Step-by-step energy consumption retaining installation equipment for preventing and treating slope granular mixture disasters

Abstract

The invention relates to step-by-step energy consumption retaining installation equipment for preventing and treating slope granular mixture disasters, and belongs to the technical field of slope granular mixture disaster prevention and treatment. The step-by-step energy consumption retaining installation equipment comprises an installation disc and three positioning rods which are vertically fixed to the surface of the installation disc and are distributed in an equilateral triangle shape, and the positioning rods are axially inserted into a grouting steel pipe to be installed in a sliding fit mode; the three positioning rods are fixedly connected together by a positioning disc positioned below the mounting disc; a sealing plug is elastically and telescopically mounted on the rod wall of the positioning rod in the radial direction of the positioning rod, the sealing plug retreats into the rod wall in a normal state, and all the sealing plugs directly face the grouting holes in the grouting steel pipe; a bearing rod is further inserted into the center hole of each positioning rod in an axial sliding mode, and when the bearing rods are inserted into the center holes in place, all the sealing plugs are inserted into the grouting holes in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and temporary sealing is formed. According to the invention, safe and reliable construction operation can be carried out on the micro pile support of the slope granular mixture.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of prevention and control of slope granular disasters, and in particular to a step-by-step energy-consuming support installation device for preventing and controlling slope granular disasters. Background Art

[0002] Granular slopes are sand and debris formed by strong weathering, with gravel and angular gravel as the main components, and low clay content. Due to weak cohesion between particles, they are prone to slipping under the action of self-weight or tectonic movement, rainfall, human activities, etc., and accumulate at the position of natural repose angle. They are easily unstable due to external disturbances. They are common in the economically underdeveloped western mountainous areas, especially in steep slopes with strong weathering. When it rains or snow melts, water infiltration reduces the friction between particles and increases the self-weight load of granular slopes, while tectonic movements such as earthquakes will vibrate and destroy the original balance of loose accumulations; continuous weathering intensifies the separation of debris, weakens the stability of slopes, and leads to slope instability, threatening the safety of roads, buildings and other infrastructure, hindering traffic operations, and even forming debris flow sources, increasing the risk of secondary disasters.

[0003] In engineering practice, comprehensive measures such as stabilizing the slope, intercepting debris, and diverting water flow are usually adopted, such as grouting to enhance the bonding force between particles, improve the stability of the slope, and set up corresponding blocking projects, such as setting up sand retaining walls, sheds, etc. to intercept loose materials, so as to reduce the probability of occurrence of slope granular disasters. For example, in the Chinese patent with publication number CN115045304A, a very effective retaining structure is recorded, which mainly adopts the arrangement of multi-level micro-piles to form a multi-level retaining structure along the direction of slope development, and the micro-piles used are composed of three equilateral triangle-arranged grouting steel pipes and triangular connecting steel beams to form the main support, the tire is axially sleeved on the three grouting steel pipes, and the tire is positioned and installed by the connecting steel beam, and the grouting steel pipe is provided with grouting holes. After high-pressure grouting, not only each micro-pile is firmly fixed, but also the bedrock cracks and the pores of the granular body are filled to form a slurry-solidified layer, which reduces the looseness of the granular body and greatly improves the protection against slope granular disasters. This step-by-step energy-absorbing support structure in the prior art effectively suppresses the loosening and sliding of the bulk solid, especially by directly using waste tires for construction. It not only solves the problem of recycling waste tires, but also greatly improves the protectiveness of the entire energy-absorbing support structure by using the toughness of the tires themselves.

[0004] As for the above prior art, as described in its specification, the grouting steel pipe used is directly driven into the bedrock layer by machinery, that is, the direct rock penetration method of steel pipe pile installation is adopted, rather than the commonly used pipe insertion and grouting process after drilling. Compared with the direct installation of the grouting steel pipe after drilling, this method can naturally maintain the tightness and firmness of the steel pipe and the rock layer, but it needs to pass through the granular layer and the bedrock layer. Since a series of grouting holes need to be opened in the grouting steel pipe in advance, the strength of a section of the grouting steel pipe where the grouting holes are set is poor, especially this section is to be installed in the bedrock and the length of the steel pipe penetrating into the bedrock can reach up to 2m. At the same time, it is in contact with the bedrock and is forcibly driven into the bedrock, and the load it bears is large. Therefore, the grouting steel pipe is easy to bend and damage after being driven in.

