Cover beam support for engineering construction and installation structure of cover beam support

Abstract

The invention relates to a capping beam support for engineering construction and a mounting structure thereof, and belongs to the technical field of building construction equipment.The capping beam support for engineering construction comprises two first hoops, and the two first hoops are fixed to the periphery of a pier column through bolts; the ends, away from each other, of the two first hoops are fixedly connected with supporting arms through bolts, and leveling bases are horizontally fixed to the top ends of the supporting arms and can drive leveling hydraulic cylinders to conduct leveling treatment on I-shaped steel beams on supporting steel plates, so that a bent cap formwork of the I-shaped steel beams is kept in a horizontal state; meanwhile, a plurality of guide wheels are additionally arranged at the bottom of the second hoop, so that the bent cap support can be preliminarily assembled on the ground and then integrally hoisted to a designated position to be fixed, operation is convenient and rapid, the installation efficiency of the whole bent cap support is greatly improved, and the construction quality of the bent cap support is guaranteed. And the cost investment is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of building construction equipment, and more specifically, to a cap beam support for engineering construction and an installation structure thereof. Background Art

[0002] The cap beam refers to the beam installed on the top of the pier or abutment, which is mainly used to support the superstructure of the bridge and transfer the load to the lower structure. It is usually made of reinforced concrete or less reinforced concrete, and has the functions of supporting, distributing and transferring loads. The cap beam bracket is a supporting device used to build the cap beam in the concrete structure, which can form a stable support system, so that the weight, vibration and other factors formed during the concrete pouring process can be effectively controlled to ensure construction safety and structural quality.

[0003] Based on the above, the inventors found that when installing a traditional cap beam bracket, it is usually necessary to use multiple lifting equipment to lift multiple components to the specified position at the same time, and then align the installation points of the multiple components and fix them together with bolts. During the entire installation process, not only is the operation inconvenient, but the cost is also high. At the same time, after the installation of the traditional cap beam bracket is completed, it is generally not convenient to perform leveling, which may cause dimensional deviations in the subsequently poured concrete cap beam, affecting its construction quality. Therefore, in view of this, the existing structure is studied and improved, and a cap beam bracket and its installation structure for engineering construction are provided, in order to achieve a more practical purpose.

[0004] The above statements are only used to provide background information related to the present application and do not necessarily constitute prior art. Summary of the invention

[0005] 1. Technical problems to be solved

[0006] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a cap beam support and its installation structure for engineering construction, which can utilize the coordinated use of a first clamp and a support arm to support the leveling hydraulic cylinder on the leveling seat, and driving the leveling hydraulic cylinder can level the I-shaped steel beam on the supporting steel plate to keep its cap beam template in a horizontal state, thereby avoiding dimensional deviation of the cast cap beam and affecting its construction quality. At the same time, a plurality of guide wheels are added at the bottom of the second clamp, so that the cap beam support can be initially installed at the ground position, and then it can be hoisted as a whole to the designated position for fixation. The operation is convenient and quick, which greatly improves the efficiency of the installation of the entire cap beam support and reduces the cost investment.

[0007] 2. Technical solution

[0008] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

[0009] A cap beam support for engineering construction comprises two first hoops, which are fixed to the outer periphery of the pier by bolts, and the ends of the two first hoops that are far away from each other are fixedly connected to support arms by bolts, and a leveling seat is horizontally fixed to the top of the support arm, the top of the support arm is hinged to the bottom of the leveling seat, and the bottom of the support arm is hinged to the outer wall of the first hoop, and a leveling hydraulic cylinder is installed on the top of the leveling seat, and a support steel plate is fixedly connected between the tops of the two leveling hydraulic cylinders, and the output ends of the two leveling hydraulic cylinders are respectively connected to the bottoms of the two ends of the support steel plate, and the top surface of the support steel plate is provided with four I-shaped steel beams.

