Multi-channel laser cladding gun capable of rapidly changing materials

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of laser cladding guns, in particular to a multi-channel laser cladding gun capable of quickly changing materials, which comprises a laser joint, a laser beam splitter and the like. According to the multi-channel laser cladding gun capable of rapidly changing the materials, the laser side channel and the laser main channel are arranged in the double-channel gun head, when the laser side channel and the laser main channel jointly participate in work, large-range laser cladding work can be carried out, when only the laser side channel participates in work, precise laser cladding work can be carried out, and the laser cladding efficiency is improved. The dual-channel working mode and the single-channel working mode can be rapidly switched without replacing the dual-channel gun head, and in addition, the dual-channel gun head only needs to be rotated to enable the powder feeding channel to be communicated with the conveying pipeline corresponding to the needed powdery material, so that rapid switching can be completed, and conveying and laser cladding work of the powdery material can be carried out. The technical problem that the working efficiency of laser cladding is seriously affected due to the fact that various laser gun heads and powder material conveying equipment are frequently replaced is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of laser cladding guns, and in particular to a multi-channel laser cladding gun with fast material change. Background Art

[0002] The laser cladding gun is mainly composed of a laser emitting component and a powder feeding component. The laser emitting component generates a high-energy-density laser beam, which is aimed at the surface of the substrate for irradiation. At the same time, the powder feeding component feeds the powdered cladding material (such as metal powder material) into the laser beam irradiation area, and works together with the laser beam to form a molten pool and quickly solidify into a coating. It is mainly used to deposit metal coatings on the surface of metal or non-metallic substrates to improve the surface properties of the material, such as hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance. The existing technology has combined the powder feeding component with the laser gun head to make the laser emitting component and the powder feeding component more compact and improve the laser cladding effect. However, there is a problem at present. When more precise laser cladding work is required, the laser gun head also needs to be temporarily replaced with a smaller laser gun head. In summary, the frequent replacement of various laser gun heads seriously affects the working efficiency of laser cladding. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to overcome the disadvantage that frequent replacement of various laser gun heads and powder material conveying equipment seriously affects the working efficiency of laser cladding, the present invention provides a multi-channel laser cladding gun with fast material change.

[0004] The invention discloses a multi-channel laser cladding gun with fast material change, comprising a protective shell, a connecting plate, a laser joint, a laser beam splitter, a dual-channel gun head, a rotation control mechanism, a ring frame, a conveying pipeline and an electric control valve; a laser joint is installed in the protective shell; an air inlet port is arranged on the laser joint; a plurality of air outlet ports connected to the air inlet port are arranged on the lower side of the laser joint; a laser beam splitter is rotatably connected to the laser joint, and the laser joint is connected to the laser beam splitter; two laser emitting ends are arranged on the laser beam splitter; a connecting plate is fixedly connected to the protective shell; a dual-channel gun head is rotatably connected to the connecting plate; the dual-channel The gun head is fixedly connected to a laser beam splitter; a laser side channel and a laser main channel are provided in the dual-channel gun head; two laser emitting ends of the laser beam splitter are respectively aligned with the laser side channel and the laser main channel of the dual-channel gun head; a rotating control mechanism for controlling the rotation of the dual-channel gun head is connected to the protective shell; two powder delivery channels are provided on the dual-channel gun head; an annular frame is fixedly connected to the protective shell; a number of conveying pipes are passed through the annular frame, and an elastic sealing sleeve tightly attached to the dual-channel gun head is provided at the lower end of the conveying pipe; the powder delivery channels of the dual-channel gun head are aligned and connected with adjacent conveying pipes; an electric control valve is installed on the conveying pipe.

[0005] More preferably, the aperture size of the laser side channel of the dual-channel gun head is smaller than the aperture size of the laser main channel.

[0006] More preferably, the powder delivery channel of the dual-channel gun head is configured to be a structure inclined downward and toward the lower port of the dual-channel gun head.

[0007] More preferably, the rotation control mechanism includes a high-temperature resistant electronically controlled motor and a spur gear; the high-temperature resistant electronically controlled motor is installed on the protective shell; the output shaft of the high-temperature resistant electronically controlled motor is fixedly connected to the spur gear; the outer ring surface of the dual-channel gun head is provided with a circle of tooth groove structure; the spur gear is meshed with the tooth groove.

