Manufacturing tool and manufacturing method for divertor string-shaped plasma-facing component

Abstract

The invention is suitable for the technical field of nuclear fusion divertor manufacturing, and provides a manufacturing tool and method for a divertor string-shaped plasma-facing component, the manufacturing tool comprises an upper L-shaped mold and a lower L-shaped mold, and the upper L-shaped mold and the lower L-shaped mold are assembled into an L-shaped mold; the plurality of plasma facing material composite blocks are sequentially arranged on the chromium zirconium copper pipe in a penetrating manner, and the chromium zirconium copper pipe is mounted on the L-shaped mold; the left end plate and the right end plate are installed on the two sides of the L-shaped mold and used for fixing. According to the invention, the vacuum gas quenching furnace is adopted to manufacture the string-shaped plasma-oriented part, so that the difficulty of manufacturing a sheath by hot isostatic pressing equipment is simplified, and the investment of the equipment can be reduced; the manufacturing tool is made of high-temperature-resistant die steel, certain strength can be guaranteed at the high temperature, the rigidity of the composite block is guaranteed, the tool is convenient to disassemble and assemble and can be repeatedly used, graphite or ceramic is sprayed on the graphite block at the end of the composite string and the die, and diffusion bonding of the composite string material and the tool at the high temperature and high pressure can be prevented.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of manufacturing of nuclear fusion divertors, and in particular relates to a manufacturing tool and a manufacturing method for a divertor string-shaped plasma-facing component. Background Art

[0002] The divertor is a key component in a nuclear fusion device. The divertor target plate is the part that directly contacts the plasma and needs to withstand extremely high heat flux density and particle bombardment.

[0003] The target plate can be divided into a monoblock structure and a flat plate structure due to different structures. The monoblock structure, i.e., a string structure, is widely used in the striking point in the divertor due to its better heat removal ability. The string-shaped plasma-facing component is a composite material with a central perforation made of tungsten, graphite, CFC and other materials and oxygen-free copper. The tungsten, graphite, and CFC blocks are drilled, and the inner holes of the graphite or CFC materials need to be pre-metallized. Then, oxygen-free copper is cast inside. After fine processing, the thickness of the oxygen-free copper is about 1 mm. Then, it is passed through the chromium-zirconium-copper cooling water pipe to form a string-shaped plasma component. The formed string-shaped component is fixed to the sheath, sealed, and placed inside the hot isostatic pressing equipment for diffusion welding. Finally, the oxygen-free copper and chromium-zirconium-copper in the composite block are diffused and welded together to form a whole.

[0004] Diffusion welding through hot isostatic pressing can realize mass production of tungsten copper strings. Hot isostatic pressing relies on high temperature and high pressure to form diffusion welding between interfaces, but requires special sleeves to form a vacuum environment between the interfaces of the components. The sleeve needs to go through welding, vacuuming, permanent sealing and other processes. The sleeve may leak during the hot isostatic pressing process due to welding and other reasons, causing welding failure. The process is complicated, costly, long and risky. In addition, due to the complex internal structure and small space of the sleeve, it is difficult to form a high vacuum environment. The interface may be oxidized at high temperature due to residual oxygen in the low vacuum, causing defects on the interface.

[0005] Generally, the hot isostatic pressing temperature of the divertor string components is about 600-950℃, while chromium-zirconium-copper will soften when the temperature exceeds 550℃, and its mechanical properties will be greatly reduced. Chromium-zirconium-copper can only restore certain mechanical properties after solid solution treatment, but solid solution treatment is difficult to achieve in hot isostatic pressing equipment. After hot isostatic pressing, the performance of chromium-zirconium-copper will drop significantly, causing a certain decline in the overall performance of the product. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a manufacturing tool for a divertor string-shaped plasma-facing component, aiming to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0007] The embodiment of the present invention is implemented as follows: a manufacturing tool for a divertor string-shaped plasma-facing component, comprising:

[0008] An upper L-shaped mold and a lower L-shaped mold, wherein the upper L-shaped mold and the lower L-shaped mold are assembled into an L-shaped mold;

[0009] A chrome-zirconium copper tube, a plurality of composite blocks of plasma-facing materials are sequentially passed through the chrome-zirconium copper tube, and the chrome-zirconium copper tube is installed on an L-shaped mold;

[0010] The left end plate and the right end plate are installed on both sides of the L-shaped mold for fixing.