[0010] Furthermore, the four I-shaped steel beams are distributed in a matrix, and two adjacent I-shaped steel beams are connected by a plurality of first tension screws.

[0011] Furthermore, a plurality of I-beams are arranged on the top of the I-shaped steel beam, and the plurality of I-beams are distributed in a matrix, and the I-beams are distributed vertically to the I-shaped steel beam.

[0012] Furthermore, spirit levels are installed at both ends of the supporting steel plate, and the two spirit levels are symmetrically arranged and located at the same horizontal position.

[0013] Furthermore, a through hole is opened in the middle of the support steel plate, and the support steel plate is movably sleeved on the outer periphery of the pier column through the through hole.

[0014] Furthermore, the top of the leveling hydraulic cylinder is located directly below the outermost corresponding I-shaped steel beam.

[0015] A mounting structure of a cap beam support for engineering construction comprises two second hoops, which are fixed to the outer periphery of a pier by bolts, a plurality of wheel frames are fixedly connected to the bottom of the second hoops, a plurality of guide wheels are rotatably connected inside the wheel frames, and the outer peripheries of the guide wheels are slidably connected to the outer periphery of the pier, a support platform is fixedly connected to the top of the second hoops, and two steel unloading blocks are arranged on the top of the support platform.

[0016] Furthermore, the second clamp is located above the first clamp, and the two are fixedly connected by a plurality of second tension screws.

[0017] Furthermore, the two steel unloading blocks are symmetrically arranged, and the tops are located directly below the innermost corresponding I-shaped steel beam.

[0018] Furthermore, two symmetrically arranged safety guardrails are installed on the top of the I-shaped steel beam, and a safety ladder is installed on the outside of the safety guardrails.

[0019] 3. Beneficial effects

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0021] (1) This solution, through the coordinated use of the first clamp and the support arm, can support the leveling hydraulic cylinder on the leveling seat, drive the leveling hydraulic cylinder, and with the cooperation of the spirit level, can level the I-beam on the supporting steel plate, so that the cap beam template can remain in a horizontal state after installation, thereby avoiding dimensional deviation after the cap beam is cast and formed, which affects its construction quality.

[0022] (2) In this solution, by adding multiple guide wheels at the bottom of the second clamp, the cap beam bracket can be initially installed on the ground, and then the entire cap beam bracket can be lifted to the designated position and fixed using its lifting equipment. The entire operation only requires one lifting equipment, thus avoiding the instability of high-altitude installation of traditional cap beam brackets, making the entire operation convenient and quick, greatly improving the efficiency of the entire cap beam bracket installation, and reducing cost investment.

[0023] The above-mentioned records related to the invention content are only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to enable ordinary technicians in the field to more clearly understand the technical solution of the present application, and then implement it according to the text of the specification and the contents recorded in the drawings, and to make the above-mentioned purpose and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application easier to understand, the following is an explanation in combination with the specific implementation mode and drawings of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The drawings are only used to illustrate the principles, implementation methods, applications, characteristics and effects of the specific embodiments of the present application and other related contents, and shall not be considered as limitations of the present application.

[0025] In the drawings of the specification:

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the cap beam support and the mounting structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the installation structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the local structure of the cap beam support of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the installation and use status of the present invention.

[0031] The reference numerals in the above drawings are described as follows:

[0032] 1. The first clamp;

[0033] 2. Support arm;

[0034] 3. Leveling seat;

[0035] 4. Leveling hydraulic cylinder;

[0036] 5. Support steel plate;

[0037] 6. I-shaped steel beam;

[0038] 7. The first pair of tension screws;

[0039] 8. I-beam;

[0040] 9. Level;

[0041] 10. Second hoop;

[0042] 11. Wheel frame;

[0043] 12. Guide wheel;

[0044] 13. Support platform;

[0045] 14. Steel unloading block;

[0046] 15. The second tension screw;

[0047] 16. Safety guardrail;

[0048] 17. Climb ladders safely. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] In order to explain in detail the possible application scenarios, technical principles, specific schemes that can be implemented, and the purposes and effects that can be achieved, the following is a detailed description of the specific embodiments listed in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described herein are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and are therefore only used as examples, and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0050] Reference to "embodiment" herein means that the specific features, structures or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The term "embodiment" appearing in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it particularly limit its independence or association with other embodiments. In principle, in the present application, as long as there is no technical contradiction or conflict, the various technical features mentioned in the embodiments can be combined in any way to form a corresponding implementable technical solution.

