Laser shock peening rapid coating method

Abstract

The invention provides a laser shock strengthening rapid coating method, and belongs to the technical field of laser strengthening. The laser shock peening rapid coating method comprises the following steps that the surface of a substrate material is pretreated, and the substrate material to be coated is obtained; coating the surface of the substrate material to be coated with a coating material to form a coating layer; an absorption layer and a restraint layer are arranged on the surface of the coating layer, and a substrate material to be reinforced is obtained; and the substrate material to be strengthened is subjected to laser shock treatment, then cooling and cleaning are conducted, and the substrate material with the strengthened surface is obtained. According to the rapid coating method for laser shock peening, the materials and the thicknesses of the absorption layer and the restraint layer are specially limited, so that laser can act on the coating to the maximum extent, the coating material can form a compactly-attached coating on the surface of the substrate material more quickly, and the bonding strength between the coating and the substrate material is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of laser shock peening, and in particular to a laser shock peening rapid coating method. Background Art

[0002] In modern industry, surface strengthening of materials is crucial to improve their wear resistance, corrosion resistance and service life. Traditional surface treatment methods often have the disadvantages of complex processes, low efficiency or unsatisfactory results. In recent years, laser shock peening technology has attracted widespread attention due to its high efficiency and simplicity.

[0003] Laser shock peening is a surface strengthening technology that uses high-intensity compressive stress shock waves generated when a high-energy pulsed laser beam is irradiated on the metal to impact and plastically deform the metal. When the laser beam is irradiated on the metal surface, the metal surface quickly absorbs the laser energy and heats to the vaporization temperature, causing the metal surface material to suddenly vaporize and generate extremely high compressive stress. This compressive stress propagates inside the metal in the form of a shock wave, causing the metal surface to plastically deform, thereby changing the structure and mechanical properties of the metal surface. Laser shock peening is a non-contact processing method that avoids the mechanical friction and wear in traditional processing methods, thereby ensuring processing accuracy and surface quality.

[0004] Laser shock peening technology has broad application prospects in aerospace, national defense, shipbuilding, nuclear industry, petrochemical industry, biomedicine, rail transportation, power grid and other fields. Especially in the performance improvement of core components, laser shock peening technology can significantly improve the material's fatigue resistance, wear resistance and corrosion resistance, thereby improving the quality and life of the product. However, the existing laser shock peening technology still has some shortcomings, such as long processing time.

[0005] Based on this, it is of great practical significance to provide a method for rapid coating based on laser shock peening technology. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a laser shock peening rapid coating method, aiming to solve the technical problems of long laser shock wave processing time and low processing efficiency in the prior art.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] The present invention provides a laser shock peening rapid coating method, comprising the following steps:

[0009] Pre-treating the surface of the base material to obtain the base material to be coated;

[0010] Coating the coating material on the surface of the substrate material to be coated to form a coating layer;

[0011] Arranging an absorption layer and a constraint layer on the surface of the coating layer to obtain a base material to be strengthened;

[0012] The base material to be strengthened is treated by laser shock treatment, and then cooled and cleaned to obtain a base material with a surface strengthened.

[0013] Furthermore, the pretreatment is to clean the surface of the base material and then dry it.

[0014] Furthermore, the coating layer has a thickness of 20 to 80 μm.

[0015] Furthermore, the constraining layer is silica gel, and the thickness of the silica gel is 1.0 to 2.2 mm.

[0016] Furthermore, the absorption layer is aluminum foil, and the thickness of the absorption layer is 80 to 300 μm.

[0017] Furthermore, the laser shock treatment is performed in a protective atmosphere; the protective atmosphere is argon.

[0018] Furthermore, the wavelength of the laser shock is 800-1200 nm, the pulse width range is 10-30 ns, the speed of the laser scanning is 0.5-1.5 mm / s, and the scanning interval is 0.75-1.25 mm.

[0019] Furthermore, the cooling and cleaning is to remove the absorption layer and the constraint layer after cooling to room temperature.

[0020] The present invention also provides application of the method described in the above technical solution in surface coating of metal materials.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] The present invention provides an absorption layer and a constraint layer, and uses laser shock to quickly coat the base material. The laser passes through the constraint layer and irradiates the absorption layer. The absorption layer absorbs the laser energy and quickly vaporizes, forming a large amount of high-temperature and high-pressure plasma. The plasma quickly expands to form a high-intensity shock wave. The shock wave acts on the coating, part of the coating is pressed into the surface of the material substrate, and part of the coating is tightly attached to the surface of the material substrate, thereby strengthening the surface of the material substrate. The present invention specifically limits the material and thickness of the absorption layer and the constraint layer, so that the laser shock can be used for the coating to the greatest extent, and the coating material can form a densely attached coating on the surface of the base material more quickly, significantly improving the bonding strength between the coating and the base material. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the structure obtained by the laser shock peening rapid coating method of the present invention;