[0008] More preferably, the upper side of the laser beam splitter is configured as an arc-shaped structure.

[0009] More preferably, a high temperature resistant electric-controlled lifter is slidably connected to the dual-channel gun head; a semicircular arc baffle for shielding the air outlet port above the main laser channel is fixedly connected to the high temperature resistant electric-controlled lifter.

[0010] More preferably, the lower arc surface of the semicircular baffle matches the arc structure on the upper side of the laser beam splitter; and an annular groove structure matching the upper arc surface of the semicircular baffle is provided on the lower side of the laser joint.

[0011] More preferably, the powder delivery channel of the dual-channel gun head is provided with a guide inclined plate for guiding the powdery material to the lower end of the dual-channel gun head.

[0012] More preferably, the guide ramp is slidably connected to the corresponding powder delivery channels in the dual-channel gun head.

[0013] More preferably, with the center of the annular frame as the axis of symmetry, any two symmetrical conveying pipelines are each connected to a micro-blower.

[0014] A multi-channel laser cladding gun with fast material change of the present invention is provided with a laser side channel and a laser main channel in a dual-channel gun head. When the laser side channel and the laser main channel work together, a large-scale laser cladding work can be performed. When only the laser side channel works, precise laser cladding work can be performed. The dual-channel working mode and the single-channel working mode can be quickly switched without replacing the dual-channel gun head. In addition, a plurality of conveying pipelines are provided on the protective shell. Different conveying pipelines are initially connected to conveying equipment of different powder materials. It is only necessary to rotate the dual-channel gun head to connect the powder delivery channel with the conveying pipeline corresponding to the required powder material, so as to complete the quick switching and perform the conveying and laser cladding work of the powder material. Therefore, using the multi-channel laser cladding gun with fast material change of the present invention to perform laser cladding work can solve the technical problem of frequent replacement of various laser gun heads and powder material conveying equipment, which seriously affects the working efficiency of laser cladding. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 A perspective view for describing the present invention; Figure 2 A three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the protective shell for describing the present invention; Figure 3 A stereoscopic view of a laser joint for describing the present invention; Figure 4 A three-dimensional diagram of a dual-channel gun head for describing the present invention; Figure 5 A three-dimensional cross-sectional view of a dual-channel gun head for describing the present invention; Figure 6 A perspective view of a guide ramp plate for describing the present invention; Figure 7 A perspective view of the guide ramp of the present invention in an open state; Figure 8 The present invention is described in detail with reference to the perspective view of the guide ramp in the closed state.

[0016] Markings in the figure: 1-shield, 11-connecting plate, 2-laser connector, 201-inlet port, 202-outlet port, 203-annular groove, 21-laser beam splitter, 2101-laser emission end, 3-dual-channel gun head, 301-laser side channel, 302-laser main channel, 303-tooth groove, 304-powder delivery channel, 31-high temperature resistant electronically controlled motor, 32-spur gear, 33-high temperature resistant electronically controlled lifter, 34-semicircular arc baffle, 4-annular frame, 41-conveying pipeline, 42-electronically controlled valve, 43-micro blower, 5-guide ramp, 51-compression spring, 52-wedge ring block, 53-high temperature resistant electronically controlled push rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but the protection scope and application scope of the present invention are not limited.