[0051] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms used in this document have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs; the use of relevant terms in this document is only for describing specific embodiments and is not intended to limit this application.

[0052] In the description of this application, the term "and / or" is an expression used to describe the logical relationship between objects, indicating that three relationships may exist, for example, A and / or B, which means: A exists, B exists, and A and B exist at the same time. In addition, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the objects before and after are in an "or" logical relationship.

[0053] In the present application, terms such as “first” and “second” are merely used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship of quantity, priority or sequence between these entities or operations.

[0054] Without further limitations, in this application, the words "include", "comprises", "has" or other similar open-ended expressions used in sentences are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. These expressions do not exclude the presence of additional elements in the process, method or product including the elements, so that the process, method or product including a series of elements may include not only those limited elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also include elements inherent to such process, method or product.

[0055] Similar to the understanding in the Examination Guidelines, in this application, expressions such as "greater than", "less than", "exceed" and the like are understood to exclude the number itself; expressions such as "above", "below", "within" and the like are understood to include the number itself. In addition, in the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means more than two (including two), and similar expressions related to "multiple" are also understood in this way, such as "multiple groups", "multiple times", etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically limited.

[0056] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, space-related expressions used, such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "vertical", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicate the orientation or position relationship based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the specific embodiments or drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the specific embodiments of the present application or facilitating the reader's understanding, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or component must have a specific position, a specific orientation, or be constructed or operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present application.

[0057] Unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, in the description of the embodiments of the present application, the terms such as "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed", "set", etc. used should be understood in a broad sense. For example, the "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated setting; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be a relationship in which two components are combined together, or an interaction relationship between two components, or a connection between the insides of two structures. For technicians in the technical field to which the present application belongs, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0058] Example:

[0059] See also Figure 1-Figure 5 A cap beam support for engineering construction comprises two first hoops 1, which are fixed to the outer periphery of the pier by bolts, and the ends of the two first hoops 1 away from each other are fixedly connected with a support arm 2 by bolts, and a leveling seat 3 is horizontally fixed to the top of the support arm 2, and the top of the support arm 2 is hinged to the bottom of the leveling seat 3, and the bottom of the support arm 2 is hinged to the outer wall of the first hoop 1, and a leveling hydraulic cylinder 4 is installed on the top of the leveling seat 3, and a support steel plate 5 is fixedly connected between the tops of the two leveling hydraulic cylinders 4, and the output ends of the two leveling hydraulic cylinders 4 are respectively connected to the bottoms of the two ends of the support steel plate 5, and the top surface of the support steel plate 5 is provided with four I-shaped steel beams 6.

[0060] like Figure 4 As shown, two first hinged parts are arranged on both sides of the first hoop 1, and the first hinged parts are two mutually parallel first hinged plates. The bottom of the support arm 2 is connected to the two first hinged plates by two first bolts. When installing, the positions of the two first bolts can be changed to realize the rotation angle between the support arm 2 and the first hinged part, and adjust the angle between the support arm 2 and the first hoop 1;

[0061] During installation, first install a first bolt, adjust the angle of the bottom of the support arm 2 to the required angle, and then install the second first bolt to fix the angle of the bottom of the support arm 2, so that the bottom angle of the support arm 2 can be set according to actual conditions;

[0062] In other embodiments, an angle ruler may be provided at the bottom of the support arm 2 to facilitate display and adjustment of the angle of the support arm 2 .

