Antistatic and dustproof coating for photovoltaic module and preparation method of antistatic and dustproof coating

Abstract

The invention provides an antistatic and dustproof coating for a photovoltaic module and a preparation method of the antistatic and dustproof coating. The coating comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-80 parts of modified epoxy resin, 20-40 parts of a composite antistatic agent, 5-10 parts of a curing agent, 1-3 parts of a tackifier and 0.5-2 parts of a flatting agent. The coating prepared by the invention has low surface resistance and small dust staining amount per unit area, has strong antistatic property and good dustproof performance, has low abrasion loss, has good wear resistance and mechanical property, and can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of a photovoltaic module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of coatings, and in particular relates to an antistatic and dustproof coating for photovoltaic components and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic modules, also known as solar panels, are components made of several single cells connected in series and parallel and tightly sealed. They are responsible for converting solar energy into electrical energy. They are the core component of photovoltaic power generation systems and are widely used in transportation, communications / telecommunications, medical care, military and other fields.

[0003] The power generation efficiency of photovoltaic modules is mainly affected by factors such as radiation, temperature and external installation environment. Among them, the impact of dust accumulation on the surface of photovoltaic modules is the most obvious, which not only leads to a decrease in the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of the modules, but also causes uneven heating on the surface of the modules and shortens the life of the modules. Therefore, how to reduce external environmental interference and make full use of solar energy resources is the most difficult problem that the photovoltaic industry needs to solve.

[0004] The existing technology mainly forms a special coating to protect photovoltaic modules by coating a layer of functional materials on the surface of photovoltaic modules. For example, anionic antistatic agents such as monolauryl ether phosphate potassium salt are used to reduce the surface resistance of photovoltaic modules, improve conductivity, and prevent particles from being adsorbed on the surface to cause low light transmittance and other problems. However, there are still problems such as poor dustproof effect, weak antistatic ability and poor wear resistance, resulting in low photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic modules.

[0005] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, how to provide a coating with strong antistatic properties, good dustproof properties and good wear resistance to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic modules is an urgent problem to be solved by the present invention. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide an antistatic and dustproof coating for photovoltaic modules and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides an antistatic and dustproof coating for photovoltaic modules, characterized in that the coating comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-80 parts of modified epoxy resin, 20-40 parts of composite antistatic agent, 5-10 parts of curing agent, 1-3 parts of tackifier, and 0.5-2 parts of leveling agent;

[0008] The composite antistatic agent comprises a modified urea-formaldehyde resin and a cationic antistatic agent.

[0009] As a further improvement, the modified urea-formaldehyde resin is prepared by reacting urea-formaldehyde resin, tin dioxide and pyrrole.

[0010] As a further improvement, the synthesis of the modified urea-formaldehyde resin comprises the following steps:

[0011] (1) pyrrole and tin dioxide are stirred and mixed in distilled water for 10-40 minutes, then sodium p-toluenesulfonate is added and stirred for 1-10 minutes, and then ferric chloride is added dropwise and stirred for 30-60 minutes, followed by post-treatment to obtain a composite intermediate;

[0012] (2) dissolving the composite intermediate obtained in step (1) in an organic solvent, ultrasonically mixing for 5-15 minutes, adding urea-formaldehyde resin, stirring and mixing for 20-50 minutes, and post-treating to obtain a modified urea-formaldehyde resin.

[0013] As a further improvement, the cationic antistatic agent is at least one of a quaternary ammonium salt antistatic agent and an alkyl imidazoline antistatic agent.

[0014] As a further improvement, the quaternary ammonium salt antistatic agent is at least one of dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride, tetradecyltrimethylammonium chloride, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, and octadecyldimethylhydroxyethyl quaternary ammonium nitrate; the alkyl imidazoline antistatic agent is at least one of undecyl imidazoline, heptadecyl imidazoline, and lauryl hydroxyethyl imidazoline.

[0015] In order to have a better antistatic effect, preferably, the cationic antistatic agent is dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride.

[0016] As a further improvement, the weight ratio of the modified urea-formaldehyde resin to the cationic antistatic agent is 1-2:1.

[0017] As a further improvement, the modified epoxy resin is prepared from epoxy resin and hydrophobic nano-silicon dioxide.

[0018] As a further improvement, the synthesis of the modified epoxy resin comprises the following steps:

[0019] (1) The activated nano-silica is placed in anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically dispersed for 10-30 minutes, then transferred to a flask for heating and reflux. When the temperature rises to 50-70°C, hexamethyldisilazane and dibutyltin dilaurate are added and the heating and reflux are continued for 3-6 hours, and post-treatment is performed to obtain hydrophobic nano-silica; (2) The hydrophobic nano-silica, epoxy resin and polydimethylsiloxane are dissolved in an organic solvent, stirred for reaction for 10-30 minutes, and post-treated to obtain a modified epoxy resin.

[0020] As a further improvement, the curing agent is at least one of diaminophenyl sulfone, 2-methylimidazole, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, and 2-phenylimidazole dicyandiamide; the tackifier is at least one of terpene resin, rosin resin, carboxymethyl cellulose, and hydroxyethyl cellulose; and the leveling agent is at least one of PV-88, BYK-306, BYK-333, and Efka SL 3034.