[0005] Secondly, in the process of driving the grouting steel pipe into the rock formation, the grouting holes may be blocked by gravel, etc., especially since the granular body itself is mostly crushed stone, which is very likely to block part of the grouting holes. Although grouting can be done by high-pressure grouting, in such a relatively open environment (the mortar can flow out from the other grouting holes and the gaps in the granular body, so it is not a high-pressure injection in a closed environment), the crushed stone stuck in the grouting port but not completely blocked is not easy to be pressed out, especially when some crushed stone squeezes into the grouting port and enters the inside of the grouting steel pipe, it may gather in the lower section of the grouting steel pipe, resulting in a significant decrease in grouting efficiency and the grouting speed cannot be accurately controlled, affecting normal grouting, and then failing to obtain the expected slurry-solidified layer.

[0006] In addition, since the grouting steel pipe is driven into the rock formation directly on site by machinery, the deformation of the grouting steel pipe may not form a predetermined equilateral triangle, which results in the steel pipe connecting beam being unable to connect the three sleeves normally after the sleeve is put on the grouting steel pipe. As a result, the steel pipe connecting beam can only be processed after on-site measurement and then combined and welded. What is obtained is not the predetermined equilateral triangle structure.

[0007] Finally, if the grouting steel pipe mentioned in the prior art is driven into the bedrock using pure mechanical pressure, that is, using the direct rock penetration method, the bottom end of the general steel pipe is very easy to be rolled up, and there may be problems in installing it according to the structure described in its manual.

[0008] In summary, although the existing technology can play a good supporting effect of step-by-step energy consumption in structure, there are certain construction difficulties during construction, and there is a lack of professional and reliable construction tools to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0009] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a step-by-step energy-absorbing support installation device for preventing and controlling slope granular disasters, so as to solve the problem of lack of professional and reliable installation equipment when multi-stage micropiles are used to prevent and control slope granular disasters in the prior art.

[0010] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0011] A step-by-step energy-consuming support installation device for preventing and controlling slope granular disasters, comprising a mounting plate and three positioning rods vertically fixed on the surface of the mounting plate and distributed in an equilateral triangle, wherein the positioning rods are inserted into the grouting steel pipe to be installed in an axially sliding manner, and the three positioning rods are fixedly connected together by a positioning plate located below the mounting plate, and the positioning plate is arranged parallel to the mounting plate; the positioning rod is an axially hollow tubular structure, and a sealing plug is elastically and telescopically installed on the rod wall of the positioning rod along its radial direction, and the sealing plug Under normal circumstances, it retreats into the rod wall so that the positioning rod can be freely inserted into the grouting steel pipe, and when the positioning plate contacts the top surface of the grouting steel pipe, the positioning rod is inserted to the bottom, and all the sealing plugs are opposite to the grouting holes on the grouting steel pipe; a bearing rod is also axially slidably inserted into the center hole of each positioning rod, and when the bearing rod is inserted into the center hole, all the sealing plugs are inserted into the grouting holes one by one to completely close all the grouting holes, and the end faces of the sealing plugs participate in forming the outer cylindrical surface of the grouting steel pipe.

[0012] Furthermore, the sealing plug includes a plug and a first sliding column. The plug is used to seal the grouting hole. One end of the first sliding column is fixed to the plug, and the other end is hemispherical and extends into the center hole under normal conditions. A first return tension spring connected to the plug is sleeved on the outer side of the first sliding column.

[0013] Furthermore, a crushing cone is installed at the bottom end of the positioning rod, and the crushing cone is coaxially fixed to the bottom end of the grouting steel pipe. The bottom end of the bearing rod is coaxially and detachably fixedly connected to the large end face of the crushing cone.