[0063] A second hinged portion is provided at the bottom of the leveling seat 3, and the second hinged portion is two second hinged plates parallel to each other. The top of the support arm 2 is connected to the two second hinged plates by two second bolts. By changing the positions of the two second bolts, the rotation angle between the support arm 2 and the second hinged portion can be achieved, thereby adjusting the angle between the support arm 2 and the leveling seat 3, and finally adjusting the height of the two ends of the support steel plate 5 in the vertical direction, thereby changing the height of the left and right ends of the four I-shaped steel beams 6 in the vertical direction.

[0064] During installation, first install a second bolt, adjust the angle of the top of the support arm 2 to the required angle, and then install the second second bolt to fix the angle of the top of the support arm 2, so that the top angle of the support arm 2 can be set according to actual conditions;

[0065] In other embodiments, an angle ruler may be provided on the top of the support arm 2 to facilitate display and adjustment of the angle of the support arm 2 .

[0066] In this way, it is convenient to adjust the height of the left and right ends of the supporting steel plate 5 in the vertical direction, ensure the levelness of the left and right ends of the supporting steel plate 5, and thus ensure the levelness of the left and right ends of the four I-shaped steel beams 6;

[0067] The top of the support arm 2 is hinged to the bottom of the leveling seat 3, and the bottom of the support arm 2 is hinged to the outer wall of the first clamp 1, which can adapt to support steel plates 5 of different lengths and facilitate the connection between the two sides of the first clamp 1 and the bottom of the support steel plate 5.

[0068] The cross-sectional shape of the supporting steel plate 5 is an inverted U shape.

[0069] See also Figure 1 The four I-shaped steel beams 6 are distributed in a matrix, and two adjacent I-shaped steel beams 6 are connected by multiple first pair of tension screws 7. When in use, the I-shaped steel beams 6 are connected by multiple first pair of tension screws 7 to form a stable overall structure, providing strong support for the bottom of the cap beam casting mold.

[0070] The four I-shaped steel beams 6 are arranged in a horizontal direction and fixed to each other by a plurality of first tension screws 7 .

[0071] See also Figure 1A plurality of I-beams 8 are arranged on the top of the I-beam 6, and the I-beams 8 are distributed in a matrix, and the I-beams 8 are vertically distributed with the I-beams 6. When in use, by arranging the I-beams 8, the lateral support area of ​​the I-beam 6 can be increased, the load borne by the I-beam 6 can be dispersed, and the stress concentration caused by the cantilever can be reduced, thereby ensuring the stability of the structure and improving its load-bearing capacity. The I-beams 8 have shock-absorbing and buffering effects, which can effectively reduce the friction and vibration between the I-beam 6 and the cap beam mold, and can also eliminate noise. In addition, the required model and distribution spacing of the I-beams 8 are calculated according to the actual load, and the distribution spacing can be adjusted according to the different cap beam size and load.

[0072] See also Figure 4 A level 9 is installed at both ends of the supporting steel plate 5. The two level gauges 9 are symmetrically arranged and located at the same horizontal position. When in use, during the level adjustment process, the balance state of the level gauge 9 can be used to judge whether the supporting steel plate 5 is adjusted to a balanced state.

[0073] The two levels 9 are checked against each other to determine whether the left and right ends of the supporting steel plate 5 are both in a horizontal state.

[0074] See also Figure 4 and Figure 5 A through hole is opened in the middle of the support steel plate 5, and the support steel plate 5 is movably sleeved on the outer periphery of the pier through the through hole. When in use, the setting of the through hole facilitates the installation of the support steel plate 5 on the pier.

[0075] See also Figure 2 The top of the leveling hydraulic cylinder 4 is located directly below the outermost corresponding I-shaped steel beam 6.

