Wooden cultural relic dehydration reinforcement method and system
By reducing the internal pressure of the vacuum cavity in stages and filling in inert gases with interstitial properties during the dehydration of wooden cultural relics, the problems of sudden pressure drop and excessive surface dehydration are solved, and the stable dehydration and reinforcement of wooden cultural relics are achieved, and the stability of the material structure is extended.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510299706.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-13
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-13
AI Technical Summary
During the preliminary dehydration of wooden cultural relics, the sudden drop in the internal pressure of the vacuum cavity may cause deformation or cracks of wooden cultural relics. At the same time, the rapid dehydration of the surface layer will cause internal stress accumulation and secondary damage to the material structure.
During the initial dehydration stage, the internal pressure of the vacuum chamber gradually drops to the initial negative pressure, and then gradually drops from the initial negative pressure to the preset negative pressure. During this process, inert gas is intermittently added for backpressure to avoid pressure drop and surface dehydration too quickly.
By step-down pressure and inert gas backpressure, deformation and cracks of wooden cultural relics are avoided, while internal stress accumulation is reduced, the stability of the material structure is extended, and the treatment cycle of dehydration and reinforcement is shortened.
Smart Images
Figure CN119974145A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of wooden cultural relics reinforcement, and in particular to a method and system for dehydrating and reinforcing wooden cultural relics. Background Art
[0002] Due to their material properties, wooden cultural relics are very fragile at archaeological excavation sites and during cultural relic restoration work. They are prone to cracking, deformation and rotting due to environmental changes or improper handling. Therefore, wooden cultural relics need to be dehydrated and reinforced. Dehydration can prevent wooden cultural relics from rotting due to high humidity. Reinforcement can improve the mechanical strength of wood through physical filling or chemical cross-linking, avoiding cracking and deformation problems caused by changes in the storage environment or improper handling in the future.
[0003] At present, dehydration is mainly carried out by vacuum suction. The wooden cultural relics are placed in a confined space, and then a vacuum pump is used to evacuate the sealed space to provide a negative pressure environment, so that the gas and some free water in the wooden cultural relics can be initially removed, making it easier for the wood to absorb the reinforcing agent solution, or limited reinforcement can be achieved by introducing reinforcing agents in the pretreatment stage. Reinforcement is generally achieved by replacing water, hydrogen bonding, physical filling, chemical cross-linking, etc. to form a stable matrix, but care should be taken to avoid the risk of cracking and deformation caused by pressure changes. In the initial dehydration stage, if the surface is dehydrated too quickly, it is easy to cause internal stress accumulation caused by uneven humidity gradients inside and outside the wooden cultural relics, resulting in secondary damage to the material structure. Summary of the invention
[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned technical problems and to provide a method and system for dehydrating and reinforcing wooden cultural relics. In the initial dehydration stage, the internal pressure of the vacuum cavity is gradually reduced to an initial negative pressure, and then gradually reduced from the initial negative pressure to a preset negative pressure, so as to avoid deformation or cracking of the wooden cultural relics due to a sudden drop in pressure. In the process of reducing the initial negative pressure to the preset negative pressure, inert gas is intermittently added to the interior of the vacuum cavity for back pressure, so as to avoid excessive dehydration of the surface of the wooden cultural relics, causing internal stress accumulation and secondary damage to the material structure. At the same time, the simultaneous dehydration and penetration of the reinforcing agent can shorten the processing cycle and can also be applied to batch cultural relics restoration. The design of micro-negative pressure in the dehydration stage also helps to drive the maximum penetration of the reinforcing agent.
[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention discloses a method for dehydrating and reinforcing wooden cultural relics, comprising the following steps:
[0006] S1, initial dehydration stage: placing the wooden cultural relic in a vacuum chamber, evacuating the vacuum chamber, causing the pressure inside the vacuum chamber to gradually drop to an initial negative pressure, and then gradually drop from the initial negative pressure to a preset negative pressure, and in the process of dropping from the initial negative pressure to the preset negative pressure, intermittently replenishing inert gas into the vacuum chamber for back pressure, and the back pressure value is the middle value between the preset negative pressure and the initial negative pressure;
[0007] S2, cultural relic reinforcement stage: inject a reinforcement solution into the vacuum chamber, heat the temperature of the liquid in the vacuum chamber to a preset temperature, and after the reinforcement solution is completed, introduce inert gas to gradually raise the pressure in the vacuum chamber to normal pressure, and take out the wooden cultural relics.