[0018] Example 1 A multi-channel laser cladding gun with fast material change, such as Figure 1-Figure 5As shown, it includes a protective shell 1, a connecting plate 11, a laser joint 2, a laser beam splitter 21, a dual-channel gun head 3, a rotation control mechanism, a ring frame 4, a delivery pipeline 41 and an electric control valve 42; the laser joint 2 is installed in the protective shell 1; the laser joint 2 is provided with an air inlet port 201; six air outlet ports 202 are opened on the lower side of the laser joint 2, and the air outlet ports 202 are all connected to the air inlet port 201; the laser joint 2 is rotatably connected to the laser beam splitter 21, and the lower side of the laser joint 2 The port is connected to the bidirectional beam splitting channel inside the laser beam splitter 21; the laser beam splitter 21 is provided with two laser emitting ends 2101, and the bidirectional beam splitting channel inside the laser beam splitter 21 is respectively connected to the two laser emitting ends 2101; a connecting plate 11 is fixedly connected to the protective shell 1; a dual-channel gun head 3 is rotatably connected to the connecting plate 11; the dual-channel gun head 3 is fixedly connected to the laser beam splitter 21; a laser side channel 301 and a laser main channel 302 are opened in the dual-channel gun head 3, and the dual-channel gun head The aperture size of the laser side channel 301 of 3 is smaller than the aperture size of the laser main channel 302; the two laser emitting ends 2101 of the laser beam splitter 21 are respectively aligned with the laser side channel 301 and the laser main channel 302 of the dual-channel gun head 3; the protective shell 1 is connected with a rotation control mechanism; the rotation control mechanism is connected to the dual-channel gun head 3; the dual-channel gun head 3 is provided with two powder delivery channels 304 for respectively delivering powdered materials to the lower sides of the laser side channel 301 and the laser main channel 302, and the two powder delivery channels 304 of the dual-channel gun head 3 are both set as a structure inclined downward and toward the lower port direction of the dual-channel gun head 3; the protective shell 1 is fixed with an annular frame 4; six conveying pipes 41 are passed through the annular frame 4; the lower end of each conveying pipe 41 is provided with an elastic sealing sleeve tightly attached to the surface of the dual-channel gun head 3; the two powder delivery channels 304 of the dual-channel gun head 3 are initially aligned and connected to the adjacent conveying pipes 41; each conveying pipe 41 is respectively installed with an electric control valve 42.

[0019] like Figure 2 As shown, the rotation control mechanism includes a high temperature resistant electronically controlled motor 31 and a spur gear 32; the high temperature resistant electronically controlled motor 31 is installed on the protective shell 1; the output shaft of the high temperature resistant electronically controlled motor 31 is fixedly connected to the spur gear 32; the outer ring surface of the dual-channel gun head 3 is provided with a circle of tooth grooves 303 structure; the spur gear 32 penetrates the protective shell 1 and meshes with the tooth grooves 303.

[0020] like Figure 5As shown, the upper side of the laser beam splitter 21 is set as an arc-shaped structure. When the protective gas is ejected downward from the gas outlet port 202 and flows through the upper end of the arc-shaped structure of the laser beam splitter 21, the protective gas will be subject to a lower flow resistance; a high-temperature resistant electric-controlled lifter 33 is slidably connected to the dual-channel gun head 3; a semi-circular arc-shaped baffle 34 is fixedly connected to the high-temperature resistant electric-controlled lifter 33, and the semi-circular arc-shaped baffle 34 is used to shield the gas outlet port 202 aligned above the laser main channel 302; the lower arc surface of the semi-circular arc baffle 34 is aligned with the laser main channel 302. The arc-shaped structure on the upper side of the beam splitter 21 is matched, so that the semi-circular baffle 34 can be close to the arc-shaped structure surface of the laser beam splitter 21 in the initial state, and when the protective gas is ejected downward from the gas outlet port 202 and flows through the semi-circular baffle 34 with an upward arched structure, the flow resistance of the protective gas can also be reduced; the lower side of the laser joint 2 is provided with an annular groove 203 structure that matches the upper arc surface of the semi-circular baffle 34, and the lower ports of all gas outlet ports 202 are located in the annular groove 203 structure.

[0021] The working principle of the dual-channel working mode of a multi-channel laser cladding gun with rapid material change is as follows.

