Corn special fertilizer for promoting root acidification and application of corn special fertilizer in calcareous soil

Abstract

The invention discloses a special corn fertilizer capable of promoting root acidification and application of the special corn fertilizer in calcareous soil, and belongs to the technical field of fertilizers. The special corn fertilizer for promoting root acidification provided by the invention is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 85.3%-95% of fertilizer, 0.9%-1.4% of zinc fertilizer, 0.26%-0.3% of nitrification inhibitor and 3.4%-13.5% of acidic filler, totaling 100%, the fertilizer comprises a nitrogen fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer is composed of an ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and a urea nitrogen fertilizer, in the nitrogen fertilizer, the mass percentage of ammonium nitrogen in the ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is 20%-40%, the mass percentage of urea nitrogen in the urea nitrogen fertilizer is 60%-80%, and the total mass percentage is 100%. The special fertilizer for corn prepared by the invention can realize intelligent self-organizing adjustment of root-fertilizer mutual feedback, and maximumly utilizes fertilizer and soil nutrients.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, and more specifically to a special fertilizer for corn for promoting root acidification and application thereof in calcareous soil. Background Art

[0002] Calcareous soil, also known as alkaline soil, is a general term for soils containing calcareous substances such as calcium carbonate or calcium bicarbonate in the soil profile. 2+ The high pH value leads to serious fixation of nutrients such as phosphorus and zinc and low effectiveness, which leads to serious waste of resources and environmental pollution.

[0003] Patent CN113717010A discloses a method for preparing a zinc-efficient corn fertilizer suitable for calcareous soil. A mixed solution of sulfur, zinc oxide, and bio-based polyurethane is prepared separately and sprayed on the fertilizer surface. The preparation of the mixed solution requires a large number of raw materials and the preparation process and fertilizer production process are cumbersome and complicated.

[0004] Patent CN115819136A discloses a special fertilizer for corn in the Huanghuaihai region and its application. The soil environment is improved by adding a variety of humic acid fertilizers. However, the humic acid fertilizers used are mostly alkaline and are not suitable for the alkaline soil in the Huanghuaihai corn planting area.

[0005] Patent CN115141066A discloses a special fertilizer for corn, its preparation method and application, which uses acidic raw materials (such as adding a small amount of ammonium sulfate) to produce compound fertilizer to improve the pH of sandy alkaline soil, but ignores the precise compatibility and other advantages of different nutrient forms, and lacks the addition of trace elements.

[0006] At present, there are still few special fertilizers designed for corn growth on calcareous soils, and most of the existing products, like the inventions listed above, add a variety of humic acid and other enhancers or spray fertilizers to achieve their effects, which are complicated to prepare or costly, and ignore the plant's own growth characteristics and biological potential. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a special fertilizer for corn that promotes root acidification and its application in calcareous soil. The special fertilizer for corn prepared by the present invention can realize intelligent self-organized regulation of root-fertilizer mutual feedback and maximize the utilization of fertilizer and soil nutrients.

[0008] The first object of the present invention is to provide a special fertilizer for corn that promotes root acidification, which is made of the following components in percentage by mass: 85.3% to 95% fertilizer, 0.9% to 1.4% zinc fertilizer, 0.26% to 0.3% nitrification inhibitor, and 3.4% to 13.5% acid filler.

[0009] The fertilizers include nitrogen fertilizers, which are composed of ammonium nitrogen fertilizers and urea nitrogen fertilizers. Among the nitrogen fertilizers, the mass percentage of ammonium nitrogen in the ammonium nitrogen fertilizers is 20%~40%, and the mass percentage of urea nitrogen in the urea nitrogen fertilizers is 60%~80%, which totals 100%.

[0010] It should be noted that the formula of the corn fertilizer designed by the present invention is 26-7-8, that is, the fertilizer contains 26% pure nitrogen nutrients, 7% pure phosphorus nutrients, and 8% pure potassium nutrients. This formula is calculated based on the nutrient demand law of corn and the nutrient supply status of soil by the target yield method, and can match the nutrients required for corn growth.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mass percentage of ammonium nitrogen in the ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is 30% to 40%, and the mass percentage of urea nitrogen in the urea nitrogen fertilizer is 60% to 70%, which is 100% in total.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is the first nitrogen fertilizer and the second nitrogen fertilizer.