[0014] Furthermore, the grouting steel pipe and the positioning rod are axially slidably connected via a sliding key, so that when the positioning rod is inserted into the grouting steel pipe, each of the sealing plugs can face the grouting hole.

[0015] Furthermore, an alloy drill bit with a hollow interior is coaxially mounted at the bottom end of the positioning rod. The alloy drill bit includes a drill bit body and a plurality of auxiliary drill bodies mounted in a ring array inside the drill bit body. The auxiliary drill bodies are elastically telescopically arranged along the radial direction of the drill bit body, and under normal conditions, the auxiliary drill bodies are completely retracted into the drill bit body.

[0016] Furthermore, a slag discharge hole is provided in the axial direction of the bearing rod, and a stepped hole is provided in the axial direction of the drill body; the auxiliary drill body is fixedly connected to a second sliding column installed along the radial sliding direction of the drill body, and a second reset tension spring connected to the auxiliary drill body and installed in the drill body is sleeved on the outer side of the second sliding column. The second reset tension spring allows the hemispherical end of the second sliding column to extend into the stepped hole of the drill body, so that when the bottom end of the bearing rod is inserted into the stepped hole and contacts the step of the stepped hole, all the auxiliary drill bodies extend out of the drill body, and the tip of the auxiliary drill body cannot be located on the inner side of the outer cylindrical surface of the grouting steel pipe.

[0017] Furthermore, when the bearing rod is inserted into the drill body, the tip of the auxiliary drill body is located on the outer cylindrical surface of the grouting steel pipe.

[0018] Furthermore, a level is provided on the installation plate or the positioning plate, so that during installation, the respective levels can be referred to to confirm whether the positions of the equilateral triangles in which the three grouting steel pipes are arranged are consistent.

[0019] Furthermore, the top surface of the drill body and the bottom end of the positioning rod are connected together by mutual attraction through magnets; the bottom end of the supporting rod and the stepped hole of the drill body are connected through a transmission key, and the transmission key is fixed to the bottom surface of the supporting rod or the side wall close to the bottom surface, and is plugged into a slot at a corresponding position in the stepped hole.

[0020] Furthermore, the bottom end of the drill bit body has a plurality of inclined surfaces in a circular array, so that the bottom end surface of the drill bit body forms a bell-mouth structure with one large end facing downward, and the bell-mouth structure is used to guide the drill cuttings to enter and flow into the slag discharge hole; a spiral conveying trough or a slag discharge auger is also provided in the slag discharge hole.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] The step-by-step energy-consuming support and installation equipment for preventing and controlling slope granular disasters can accurately position the three grouting steel pipes of each group of micro-piles through positioning rods to form a consistent equilateral triangle array arrangement. It can also use a level to assist in correcting the relative positions of all micro-piles, thereby avoiding the situation where all micro-piles have inconsistent structures and positions during installation. In addition, a sealing plug is additionally provided to fully seal the grouting hole to avoid being stuck by gravel in the granular layer during construction and affecting grouting. In addition, the present invention can also install the grouting steel pipe while drilling a hole, which is not only efficient, but also can well avoid the problems of pipe collapse and bending that may occur when the grouting steel pipe is mechanically driven into the bedrock, thereby improving the step-by-step energy-consuming support effect after the micro-piles are installed.

[0023] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be described in the following description to some extent, and to some extent, will be obvious to those skilled in the art based on the following examination and study, or can be taught from the practice of the present invention. The objectives and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 A front view of the present invention when a group of micropiles are installed;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a front view of the first implementation structure of the present invention when installing one of the grouting steel pipes;

[0026] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A magnified view of the structure at center A;

[0027] Figure 4 It is a front view of the second implementation structure of the present invention when installing one of the grouting steel pipes;

[0028] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A magnified view of the structure at B in the middle;

[0029] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Enlarged view of the structure at C in the middle.