[0022] First, the protective shell 1 and the laser connector 2 are connected to the laser transmitter, the air inlet port 201 of the laser connector 2 is connected to the protective gas delivery device, and the center of the annular frame 4 is used as the symmetry axis, and any two symmetrical delivery pipelines 41 are connected to the same powder material delivery device, and in a plurality of groups of symmetrical delivery pipelines 41, two adjacent delivery pipelines 41 deliver different powder materials, and then the high-temperature resistant electronically controlled motor 31 (the high-temperature resistant parts can withstand 300°C) drives the spur gear 32 to rotate, and the spur gear 32 meshes with the tooth groove 303 to drive the dual-channel gun head 3 to rotate, so that the two powder delivery channels 304 on the dual-channel gun head 3 are connected to any mutually The two symmetrical conveying pipes 41 can complete the preparation work of conveying the powder material corresponding to the conveying pipe 41, and the dual-channel gun head 3 only needs to be driven by the high-temperature resistant electric-controlled motor 31 to rotate, so that the two powder delivery channels 304 on the dual-channel gun head 3 are respectively connected to the two conveying pipes 41 corresponding to another powder material, and the conveying pipes 41 form a sealed material conveying space with the aligned powder delivery channels 304 through the elastic sealing sleeve, so that the powder material switching work can be quickly completed. During the rotation of the dual-channel gun head 3, the laser beam splitter 21, the high-temperature resistant electric-controlled lifter 33 and the semicircular baffle 34 will rotate with the dual-channel gun head 3.

[0023] Afterwards, the conveying pipeline 41 corresponds to the powder material conveying device to convey the powder material to the powder delivery channel 304 of the dual-channel gun head 3, and at the same time, the external protective gas conveying device successively sprays protective gas into the laser side channel 301 and the laser main channel 302 of the dual-channel gun head 3 through the air inlet port 201 and the air outlet port 202, and at the same time, the external laser transmitter emits a high-energy laser beam to the laser beam splitter 21 through the laser connector 2, and the laser beam is split by the laser beam splitter 21 to form two laser beams, and the two laser beams are respectively irradiated downward through the two laser emitting ends 2101, and the two laser beams are respectively passed through the laser side channel 301 and the laser main channel 302 of the dual-channel gun head 3. 02 irradiates downward to the surface of the processed object. At this time, the powder material ejected from the two powder feeding channels 304 contacts with the two laser beams irradiated downward from the dual-channel gun head 3 and is quickly clad on the surface of the processed object, thereby realizing a large-scale laser cladding work on the surface of the processed object. Since the dual-channel gun head 3 separates the two laser beams only by a thin layer of separation structure, after the two laser beams are irradiated on the surface of the processed object, the powder material ejected from both sides is irradiated by the two laser beams to form a molten state, and the molten powder material will fuse together without the appearance of an obvious separation line structure, thereby ensuring that the powder material clad on the surface of the processed object has surface integrity.

[0024] During this process, part of the protective gas will continuously enter the gap between the laser joint 2 and the protective shell 1, but the protective gas is an inert gas, so the protective gas will not affect the normal operation of the laser joint 2 and the protective shell 1, and the protective gas continuously ejected into the gap can also cool it from the inside of the protective shell 1, avoiding abnormally high temperature inside the protective shell 1 due to the long-term operation of the laser beam splitter 21.

[0025] The working principle of a single-channel working mode of a multi-channel laser cladding gun with rapid material change is as follows.

[0026] When precise laser cladding work is required on the surface of the processed object, the laser emitting end 2101 on the laser beam splitter 21 aligned with the laser main channel 302 of the dual-channel gun head 3 is switched to a closed state, and at the same time, the electric control valve 42 on the conveying pipeline 41 corresponding to the laser main channel 302 of the dual-channel gun head 3 is also switched to a closed state, and at the same time, the high-temperature resistant electric control lifter 33 drives the semicircular arc baffle 34 to rise upward, so that the semicircular arc baffle 34 upwardly blocks the outlet port 202 of the laser main channel 302 on the laser connector 2 aligned with the dual-channel gun head 3. At this time, the laser connector 2 is only connected to the laser main channel 302 of the dual-channel gun head 3 through the single laser emitting end 2101 of the laser beam splitter 21. A laser beam is irradiated to the laser side channel 301 of the dual-channel gun head 3, and powdered material is delivered to the irradiated laser beam only through the powder delivery channel 304 corresponding to the laser side channel 301 of the dual-channel gun head 3, so as to realize small-scale and precise laser cladding work on the surface of the processed object. At the same time, only the corresponding gas outlet port 202 above the laser side channel 301 of the dual-channel gun head 3 delivers protective gas to the laser side channel 301 of the dual-channel gun head 3, thereby reducing the consumption of protective gas. Without replacing the dual-channel gun head 3, quick switching can be achieved between the dual-channel working mode of large-scale processing and the single-channel working mode of small-scale and precise processing.