[0013] The first nitrogen fertilizer is monoammonium phosphate, and the second nitrogen fertilizer is ammonium sulfate and / or ammonium chloride.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fertilizer is made of the following components in parts by mass: 0 to 30.6 parts of ammonium sulfate, 0 to 36.1 parts of ammonium chloride, 33.9 to 45.2 parts of urea, 11.5 to 14.9 parts of monoammonium phosphate, and 13.3 parts of potassium chloride.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the zinc fertilizer is zinc sulfate heptahydrate and / or zinc sulfate monohydrate.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the nitrification inhibitor is one or more of 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, dicyandiamide and chloromethylpyridine.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the acidic filler is one or more of sulfur, phosphogypsum, raffinate, backwater, peanut bran, lees or coconut bran. It should be noted that raffinate and backwater are by-products in the phosphorus chemical industry. Raffinate is the process of purifying wet phosphoric acid by solvent extraction. After extraction and purification using benzene as an extractant, part of the phosphoric acid will inevitably remain because the extraction rate cannot reach 100%. This part of phosphoric acid is the raffinate. Backwater is the wastewater that is reused after being treated in the practice of phosphate ore dressing.

[0018] The second object of the present invention is to provide the application of the above-mentioned special fertilizer for corn that promotes root acidification in calcareous soil, wherein the pH of the calcareous soil is greater than 7.5.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the application amount is 40 kg / mu to 70 kg / mu.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The special fertilizer for corn provided by the present invention uses the mass percentage of ammonium nitrogen in ammonium nitrogen fertilizer of 20%~40% in nitrogen fertilizer, and the mass percentage of urea nitrogen in urea nitrogen fertilizer is 60%~80% in a specific ratio, strengthens the rhizosphere local acidification induced by the root system, and adds nitrification inhibitors at the same time, which not only ensures that the ammonium nitrogen in the early stage of corn growth quickly supplies nitrogen nutrients, but also maintains the ammonium nitrogen form for a long time to greatly promote the hyperplasia of corn lateral roots, induces strong acidification of the rhizosphere, further promotes root hyperplasia and nutrient activation absorption, and forms a cascade amplification effect of crop nutrient activation utilization; gives full play to the biological potential of corn root system, realizes the intelligent self-organization regulation of root fertilizer mutual feedback, and maximizes the utilization of fertilizer and soil nutrients. In addition, the addition of nitrification inhibitors can inhibit the conversion of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen, reduce nitrate leaching losses, facilitate the continuous absorption and utilization of nitrogen nutrients by crops, realize the slow release effect of nitrogen nutrients, match the allometric nitrogen demand of corn at different growth stages, and one-time fertilization can also ensure the nitrogen demand of corn growth in the later stage, while reducing weight and increasing efficiency, saving labor and saving production costs. The present invention makes full use of the biological characteristics of the plant itself, combines fertilizer nutrient regulation with the growth characteristics of corn root system, uses basic common fertilizers as compound fertilizer raw materials, reduces preparation costs, reduces process difficulty, and fully promotes corn root system growth, increases nutrient absorption, and improves nutrient effectiveness through specific regulation of nutrient content and morphological ratio.

[0021] 2. The corn fertilizer of the present invention uses industrial or agricultural acidic byproducts as acidic fillers, which, on the one hand, improves the alkaline soil environment, activates nutrients, and improves nutrient effectiveness; on the other hand, it consumes industrial and agricultural byproducts to achieve resource recycling, reduce production costs, embody the green characteristics of the product of the present invention, and promote the green and sustainable development of industry and agriculture. In addition, the various raw materials of the present invention also provide a large amount of combined sulfur and elemental sulfur, which also play a role in reducing the pH of calcareous soil.