[0021] Preferably, the curing agent is 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole; the tackifier is carboxymethyl cellulose; and the leveling agent is PV-88.

[0022] The present invention also provides a method for preparing an antistatic and dustproof coating for a photovoltaic module, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0023] The modified epoxy resin and the composite antistatic agent are mixed and stirred evenly according to weight proportions, and then a curing agent, a tackifier and a leveling agent are added and stirred continuously, and then post-processed to obtain an antistatic and dustproof coating for photovoltaic modules.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] The present invention provides an antistatic and dustproof coating for photovoltaic modules and a preparation method thereof, so that the prepared coating has the effects of strong antistatic property, good dustproof property, good wear resistance, etc., can reduce the obstruction of the photovoltaic module surface by dust, and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present invention will be described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be noted that the following embodiments are examples of the present invention and are only used to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. Other combinations and various modifications within the concept of the present invention may be performed without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.

[0027] In the following embodiments, except for modified urea-formaldehyde resin and modified epoxy resin, the other compound monomers and related reagents used can be purchased from the market, among which epoxy resin was purchased from Yueyang Baling Huaxing Petrochemical Co., Ltd. with model E-51, urea-formaldehyde resin was purchased from Hubei Jianchu Biomedicine Co., Ltd. with model 89+128, carboxymethyl cellulose was purchased from Guangdong Wengjiang Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. with model PA10817, PV-88 was purchased from Ningbo Huiwangcheng Plastic Co., Ltd., and polydimethylsiloxane was purchased from Shanghai McLean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. with model D849784.

[0028] The synthesis of modified urea-formaldehyde resin comprises the following steps:

[0029] (1) 3 g of pyrrole and 10 g of tin dioxide were stirred in 100 mL of distilled water for 20 min at a stirring speed of 200 rpm, and then 2 g of sodium p-toluenesulfonate was added and stirred for 5 min. Then 1.5 g of ferric chloride was added dropwise thereto and stirred for 60 min. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was repeatedly rinsed with methanol and distilled water and dried in vacuum at 60 ° C for 12 h to obtain a composite intermediate;

[0030] (2) 2 g of the composite intermediate obtained in step (1) was dissolved in 150 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide and ultrasonically mixed for 10 min. Then 60 g of urea-formaldehyde resin was added thereto and the mixture was mixed for 40 min. After the reaction was completed, 80 mL of deionized water was added thereto and the precipitate was filtered and dried at 90° C. to obtain a modified urea-formaldehyde resin.

[0031] The synthesis of modified epoxy resin includes the following steps:

[0032] (1) 5 g of nano-silica was activated at 110° C. for 3 h, then added to 100 mL of anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically dispersed for 30 min, then transferred to a three-necked flask for heating and reflux, and when the temperature rose to 65° C., 4 mL of hexamethyldisilazane and 5 drops of dibutyltin dilaurate were added, and the heating and reflux were continued for 5 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and centrifuged, washed with anhydrous ethanol 3 times, and vacuum dried at 50° C. for 24 h to obtain hydrophobic nano-silica;

[0033] (2) 5 g of hydrophobic nano-silica, 80 g of epoxy resin and 10 g of polydimethylsiloxane were dissolved in 200 mL of ethyl acetate and stirred at 200 rpm for 20 min. The reaction was completed to obtain a modified epoxy resin.

[0034] The preparation methods of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-3 comprise the following steps:

[0035] The modified epoxy resin and the composite antistatic agent were stirred and mixed at 300 rpm for 15 minutes according to weight proportions, and then a curing agent, a tackifier and a leveling agent were added and stirred for 30 minutes to obtain an antistatic and dustproof coating for photovoltaic modules.

[0036] The components and contents used in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-3 are shown in Table 1 below:

[0037] Table 1

[0038]

[0039] After the antistatic and dustproof coatings for photovoltaic modules prepared in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were coated on the surface of the photovoltaic modules, surface resistance, dustproof grade, and wear resistance were tested. The test methods are as follows:

[0040] Surface resistance: tested according to GB / T 1410-2006 standard;

[0041] Dust-proof grade: Collect ordinary roadside dust, grind it and sieve it with a 500-mesh screen as test dust; place the test sample horizontally, and then evenly sprinkle a sufficiently thick layer of dust on its surface, then slowly stand the test sample upright and shake it vertically 3 times, let the excess dust fall naturally, observe and weigh the amount of dust remaining on the surface of the sample, and the dust-proof grade standards are as follows:

[0042] Level 0: No dust, dust amount per unit area k≤0.01mg / cm 2 ;

[0043] Level 1: Slight dust, dust per unit area 0.01 <k≤0.05mg / cm 2 ;

[0044] Level 2: Slight dust, dust per unit area 0.05 <k≤0.1mg / cm 2 ;

[0045] Level 3: Moderate dust, dust per unit area 0.1 <k≤0.5mg / cm 2 ;

[0046] Level 4: Severe dust, dust per unit area k>0.5mg / cm 2 ;

[0047] Abrasion resistance: Tested according to GB / T 1768-2006 standard.