[0008] Preferably, before step S1, the method further comprises step S0: cleaning the surface of the wooden cultural relic, and then refrigerating the wooden cultural relic.
[0009] Preferably, in step S2, after the reinforcing agent solution is injected, an inert gas is introduced to maintain the pressure in the vacuum chamber at a reinforcing negative pressure, and the reinforcing negative pressure is less than the initial negative pressure.
[0010] Preferably, in step S2, the liquid in the vacuum chamber is circulated, discharged and returned.
[0011] Preferably, in step S2, the wooden cultural relic is continuously weighed, and when the weight change rate within a preset weighing time is less than a preset change value, it is determined that the reinforcement is completed, and the step of increasing the pressure in the vacuum chamber to normal pressure is performed.
[0012] Preferably, in step S2, the pH value of the solution in the vacuum chamber is monitored and recorded.
[0013] Also disclosed is a dehydration and reinforcement system for wooden cultural relics, comprising a vacuum chamber, a vacuum pumping device, a reinforcement liquid supply device, a liquid heating device, an inert gas supply device and a computing and control device, wherein the reinforcement liquid supply device is used to provide a reinforcement solution to the vacuum chamber, the liquid heating device is used to heat the liquid in the vacuum chamber, the inert gas supply device is used to introduce an inert gas into the vacuum chamber, a gas pressure sensor for monitoring air pressure, a temperature sensor for monitoring liquid temperature and a pH sensor for monitoring pH value are provided in the vacuum chamber, the vacuum chamber is connected to the vacuum pumping device, and the liquid heating device, the reinforcement liquid supply device, the gas pressure sensor, the temperature sensor, the pH sensor, the vacuum pumping device and the inert gas supply device are all electrically connected to the computing and control device.
[0014] Preferably, a pressure weighing sensor and a placement platform are provided in the vacuum chamber, the fixed end of the pressure weighing sensor is installed at the bottom of the vacuum chamber, the placement platform is installed on the detection end of the pressure weighing sensor through a column, and the pressure weighing sensor is electrically connected to the computing control device.
[0015] Preferably, the liquid heating device includes a filtering device, a circulating pump and a heating device connected in sequence, and a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet are provided at the bottom of the vacuum chamber, the liquid outlet is connected to the filtering device, the liquid inlet is connected to the heating device, and the circulating pump and the heating device are both electrically connected to the computing control device.
[0016] Preferably, the vacuum pumping device comprises a vacuum pump and a condenser, the vacuum chamber is electrically connected to the condenser and the vacuum pump in sequence, and the vacuum pump and the condenser are both electrically connected to the computing control device.
[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:
[0018] In the initial dehydration stage, the present invention gradually reduces the internal pressure of the vacuum cavity to an initial negative pressure, and then gradually reduces the initial negative pressure to a preset negative pressure. This staged pressure reduction method can avoid deformation or cracks of wooden cultural relics caused by a sudden pressure drop, and in the process of reducing the initial negative pressure to the preset negative pressure, inert gas is intermittently added to the interior of the vacuum cavity for back pressure, thereby avoiding excessive dehydration of the surface of the wooden cultural relic, resulting in a difference in dehydration speed between the inside and the outside, generating a large humidity gradient, and causing problems such as internal stress accumulation and secondary damage to the material structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.
[0020] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the wooden cultural relic dehydration and reinforcement system in the embodiment;
[0021] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the reinforcement process of the wooden cultural relic dehydration reinforcement system in the embodiment;
[0022] Figure 3 It is a front view of the dehydration and reinforcement system for wooden cultural relics in the embodiment;
[0023] Figure 4Schematic diagram of the structure of the gas pressure sensor in the wooden cultural relic dehydration and reinforcement system in the embodiment.