[0022] 3. The special fertilizer for corn of the present invention is a green intelligent fertilizer. It combines the endogenous regulation of the nutrient-induced plant body reaction on the root system / rhizosphere process with the exogenous regulation of the physical properties of the fertilizer on the soil environment. Through the comprehensive regulation of endogenous and exogenous sources, it improves the utilization rate of fertilizer and soil nutrients and achieves increased corn production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the fertilizer product obtained by extrusion granulation in Example 2.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a graph showing the particle strength of the fertilizer product of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] The nitrogen requirement of corn at different growth stages is 3% at the seedling stage, 70% at the ear stage, and 27% at the grain stage. Plants absorb ammonium nitrogen with less energy consumption and faster speed. 2+ The problem of excessive nitrogen absorption leads to reduced effectiveness of nutrients such as phosphorus and zinc, which reduces the absorption of nutrients by plants and limits their growth. The present invention is based on the fact that plants can release H after absorbing ammonium nitrogen. + With the characteristics of lowering soil pH and promoting lateral root growth, the ratio of ammonium nitrogen to urea nitrogen is 2:8-4:6. Ammonium nitrogen is used to quickly supply the nitrogen nutrients that corn urgently needs during the seedling and early ear stage. Ammonium nitrogen can induce lateral root proliferation to promote root system construction, increase root system's absorption and utilization of nutrients, induce rhizosphere acidification, lower calcareous soil pH, and improve the effectiveness of nutrients in the soil. At the same time, urea nitrogen is slowly converted into ammonium nitrogen, which continuously supplies nitrogen nutrients needed for corn growth in the later stage.

[0027] Example 1 15.3 parts of ammonium chloride, 45.2 parts of urea, 11.5 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 13.3 parts of potassium chloride, 0.9 parts of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.3 parts of 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, and 13.5 parts of phosphogypsum were respectively weighed, and the above raw materials were mixed uniformly to obtain a mixture.

[0028] Water is added at 2% of the mass of the mixture, and granulation is performed by extrusion to obtain particles with a particle size of about 4 mm. The particles are dried to complete the preparation of a special fertilizer for root-promoting acidification of corn with a mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen to urea nitrogen of 2:8.

[0029] Example 2 30.6 parts of ammonium sulfate, 39.6 parts of urea, 11.5 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 13.3 parts of potassium chloride, 0.9 parts of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.3 parts of 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, and 3.8 parts of phosphogypsum were respectively weighed, and the above raw materials were mixed uniformly to obtain a mixture.

[0030] Water is added at 2% of the mass of the mixture, and granulation is performed by extrusion to obtain particles with a particle size of about 4 mm. The particles are dried to complete the preparation of a special fertilizer for root-promoting acidification of corn with a mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen to urea nitrogen of 3:7.

[0031] Example 3 36.1 parts of ammonium chloride, 33.9 parts of urea, 11.5 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 13.3 parts of potassium chloride, 0.9 parts of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.3 parts of 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, and 4 parts of phosphogypsum were respectively weighed, and the above raw materials were mixed uniformly to obtain a mixture.

[0032] Water is added at 2% of the mass of the mixture, and granulation is performed by extrusion to obtain particles with a particle size of about 4 mm. The particles are dried to complete the preparation of a special fertilizer for root-promoting acidification of corn with a mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen to urea nitrogen of 4:6.

[0033] Example 4 9.5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 8.0 parts of ammonium chloride, 45.2 parts of urea, 14.9 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 13.3 parts of potassium chloride, 1.4 parts of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.3 parts of dicyandiamide, and 7.4 parts of sulfur were respectively weighed and uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture.

[0034] Water is added at 2% of the mass of the mixture, and granulation is performed by extrusion to obtain particles with a particle size of about 4 mm. The particles are dried to complete the preparation of a special fertilizer for root-promoting acidification of corn with a mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen to urea nitrogen of 2:8.

[0035] Example 5 22.5 parts of ammonium chloride, 41.0 parts of urea, 12 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 13.3 parts of potassium chloride, 1 part of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.26 parts of chloromethylpyridine, and 9.94 parts of coconut bran were respectively weighed, and the above raw materials were uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture.

[0036] Water is added at 2% of the mass of the mixture, and granulation is performed by extrusion to obtain particles with a particle size of about 4 mm. The particles are dried to complete the preparation of a special fertilizer for root-promoting acidification of corn with a mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen to urea nitrogen of 3:7.

[0037] Comparative Example 1 53.5 parts of urea, 11.5 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 13.3 parts of potassium chloride, 0.9 parts of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.3 parts of 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, and 20.5 parts of phosphogypsum were respectively weighed, and the above raw materials were mixed uniformly to obtain a mixture.

[0038] Water was added at 2% of the mass of the mixture, and granulation was performed by extrusion to obtain particles with a particle size of about 4 mm. The particles were dried to complete the preparation of a comparative fertilizer with a mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen to urea nitrogen of 0:10.

