening track is tensioned on two pairs of sprockets, and a stirring cross plate is installed between any pair of sprockets.

8. The shield tunneling muck multi-stage treatment and separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compression separation chamber is equipped with a compression mechanism and a filter dewatering plate. The compression mechanism is located above the filter dewatering plate. The filter dewatering plate is inclined, with its higher end supported on the inner wall of the compression separation chamber and located above the one-way valve, and its lower end supported on the lower edge of the slag discharge port. Dewatering holes are distributed on the filter dewatering plate.

9. The shield tunneling muck multi-stage treatment and separation device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The compression mechanism includes a torque motor, a lead screw, and a piston. The periphery of the piston slides against the inner wall of the compression separation chamber. The lower end of the lead screw is fixed to the piston. The nut on the lead screw is connected to the torque motor. The torque motor is fixed outside the compression separation chamber.

10. The shield tunneling muck multi-stage treatment and separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frame is a movable trolley.

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