[0030] In the figure: grouting steel pipe 1, grouting hole 101, sleeve 2, steel pipe connecting beam 3, tire 4, positioning rod 5, center hole 501, mounting plate 6, positioning plate 7, sealing plug 8, plug 801, first reset spring 802, first sliding column 803, crushing cone 9, alloy drill bit 10, drill bit body 1001, stepped hole 100101, inclined surface 100102, auxiliary drill body 1002, second sliding column 1003, second reset spring 1004, transmission key 11, bearing rod 12, slag discharge hole 1201, level 13. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0032] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0034] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides a technical solution: a step-by-step energy-consuming support installation device for preventing and controlling slope granular disasters, which is mainly used for installing micropiles, specifically starting from the installation of the grouting steel pipe 1 of each micropile, that is, the installation device mainly includes a mounting plate 6, and three positioning rods 5 distributed in an equilateral triangle and vertically fixed on the surface of the mounting plate 6, and the three positioning rods 5 are fixed on the bottom end surface of the mounting plate 6. When in use, all positioning rods 5 must be axially slidably inserted into the three grouting steel pipes 1 to be installed. Since the positioning rods 5 are arranged in an equilateral triangle array, it can be ensured that the three grouting steel pipes 1 are also arranged in an equilateral triangle, ensuring the consistency of the structure of each micropile. At the same time, in this embodiment, the three positioning rods 5 are fixedly connected together by a positioning plate 7 located below the mounting plate 6, and the positioning plate 7 is arranged parallel to the mounting plate 6. Generally speaking, the positioning plate 7 can slide axially along the positioning rod 5, and when it slides to the corresponding position, it is fixed by bolts or the like, that is, the bolts are screwed in radially along the positioning plate 7, and then contact with the positioning rod 5 in the positioning plate 7 to complete the fixed installation. Figure 2-Figure 3 As shown, the positioning rod 5 is an axially hollow tubular structure, and a sealing plug 8 is elastically and telescopically installed on the rod wall of the positioning rod 5 along its radial direction. The sealing plug 8 retracts into the rod wall under normal conditions so that the positioning rod 5 can be freely inserted into the grouting steel pipe 1. When the positioning plate 7 contacts the top surface of the grouting steel pipe 1, that is, the positioning rod 5 is inserted to the bottom, all the sealing plugs 8 on the positioning rod 5 are facing all the grouting holes 101 on the grouting steel pipe 1 one by one, so as to extend into the grouting holes 101 and close the grouting steel pipe 1. In addition, a bearing rod 12 is axially slidably inserted into the center hole 501 of each positioning rod 5. When the bearing rod 12 is inserted into the center hole 501 and is in place ( Figure 3 The load-bearing rod 12 is not shown in the figure, and all the sealing plugs 8 are inserted into the grouting holes 101 one by one to completely seal all the grouting holes 101, and the end faces of the sealing plugs 8 participate in forming the outer cylindrical surface of the grouting steel pipe 1, so as to ensure that the grouting steel pipe 1 with all the grouting holes 101 sealed is in the shape of a regular circular tube.

[0035] like Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the sealing plug 8 includes a plug 801 and a first sliding column 803. The plug 801 is used to seal the grouting hole 101. One end of the first sliding column 803 is fixed to the plug 801, and the other end is hemispherical so as to smoothly contact with the load-bearing rod 12 inserted when in use. The hemispherical end extends into the center hole 501 under normal conditions to prepare for contact with the load-bearing rod 12 inserted when in use. The first sliding column 803 is provided with a first return spring 802 connected to the plug 801 on the outer side to maintain the above-mentioned normal position.

[0036] In practice, Figure 3 The bottom end of the positioning rod 5 is equipped with a crushing cone 9 so that it can be directly inserted and installed by impacting the rock layer with lower hardness, and the crushing cone 9 is coaxially fixed to the bottom end of the grouting steel pipe 1, and the bottom end of the bearing rod 12 is coaxially detachably fixedly connected with the large end face of the crushing cone 9, such as direct spline axial plug-in. This structure is mainly used for rock layers with low hardness, and has slightly greater limitations. However, compared with the general insertion installation after drilling, it is undoubtedly more closely matched with the rock layer before grouting, and is more suitable for relatively soft rock layers, which can improve the tightness.

