Clamp for crankshaft deep hole machining

Abstract

The invention provides a crankshaft deep hole machining clamp which comprises a shaft end support and a limiting support, a plurality of concave guide supports and a plurality of convex guide supports are arranged between the shaft end support and the limiting support, and the front portion, the middle portion and the rear portion of a machined crankshaft are each provided with a center support. The concave guide bracket comprises a U-shaped base, a guide cover is detachably mounted on the base, and a first guide structure is arranged at the lower part of the guide cover; the inverted-T-shaped guide support comprises a base, a supporting part is arranged on the base, and a second guide structure is arranged on the upper portion of the supporting part. The center support comprises a fixing base and a pressing plate, and a V-shaped clamping groove is formed in the upper portion of the fixing base. Each crank oil hole is guided and supported through the concave guide bracket, the convex guide bracket and the central bracket, the machining precision of a main oil duct hole is ensured, a workpiece is fixed by the shaft end bracket and the limiting bracket and under the action of the thrust device, the phenomenon that a crankshaft axially moves in the drilling process is avoided, and the machining precision and efficiency are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of crankshaft processing, and particularly relates to a fixture for deep hole machining of a crankshaft. Background Art

[0002] The crankshaft, as a key component of a diesel engine, is known as the heart of the diesel engine. The dimensional accuracy and geometric tolerance accuracy requirements for each part of the crankshaft are quite high. Since the main oil passage holes of the crankshaft intersect and connect with the straight oil holes and inclined oil holes, running through the main journal and crank of the entire crankshaft, in the prior art, the fixture has no guiding device and axial limiting device, and only supports and clamps the journal at both ends and the middle journal of the crankshaft. There are still problems when drilling the main oil passage holes of the crankshaft. Due to the high hardness of the crankshaft and the poor rigidity of the tool, during the continuous drilling of the spaced cranks, the tool will sink, resulting in the drilling hole position being lower, ultimately leading to a decrease in the machining accuracy of the main oil passage holes or even exceeding the tolerance. At the same time, during the drilling of the main oil passage holes, the crankshaft bears the axial force from the tool, which is extremely likely to cause insufficient clamping force of the support block, resulting in a series of problems such as tool breakage and chipping. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the existing fixture. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and proposes a fixture for deep hole machining of a crankshaft.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is realized as follows:

[0005] A fixture for deep hole machining of a crankshaft includes an end support and a limit support, and a plurality of concave guiding supports and a plurality of convex guiding supports are arranged between them. The top of the limit support is coaxial with the axis of the crankshaft to be machined. A center support is provided at the front, middle, and rear of the crankshaft to be machined. The concave guiding support includes a U-shaped base, and a guiding cover is detachably installed on the base. A first guiding structure is provided at the lower part of the guiding cover. The convex guiding support includes a base, and a supporting part is provided on the base. A second guiding structure is provided at the upper part of the supporting part. A third guiding structure is provided at the top of the end support. Guide sleeves are installed on the first, second, and third guiding structures. The center support includes a fixed seat and a pressing plate detachably installed at the top of the fixed seat. A V-shaped card slot is provided at the upper part of the fixed seat.

[0006] Further, the end support, the limit support, the center support, and the guiding support are all installed in the T-shaped groove of the machine tool workbench.

[0007] Further, the end support, the limit support, the center support, and the guiding support are all installed in the T-shaped groove of the machine tool workbench through quick-release bolts.

[0008] Further, the top of the limit support is horizontally arranged, and an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the position of the top is provided on the limit support.

[0009] Furthermore, the adjustment mechanism includes a horizontally arranged clamping bolt, which is screwed on the limiting bracket, and the head is installed on the end of the clamping bolt.

[0010] Furthermore, a bushing is installed in each guide sleeve.

[0011] Furthermore, reinforcing ribs are provided between the support portion and the base.

[0012] Furthermore, the shaft end bracket includes a shaft end seat and a shaft end frame, and reinforcing ribs are provided between the shaft end seat and the shaft end frame.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0014] The invention has a reasonable structural design. The concave guide bracket, the convex guide bracket and the center bracket are used to guide and support the drilling of each crank oil hole, thereby ensuring the main oil channel hole processing accuracy. The workpiece is fixed and the thrust device of the shaft end bracket and the limit bracket to avoid axial movement of the crankshaft during the drilling process, thereby improving the processing accuracy and efficiency. At the same time, the guide sleeve can be replaced to adapt to the crankshaft processing of different main oil channel apertures, which can reduce the investment cost of fixture manufacturing and reduce the scientific research and production costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] The drawings constituting part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present invention. In the drawings:

[0016] Figure 1 Schematic diagram when creating applications for the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure when the present invention is created and applied;

[0018] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a concave guide bracket in the invention;

[0019] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a convex guide bracket in the invention;

[0020] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the shaft end bracket in the invention;

[0021] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the central support in the invention;

[0022] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the limiting bracket in the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0024] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0025] In the description of the invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0026] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with embodiments.

[0027] A fixture for deep hole machining of crankshafts, such as Figures 1 to 7As shown in the figure, it includes a shaft-end bracket 1 and a limit bracket 2. There are several concave guiding brackets 3 and several convex guiding brackets 4 between them. The top head 5 of the limit bracket is coaxial with the axis of the crankshaft 6 to be machined. A center bracket 7 is provided at the front, middle and rear of the crankshaft to be machined respectively. The concave guiding bracket includes a U-shaped base 8. A guiding cover 9 is detachably installed on the base. A first guiding structure 10 is provided at the lower part of the guiding cover. The convex guiding bracket includes a base 11. A supporting part 12 is provided on the base. A second guiding structure 13 is provided at the upper part of the supporting part. A third guiding structure 14 is provided at the top of the shaft-end bracket. Guide sleeves 15 are installed on the first, second and third guiding structures. Preferably, bushings are installed in each of the guide sleeves. The center bracket includes a fixed seat 16 and a pressing plate 17 detachably installed at the top end of the fixed seat. A V-shaped card slot 18 is provided at the upper part of the fixed seat. In an alternative embodiment, the guiding cover of the concave guiding bracket is fixed to the base by bolts, and the pressing plate of the center bracket is fixed to the fixed seat by bolts.