[0048] The test results are shown in Table 2, as follows:

[0049] Table 2

[0050]

[0051] It can be seen from Example 3 and Comparative Example 1 in Table 2 that, compared with the antistatic and dustproof coatings prepared using unmodified epoxy resins, the antistatic and dustproof coatings prepared using modified epoxy resins have lower surface resistance, indicating good conductivity and strong antistatic properties, and a small amount of dust per unit area, indicating a high dustproof grade and better dustproof performance, and a low wear amount, indicating good wear resistance and mechanical properties.

[0052] It can be seen from Example 3 and Comparative Examples 2-3 that compared with the antistatic and dust-proof coating prepared by using unmodified urea-formaldehyde resin and cationic antistatic agent as a composite antistatic agent or using modified urea-formaldehyde resin and anionic antistatic agent as a composite antistatic agent, the antistatic and dust-proof coating prepared by using modified urea-formaldehyde resin and cationic antistatic agent as a composite antistatic agent has lower surface resistance and dust collection per unit area, indicating that the antistatic performance is stronger and the dust-proof performance is better, and it can reduce the wear amount and improve the wear resistance to a certain extent.

[0053] It can be seen from the test results of Examples 1-4 that the antistatic and dustproof coating for photovoltaic modules prepared by the preparation method provided by the present invention has a lower surface resistance, indicating good conductivity and strong antistatic performance, a smaller amount of dust picked up per unit area, indicating a high dustproof level and better dustproof performance, and a lower amount of wear, indicating good wear resistance and mechanical properties.

[0054] The above implementation modes are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and their purpose is to enable people familiar with this technology to understand the content of the present invention and implement it, and they cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An antistatic and dustproof coating for photovoltaic modules, characterized in that: The coating comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-80 parts of modified epoxy resin, 20-40 parts of composite antistatic agent, 5-10 parts of curing agent, 1-3 parts of tackifier, and 0.5-2 parts of leveling agent; The composite antistatic agent comprises a modified urea-formaldehyde resin and a cationic antistatic agent.

2. The antistatic and dustproof coating for photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The modified urea-formaldehyde resin is prepared by reacting urea-formaldehyde resin, tin dioxide and pyrrole.

3. The antistatic and dustproof coating for photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The synthesis of the modified urea-formaldehyde resin comprises the following steps: (1) pyrrole and tin dioxide are stirred and mixed in distilled water for 10-40 minutes, then sodium p-toluenesulfonate is added and stirred for 1-10 minutes, and then ferric chloride is added dropwise and stirred for 30-60 minutes, followed by post-treatment to obtain a composite intermediate; (2) dissolving the composite intermediate obtained in step (1) in an organic solvent, ultrasonically mixing for 5-15 minutes, adding urea-formaldehyde resin, stirring and mixing for 20-50 minutes, and post-treating to obtain a modified urea-formaldehyde resin.

4. The antistatic and dustproof coating for photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cationic antistatic agent is at least one of a quaternary ammonium salt antistatic agent and an alkyl imidazoline antistatic agent.

5. The antistatic and dustproof coating for photovoltaic modules according to claim 4, characterized in that: The quaternary ammonium salt antistatic agent is at least one of dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, and octadecyl dimethyl hydroxyethyl quaternary ammonium nitrate; the alkyl imidazoline antistatic agent is at least one of undecyl imidazoline, heptadecyl imidazoline, and lauryl hydroxyethyl imidazoline.

6. The antistatic and dustproof coating for photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weight ratio of the modified urea-formaldehyde resin to the cationic antistatic agent is 1-2:

1.

7. The antistatic and dustproof coating for photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The modified epoxy resin is prepared from epoxy resin and hydrophobic nano silicon dioxide.

8. The antistatic and dustproof coating for photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The synthesis of the modified epoxy resin comprises the following steps: (1) placing the activated nano-silica in anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically dispersing it for 10-30 minutes, then transferring it to a flask and heating it under reflux, when the temperature rises to 50-70° C., adding hexamethyldisilazane and dibutyltin dilaurate and continuing to heat and reflux for 3-6 hours, post-treating it, and obtaining hydrophobic nano-silica; (2) Dissolving hydrophobic nano-silica, epoxy resin and polydimethylsiloxane in an organic solvent, stirring and reacting for 10-30 minutes, and post-treating to obtain a modified epoxy resin.

9. The antistatic and dustproof coating for photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The curing agent is at least one of diaminophenyl sulfone, 2-methylimidazole, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, and 1-cyanoethyl-2-phenylimidazole; the tackifier is at least one of terpene resin, rosin resin, carboxymethyl cellulose, and hydroxyethyl cellulose; and the leveling agent is at least one of PV-88, BYK-306, BYK-333, and Efka SL 3034.

10. A method for preparing an antistatic and dustproof coating for a photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The modified epoxy resin and the composite antistatic agent are mixed and stirred evenly according to weight proportions, and then a curing agent, a tackifier and a leveling agent are added and stirred continuously to obtain an antistatic and dustproof coating for photovoltaic modules.

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