[0024] Among them, 1 is the base material, 2 is the coating layer, 3 is the absorption layer, 4 is the confinement layer, and 5 is the laser. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention provides a laser shock peening rapid coating method, comprising the following steps:

[0026] Pre-treating the surface of the base material to obtain the base material to be coated;

[0027] Coating the coating material on the surface of the substrate material to be coated to form a coating layer;

[0028] Arranging an absorption layer and a constraint layer on the surface of the coating layer to obtain a base material to be strengthened;

[0029] The base material to be strengthened is treated by laser shock treatment, and then cooled and cleaned to obtain a base material with a surface strengthened.

[0030] Pre-treating the surface of the base material to obtain the base material to be coated;

[0031] In the present invention, the pretreatment is to clean the surface of the base material and then dry it.

[0032] Before coating, the surface of the base material is cleaned to remove oil or other impurities on the surface, so that the surface of the base material is smooth and tidy, which is convenient for improving the bonding strength between the coating and the base material. After that, the surface is dried for subsequent operations. In practical applications, the base material is selected according to the actual situation. In the embodiment of the present invention, aluminum alloy is preferably used as the base material.

[0033] Coating the coating material on the surface of the substrate material to be coated to form a coating layer;

[0034] After the pretreatment of the substrate material is completed, the coating material is coated on its surface. The present invention does not specifically limit the composition of the coating material. In practical applications, the coating material available to technicians in this field can be used according to the type of substrate material. In the embodiment of the present invention, graphene, graphene oxide or a 1:1 mixture of the two is preferably used.

[0035] In the present invention, the thickness of the coating layer is preferably 20 to 80 μm, more preferably 20 to 60 μm, and even more preferably 20 to 40 μm.

[0036] Arranging an absorption layer and a constraint layer on the surface of the coating layer to obtain a base material to be strengthened;

[0037] Then, an absorption layer and a constraint layer are sequentially arranged on the surface of the coating material. The laser passes through the constraint layer and irradiates the absorption layer. The absorption layer absorbs the laser energy and quickly vaporizes, and at the same time forms a large amount of high-temperature and high-pressure plasma. The plasma quickly expands to form a high-intensity shock wave. The shock wave acts on the coating, and part of the coating is pressed into the surface layer of the material substrate, and part of the coating is closely attached to the surface layer of the material substrate, thereby strengthening the surface of the material substrate. The present invention specifically defines the composition and thickness of the constraint layer and the absorption layer.

[0038] In the present invention, the constrained layer is silica gel, and the thickness of the silica gel is preferably 1.0 to 2.2 mm, and more preferably 1.0 to 1.5 mm.

[0039] The present invention uses silica gel as a constraining layer to constrain plasma into a high-intensity shock wave, thereby preventing plasma diffusion and reducing the impact effect. In addition, the action time of the shock wave can be extended to achieve a better strengthening effect, thereby improving the coating efficiency and quickly forming the coating.

[0040] In the present invention, the absorption layer is an aluminum foil, and the thickness of the absorption layer is preferably 80 to 300 μm, and more preferably 80 to 150 μm.

[0041] The present invention adopts aluminum foil as an absorption layer to protect the surface quality of the base material from being damaged by the laser, avoid the laser directly acting on the surface of the base material, and reduce the risk of the surface of the base material being ablated; secondly, the present invention further enhances the peak pressure of the plasma shock wave by limiting the thickness of the absorption layer, thereby improving the intensity of the shock wave; and also avoids potential harm of the laser to the operator.

[0042] The base material to be strengthened is treated by laser shock treatment, and then cooled and cleaned to obtain a base material with a surface strengthened.

[0043] In the present invention, the laser shock is preferably performed in a protective atmosphere; the protective atmosphere is preferably argon.

[0044] In the present invention, the wavelength of the laser shock is preferably 800-1200nm, the pulse width range is preferably 10-30ns, and more preferably 10-20ns; the laser scanning speed is preferably 0.5-1.5 mm / s, and more preferably 0.5-1.0 mm / s; the scanning spacing is preferably 0.75-1.25 mm, and more preferably 0.75-1.0 mm.

[0045] In the present invention, the cooling and cleaning is preferably performed by removing the absorption layer and the constraint layer after cooling to room temperature.

[0046] After the laser shock treatment, the treated substrate material is cooled to room temperature, and then the constraining layer and the absorbing layer are removed to obtain a surface-strengthened substrate material.

[0047] The present invention also provides application of the method described in the above technical solution in surface coating of metal materials.