[0037] In order to facilitate the rapid installation of the positioning rod 5, the grouting steel pipe 1 and the positioning rod 5 can be axially slidably connected by a sliding key (not shown in the figure) to guide the positioning rod 5 to be inserted into the grouting steel pipe 1 so that each sealing plug 8 can face the grouting hole 101. The sliding key can be fixed on the side wall of the positioning rod 5, and the inner wall of the grouting steel pipe 1 is provided with a vertical sliding groove, and the sliding key moves along the vertical sliding groove, and the sliding key is staggered from the grouting hole 101.

[0038] In practice, Figure 4-Figure 6, an alloy drill bit 10 with a hollow interior is coaxially mounted at the bottom end of the positioning rod 5, so that when installing the grouting steel pipe 1, the installation is performed after drilling. However, unlike the traditional installation after drilling, in this embodiment, the installation is performed while drilling. Specifically, the alloy drill bit 10 includes a drill bit body 1001 and a plurality of auxiliary drill bodies 1002 mounted in a circular array in the drill bit body 1001. The drill bit body 1001 can drill in hard rock formations, and the auxiliary drill bodies 1002 are elastically telescopically arranged along the radial direction of the drill bit body 1001. In normal conditions, the auxiliary drill bodies 1002 are completely retracted into the drill bit body 1001, so that the drilling tool formed by the positioning rod 5 and the alloy drill bit 10 can be inserted into each grouting steel pipe 1 without hindrance. In addition, a slag discharge hole 1201 is provided in the axial direction of the bearing rod 12 for discharging drill cuttings toward the rock surface. When in use, a solid rod (not shown in the figure) can be inserted into the slag discharge hole 1201 to block it during the insertion stroke that does not require drilling. For example, when the grouting steel pipe 1 is inserted into the granular layer, the solid rod can be inserted first. When it is impossible to continue inserting toward the slope surface by mechanical pressure, the solid rod can be pulled out, and then the alloy drill bit 10 is rotated to drill, and the grouting steel pipe 1 is brought into the bedrock layer, because the drill cuttings are not easy to block the slag discharge hole 1201. Specifically, Figure 6 The drill body 1001 has a stepped hole 100101 in the axial direction, the auxiliary drill body 1002 is fixedly connected to the second slide column 1003 which is radially slidably installed along the drill body 1001, and the outer side of the second slide column 1003 is sleeved with a second return tension spring 1004 which is installed in the drill body 1001 and connected to the auxiliary drill body 1002. The second return tension spring 1004 allows the hemispherical end of the second slide column 1003 to extend into the stepped hole 100101 of the drill body 1001 when not in operation. When in use, when the bottom end of the bearing rod 12 is inserted into the stepped hole 100101 and contacts the step of the stepped hole 100101, all the auxiliary drill bodies 1002 extend out of the drill bit body 1001, and the tip of the auxiliary drill body 1002 cannot be located on the inner side of the outer cylindrical surface of the grouting steel pipe 1, so as to completely cover the bottom end of the grouting steel pipe 1 to avoid axial contact with the bedrock layer, thereby achieving the alloy drill bit 10 drilling first, and the grouting steel pipe 1 is installed synchronously and integrally thereafter. During specific construction, it is best that when the bearing rod 12 is inserted into the drill bit body 1001, the tip of the auxiliary drill body 1002 is located on the outer cylindrical surface of the grouting steel pipe 1, which can ensure that the grouting steel pipe 1 is in as close contact with the bedrock layer as possible.

[0039] In the embodiment, Figure 1A level 13 is provided on the installation plate 6 or the positioning plate 7, so that during installation, the installer can refer to the level 13 corresponding to each group of micropiles to confirm whether the equilateral triangle positions of the three grouting steel pipes 1 are consistent. For example, if a new group of micropiles composed of three grouting steel pipes 1 is installed on the slope, it is only necessary to keep the bubbles of the level 13 on each group of micropiles centered, so as to avoid some micropiles being tilted, thereby affecting the overall effect of the support, which is very important.