[0039] This comparative example omits the raw materials required for ammonium nitrogen. However, since the fertilizer formula is fixed, the nitrogen content of ammonium sulfate or ammonium chloride that originally provides ammonium nitrogen is reduced, and this part of nitrogen is provided by urea with a high nitrogen content. In addition, the required formula amount of the fertilizer is supplemented by adding acidic fillers.

[0040] Comparative Example 2 5.8 parts of ammonium sulfate, 33.9 parts of urea, 11.5 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 13.3 parts of potassium chloride, 0.9 parts of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.3 parts of 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, and 34.3 parts of phosphogypsum were respectively weighed, and the above raw materials were mixed uniformly to obtain a mixture.

[0041] Water was added at 2% of the mass of the mixture, and granulation was performed by extrusion to obtain particles with a particle size of about 4 mm. The particles were dried to complete the preparation of a comparative fertilizer with a mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen to urea nitrogen of 1:9.

[0042] The fertilizers prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2 were used to carry out pot tests and field tests to compare the effects of compound fertilizers prepared with different ammonium urea ratios on corn growth.

[0043] (1) Pot test of fertilizer efficacy of corn fertilizer prepared by the present invention The test soil was taken from the field of Quzhou Experimental Station of China Agricultural University in Quzhou County, Handan City, Hebei Province, with a soil pH of 8.5. There were 5 treatments in the experiment, as shown in Table 1, with 4 replicates for each treatment. Each pot was filled with 2.5 kg of soil, and the fertilizer was 3 g / kg of soil, and the soil and fertilizer were mixed evenly. Corn was harvested after 45 days of growth. It should be noted that different letters after the same column of data in Table 1 represent significant differences between treatments ( P <0.05).

[0044] Table 1 Effects of compound fertilizers prepared with different ammonium urea ratios on corn growth As can be seen from Table 1, the pH of the rhizosphere soil in Comparative Example 2 with 10% ammonium nitrogen added was only reduced compared with Comparative Example 1 without ammonium nitrogen addition, and there was no significant difference in the root dry weight and the aboveground dry weight. The pH of the rhizosphere soil in Examples 1 to 3 was significantly reduced by 0.1-0.15 units compared with Comparative Example 1 without ammonium nitrogen addition, the root dry weight was significantly increased by 8.25-12.37%, and the aboveground dry weight was significantly increased by 2.64-4.97%.

[0045] Furthermore, the pH of the rhizosphere soil in Examples 2 and 3 was significantly lower than that in Example 1, and the aboveground dry weight was significantly increased, and the root dry weight of Example 3 was significantly increased compared with that in Example 1. This indicates that the addition of an appropriate amount of ammonium nitrogen effectively acidifies the rhizosphere, significantly promotes the growth of the corn root system and aboveground part, and that the combination of ammonium nitrogen and urea nitrogen has a synergistic effect.

[0046] Figure 1 This is the fertilizer product granulated by extrusion in Example 2.

[0047] Figure 2 The particle strength of the special fertilizer for corn prepared in Examples 2 and 3 is Figure 2It can be seen that the strength of the fertilizer particles of the present invention is greater than 12 N. In the preparation process of the present invention, the air between the particles is discharged by extrusion granulation, so that the distance between the particles is close enough, thereby generating attractive forces, such as van der Waals force, adsorption force, etc. These intermolecular forces enhance the bonding strength between the particles, so that the strength of the particles of extrusion granulation is higher, which meets the quality standards of compound fertilizers. It should be noted that the horizontal line inside the box plot refers to the median line, and the box refers to the average value.

[0048] (2) Field efficacy verification of the special fertilizer for corn prepared by the present invention The experiment was conducted at the Shangzhuang Experimental Station of China Agricultural University in Beijing from June to October 2023. The soil pH was 8.32, and there were three treatments: (1) CF: conventional fertilization, specifically urea, superphosphate, and potassium chloride.

[0049] (2) GIF1: Example 2 of the present invention provides a green intelligent special fertilizer for corn with an ammonium urea ratio of 3:7.

[0050] (3) GIF2: Example 3 of the present invention provides a green intelligent special fertilizer for corn with an ammonium to urea ratio of 4:6.