[0024] Explanation of the reference numerals in the accompanying drawings: 1. Vacuum chamber; 2. Condenser; 3. Vacuum pump; 4. Placement platform; 5. Reinforcement agent tank; 6. Electric heating plate; 7. Pressure weighing sensor; 8. Column; 9. Filter device; 10. Circulation pump; 11. Heating device; 12. Computing and control equipment; 13. Gas pressure sensor; 14. pH sensor; 15. Temperature sensor; 16. Drain port; 17. Liquid inlet; 18. Liquid outlet; 19. Installation port; 20. Waterproof and breathable membrane; 21. Air pump; 22. Drain valve; 23. Liquid supply valve; 24. Wooden cultural relics; 25. Opening and closing door; 26. Hinge; 27. Inert gas storage tank. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0026] Example 1
[0027] This embodiment provides a method for dehydrating and reinforcing wooden cultural relics. Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the following steps are included:
[0028] S1, initial dehydration stage: the wooden cultural relic 24 is placed in the vacuum chamber 1, and the vacuum chamber 1 is evacuated so that the internal pressure of the vacuum chamber 1 gradually drops to the initial negative pressure, and then gradually drops from the initial negative pressure to the preset negative pressure to avoid deformation or cracks of the wooden cultural relic 24 caused by a sudden drop in pressure. In the process of dropping from the initial negative pressure to the preset negative pressure, it is also necessary to intermittently replenish the interior of the vacuum chamber 1 with inert gas (such as nitrogen) for back pressure to avoid excessive dehydration of the surface of the wooden cultural relic 24, resulting in a difference in dehydration speed between the inside and the outside, and a large humidity gradient. The back pressure value is the middle value between the preset negative pressure and the initial negative pressure;
[0029] S2, cultural relic reinforcement stage: a reinforcement solution is injected into the vacuum chamber 1, and the temperature of the liquid in the vacuum chamber 1 is heated to a preset temperature. After the reinforcement of the reinforcement solution is completed, an inert gas is introduced to gradually raise the pressure in the vacuum chamber to normal pressure, and the wooden cultural relic 24 is taken out.
[0030] This method is more suitable for unearthed and water-excavated wooden artifacts. Because they have been in a water-saturated environment for a long time, the internal water content is usually much higher than that of wooden artifacts that exist in a stable dry environment. Structural damage is more likely to occur during the dehydration process, so targeted reinforcement treatment is required.
[0031] Specific:
[0032] In step S1, part of the free water and gas in the wooden cultural relic 24 will be extracted during the depressurization process, making it easier for the wooden cultural relic 24 to absorb the reinforcing agent solution. The preset negative pressure value is determined according to the initial moisture content of the wooden cultural relic 24. The specific initial moisture content determines the amount of water removed and the dehydration speed. The dehydration speed directly affects the negative pressure of the vacuum chamber 1. At the same time, the negative pressure determines the subsequent penetration pressure of the reinforcing agent solution. For example, if the preset negative pressure is set to -0.095MPa (absolute pressure of about 5kPa), the corresponding initial negative pressure can be set to -0.08MPa (absolute pressure of about 20kPa), and the back pressure value is an intermediate value. For example, when it drops from -0.08MPa to -0.095MPa, the back pressure is -0.0925MPa. This value creates a slight negative pressure environment in the vacuum chamber 1. The above values are for reference only. Different wooden cultural relics have different initial moisture contents, and the set pressure values will also vary. The interval time of pressure recovery directly affects the dehydration and reinforcement rate, and should be adjusted according to the structural characteristics and moisture content distribution of the wooden cultural relics 24. The interval time is adjusted according to the degree of decay of the wood to relieve the pressure that long-term low pressure may cause to the cultural relics. If the moisture content is high, the interval time can be shortened. If the moisture content is low or the cultural relics are relatively fragile, the interval time can be extended. For example, it is recommended to adjust the pressure back to a higher level every 15-30 minutes to relieve the pressure that long-term low pressure may cause to the cultural relics. The number of intervals is dynamically adjusted according to the penetration rate. For example, in step S1, 10-30 intervals are required. After the end of step S1, the moisture content of the wood is measured to drop to 15-20%. After the dehydration stage, the cavity pressure is maintained at -0.05MPa for 10-15 minutes to completely remove residual moisture and gas.