[0028] The shaft-end bracket, the limit bracket, the center bracket and the guiding brackets are all installed in the T-shaped slots of the machine tool workbench. By way of example, the shaft-end bracket, the limit bracket, the center bracket and the guiding brackets are all installed in the T-shaped slots of the machine tool workbench by quick-release bolts. The top head on the limit bracket is horizontally arranged, and an adjustment mechanism 19 for adjusting the position of the top head is provided on the limit bracket. By way of example, the adjustment mechanism includes a horizontally arranged pressing bolt. The pressing bolt is screwed on the limit bracket, and the top head is installed at the end of the pressing bolt.

[0029] Reinforcing ribs are provided between the supporting part and the base. The shaft-end bracket includes a shaft-end seat and a shaft-end frame. Reinforcing ribs are provided between the shaft-end seat and the shaft-end frame. In an alternative embodiment, an adjustment pad 20 is provided between the guiding cover and the base. The height of the guiding cover can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the adjustment pad. Two adjustment blocks 21 are symmetrically provided in the V-shaped card slot. The two adjustment blocks are respectively detachably installed on the side walls of the V-shaped card slot. By replacing the adjustment blocks, the center bracket can be stably attached to the workpiece to form an effective supporting effect.

[0030] When using this fixture for production, first, select a suitable guide sleeve according to the diameter size of the main oil passage hole. According to the structural dimensions of the crankshaft to be machined, select the appropriate number of concave guiding brackets and convex guiding brackets to avoid interference between the crank and the guiding brackets. Respectively clamp the shaft-end bracket, the center bracket, the concave guiding bracket and the convex guiding bracket in the T-shaped slots of the machine tool workbench 22 in sequence through a positioning key. Fix the limit bracket on the workbench by quick-release bolts to ensure that the axis of the top head is coaxial with the axis of the crankshaft to be machined.

[0031] According to the crank pitch of the crankshaft, adjust each guiding bracket to an appropriate position. Loosen the nut of the center bracket, lift the pressing plate of the center bracket, loosen the nut of the concave guiding bracket, and remove the guiding cover.

[0032] Lift the crankshaft to be processed to the supporting position, lock the quick-release bolts and nuts of the shaft end bracket, center bracket, concave guide bracket and convex guide bracket, close the center bracket pressure plate, lock the nut, close the guide cover of the concave guide bracket, lock the nut, adjust the limit bracket nut so that the head presses against the crankshaft end face, and start drilling the main oil channel hole.

[0033] After the drilling process is completed, loosen the nut on the concave guide bracket, remove the guide cover, loosen the nut on the center bracket, uncover the center bracket pressure plate, loosen the limit bracket nut, replace the processed crankshaft, and proceed to process the next workpiece.

[0034] The invention has a reasonable structural design. The concave guide bracket, the convex guide bracket and the center bracket are used to guide and support the drilling of each crank oil hole, thereby ensuring the main oil channel hole processing accuracy. The workpiece is fixed and the thrust device of the shaft end bracket and the limit bracket to avoid axial movement of the crankshaft during the drilling process, thereby improving the processing accuracy and efficiency. At the same time, the guide sleeve can be replaced to adapt to the crankshaft processing of different main oil channel apertures, which can reduce the investment cost of fixture manufacturing and reduce the scientific research and production costs.

[0035] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fixture for deep hole machining of crankshaft, characterized in that: It includes a shaft end bracket and a limit bracket. There are several concave guiding brackets and several convex guiding brackets between them. The top of the limit bracket is coaxial with the axis of the crankshaft to be machined. A center bracket is provided at the front, middle and rear of the crankshaft to be machined; the concave guiding bracket includes a U-shaped base, and a guiding cover is detachably installed on the base. A first guiding structure is provided at the lower part of the guiding cover; the convex guiding bracket includes a base, a supporting part is provided on the base, a second guiding structure is provided at the upper part of the supporting part, and a third guiding structure is provided at the top of the shaft end bracket. Guide sleeves are installed on the first, second and third guiding structures; the center bracket includes a fixed seat and a pressing plate detachably installed at the top of the fixed seat. A V-shaped card slot is provided at the upper part of the fixed seat.

2. A crankshaft deep hole machining fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shaft end bracket, the limit bracket, the center bracket and the guiding bracket are all installed in the T-shaped groove of the machine tool workbench.

3. A crankshaft deep hole machining fixture according to claim 2, characterized in that: The shaft end bracket, the limit bracket, the center bracket and the guiding bracket are all installed in the T-shaped groove of the machine tool workbench through quick-release bolts.

4. A crankshaft deep hole machining fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the limit bracket is horizontally arranged, and an adjusting mechanism for adjusting the position of the top is provided on the limit bracket.

5. A crankshaft deep hole machining fixture according to claim 4, characterized in that: The adjusting mechanism includes a horizontally arranged pressing bolt, which is screwed on the limit bracket, and the top is installed at the end of the pressing bolt.

6. The fixture for deep hole machining of crankshaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: A bushing is installed in each of the guide sleeves.

7. A crankshaft deep hole machining fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: Reinforcing ribs are provided between the supporting part and the base.

8. The fixture for deep hole machining of crankshaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shaft end bracket includes a shaft end seat and a shaft end frame, and reinforcing ribs are provided between the shaft end seat and the shaft end frame.

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