[0027] Since the powder material feeding pipelines of the existing laser cladding guns are directly connected to the powder material conveying equipment, the existing laser cladding guns are unable to quickly switch between different powder materials. The multi-channel laser cladding gun with fast material change of the present invention can connect the powder feeding channel 304 with the conveying pipeline 41 for conveying different powder materials by simply rotating the dual-channel gun head 3. As the powder feeding channel 304 of the dual-channel gun head 3 is continuously switched to be connected with each conveying pipeline 41, the elastic sealing sleeve at the lower end of the conveying pipeline 41 will be worn after working for a long time. Therefore, the staff only needs to regularly replace the elastic sealing sleeve at the lower end of the conveying pipeline 41 to ensure that the conveying pipeline 41 is kept in a sealed state through the feeding space formed between the elastic sealing sleeve and the aligned powder feeding channel 304.

[0028] Example 2 like Figure 1-Figure 8As shown, on the basis of Example 1, the lower ends of the two powder delivery channels 304 of the dual-channel gun head 3 of this embodiment are each slidably connected with a guide inclined plate 5 for guiding the powdered material to the lower end of the dual-channel gun head 3, and the width of the guide inclined plate 5 is the same as the diameter of the powder delivery channel 304. When the guide inclined plate 5 blocks the powder delivery channel 304, there will be no gap between the guide inclined plate 5 and the blocked area of ​​the powder delivery channel 304; a compression spring 51 is fixedly connected between the two guide inclined plates 5 and the dual-channel gun head 3; a high-temperature resistant electric control push rod 53 is installed on the dual-channel gun head 3; a wedge-shaped ring block 52 is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the high-temperature resistant electric control push rod 53; the inner ring surface of the wedge-shaped ring block 52 is tightly attached to the two guide inclined plates 5 When the high temperature resistant electric control push rod 53 pulls the wedge ring block 52 to move upward, the wedge ring block 52 pushes the guide ramp 5 to move toward the corresponding powder feeding channel 304 in the dual-channel gun head 3. At the same time, the guide ramp 5 drives the compression spring 51 to be compressed, so that the aperture of the powder feeding channel 304 of the dual-channel gun head 3 becomes smaller due to the obstruction of the guide ramp 5, thereby adjusting the aperture size of the powder feeding channel 304, thereby reducing the amount and range of powder material ejected from the powder feeding channel 304. Regardless of whether it is in the dual-channel working mode or the single-channel working mode, the amount and range of powder material ejected can be reduced, and precision laser cladding work with different sizes of ejection ranges can be performed.

[0029] Example 3 like Figure 1-Figure 5 As shown, on the basis of Example 1, the center of the annular frame 4 is used as the axis of symmetry in this embodiment, and each of any two symmetrical conveying pipes 41 is connected to a micro-blower 43; whenever the laser cladding work of one material is completed and before switching to another material for laser cladding work, the high-temperature resistant electric-controlled motor 31 controls the dual-channel gun head 3 to rotate until the conveying pipe 41 connected with the micro-blower 43 is aligned with the powder delivery channel 304 of the dual-channel gun head 3, the electric-controlled valve 42 on the conveying pipe 41 is switched to the open state, and the high-temperature resistant electric-controlled motor 31 stops driving the dual-channel gun head 3 to rotate, at this time, the micro-blower 43 conveys airflow to the corresponding powder delivery channel 304 in the dual-channel gun head 3 through the conveying pipe 41, and the airflow continuously flowing through the powder delivery channel 304 blows away the material remaining on the inner wall, thereby realizing automatic self-cleaning of the powder delivery channel 304 of the dual-channel gun head 3.

[0030] The above embodiments are provided for persons familiar with the art to implement or use the present invention. Persons familiar with the art can make various modifications or changes to the above embodiments without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but should be the maximum scope of the innovative features mentioned in the claims.