[0011] Preferably, adjacent composite blocks of plasma-facing material are separated by molybdenum sheets.

[0012] Preferably, the manufacturing tooling further comprises a pure graphite block, wherein two pure graphite blocks are provided and respectively passed through the two ends of the chromium-zirconium-copper tube to prevent diffusion welding between the chromium-zirconium-copper tube and the tooling.

[0013] Preferably, the portion of the L-shaped mold in contact with the composite block of plasma-facing material is sprayed with an anti-diffusion adhesion layer.

[0014] Preferably, the anti-diffusion adhesion layer is ceramic or graphite.

[0015] Another object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a divertor string-shaped plasma-facing component, comprising the following steps:

[0016] S1. Place the above manufacturing device in a vacuum gas quenching furnace, connect the pipeline and connect it to the external booster device through the flange of the vacuum gas quenching furnace, and close the door of the vacuum gas quenching furnace;

[0017] S2. Evacuate the vacuum furnace to a vacuum degree of 10 -3 After reaching Pa, the vacuum gas quenching furnace is heated to 600-950°C, and the inside of the chromium-zirconium copper tube is pressurized to 30-100MPa through a pressurizing device, and the pressure is maintained for 3-12 hours to achieve diffusion welding of chromium-zirconium copper and oxygen-free copper;

[0018] S3. After welding is completed, the pressure inside the chromium-zirconium copper tube is released. After the pressure is released, circulating high-purity argon gas is filled in. At the same time, the heating inside the vacuum gas quenching furnace is stopped to cool down. The manufacturing tooling is cooled as a whole, and then the temperature is raised to 450℃, the pressure is maintained for 2-3h, and then the temperature is lowered with the furnace to perform solid solution treatment on the chromium-zirconium copper tube.

[0019] Preferably, in S3, the cooling rate of the overall cooling of the manufacturing tooling is 1°C / s.

[0020] The embodiment of the present invention provides a manufacturing tool and a manufacturing method for a divertor string-shaped plasma-facing component. A vacuum gas quenching furnace is used to manufacture the string-shaped plasma-facing component, which simplifies the difficulty of manufacturing a package of a hot isostatic pressing device and can reduce the investment in equipment. The manufacturing tool is made of high-temperature resistant die steel, which can ensure a certain strength at high temperatures and ensure the rigidity of the composite block. The tool is connected by screws, which is convenient for disassembly and can be reused. The graphite block at the end of the composite string and the mold are sprayed with graphite or ceramics, which can prevent the composite string surface from bonding to the tool at high temperatures.

[0021] The use of a vacuum gas quenching furnace can always maintain a high vacuum degree at the diffusion welding interface (in the hot isostatic pressing welding scheme, after the package sealing welding is completed, the internal material releases gas, which will make the internal vacuum degree worse), making the diffusion interface clean; the vacuum gas quenching furnace and the circulating high-pressure gas filled inside can also achieve rapid cooling of the composite block, which can achieve solid solution treatment of the chromium-zirconium copper tube, restore the performance of the chromium-zirconium copper tube, improve the interface bonding strength, and increase the fatigue life of the composite string;

[0022] The tooling of the embodiment of the present invention is simple, easy to disassemble and assemble, and can be reused. The equipment investment cost is low, the process is reliable, and the diffusion welding of chromium-zirconium copper and oxygen-free copper and the performance recovery of chromium-zirconium copper can be realized simultaneously. It has low cost, easy disassembly and assembly, and the tooling can be reused, so mass production can be realized. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural diagram of a manufacturing tool for a divertor string-shaped plasma-facing component provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 The invention discloses an apparatus utilized in a method for manufacturing a divertor string-shaped plasma-facing component provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] In the attached figure: 1-left end plate; 2-right end plate; 3-upper L-shaped mold; 4-lower L-shaped mold; 5-chromium-zirconium copper tube; 6-pure graphite block; 7-plasma-facing material composite block; 8-vacuum air quenching furnace; 9-pressure gauge; 10-boosting device; 11-valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0027] The specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0028] Embodiment 1, as Figure 1As shown, a structural diagram of a manufacturing tool for a divertor string-shaped plasma-facing component provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0029] An upper L-shaped mold 3 and a lower L-shaped mold 4, wherein the upper L-shaped mold 3 and the lower L-shaped mold 4 are assembled into an L-shaped mold;