[0048] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the required raw materials for preparation are all commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art.

[0049] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] (1) Clean the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate material to remove surface oil or other impurities, and then dry it to make the surface dry and clean;

[0052] (2) using graphene oxide to cover a 20 μm coating layer on the surface of the substrate material, and then sequentially covering the surface of the coating layer with a 1 mm silica gel layer and an 80 μm aluminum foil;

[0053] (3) placing the substrate material in an argon protective atmosphere, setting the laser shock wavelength to 800 nm, the pulse width range to 10 to 30 ns, the laser scanning speed to 0.5 mm / s, and the scanning interval to 0.75 mm, and performing laser shock treatment;

[0054] (4) After the laser shock treatment, the substrate material is cooled to room temperature, and then the constraining layer and the absorption layer are removed to obtain a surface-strengthened substrate material.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] (1) Clean the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate material to remove surface oil or other impurities, and then dry it to make the surface dry and clean;

[0057] (2) using graphene oxide to cover a 40 μm coating layer on the surface of the substrate material, and then sequentially covering the surface of the coating layer with a 1.5 mm silica gel layer and a 150 μm aluminum foil layer;

[0058] (3) placing the substrate material in an argon protective atmosphere, setting the laser shock wavelength to 800 nm, the pulse width range to 10 to 30 ns, the laser scanning speed to 1.0 mm / s, and the scanning interval to 1.0 mm, and performing laser shock treatment;

[0059] (4) After the laser shock treatment, the substrate material is cooled to room temperature, and then the constraining layer and the absorption layer are removed to obtain a surface-strengthened substrate material.

[0060] Example 3

[0061] (1) Clean the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate material to remove surface oil or other impurities, and then dry it to make the surface dry and clean;

[0062] (2) using graphene oxide to cover a 60 μm coating layer on the surface of the substrate material, and then sequentially covering the surface of the coating layer with a 2.2 mm silica gel layer and a 300 μm aluminum foil layer;

[0063] (3) placing the substrate material in an argon protective atmosphere, setting the wavelength of the laser shock to 800 nm, the pulse width to 10 to 30 ns, the laser scanning speed to 1.5 mm / s, and the scanning interval to 1.25 mm, and performing laser shock treatment;

[0064] (4) After the laser shock treatment, the substrate material is cooled to room temperature, and then the constraining layer and the absorption layer are removed to obtain a surface-strengthened substrate material.

[0065] Example 4

[0066] (1) Clean the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate material to remove surface oil or other impurities, and then dry it to make the surface dry and clean;

[0067] (2) using graphene oxide to cover a coating layer of 80 μm on the surface of the substrate material, and then sequentially covering the surface of the coating layer with a layer of 1.5 mm silica gel and a layer of 300 μm aluminum foil;

[0068] (3) placing the substrate material in an argon protective atmosphere, setting the wavelength of the laser shock to 800 nm, the pulse width to 10 to 30 ns, the laser scanning speed to 1.5 mm / s, and the scanning interval to 1.25 mm, and performing laser shock treatment;

[0069] (4) After the laser shock treatment, the substrate material is cooled to room temperature, and then the constraining layer and the absorption layer are removed to obtain a surface-strengthened substrate material.

[0070] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser shock peening rapid coating method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Pre-treating the surface of the base material to obtain the base material to be coated; Coating the coating material on the surface of the substrate material to be coated to form a coating layer; Arranging an absorption layer and a constraint layer on the surface of the coating layer to obtain a base material to be strengthened; The base material to be strengthened is treated by laser shock treatment, and then cooled and cleaned to obtain a base material with a surface strengthened.

2. The laser shock peening rapid coating method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pretreatment is to clean the surface of the base material and then dry it.

3. The laser shock peening rapid coating method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coating layer has a thickness of 20 to 80 μm.

4. The laser shock peening rapid coating method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The constraining layer is silica gel, and the thickness of the silica gel is 1.0-2.2 mm.

5. The laser shock peening rapid coating method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The absorption layer is aluminum foil, and the thickness of the absorption layer is 80-300 μm.

6. The laser shock peening rapid coating method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser shock treatment is carried out in a protective atmosphere; the protective atmosphere is argon.

7. The laser shock peening rapid coating method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wavelength of the laser shock is 800-1200nm, the pulse width range is 10-30ns, the speed of the laser scanning is 0.5-1.5mm / s, and the scanning interval is 0.75-1.25mm.

8. The laser shock peening rapid coating method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling and cleaning is to remove the absorption layer and the constraint layer after cooling to room temperature.

9. Use of the method according to claims 1 to 8 in surface coating of metal materials.

Images