[0076] A mounting structure of a cap beam support for engineering construction includes two second hoops 10, which are fixed to the outer periphery of a pier by bolts, a plurality of wheel frames 11 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the second hoops 10, a plurality of guide wheels 12 are rotatably connected inside the wheel frames 11, and the outer peripheries of the guide wheels 12 are slidably connected to the outer periphery of the pier, a support platform 13 is fixedly connected to the top of the second hoops 10, and two steel unloading blocks 14 are arranged on the top of the support platform 13.

[0077] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, three wheel frames 11 are arranged at the bottom of the second hoop 10 on the left side, and four guide wheels 12 arranged in the vertical direction are arranged on the wheel frames 11, and the guide wheels 12 are rotatably arranged on the wheel frames 11;

[0078] Similarly, three wheel frames 11 are arranged at the bottom of the second hoop 10 on the right side, and four guide wheels 12 arranged in the vertical direction are arranged on the wheel frames 11, and the guide wheels 12 are rotatably arranged on the wheel frames 11;

[0079] After the two second hoops 10 are connected by bolts, the three wheel frames 11 on the left and right sides are arranged around the center of the two second hoops 10. During installation, the six wheel frames 11 can correspond to the arrangement of the outer periphery of the pier column. A spring can be arranged on each guide wheel 12. The guide wheel 12 is arranged on the wheel frame 11 through the spring. The spring drives the guide wheel 12 to move toward the center of the second hoops 10 so that the guide wheel 12 contacts the outer periphery of the pier column. When the two second hoops 10 are sleeved on the outer periphery of the pier column, the guide wheel 12 contacts the outer periphery of the pier column through the spring. This can avoid the problem that the guide wheel 12 cannot contact the surface of the pier column when the surface of the pier column is uneven.

[0080] See also Figure 2 The second clamp 10 is located above the first clamp 1, and the two are fixedly connected by a plurality of second tension screws 15. When in use, the first clamp 1 and the second clamp 15 can be connected by the plurality of second tension screws 15 to make the overall structure complete. The two are intertwined to improve the stability of the overall structure.

[0081] See also Figure 2 The two steel unloading blocks 14 are symmetrically arranged, and the top is located directly below the innermost corresponding I-shaped steel beam 6. When in use, the steel unloading blocks 14 can adjust the bracket elevation in an orderly manner to ensure that after the concrete reaches sufficient strength, the temporary support load can be safely and smoothly transferred to the main structure of the bridge, thereby successfully completing the unloading process of the bridge. At the same time, the steel unloading blocks 14 also have the functions of impact absorption, reducing horizontal loads, maintaining structural stability and improving safety.

[0082] See also Figure 1 Two symmetrically arranged safety guardrails 16 are installed on the top of the I-shaped steel beam, and a safety ladder 17 is installed on the outside of the safety guardrails 16.

[0083] In this embodiment, a safety ladder 17 is provided on the outer side of the safety guardrail 16 . The safety guardrail 16 is used for safety protection, and the safety ladder 17 facilitates personnel to climb into the safety guardrail 16 .

[0084] When in use: the first clamp 1 and the second clamp 10 are respectively installed to the outer periphery of the pier column by bolts, and a reasonable distance is set between the two, and they are connected and fixed by the second tension screw 15, and then the support steel plate 5 is sleeved to the outer periphery of the pier column and placed on the top of the output end of the two leveling hydraulic cylinders 4, and two steel unloading blocks 14 are placed between the support steel plate 5 and the support platform 13 on the top of the second clamp 10; repeat the above operation to install another pier column; when the two pier columns are installed, the first clamp 1 on the pier column is lifted to the designated position together with the second clamp 10 by the lifting equipment. The first and second clamps 1, 10 are installed in the installation position and the bolts are tightened to fix the first clamp 1 and the second clamp 10 on the corresponding piers. Then the lifting equipment is used again to place the I-shaped steel beam 6 on the top of the supporting steel plate 5. Then the two adjacent I-shaped steel beams 6 are connected and fixed by the first tension screw 7. Then the leveling hydraulic cylinder 4 is started to adjust the horizontal state of the I-shaped steel beam 6 on the supporting steel plate 5 to keep it horizontal as a whole. Finally, the cap beam casting mold is installed on the cap beam bracket for casting. The whole operation is convenient and quick, which greatly improves the efficiency of the installation of the entire cap beam bracket and reduces the cost investment.