[0033] In step S2, after the reinforcing agent solution is injected into the vacuum chamber 1, the reinforcing agent solution and the dehydrated free water will form a mixed liquid, and the mixed liquid will gradually immerse part or all of the wooden cultural relic 24 therein, and the reinforcing agent solution will replace the moisture in the wooden cultural relic 24. At this time, the temperature of the liquid in the vacuum chamber 1 is heated to a preset temperature (usually 20°C-25°C). After the reinforcement is completed, the pressure is slowly raised to -0.03MPa to avoid boiling of the solution due to a sudden pressure change.
[0034] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 4As shown, before step S1, step S0 is also included: cleaning the surface of the wooden cultural relic 24, and then refrigerating the wooden cultural relic 24. Cleaning is mainly to remove pollutants attached to the wooden cultural relic 24 to avoid affecting dehydration and reinforcement. Refrigeration is mainly to avoid structural changes in the wooden cultural relic 24 before dehydration and reinforcement. For wooden cultural relics 24 with high moisture content, -20°C freezing can be performed to fix the cell structure or a flexible support material can be used to fix the shape of the cultural relic, and then vacuum dehydration can be performed.
[0035] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 4 As shown, in step S2, after the reinforcing agent solution is injected, an inert gas is introduced to maintain the pressure in the vacuum chamber 1 at a reinforcing negative pressure, which is less than the initial negative pressure. If the reinforcing negative pressure is set to -0.02MPa to -0.03MPa, the corresponding initial negative pressure can be set to -0.03MPa to -0.05MPa, and at the same time, periodic back pressure is performed to release local stress, once every 30 minutes, for 2-5 minutes, and the periodic back pressure value is normal pressure or -0.01MPa. In order to maintain a slightly negative pressure environment in the vacuum chamber 1, the pressure difference is used to continue to drive the reinforcing agent to penetrate, so that the reinforcing agent enters the fine pores.
[0036] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 4 As shown, in step S2, the liquid in the vacuum chamber 1 is circulated and discharged and returned to drive the reinforcing agent solution to be evenly distributed in the mixed liquid in the vacuum chamber 1, which is conducive to the uniform distribution of the reinforcing agent solution in the wooden cultural relics.
[0037] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 4 As shown, in step S2, the wooden cultural relic 24 is continuously weighed. When the weight change rate is less than the preset change value within the preset weighing time, it is determined that the reinforcement is completed, and the step of increasing the pressure in the vacuum chamber 1 to normal pressure is performed. The preset weighing time is 2 hours, and the preset change value is 0.05% / h, that is, when the continuous hourly mass change rate is less than 0.05% / h, it is determined that the reinforcement is completed, and after the infiltration is completed, the pressure is restored to normal pressure at a rate of 0.005MPa / 10min to prevent the reverse osmosis of the reinforcement agent due to rapid pressure relief, and at the same time, the set temperature of the reinforcement agent is maintained for 1 hour to promote the (cross-linking) curing of the reinforcement agent.
[0038] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 4 As shown, in step S2, the pH value in the vacuum chamber 1 is monitored and recorded. The pH value can be calculated by conductivity, or it can be monitored by setting a pH monitoring device in the vacuum chamber 1.
[0039] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 4 As shown, in step S2, when adding the reinforcing agent solution, the reinforcing agent solution needs to be gradually injected, and the reinforcing agent solution is such as polyethylene glycol or trehalose solution.
[0040] Example 2
[0041] This embodiment provides a wooden cultural relic dehydration and reinforcement system, which can be used to implement the wooden cultural relic dehydration and reinforcement method in Example 1, and of course can also be used to implement other dehydration and reinforcement methods that are different from Example 1. In addition, it should be noted that the wooden cultural relic dehydration and reinforcement method in Example 1 does not necessarily have to be implemented using this wooden cultural relic dehydration and reinforcement system, and any other system that can implement the method in Example 1 can also be used.
[0042] This system is more suitable for unearthed and water-excavated wooden artifacts. Because they have been in a water-saturated environment for a long time, the internal moisture content is usually much higher than that of wooden artifacts that exist in a stable dry environment. Structural damage is more likely to occur during the dehydration process, so targeted reinforcement treatment is required.