Claims

1. A multi-channel laser cladding gun with rapid material change, comprising: a protective shell (1) and a laser joint (2); the laser joint (2) is installed in the protective shell (1); an air inlet port (201) is provided on the laser joint (2); a plurality of air outlet ports (202) connected to the air inlet port (201) are provided on the lower side of the laser joint (2); Features: The invention also comprises a laser beam splitter (21), a connecting plate (11), a dual-channel gun head (3), a rotation control mechanism, a ring frame (4), a conveying pipeline (41) and an electrically controlled valve (42); the laser joint (2) is rotatably connected to the laser beam splitter (21), and the laser joint (2) is connected to the laser beam splitter (21); the laser beam splitter (21) is provided with two laser emission ends (2101); the protective shell (1) is fixedly connected to the connecting plate (11); the dual-channel gun head (3) is rotatably connected to the connecting plate (11); the dual-channel gun head (3) is fixedly connected to the laser beam splitter (21); a laser side channel (301) and a laser main channel (302) are provided in the dual-channel gun head (3); the laser beam splitter The two laser emission ends (2101) of the dual-channel gun head (21) are respectively aligned with the laser side channel (301) and the laser main channel (302) of the dual-channel gun head (3); the protective shell (1) is connected to a rotation control mechanism for controlling the rotation of the dual-channel gun head (3); the dual-channel gun head (3) is provided with two powder delivery channels (304); the protective shell (1) is fixedly connected to an annular frame (4); a plurality of conveying pipes (41) are passed through the annular frame (4), and the lower end of the conveying pipe (41) is provided with an elastic sealing sleeve that is tightly attached to the dual-channel gun head (3); the powder delivery channels (304) of the dual-channel gun head (3) are aligned with and connected to the adjacent conveying pipes (41); and an electric control valve (42) is installed on the conveying pipe (41).

2. A multi-channel laser cladding gun with rapid material change according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aperture size of the laser side channel (301) of the dual-channel gun head (3) is smaller than the aperture size of the laser main channel (302).

3. The multi-channel laser cladding gun with rapid material change according to claim 1, characterized in that: The powder delivery channel (304) of the dual-channel gun head (3) is configured as a structure that is inclined downward and toward the lower port of the dual-channel gun head (3).

4. The multi-channel laser cladding gun with rapid material change according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotation control mechanism comprises a high temperature resistant electric control motor (31) and a spur gear (32); the high temperature resistant electric control motor (31) is mounted on the protective shell (1); the output shaft of the high temperature resistant electric control motor (31) is fixedly connected to the spur gear (32); the outer ring surface of the dual-channel gun head (3) is provided with a circle of tooth groove (303); the spur gear (32) is meshed with the tooth groove (303).

5. The multi-channel laser cladding gun with rapid material change according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper side of the laser beam splitter (21) is configured as an arc-shaped structure.

6. The multi-channel laser cladding gun with rapid material change according to claim 5, characterized in that: A high temperature resistant electric control lifter (33) is slidably connected to the dual-channel gun head (3); a semicircular arc baffle (34) for shielding an air outlet port (202) above the main laser channel (302) is fixedly connected to the high temperature resistant electric control lifter (33).

7. The multi-channel laser cladding gun with rapid material change according to claim 6, characterized in that: The lower arc surface of the semicircular arc baffle (34) matches the arc structure on the upper side of the laser beam splitter (21); and the lower side of the laser joint (2) is provided with an annular groove (203) structure that matches the upper arc surface of the semicircular arc baffle (34).

8. The multi-channel laser cladding gun with rapid material change according to claim 1, characterized in that: The powder delivery channel (304) of the dual-channel gun head (3) is provided with a guide inclined plate (5) for guiding the powdery material toward the lower end of the dual-channel gun head (3).

9. The multi-channel laser cladding gun with rapid material change according to claim 8, characterized in that: The guide inclined plate (5) is slidably connected to the corresponding powder delivery channel (304) in the dual-channel gun head (3).

10. A multi-channel laser cladding gun with rapid material change according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: With the center of the annular frame (4) as the axis of symmetry, two symmetrical delivery pipes (41) are each connected to a micro blower (43).

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