[0040] In the above embodiments, in order to facilitate the installation of the alloy drill bit 10, the top surface of the drill body 1001 and the bottom end of the positioning rod 5 can be temporarily connected together through the mutual attraction of magnets, or temporarily installed through other detachable installation forms. During specific production, the bottom end of the load-bearing rod 12 can be connected to the stepped hole 100101 of the drill body 1001 through a transmission key 11. The transmission key 11 is fixed to the bottom end surface of the load-bearing rod 12 or the side wall close to the bottom end surface, and is plugged into the slot at the corresponding position in the stepped hole 100101 to form a key transmission torque, so that when an external device drives the load-bearing rod 12 to rotate, it can drive the alloy drill bit 10 to rotate as a whole. Due to the magnetic connection of the aforementioned magnet, it will not prevent the alloy drill bit 10 from rotating relative to the bottom end of the positioning rod 5, which is very clever. In order to better remove chips, such as Figure 6 The bottom end of the drill body 1001 has a plurality of annular array inclined surfaces 100102, so that the bottom end surface of the drill body 1001 forms a bell-mouth structure with a large end facing downward, and the bell-mouth structure is used to guide the drill cuttings to enter and flow into the slag discharge hole 1201, and then be discharged. Figure 6 It is just a schematic diagram. In actual use, the diameter of the slag discharge hole 1201 can be adaptively enlarged, and a spiral conveying trough (not shown in the figure) can be provided in the slag discharge hole 1201 to enhance the drill cuttings conveying effect, or a slag discharge auger (not shown in the figure) can be coaxially installed. The rotation of the slag discharge auger in the slag discharge hole 1201 can actively discharge the drill cuttings very quickly. However, this is generally used when the grouting pipe is driven deep into the bedrock layer, for example, a depth of 2 meters or even more.

[0041] In the above description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "one side", "the other side", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of the invention is usually placed when in use, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0042] In addition, the term "same" does not mean that the parts must be absolutely the same, but slight differences are allowed. The term "vertical" only means that the positional relationship between the parts is more vertical than "parallel", and does not mean that the structure must be completely vertical, but can be slightly tilted.

[0043] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A step-by-step energy-consuming support and installation device for preventing and controlling slope granular disasters, characterized in that: It comprises a mounting plate (6) and three positioning rods (5) vertically fixed on the surface of the mounting plate (6) and distributed in an equilateral triangle, wherein the positioning rods (5) are inserted into the grouting steel pipe (1) to be installed in an axially sliding manner, and the three positioning rods (5) are fixedly connected together by a positioning plate (7) located below the mounting plate (6), and the positioning plate (7) is arranged parallel to the mounting plate (6); The positioning rod (5) is an axially hollow tubular structure, and a sealing plug (8) is elastically and telescopically mounted on the rod wall of the positioning rod (5) along its radial direction. The sealing plug (8) retracts into the rod wall under normal conditions so that the positioning rod (5) can be freely inserted into the grouting steel pipe (1), and when the positioning plate (7) contacts the top end surface of the grouting steel pipe (1), the positioning rod (5) is inserted to the bottom and all the sealing plugs (8) face the grouting holes (101) on the grouting steel pipe (1); A bearing rod (12) is also axially slidably inserted into the center hole (501) of each positioning rod (5). When the bearing rod (12) is inserted into the center hole (501) in place, all the sealing plugs (8) are inserted into the grouting holes (101) one by one to completely seal all the grouting holes (101), and the end faces of the sealing plugs (8) participate in forming the outer cylindrical surface of the grouting steel pipe (1).

2. The step-by-step energy dissipation support installation device for preventing and controlling slope granular disasters according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The sealing plug (8) includes a plug (801) and a first sliding column (803). The plug (801) is used to seal the grouting hole (101). One end of the first sliding column (803) is fixed to the plug (801), and the other end is hemispherical and extends into the center hole (501) under normal conditions. The first sliding column (803) is sleeved on the outer side with a first return tension spring (802) connected to the plug (801).