[0043] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the dehydration and reinforcement system for wooden cultural relics includes a vacuum chamber 1, a vacuum pumping device, a reinforcement liquid supply device, an inert gas supply device and a computing and control device 12. The vacuum chamber 1 is used to place wooden cultural relics 24. The vacuum chamber 1 is connected to the vacuum pumping device, and the vacuum chamber 1 is evacuated by the vacuum pumping device to provide a vacuum negative pressure environment for the vacuum chamber 1. The reinforcement liquid supply device is used to provide a reinforcement solution to the inside of the vacuum chamber 1. The liquid heating device is used to heat the liquid in the vacuum chamber 1. The inert gas supply device is used to introduce an inert gas into the inside of the vacuum chamber 1. A gas pressure sensor 13, a pH sensor 14 and a temperature sensor 15 are provided in the vacuum chamber 1. The gas pressure sensor 13 is used to monitor the gas pressure in the vacuum chamber 1, so the gas pressure sensor 13 should be set at a position higher than the liquid level of the later mixed liquid. The pH sensor 14 is used to monitor the pH value of the liquid. The temperature sensor 15 is used to monitor the temperature of the liquid, so the temperature sensor 15 should be able to be immersed in the mixed liquid during monitoring. A drain port 16 is provided at the bottom of the vacuum chamber 1, and the liquid in the vacuum chamber 1 can be discharged by opening the drain port 16 after dehydration and reinforcement. The liquid heating device, the reinforcement liquid supply device, the gas pressure sensor 13, the pH sensor 14, the temperature sensor 15, the vacuum pumping device and the inert gas supply device are all electrically connected to the computing and control device 12. The computing and control device 12 is used to coordinate and control various devices, collect monitoring information and perform corresponding calculations, and preset various parameters in advance, such as the vacuum degree, the initial liquid temperature, etc.
[0044] Working process:
[0045] First, the wooden cultural relic 24 is placed in the vacuum chamber 1, and preset parameters are set for the computing control device 12. The computing control device 12 controls the vacuum pumping device to start vacuuming the vacuum chamber 1, so that the internal pressure of the vacuum chamber 1 gradually drops to the initial negative pressure, and then gradually drops from the initial negative pressure to the preset negative pressure. During the depressurization process, some free water and gas in the wooden cultural relic 24 will be extracted, so that the wooden cultural relic 24 can more easily absorb the reinforcing agent solution;
[0046] Then, the computing and controlling device 12 controls the reinforcing agent liquid supply device to inject the reinforcing agent solution into the vacuum chamber 1. The reinforcing agent solution and the dehydrated free water will form a mixed liquid, and the mixed liquid will gradually immerse part or all of the wooden cultural relic 24 therein. At this time, the temperature of the liquid in the vacuum chamber 1 is heated to a preset temperature. After the reinforcing agent solution completes the reinforcement, the computing and controlling device 12 starts the inert gas supply device again to inject the inert gas into the vacuum chamber 1. The inert gas is introduced into the vacuum chamber 1, and the wooden cultural relic 24 is taken out after the pressure in the vacuum chamber 1 rises to normal pressure.
[0047] Finally, check the appearance and color of the wooden cultural relic 24, confirm that there is no significant change in the appearance of the wooden cultural relic 24 and the color is uniform, ensure that the humidity of the wooden cultural relic 24 in the long-term storage environment is stable, avoid secondary moisture absorption, record detailed data of the dehydration and reinforcement process, and formulate a long-term monitoring plan.
[0048] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a pressure weighing sensor 7 and a placement platform 4 are provided in the vacuum chamber 1. The fixed end of the pressure weighing sensor 7 is installed at the bottom of the vacuum chamber 1. The placement platform 4 is installed on the detection end of the pressure weighing sensor 7 through the column 8. The pressure weighing sensor 7 is electrically connected to the computing control device 12. The mass of the wooden cultural relic 24 is transmitted to the column 8 through the placement platform 4, and then the column 8 applies vertical pressure to the pressure weighing sensor 7. The pressure weighing sensor 7 outputs an electrical signal to the computing control device 12. The computing control device 12 automatically calculates the actual mass to continuously weigh the wooden cultural relic 24. When the weight change rate is less than the preset change value within the preset weighing time, it is determined that the reinforcement is completed, and the step of raising the pressure in the vacuum chamber 1 to normal pressure is performed. For example, when the mass change rate is less than 0.05% / h for 2 consecutive hours, it is determined that the reinforcement is completed.