[0085] It should be noted that, although the above embodiments have been described in this article, the patent protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby. Therefore, based on the innovative concept of the present invention, changes and modifications made to the embodiments described herein, or equivalent structures or equivalent process changes made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, directly or indirectly applying the above technical solutions to other related technical fields, are all included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cap beam support for engineering construction, comprising two first hoops (1), wherein the two first hoops (1) are fixed to the outer periphery of a pier column by bolts, characterized in that: The ends of the two first clamps (1) that are away from each other are fixedly connected to a support arm (2) by bolts, a leveling seat (3) is horizontally fixed to the top of the support arm (2), the top of the support arm (2) is hinged to the bottom of the leveling seat (3), the bottom of the support arm (2) is hinged to the outer wall of the first clamp (1), a leveling hydraulic cylinder (4) is installed on the top of the leveling seat (3), a support steel plate (5) is fixedly connected between the tops of the two leveling hydraulic cylinders (4), the output ends of the two leveling hydraulic cylinders (4) are respectively connected to the bottoms of the two ends of the support steel plate (5), and four I-shaped steel beams (6) are arranged on the top surface of the support steel plate (5).

2. A cap beam support for engineering construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The four I-shaped steel beams (6) are distributed in a matrix, and two adjacent I-shaped steel beams (6) are connected via a plurality of first tension screw rods (7).

3. The cap beam support for engineering construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of I-beams (8) are arranged on the top of the I-shaped steel beam (6), and the plurality of I-beams (8) are distributed in a matrix, and the I-beams (8) are vertically distributed to the I-shaped steel beam (6).

4. The cap beam support for engineering construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: Level meters (9) are installed at both ends of the supporting steel plate (5), and the two level meters (9) are symmetrically arranged and located at the same horizontal position.

5. The cap beam support for engineering construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: A through hole is provided in the middle of the support steel plate (5), and the support steel plate (5) is movably sleeved on the outer periphery of the pier column through the through hole.

6. The cap beam support for engineering construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the leveling hydraulic cylinder (4) is located directly below the outermost corresponding I-shaped steel beam (6).

7. An installation structure of a cap beam support for engineering construction as claimed in claims 1 to 6, comprising two second hoops (10), the two second hoops (10) being fixed to the outer periphery of the pier column by bolts, characterized in that: A plurality of wheel frames (11) are fixedly connected to the bottom of the second hoop (10), and the plurality of wheel frames (11) are arranged around the centers of the two second hoop (10). A plurality of guide wheels (12) are rotatably connected inside the wheel frames (11), and the outer peripheries of the guide wheels (12) are slidably connected to the outer peripheries of the pier columns. A support platform (13) is fixedly connected to the top of the second hoop (10), and two steel unloading blocks (14) are arranged on the top of the support platform (13).

8. The installation structure of the cap beam support for engineering construction according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The second clamp (10) is located above the first clamp (1), and the two are fixedly connected via a plurality of second tension screws (15).

9. The installation structure of the cap beam support for engineering construction according to claim 7, characterized in that: The two steel unloading blocks (14) are symmetrically arranged, and the tops are located directly below the innermost corresponding I-shaped steel beam (6).

10. The installation structure of the cap beam support for engineering construction according to claim 7, characterized in that: Two symmetrically arranged safety guardrails (16) are installed on the top of the I-shaped steel beam, and a safety ladder (17) is installed outside the safety guardrails (16).

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