[0051] Fertilizer application rate NP in CF treatment 2 O 5 -K 2 O 225-75-80 kg / hm 2 Among them, nitrogen fertilizer is applied as basal fertilizer and topdressing in the large bell mouth period according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are all applied as basal fertilizer. Specifically, the nitrogen content in urea is 46%, so the urea fertilizer application rate is 489 kg / hm 2 , the phosphorus content in superphosphate is 12%, so the amount of superphosphate applied is 625 kg / hm 2 The potassium content of potassium chloride is 60%, and the amount of potassium chloride applied is 133 kg / hm 2 . Corn is harvested when it is ripe.

[0052] GIF1 and GIF2 were both treated with a one-time application of 865 kg / hm2 as basal fertilizer. 2 The fertilization method is strip application, and the fertilizer is applied 5 cm×5 cm below the seeds.

[0053] As shown in Table 2, the soil pH treated with the special fertilizer for corn in the present invention is significantly lower than that treated with conventional fertilizers, and the root biomass and yield of corn are significantly increased. This is because the special fertilizer for corn prepared in the present invention adds a specific proportion of ammonium nitrogen and uses an acidic filler, which induces the release of H after the plant absorbs ammonium nitrogen. +The acidity of the filler and the ammonium nitrogen in the soil can reduce soil pH and increase the availability of nutrients in calcareous soils. In addition, a specific proportion of ammonium nitrogen can promote the proliferation of corn lateral roots, increase root biomass, and increase nutrient acquisition and absorption by the roots, thereby promoting corn growth and increasing yield.

[0054] Among them, the soil pH of GIF2 treatment was 0.11 units lower than that of conventional fertilization, and the root dry weight and yield increased by 14.99% and 23.32% respectively compared with conventional fertilization. This shows that the special fertilizer for corn of the present invention can improve the alkaline soil environment, significantly promote the growth of corn roots, and thus increase nutrient absorption and corn yield. It should be noted that different letters after the same column of data in Table 2 represent significant differences between treatments ( P <0.05).

[0055] Table 2 Effects of different fertilizer treatments on soil pH and corn growth Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art may make other changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0056] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A special fertilizer for corn that promotes root acidification, characterized in that: Made of the following components in percentage by mass: 85.3% to 95% fertilizer, 0.9% to 1.4% zinc fertilizer, 0.26% to 0.3% nitrification inhibitor and 3.4% to 13.5% acid filler, totaling 100%; The fertilizer includes nitrogen fertilizer, which is composed of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and urea nitrogen fertilizer. Among the nitrogen fertilizers, the mass percentage of ammonium nitrogen in the ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is 20%~40%, and the mass percentage of urea nitrogen in the urea nitrogen fertilizer is 60%~80%, which totals 100%.

2. The special fertilizer for corn that promotes root acidification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass percentage of ammonium nitrogen in ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is 30%~40%, and the mass percentage of urea nitrogen in urea nitrogen fertilizer is 60%~70%, which totals 100%.

3. The special fertilizer for corn that promotes root acidification according to claim 1, characterized in that: Ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is the first and second nitrogen fertilizer; The first nitrogen fertilizer is monoammonium phosphate, and the second nitrogen fertilizer is ammonium sulfate and / or ammonium chloride.

4. The special fertilizer for corn that promotes root acidification according to claim 1, characterized in that: Urea nitrogen fertilizer is urea.

5. The special fertilizer for corn for promoting root acidification according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fertilizer is made of the following components in parts by mass: 0 to 30.6 parts of ammonium sulfate, 0 to 36.1 parts of ammonium chloride, 33.9 to 45.2 parts of urea, 11.5 to 14.9 parts of monoammonium phosphate, and 13.3 parts of potassium chloride.

6. The special fertilizer for corn for promoting root acidification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The zinc fertilizer is zinc sulfate heptahydrate and / or zinc sulfate monohydrate.

7. The special fertilizer for corn for promoting root acidification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nitrification inhibitor is one or more of 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, dicyandiamide and chloromethylpyridine.

8. The special fertilizer for corn for promoting root acidification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acid filler is one or more of sulfur, phosphogypsum, raffinate, return water, peanut bran, distiller's grains or coconut bran.

9. Use of the special fertilizer for promoting root acidification of corn according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in calcareous soil, characterized in that: The pH of calcareous soil is > 7.

5.

10. The use of a special fertilizer for corn that promotes root acidification in calcareous soil according to claim 9, characterized in that: The application rate is 40 kg / mu~70 kg / mu.

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