[0049] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the temperature sensors 15 are located at both ends of the placement platform 4. After the wooden artifact 24 is placed, the temperature sensors 15 can be close to both ends of the wooden artifact 24, and the measured temperature can be closer to the temperature of the liquid entering the wooden artifact 24.
[0050] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 4As shown, the liquid heating device includes a filter device 9, a circulation pump 10 and a heating device 11, and the filter device 9, the circulation pump 10 and the heating device 11 are connected in sequence. A liquid inlet 17 and a liquid outlet 18 are provided at the bottom of the vacuum cavity 1, the liquid outlet 18 is connected to the filter device 9, and the liquid inlet 17 is connected to the heating device 11. The circulation pump 10 and the heating device 11 are both electrically connected to the computing control device 12. When the circulation pump 10 is started, the liquid in the vacuum cavity 1 will first pass through the filter device 9, and then flow back to the vacuum cavity 1 through the circulation pump 10 and the heating device 11 to heat the liquid. At the same time, by circulating and pumping the liquid, it can also stir the liquid in the vacuum cavity 1, so that the reinforcing agent solution is evenly distributed in the vacuum cavity 1, which is conducive to the uniform penetration of the reinforcing agent into the wooden cultural relic 24.
[0051] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the vacuum pumping device includes a condenser 2 and a vacuum pump 3, the vacuum chamber 1 is electrically connected to the condenser 2 and the vacuum pump 3 in sequence, and the condenser 2 and the vacuum pump 3 are electrically connected to the computing control device 12. The condenser 2 can condense the moisture in the extracted gas to avoid corrosion to the vacuum pump 3 due to long-term use.
[0052] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the vacuum chamber 1 is provided with a locking door 25, which is hinged to the vacuum chamber 1 through a hinge 26. The door 25 can be opened to place wooden cultural relics 24 or clean the vacuum chamber 1, and the door 25 can be closed and locked to perform vacuuming.
[0053] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the computing and control device 12 is arranged on the opening and closing door 25 .
[0054] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a mounting opening 19 is provided on the inner side wall of the vacuum chamber 1, and the gas pressure sensor 13 is embedded in the mounting opening 19. A waterproof breathable membrane 20 is provided at the mouth of the mounting opening 19 to seal it to prevent water vapor from entering the mounting opening 19 and corroding the gas pressure sensor 13.
[0055] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a drain valve 22 is provided at the liquid outlet 18 , and the drain valve 22 is a solenoid valve. The drain valve 22 is electrically connected to the computing control device 12 . When the pressure in the vacuum chamber 1 rises to normal pressure, the drain valve 22 can be driven to open to discharge the liquid in the vacuum chamber 1 .
[0056] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 4As shown, the reinforcing agent liquid supply device includes a reinforcing agent tank 5, an electric heating plate 6 is provided at the bottom of the reinforcing agent tank 5, the reinforcing agent tank 5 is connected to the vacuum chamber 1 through a liquid supply pipe, a liquid supply valve 23 is provided on the liquid supply pipe, and the liquid supply valve 23 and the electric heating plate 6 are evenly electrically connected to the computing control device 12. The computing control device 12 controls the opening and closing and the opening degree of the liquid supply valve 23 to control the liquid flow rate and flow rate. When in use, the computing control device 12 controls the electric heating plate 6 to heat the reinforcing agent in the reinforcing agent tank 5 to form a liquid reinforcing agent. The preset temperature during heating is usually controlled at 40°C to 60°C, such as PEG (polyethylene glycol) reagent is usually controlled at 50°C to 60°C, and trehalose is usually controlled at 40°C-50°C.