[0030] A chromium-zirconium copper tube 5, a plurality of plasma-facing material composite blocks 7 are sequentially inserted on the chromium-zirconium copper tube 5, adjacent plasma-facing material composite blocks 7 are separated by molybdenum sheets, both ends of 5 are inserted into pure graphite blocks 6, the chromium-zirconium copper tube 5 is installed on an L-shaped mold, and the part of the L-shaped mold that contacts the plasma-facing material composite block 7 is sprayed with ceramic or graphite;

[0031] The left end plate 1 and the right end plate 2 are installed on both sides of the L-shaped mold for fixing;

[0032] In one embodiment of the present invention, the manufacturing tooling of the divertor string-shaped plasma-facing component is used for manufacturing the string-shaped divertor component, does not need to be sealed welded, is fixed by bolts, and can be reused. The prefabricated plasma-facing material composite block 7 (hereinafter referred to as the composite block) is inserted into the chromium-zirconium copper tube 5, each composite block is separated by a molybdenum sheet, and pure graphite blocks 6 are inserted into both ends of the chromium-zirconium copper tube 5. After the composite block string is assembled, it is installed on an L-shaped mold. The L-shaped mold is made of high-heat-resistant mold steel, which can ensure a certain strength and toughness at high temperatures. The contact part of the L-shaped mold with the composite block is sprayed with ceramic or graphite to prevent the mold from adhering to the composite block. After the composite block string is assembled on the L-shaped mold, it is fixed from the side using the left end plate 1 and the right end plate 2. The pure graphite block 6 can prevent the chromium-zirconium copper tube 5 from adhering to the L-shaped mold. After the tooling is disassembled, the pure graphite block 6 can be easily and conveniently removed, which is convenient for disassembly and ensures that the end face chromium-zirconium copper tube 5 is intact, and the chromium-zirconium copper tube at the end of the composite block string is leaked for the next step of welding.

[0033] Embodiment 2: A method for manufacturing a divertor string-shaped plasma-facing component, using Figure 2 The device shown in the figure specifically comprises the following steps:

[0034] S1, placing the manufacturing device in the vacuum air quenching furnace 8, connecting the pipeline and connecting it to the external booster device 10 through the flange of the vacuum air quenching furnace 8, and closing the vacuum air quenching furnace 8;

[0035] S2, evacuate the vacuum gas quenching furnace 8, and the vacuum degree reaches 10 -3 After reaching Pa, the vacuum gas quenching furnace 8 is heated to 600-950°C, and the inside of the chromium-zirconium copper tube 5 is pressurized to 30-100MPa by the supercharging device 10, and the pressure is maintained for 3-12h to achieve diffusion welding of the chromium-zirconium copper and the oxygen-free copper;

[0036] S3. After welding is completed, the pressure inside the chromium-zirconium copper tube 5 is released, and circulating high-purity argon gas is filled in after the pressure release is completed. At the same time, the heating inside the vacuum gas quenching furnace 8 is stopped to cool down, the manufacturing tooling is cooled as a whole, and then the temperature is raised to 450°C, the pressure is maintained for 2-3 hours, and then the temperature is lowered along with the furnace to perform solid solution treatment on the chromium-zirconium copper tube 5.

[0037] The manufacturing process is carried out in a vacuum quenching furnace 8, and the working vacuum degree can reach 1×10 -3 Pa, the maximum heating temperature is 1300℃; firstly, the composite block string and the manufacturing tooling are placed in the vacuum gas quenching furnace 8, the pipeline is connected and the external booster device 10 is connected through the flange of the vacuum gas quenching furnace 8 (a pressure gauge 9 is installed on the connecting pipeline, and a valve 11 is also provided), and after the vacuum gas quenching furnace 8 door is closed, the pipeline connection is first tested for air tightness, and the furnace door is closed after passing the test;