3. The step-by-step energy dissipation support installation device for preventing and controlling slope granular disasters according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A crushing cone (9) is installed at the bottom end of the positioning rod (5), and the crushing cone (9) is coaxially fixed to the bottom end of the grouting steel pipe (1). The bottom end of the bearing rod (12) is coaxially and detachably fixedly connected to the large end face of the crushing cone (9).

4. The step-by-step energy-dissipating support and installation equipment for preventing and controlling slope granular disasters according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The grouting steel pipe (1) and the positioning rod (5) are axially slidably connected via a sliding key, so that when the positioning rod (5) is inserted into the grouting steel pipe (1), each of the sealing plugs (8) can face the grouting hole (101).

5. The step-by-step energy dissipation support installation device for preventing and controlling slope granular disasters according to claim 1 is characterized in that: An alloy drill bit (10) with a hollow interior is coaxially mounted at the bottom end of the positioning rod (5). The alloy drill bit (10) comprises a drill bit body (1001) and a plurality of auxiliary drill bodies (1002) mounted in a ring array in the drill bit body (1001). The auxiliary drill bodies (1002) are elastically telescopically arranged along the radial direction of the drill bit body (1001), and in a normal state, the auxiliary drill bodies (1002) are completely retracted into the drill bit body (1001).

6. The step-by-step energy dissipation support installation device for preventing and controlling slope granular disasters according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The bearing rod (12) is provided with a slag discharge hole (1201) in the axial direction, and the drill body (1001) is provided with a stepped hole (100101) in the axial direction; The auxiliary drill body (1002) is fixedly connected to a second slide column (1003) radially slidably installed along the drill body (1001); a second return tension spring (1004) installed in the drill body (1001) and connected to the auxiliary drill body (1002) is sleeved on the outer side of the second slide column (1003); the second return tension spring (1004) allows the hemispherical end of the second slide column (1003) to extend into the stepped hole (100101) of the drill body (1001), so that when the bottom end of the bearing rod (12) is inserted into the stepped hole (100101) and contacts the step of the stepped hole (100101), all the auxiliary drill bodies (1002) extend out of the drill body (1001), and the tip of the auxiliary drill body (1002) cannot be located on the inner side of the outer cylindrical surface of the grouting steel pipe (1).

7. The step-by-step energy dissipation support installation device for preventing and controlling slope granular disasters according to claim 6 is characterized in that: When the bearing rod (12) is inserted into the drill body (1001) and in place, the tip of the auxiliary drill body (1002) is located on the outer cylindrical surface of the grouting steel pipe (1).

8. The step-by-step energy dissipation support installation device for preventing and controlling slope granular disasters according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A level meter (13) is provided on the installation plate (6) or the positioning plate (7), so that during installation, the respective level meters (13) can be referenced to confirm whether the positions of the equilateral triangles of the three grouting steel pipes (1) are consistent.

9. The step-by-step energy dissipation support installation device for preventing and controlling slope granular disasters according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The top end surface of the drill body (1001) and the bottom end of the positioning rod (5) are connected together by mutual attraction through magnets; the bottom end of the bearing rod (12) and the stepped hole (100101) of the drill body (1001) are connected by transmission via a transmission key (11); the transmission key (11) is fixed to the bottom end surface of the bearing rod (12) or to the side wall close to the bottom end surface, and is plugged into a slot at a corresponding position in the stepped hole (100101).

10. The step-by-step energy dissipation support installation device for preventing and controlling slope granular disasters according to claim 9 is characterized in that: The bottom end of the drill body (1001) has a plurality of inclined surfaces (100102) in a circular array, so that the bottom end surface of the drill body (1001) forms a bell-mouth structure with a large end facing downward, and the bell-mouth structure is used to guide the drill cuttings to enter and flow into the slag discharge hole (1201); a spiral conveying trough or a slag discharge auger is also provided in the slag discharge hole (1201) for coaxial rotation.

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