[0057] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the inert gas supply device includes an inert gas storage tank 27 and an air pump 21. The inert gas storage tank 27 is connected to the interior of the vacuum chamber 1 through the air pump 21. The air pump 21 is electrically connected to the computing and control device 12. Starting the air pump 21 can realize quantitative and constant speed supply of inert gas. Preferably, a flow sensor (not shown) can be set on the gas supply pipeline connecting the air pump 21 and the vacuum chamber 1. The flow sensor is electrically connected to the computing and control device 12 to detect the supply amount. The inert gas needs to be selected, usually nitrogen.
[0058] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for dehydrating and reinforcing wooden cultural relics, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, initial dehydration stage: placing the wooden cultural relic in a vacuum chamber, evacuating the vacuum chamber, causing the pressure inside the vacuum chamber to gradually drop to an initial negative pressure, and then gradually drop from the initial negative pressure to a preset negative pressure, and in the process of dropping from the initial negative pressure to the preset negative pressure, intermittently replenishing inert gas into the vacuum chamber for back pressure, and the back pressure value is the middle value between the preset negative pressure and the initial negative pressure; S2, cultural relic reinforcement stage: inject a reinforcement solution into the vacuum chamber, heat the temperature of the liquid in the vacuum chamber to a preset temperature, and after the reinforcement solution is completed, introduce inert gas to gradually raise the pressure in the vacuum chamber to normal pressure, and take out the wooden cultural relics.
2. The method for dehydrating and reinforcing wooden cultural relics according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before step S1, the method further includes step S0: cleaning the surface of the wooden cultural relic, and then refrigerating the wooden cultural relic.
3. The method for dehydrating and reinforcing wooden cultural relics according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, after the reinforcing agent solution is injected, an inert gas is introduced to maintain the pressure in the vacuum chamber at a reinforcing negative pressure, where the reinforcing negative pressure is less than the initial negative pressure.
4. The method for dehydrating and reinforcing wooden cultural relics according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the liquid in the vacuum chamber is circulated, discharged and returned.
5. The method for dehydrating and reinforcing wooden cultural relics according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the wooden cultural relic is continuously weighed, and when the weight change rate is less than a preset change value within a preset weighing time, it is determined that the reinforcement is completed, and the pressure in the vacuum chamber is increased to normal pressure.
6. The method for dehydrating and reinforcing wooden cultural relics according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the pH value of the solution in the vacuum chamber is monitored and recorded.
7. A dehydration and reinforcement system for wooden cultural relics, characterized in that: The invention comprises a vacuum chamber, a vacuum pumping device, a reinforcing agent liquid supply device, a liquid heating device, an inert gas supply device and a computing and controlling device. The reinforcing agent liquid supply device is used to provide a reinforcing agent solution to the vacuum chamber, the liquid heating device is used to heat the liquid in the vacuum chamber, the inert gas supply device is used to introduce an inert gas into the vacuum chamber, a gas pressure sensor for monitoring the air pressure, a temperature sensor for monitoring the liquid temperature and a pH sensor for monitoring the pH value are arranged in the vacuum chamber, the vacuum chamber is connected to the vacuum pumping device, and the liquid heating device, the reinforcing agent liquid supply device, the gas pressure sensor, the temperature sensor, the pH sensor, the vacuum pumping device and the inert gas supply device are all electrically connected to the computing and controlling device.
8. The wooden cultural relic dehydration and reinforcement system according to claim 7, characterized in that: A pressure weighing sensor and a placement platform are provided in the vacuum chamber. The fixed end of the pressure weighing sensor is installed at the bottom of the vacuum chamber. The placement platform is installed on the detection end of the pressure weighing sensor through a column. The pressure weighing sensor is electrically connected to the computing control device.
9. The wooden cultural relic dehydration and reinforcement system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The liquid heating device includes a filtering device, a circulating pump and a heating device connected in sequence. A liquid inlet and a liquid outlet are provided at the bottom of the vacuum chamber. The liquid outlet is connected to the filtering device, and the liquid inlet is connected to the heating device. The circulating pump and the heating device are both electrically connected to the computing control device.
10. The wooden cultural relic dehydration and reinforcement system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The vacuum pumping device comprises a vacuum pump and a condenser. The vacuum chamber is electrically connected to the condenser and the vacuum pump in sequence. The vacuum pump and the condenser are both electrically connected to the computing control device.