[0038] When the furnace door is closed, the internal vacuum quenching furnace 8 is evacuated to a vacuum degree of 10 -3 After the vacuum gas quenching furnace 8 reaches 600-950°C, the pressure inside the chromium-zirconium copper tube 5 is increased to 30-100MPa by the pressure boosting device 10, and the pressure is maintained for 3-12h; the chromium-zirconium copper tube 5 is expanded and deformed in all directions by the high pressure to generate extrusion force on the oxygen-free copper inside the composite block, and the external L-shaped mold has great rigidity at high temperature, which can restrain the deformation of the composite block from the outside, thereby realizing diffusion welding of chromium-zirconium copper and oxygen-free copper;

[0039] After welding is completed, the pressure inside the chromium-zirconium copper tube 5 is released, and circulating high-purity argon gas is filled in after the pressure release is completed. At the same time, the heating inside the vacuum gas quenching furnace 8 is stopped to cool down, and the component is cooled as a whole, cooled to room temperature at a cooling rate of 1°C / s, and then heated to about 450°C, maintained at pressure for 2-3 hours, and then cooled with the furnace, and the chromium-zirconium copper tube 5 is solution treated to restore its performance.

[0040] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A manufacturing tool for a divertor string-shaped plasma-facing component, characterized in that: include: An upper L-shaped mold (3) and a lower L-shaped mold (4), wherein the upper L-shaped mold (3) and the lower L-shaped mold (4) are assembled into an L-shaped mold; A chromium-zirconium copper tube (5), a plurality of plasma-facing material composite blocks (7) are sequentially inserted into the chromium-zirconium copper tube (5), and the chromium-zirconium copper tube (5) is installed on an L-shaped mold; The left end plate (1) and the right end plate (2) are mounted on both sides of the L-shaped mold for fixing.

2. The manufacturing tooling for the divertor string-shaped plasma-facing component according to claim 1, characterized in that: Adjacent plasma-facing material composite blocks (7) are isolated by molybdenum sheets.

3. The manufacturing tooling for the divertor string-shaped plasma-facing component according to claim 1, characterized in that: The manufacturing tooling also includes a pure graphite block (6), wherein two pure graphite blocks (6) are provided and are respectively inserted into the two ends of the chromium-zirconium-copper tube (5) to prevent diffusion welding between the chromium-zirconium-copper tube (5) and the tooling.

4. The manufacturing tooling for the divertor string-shaped plasma-facing component according to claim 1, characterized in that: The portion of the L-shaped mold that contacts the outer side of the plasma-facing material composite block (7) is sprayed with an anti-diffusion adhesion layer.

5. The manufacturing tooling for the divertor string-shaped plasma-facing component according to claim 4, characterized in that: The anti-diffusion adhesion layer is ceramic or graphite.

6. A method for manufacturing a divertor string-shaped plasma-facing component, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Place the manufacturing device as described in any one of claims 1 to 5 in a vacuum air quenching furnace (8), connect the pipeline and connect it to the external booster device (10) through the flange of the vacuum air quenching furnace (8), and close the vacuum air quenching furnace (8); S2. Evacuate the vacuum gas quenching furnace (8) to a vacuum degree of 10 -3 After reaching 1000 Pa, the vacuum gas quenching furnace (8) is heated to 600-950° C., and at the same time, the pressure inside the chromium-zirconium copper tube (5) is increased to 30-100 MPa through a pressure boosting device (10), and the pressure is maintained for 3-12 hours to achieve diffusion welding of the chromium-zirconium copper and the oxygen-free copper; S3. After the welding is completed, the pressure inside the chromium-zirconium copper tube (5) is released. After the pressure release is completed, circulating high-purity argon gas is filled in. At the same time, the heating inside the vacuum gas quenching furnace (8) is stopped to cool down. The manufacturing tooling is cooled as a whole, and then the temperature is raised to 450° C. and the pressure is maintained for 2-3 hours. Then, the temperature is lowered along with the furnace to perform solid solution treatment on the chromium-zirconium copper tube (5).

7. The method for manufacturing a divertor string-shaped plasma-facing component according to claim 6, characterized in that: In S3, the cooling rate of the manufacturing tooling during overall cooling is 1°C / s.

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